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Lump-sum vs. energy-efficiency subsidy recycling of carbon tax revenue in the residential sector: A French assessment
[Recyclage des revenus de la taxe carbone en paiements forfaitaires vs. subventions à l'efficacité énergétique: Une évaluation pour le secteur résidentiel français]

Author

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  • Cyril Bourgeois

    (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet

    (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Philippe Quirion

    (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that carbon taxes are best accepted when their revenue is used to finance abatement measures. This revenue recycling option has however received little attention in modelling assessments. With the aim of filling this gap, we assess the impact of the French carbon tax on energy use for residential heating and compare the cost-effectiveness and distributional impacts of two revenue recycling options: lump-sum payment and subsidies for home energy retrofits. We do so using Res-IRF, an energy-economy model that provides a highly detailed description of housing features (single vs. multi-family, energy efficiency, heating fuel) and key household characteristics (tenancy status, income). We find that the two recycling options offset the regressive impacts of the tax in comparable ways. Lump-sum recycling is particularly effective in reducing inequalities between owner-occupiers and tenants. In turn, subsidy recycling saves energy and increases comfort more cost-effectively. In the discussion, we further point to some advantages of subsidy recycling from both a political and administrative perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • Cyril Bourgeois & Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet & Philippe Quirion, 2021. "Lump-sum vs. energy-efficiency subsidy recycling of carbon tax revenue in the residential sector: A French assessment [Recyclage des revenus de la taxe carbone en paiements forfaitaires vs. subvent," Post-Print hal-02073964, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02073964
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107006
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    6. Lingli Qi & Lei Zhao & Yongqiang Zhang & Shiqi Jiang & Xinyue Lin & Yishuai Ren, 2024. "Computable general equilibrium analysis of neutral carbon trading scheme and revenue recycling impacts on income distribution in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Cathal ODonoghue & Beenish Amjad & Jules Linden & Nora Lustig & Denisa Sologon & Yang Wang, 2023. "The Distributional Impact of Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES," Papers 2310.00231, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2024.
    8. Liu, Na & Yao, Xilong & Wan, Fang & Han, Yunfei, 2023. "Are tax revenue recycling schemes based on industry-differentiated carbon tax conducive to realizing the “double dividend”?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    9. George, Jan Frederick & Werner, Simon & Preuß, Sabine & Winkler, Jenny & Held, Anne & Ragwitz, Mario, 2023. "The landlord-tenant dilemma: Distributional effects of carbon prices, redistribution and building modernisation policies in the German heating transition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    10. Semet, Raphaël, 2024. "Coordinating social equity and emissions: Challenges in carbon tax policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
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    12. Jia, Zhijie & Wen, Shiyan & Liu, Yu, 2022. "China's urban-rural inequality caused by carbon neutrality: A perspective from carbon footprint and decomposed social welfare," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
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    Keywords

    carbon tax; revenue-recycling; building sector; fuel poverty; energy efficiency subsidies;
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