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How Do Campaign Spending Limits Affect Elections? Evidence from the United Kingdom 1885–2019

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  • FOUIRNAIES, ALEXANDER
Abstract
In more than half of the democratic countries in the world, candidates face legal constraints on how much money they can spend on their electoral campaigns, yet we know little about the consequences of these restrictions. I study how spending limits affect UK House of Commons elections. I contribute new data on the more than 70,000 candidates who ran for a parliamentary seat from 1885 to 2019, and I document how much money each candidate spent, how they allocated their resources across different spending categories, and the spending limit they faced. To identify the effect on elections, I exploit variation in spending caps induced by reforms of the spending-limit formula that affected some but not all constituencies. The results indicate that when the level of permitted spending is increased, the cost of electoral campaigns increases, which is primarily driven by expenses related to advertisement and mainly to the disadvantage of Labour candidates; the pool of candidates shrinks and elections become less competitive; and the financial and electoral advantages enjoyed by incumbents are amplified.

Suggested Citation

  • Fouirnaies, Alexander, 2021. "How Do Campaign Spending Limits Affect Elections? Evidence from the United Kingdom 1885–2019," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 115(2), pages 395-411, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:115:y:2021:i:2:p:395-411_5
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    1. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/1dp7827s4n8ht8fk3qhmeuvd0o is not listed on IDEAS
    2. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/1dp7827s4n8ht8fk3qhmeuvd0o is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Balart, Pau & Casas, Agustin & Troumpounis, Orestis, 2022. "Technological change, campaign spending and polarization," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    4. Julia Cage & Edgard Dewitte, 2021. "It Takes Money to Make MPs: Evidence from 150 Years of British Campaign Spending," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03384143, HAL.
    5. Julia Cage & Edgard Dewitte, 2022. "When Does Money Matter for Elections?," SciencePo Working papers hal-03619549, HAL.
    6. Julia Cage & Edgard Dewitte, 2022. "When Does Money Matter for Elections?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03619549, HAL.
    7. Julia Cage & Edgard Dewitte, 2022. "When Does Money Matter for Elections?," Post-Print hal-03619549, HAL.
    8. Julia Cage & Edgard Dewitte, 2021. "It Takes Money to Make MPs: Evidence from 150 Years of British Campaign Spending," SciencePo Working papers hal-03384143, HAL.
    9. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/1dp7827s4n8ht8fk3qhmeuvd0o is not listed on IDEAS
    10. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1dp7827s4n8ht8fk3qhmeuvd0o is not listed on IDEAS

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