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Quantifying Market Power and Business Dynamism in the Macroeconomy

Author

Listed:
  • Jan de Loecker
  • Jan Eeckhout
  • Simon Mongey
Abstract
We propose a general equilibrium model with oligopolistic output markets where two channels can cause a change in market power: (i) technology, via changes to productivity shocks and the cost of entry, (ii) market structure, via changes to the number of potential competitors. First, we disentangle these narratives by matching data on markups, labor reallocation and costs, finding that both channels are necessary to account for the data. Second, we show that changes in technology and market structure yield positive welfare effects through reallocation and selection, but off-setting negative effects from dead-weight loss and overhead. Overall, welfare is 9 percent lower in 2016 than in 1980. Third, the changes we identify explain and decompose cross-sectional patterns in declining business dynamism, declining equilibrium wages and labor force participation via reallocation toward larger, more productive firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan de Loecker & Jan Eeckhout & Simon Mongey, 2021. "Quantifying Market Power and Business Dynamism in the Macroeconomy," Working Papers 1251, Barcelona School of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:bge:wpaper:1251
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    Cited by:

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    3. Vaziri, M., 2022. "Antitrust Law and Business Dynamism," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2243, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    4. Ricardo Marto, 2023. "Structural Change and the Rise in Markups," Working Papers 2024-002, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    5. Jules Depersin & B'ereng`ere Patault, 2023. "Revisiting the effect of search frictions on market concentration," Papers 2303.01824, arXiv.org.
    6. Maarten de Ridder, 2022. "Market power and innovation in the intangible economy," POID Working Papers 064, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    7. Nicholas Kozeniauskas, 2022. "What’s Driving the Decline in Entrepreneurship?," Working Papers w202217, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    8. Samuel Brien, 2021. "Wealth Inequality, Uninsurable Entrepreneurial Risk and Firms Markup," Working Paper 1476, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    9. Renjie Bao & Jan de Loecker & Jan Eeckhout, 2022. "Are Managers Paid for Market Power?," Working Papers 1340, Barcelona School of Economics.
    10. Joel Bowman & Jonathan Hambur & Nathan Markovski, 2024. "Examining the Macroeconomic Costs of Occupational Entry Regulations," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2024-06, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    11. Shubhdeep Deb & Jan Eeckhout & Aseem Patel & Lawrence Warren, 2022. "What Drives Wage Stagnation: Monopsony or Monopoly?," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 20(6), pages 2181-2225.
    12. David W. Berger & Kyle F. Herkenhoff & Simon Mongey, 2022. "Minimum Wages, Efficiency and Welfare," NBER Working Papers 29662, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Hugo Hopenhayn & Julian Neira & Rish Singhania, 2022. "From Population Growth to Firm Demographics: Implications for Concentration, Entrepreneurship and the Labor Share," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(4), pages 1879-1914, July.
    14. Luduvice, André Victor D. & Martinez, Tomás R. & Sollaci, Alexandre B., 2024. "Minimum Wage, Business Dynamism, and the Life Cycle of Firms," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13444, Inter-American Development Bank.
    15. Babina, Tania & Barkai, Simcha & Jeffers, Jessica & Karger, Ezra & Volkova, Ekaterina, 2023. "Antitrust Enforcement Increases Economic Activity," HEC Research Papers Series 1488, HEC Paris.
    16. Jonathan Hambur, 2023. "Product Market Competition and its Implications for the Australian Economy," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 99(324), pages 32-57, March.
    17. S. Nobili, 2024. "Concentration, Market Power and International Tax Competition," Working Paper CRENoS 202406, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    18. Bowen Zheng & Mengjie Zhang & Xuefang Zhang, 2022. "The rise of market power and firms' investment: Evidence from China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(5), pages 4807-4830, December.
    19. Ambrocio, Gene, 2023. "Demographic aging and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 16/2023, Bank of Finland.
    20. Xiaoyang Zhu, 2023. "Financial development and declining market dynamics: Another dark side of “too much finance”?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(1), pages 275-309, July.
    21. von Maydell, Richard, 2024. "Artificial Intelligence and its Effect on Competition and Factor Income Shares," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277654, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, revised 2024.
    22. Flavien Moreau & Ludovic Panon, 2023. "How costly are cartels?," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1413, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    23. Kouvavas, Omiros & Osbat, Chiara & Reinelt, Timo & Vansteenkiste, Isabel, 2021. "Markups and inflation cyclicality in the euro area," Working Paper Series 2617, European Central Bank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    business dynamism; market power in the aggregate economy; technological change; market structure; reallocation; Endogenous markups; wage stagnation; labor share; passthrough;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C6 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • D5 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

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