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Ingresos externos corrientes de Colombia: desempeno exportador, avances y retos

Author

Listed:
  • Aarón Levi Garavito-Acosta
  • Enrique Montes-Uribe
  • Jorge Hernán Toro-Córdoba
  • Camila Agudelo-Rivera
  • Viviana A. Corredor-Alfonso
  • Álvaro Carmona-Duarte
  • María Mercedes Collazos-Gaitán
  • Camilo González-Sabogal...
Abstract
Se analizan los ingresos de la cuenta corriente de la balanza de pagos que comprenden las exportaciones de bienes y servicios, las rentas de las inversiones de Colombia en el exterior y las transferencias corrientes que incluyen las remesas de trabajadores. Se encuentra que los ingresos externos son bajos frente a otros países emergentes, concentrados en exportaciones de bienes básicos, de origen minero y petrolero, mientras que la participación de las exportaciones de servicios es reducida. Los destinos geográficos de las exportaciones son poco diversificados, siendo Estados Unidos el principal socio comercial. Estas características aumentan la vulnerabilidad de la economía colombiana a choques de términos de intercambio y de demanda externa. La concentración en recursos naturales se refleja en un escaso nivel de complejidad de las exportaciones colombianas y en una baja inserción del país en las cadenas globales de valor. Otras fuentes de ingresos como la renta factorial, las remesas y otras transferencias han aumentado su participación en los ingresos totales durante últimos anos hasta un 20% en promedio. El uso intensivo de medidas no arancelarias, la complejidad de los procesos logísticos y la infraestructura inadecuada han aumentado los costos de comerciar, impidiendo un mejor desempeno y mayor diversificación de las exportaciones del país. ****** ABSTRACT: An analysis of the current account’s revenues of the balance of payments is undertaken. Those revenues comprise the exports of goods and services, the return from Colombian investments abroad, and current transfers that include workers remittances. It is found that Colombian foreign revenues are low when compared to other emerging economies, and are concentrated in exports of commodities, mainly mining and oil, while the share of export services is low. The geographical destiny of exports exhibits little diversification, where the US is the main trade partner. These characteristics increase the vulnerability of the Colombian economy to terms of trade and external demand shocks. The concentration of revenues on natural resources leads to a scarce complexity level of the Colombian exports as well as to a low insertion of the country in global value chains. Over the last few years, other sources of revenues such as factor income, remittances and other transfers have increased their share on the total revenue up to an average of 20 percent. The intensive use of non-tariff barriers, the complexity of logistical processes and the inadequate infrastructure have increased trading costs, preventing a better performance and a larger diversification of Colombian exports.

Suggested Citation

  • Aarón Levi Garavito-Acosta & Enrique Montes-Uribe & Jorge Hernán Toro-Córdoba & Camila Agudelo-Rivera & Viviana A. Corredor-Alfonso & Álvaro Carmona-Duarte & María Mercedes Collazos-Gaitán & Camilo Go, 2020. "Ingresos externos corrientes de Colombia: desempeno exportador, avances y retos," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, issue 95, pages 1-81, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000107:018216
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    File URL: https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12134/9867/ESPE95.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Fredy Cepeda-Lopez & Fredy Gamboa-Estrada & Carlos Leon-Rincón & Hernán Rincon-Castro, 2022. "Colombian Liberalization and Integration into World Trade Markets: Much Ado about Nothing," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, vol. 25(2), pages 1-44, December.
    2. Leonardo Raffo-López & Edwin Arbey Hernández-García, 2021. "Comercio internacional, prosperidad y desigualdad en la globalización," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 40(71), pages 133-164, February.
    3. Camilo Andrés Guerrero-Martin & Alexandre Szklo, 2024. "Analysis of Potential Environmental Risks in the Hydraulic Fracturing Operation in the “La Luna” Formation in Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-35, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ingresos externos; Exportaciones; Cuenta corriente; Comercio internacional; Balance externo; Foreign revenue; Exports; Current account; International trade; External balance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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