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Trade and terroir. The political economy of the world's first geographical indications

Author

Listed:
  • Giulia Meloni
  • Jo Swinnen
Abstract
The world’s first geographical indications (GIs) were in the wine sector and focused on the delineation of the location of production, the ‘terroir’: the Burgundy wines in the fifteenth century, the Port wines and Chianti wines in the eighteenth century, and the Champagne wines in the early twentieth century. We analyze the causes for the introduction of these GIs (‘terroirs’) and for changes in their delineation (expansion) later on. Our analysis shows that trade played a very important role in the creation of the ‘terroirs’ but not always through the same mechanisms. For the Port and Chianti GIs it was exports to Britain that were crucial; for Burgundy it was domestic trade to Paris; and for the Champagne GI it was not exports but pressure from wine imports and new wine regions that played a crucial role. For the expansions of the GIs later in history, other factors seem to have been equally important. Expansions of the GIs in the years and centuries after their introduction followed major changes in political power; the spread of a new philosophy in liberal and free markets across Europe; and infrastructure investments which opened up markets and made exports cheaper from “new” producers.

Suggested Citation

  • Giulia Meloni & Jo Swinnen, 2018. "Trade and terroir. The political economy of the world's first geographical indications," Working Papers of LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance 613143, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance.
    • Handle: RePEc:ete:licosp:613143
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    Cited by:

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    2. Costanigro, Marco & Scozzafava, Gabriele & Casini, Leonardo, 2019. "Vertical differentiation via multi-tier geographical indications and the consumer perception of quality: The case of Chianti wines," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 246-259.
    3. Duvaleix, Sabine & Emlinger, Charlotte & Gaigné, Carl & Latouche, Karine, 2021. "Geographical indications and trade: Firm-level evidence from the French cheese industry," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Cockx, Lara & Meloni, Giulia & Swinnen, Johan, 2021. "The Water of Life and Death: A Brief Economic History of Spirits," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(4), pages 355-399, November.
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    7. Guilherme Silva Fracarolli, 2021. "Global Markets, Local Issues: The Hegemonic Process of Agri-Food Construction to Present Challenges," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-24, November.
    8. Resce, Giuliano & Vaquero-Piñeiro, Cristina, 2022. "Predicting agri-food quality across space: A Machine Learning model for the acknowledgment of Geographical Indications," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    9. Jean‐Sauveur Ay, 2021. "The Informational Content of Geographical Indications," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(2), pages 523-542, March.
    10. Pecchioli, Bruno & Moroz, David, 2023. "Do geographical appellations provide useful quality signals? The case of Scotch single malt whiskies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    11. Susana López‐Bayón & Marta Fernández‐Barcala & Manuel González‐Díaz, 2020. "In search of agri‐food quality for wine: Is it enough to join a geographical indication?," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(4), pages 568-590, October.
    12. Huysmans, Martijn, 2021. "On Feta and Fetta: Protecting EU Geographical Indications Down Under," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 314978, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
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    14. Martijn Huysmans, 2022. "On Feta and Fetta: Protecting EU geographical indications in Australia," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(2), pages 598-613, June.
    15. Eugenio Pomarici & Roberta Sardone, 2020. "EU wine policy in the framework of the CAP: post-2020 challenges," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-40, December.
    16. Boga, Rubén & Paül, Valerià, 2023. "‘Because of its size, it’s not worth it!’: The viability of small-scale geographical indication schemes," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    17. Daniele Curzi & Martijn Huysmans, 2022. "The Impact of Protecting EU Geographical Indications in Trade Agreements," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(1), pages 364-384, January.
    18. Raul Serrano & Natalia Dejo‐Oricain & Juan Ferrer & Vicente Pinilla & Silvia Abella‐Garcés & Maria Teresa Maza, 2023. "Domestic clustered networks and internationalization of agrifood SMEs," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 167-195, January.
    19. Guilherme Silva Fracarolli, 2021. "Mapping Online Geographical Indication: Agrifood Products on E-Commerce Shelves of Mercosur and the European Union," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-20, May.
    20. M. Huysmans, 2019. "Exporting protection: EU trade agreements, geographical indications, and gastronationalism," Working Papers 19-26, Utrecht School of Economics.
    21. Armelle Mazé, 2023. "Geographical indications as global knowledge commons: Ostrom's law on common intellectual property and collective action," Post-Print hal-04063797, HAL.

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    Keywords

    KUL-METH-Institutions;

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • K39 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Other
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • N53 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy

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