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The Macroeconomic Implications of CBDC: A Review of the Literature

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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the literature examining how the introduction of a CBDC would affect the banking sector, financial stability, and the implementation and transmission of monetary policy in a developed economy such as the United States. A CBDC has the potential to improve welfare by reducing financial frictions in deposit markets, by boosting financial inclusion, and by improving the transmission of monetary policy. However, a CBDC also entails noteworthy risks, including the possibility of bank disintermediation and associated contraction in bank credit, as well as potential adverse effects on financial stability. A CBDC also raise important questions regarding monetary policy implementation and the footprint of central banks in the financial system. Ultimately, the effects of a CBDC depend critically on its design features, particularly remuneration.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastian Infante & Kyungmin Kim & Anna Orlik & André F. Silva & Robert J. Tetlow, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Implications of CBDC: A Review of the Literature," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-076, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2022-76
    DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2022.076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Schilling, Linda & Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús & Uhlig, Harald, 2024. "Central bank digital currency: When price and bank stability collide," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Luzie Thiel & Jochen Michaelis, 2023. "Digitales Zentralbankgeld: Warum wagt niemand den ersten Schritt?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 92(3), pages 5-8.
    3. Remo Nyffenegger, 2024. "A proposal for a layer-2 CBDC on a rollup," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 543-571, September.
    4. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Billah, Mabruk & Alam, Md Rafayet & Lucey, Brian, 2024. "Does news related to digital economy and central bank digital currency affect digital economy ETFs? Evidence from TVP-VAR connectedness and wavelet local multiple correlation analyses," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial stability; Monetary policy; Banking; Central bank digital currency; Central banking;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E40 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - General
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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