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The prediction of bereavement outcome: Development of an integrative risk factor framework

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  • Stroebe, Margaret Susan
  • Folkman, Susan
  • Hansson, Robert O.
  • Schut, Henk
Abstract
We propose an integrative risk factor framework to enhance understanding of individual differences in adjustment to bereavement and to encourage more systematic analysis of factors contributing to bereavement outcome (e.g., examination of interactions between variables and establishing pathways in the adaptation process). The examination of individual differences in adaptation to bereavement is essential for practical (e.g. targeting high risk individuals for intervention) and theoretical (e.g. testing the validity of theoretical claims about sources of differences) purposes. And yet, existing theoretical approaches have not led to systematic empirical examination and empirical studies in the current literature are fraught with shortcomings. Derived from Cognitive Stress Theory [Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer] and the stressor-specific Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement [Stroebe, M. S., & Schut, H. A. W. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23, 197-224], the framework incorporates an analysis of stressors, intra/interpersonal risk/protective factors, and appraisal and coping processes that are postulated to impact on outcome. Advantages of using the approach are outlined. Challenges in undertaking such research are addressed.

Suggested Citation

  • Stroebe, Margaret Susan & Folkman, Susan & Hansson, Robert O. & Schut, Henk, 2006. "The prediction of bereavement outcome: Development of an integrative risk factor framework," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(9), pages 2440-2451, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:63:y:2006:i:9:p:2440-2451
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deborah Carr & James S. House & Ronald C. Kessler & Randolph M. Nesse & John Sonnega & Camille Wortman, 2000. "Marital Quality and Psychological Adjustment to Widowhood Among Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 55(4), pages 197-207.
    2. Gary R. Lee & Alfred DeMaris & Stefoni Bavin & Rachel Sullivan, 2001. "Gender Differences in the Depressive Effect of Widowhood in Later Life," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 56(1), pages 56-61.
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    2. Espinosa, Javier & Evans, William N., 2013. "Maternal bereavement: The heightened mortality of mothers after the death of a child," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 371-381.
    3. Nielsen, Mette Kjærgaard & Carlsen, Anders Helles & Neergaard, Mette Asbjoern & Bidstrup, Pernille Envold & Guldin, Mai-Britt, 2019. "Looking beyond the mean in grief trajectories: A prospective, population-based cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 460-469.
    4. Fu‐Min Tseng & Dennis Petrie & Shaolin Wang & Colin Macduff & Audrey I. Stephen, 2018. "The impact of spousal bereavement on hospitalisations: Evidence from the Scottish Longitudinal Study," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 120-138, February.
    5. van der Houwen, Karolijne & Stroebe, Margaret & Schut, Henk & Stroebe, Wolfgang & Bout, Jan van den, 2010. "Mediating processes in bereavement: The role of rumination, threatening grief interpretations, and deliberate grief avoidance," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(9), pages 1669-1676, November.
    6. Kati Kraehnert & Tilman Brück & Michele Di Maio & Roberto Nisticò, 2019. "The Effects of Conflict on Fertility: Evidence From the Genocide in Rwanda," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(3), pages 935-968, June.
    7. Jason Fletcher & Marsha Mailick & Jieun Song & Barbara Wolfe, 2013. "A Sibling Death in the Family: Common and Consequential," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(3), pages 803-826, June.
    8. Diego De Leo & Annalisa Guarino & Benedetta Congregalli & Josephine Zammarrelli & Anna Valle & Stefano Paoloni & Sabrina Cipolletta, 2022. "Receiving Notification of Unexpected and Violent Death: A Qualitative Study of Italian Survivors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, August.
    9. Sharna Mathieu & Racquel Todor & Diego De Leo & Kairi Kõlves, 2022. "Coping Styles Utilized during Suicide and Sudden Death Bereavement in the First Six Months," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-14, November.
    10. Wai-Man Liu & Liz Forbat & Katrina Anderson, 2019. "Death of a close friend: Short and long-term impacts on physical, psychological and social well-being," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, April.

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