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Does reducing spatial differentiation increase product differentiation? Effects of zoning on retail entry and format variety

Author

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  • Sumon Datta
  • K. Sudhir
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that the omission of zoning restrictions in the extant literature on entry and location choice leads to biased estimates of the factors affecting market potential and competitive intensity. Second, the cross-market variations in zoning regulations helps us test and provide evidence for the theory that constraints on spatial differentiation will lead to greater product differentiation. Finally, we provide qualitative insight on how zoning impacts retail entry and format variety; in particular we evaluate the impact of prototypical zoning arrangements such as “centralized,” “neighborhood,” and “outskirt” zoning on entry and format variety. Copyright The Author(s) 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Sumon Datta & K. Sudhir, 2013. "Does reducing spatial differentiation increase product differentiation? Effects of zoning on retail entry and format variety," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 83-116, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:qmktec:v:11:y:2013:i:1:p:83-116
    DOI: 10.1007/s11129-012-9131-x
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    Cited by:

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    2. Dieter Pennerstorfer & Nora Schindler & Christoph Weiss & Biliana Yontcheva, 2020. "Income Inequality and Product Variety: Empirical Evidence," Economics working papers 2020-17, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    3. Charles Murry & Yiyi Zhou, 2020. "Consumer Search and Automobile Dealer Colocation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(5), pages 1909-1934, May.
    4. Sha Yang & Shijie Lu & Xianghua Lu, 2014. "Modeling Competition and Its Impact on Paid-Search Advertising," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 33(1), pages 134-153, January.
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    6. Bonfrer, André & Chintagunta, Pradeep & Dhar, Sanjay, 2022. "Retail store formats, competition and shopper behavior: A Systematic review," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 71-91.
    7. Rahkovsky Ilya & Volpe Richard, 2018. "Structure and Food Price Inflation," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, January.
    8. Victor Aguirregabiria & Junichi Suzuki, 2015. "Empirical Games of Market Entry and Spatial Competition in Retail Industries," Working Papers tecipa-534, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    9. Buechel, Berno & Klein, Jan, 2014. "Do Consumers' Preferences Really Matter? - A Note on Spatial Competition with Restricted Strategies," MPRA Paper 55288, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Nan Yang, 2018. "An Empirically Tractable Dynamic Oligopoly Model: Application to Store Entry and Exit in Dutch Grocery Retail," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 37(6), pages 1029-1049, November.
    11. Jason R. Blevins & Ahmed Khwaja & Nathan Yang, 2018. "Firm Expansion, Size Spillovers, and Market Dominance in Retail Chain Dynamics," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(9), pages 4070-4093.
    12. Mitsukuni Nishida, 2015. "Estimating a Model of Strategic Network Choice: The Convenience-Store Industry in Okinawa," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 34(1), pages 20-38, January.
    13. Astrid Pennerstorfer & Dieter Pennerstorfer, 2018. "How Small are Small Markets? Location Choice and Geographical Market Size for Child Care Services," Economics working papers 2018-14, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    14. Bunyada Laoprapassorn, 2022. "Entry and Spatial Competition of Intermediaries: Evidence from Thailand's Rice Market," PIER Discussion Papers 170, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    15. Schivardi, Fabiano & Pozzi, Andrea, 2015. "Entry Regulation in Retail Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 10836, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
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    17. Kim, Sunghoon & DeSarbo, Wayne S. & Chang, Won, 2021. "Note: A new approach to the modeling of spatially dependent and heterogeneous geographical regions," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 792-803.
    18. Gokan,Toshitaka & Thisse,Jacques-François, 2024. "Are spatial differentiation and product differentiation substitutes?," IDE Discussion Papers 943, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    19. O. Cem Ozturk & Sriram Venkataraman & Pradeep K. Chintagunta, 2016. "Price Reactions to Rivals’ Local Channel Exits," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(4), pages 588-604, July.
    20. Shijie Lu & Sha Yang, 2017. "Investigating the Spillover Effect of Keyword Market Entry in Sponsored Search Advertising," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 36(6), pages 976-998, November.
    21. Mitsukuni Nishida, 2014. "The costs of zoning regulations in retail chains: the case of the City Planning Act of 1968 in Japan," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 305-328, June.
    22. Nishida, Mitsukuni & Gil, Ricard, 2014. "Regulation, enforcement, and entry: Evidence from the Spanish local TV industry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 11-23.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Product variety; Zoning; Entry; Location choice; Retail competition; Discrete games; Multiple equilibria; Structural modeling; C5; C70; L13; L81; M31;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • C70 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - General
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L81 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
    • M31 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Marketing

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