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From Proof of Concept to Scalable Policies: Challenges and Solutions, with an Application

Author

Listed:
  • Duflo, Esther
  • Banerjee, Abhijit
  • Banerji, Rukmini
  • Berry, James
  • Kannan, Harini
  • Mukerji, Shobhini
  • Walton, Michael
  • Shotland, Marc
Abstract
The promise of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is that evidence gathered through the evaluation of a specific program helps us—possibly after several rounds of fine-tuning and multiple replications in different contexts—to inform policy. However, critics have pointed out that a potential constraint in this agenda is that results from small, NGO-run “proof-of-concept†studies may not apply to policies that can be implemented by governments on a large scale. After discussing the potential issues, this paper describes the journey from the original concept to the design and evaluation of scalable policy. We do so by evaluating a series of strategies that aim to integrate the NGO Pratham’s “Teaching at the Right Level†methodology into elementary schools in India. The methodology consists of re-organizing instruction based on children’s actual learning levels, rather than on a prescribed syllabus, and has previously been shown to be very effective when properly implemented. We present RCT evidence on the designs that failed to produce impacts within the regular schooling system but helped shape subsequent versions of the program. As a result of this process, two versions of the programs were developed that successfully raised children’s learning levels using scalable models in government schools.

Suggested Citation

  • Duflo, Esther & Banerjee, Abhijit & Banerji, Rukmini & Berry, James & Kannan, Harini & Mukerji, Shobhini & Walton, Michael & Shotland, Marc, 2017. "From Proof of Concept to Scalable Policies: Challenges and Solutions, with an Application," CEPR Discussion Papers 11762, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11762
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Education; India;

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O35 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Social Innovation

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