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The Incidental Fertility Effects of School Condom Distribution Programs

Author

Listed:
  • Kasey S. Buckles
  • Daniel M. Hungerman
Abstract
While the fertility effects of improving teenagers’ access to contraception are theoretically ambiguous, most empirical work has shown that access decreases teen fertility. In this paper, we consider the fertility effects of access to condoms—a method of contraception not considered in prior work. We exploit variation across counties and across time in teenagers’ exposure to condom distribution programs in schools. We find that access to condoms in schools increases teen fertility by about 12 percent. The results suggest that the effects of condom access varied significantly across different programs; the positive fertility estimates are driven by communities where condoms are provided without mandated counseling. Programs that mandated counseling have zero or negative fertility effects, but estimates on these counties are less robust across specifications.

Suggested Citation

  • Kasey S. Buckles & Daniel M. Hungerman, 2018. "The Incidental Fertility Effects of School Condom Distribution Programs," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(3), pages 464-492, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jpamgt:v:37:y:2018:i:3:p:464-492
    DOI: 10.1002/pam.22060
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    Cited by:

    1. Abrahamsen, Signe A. & Ginja, Rita & Riise, Julie, 2021. "School Health Programs: Education, Health, and Welfare Dependency of Young Adults," IZA Discussion Papers 14546, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Kelly, Andrea & Lindo, Jason M. & Packham, Analisa, 2020. "The power of the IUD: Effects of expanding access to contraception through Title X clinics," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    3. Bailey, Martha J., 2022. "Economic opportunity begins with contraception: Comment on “Intergenerational Mobility Begins Before Birth” by Ananth Seshadri, Anson Zhou," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 21-23.
    4. Andrew Beauchamp & Catherine R. Pakaluk, 2019. "The Paradox Of The Pill: Heterogeneous Effects Of Oral Contraceptive Access," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 57(2), pages 813-831, April.
    5. Pfeifer, Gregor & Stockburger, Mirjam, 2023. "The morning after: Prescription-free access to emergency contraceptive pills," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Michael F. Lovenheim & Randall Reback & Leigh Wedenoja, 2016. "How Does Access to Health Care Affect Teen Fertility and High School Dropout Rates? Evidence from School-based Health Centers," NBER Working Papers 22030, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Herrera Catalina & E. Sahn David, 2017. "Working Paper 281 - Early Childbearing, School Attainment and Cognitive Skills," Working Paper Series 2398, African Development Bank.
    8. Martha J. Bailey & Jason M. Lindo, 2017. "Access and Use of Contraception and Its Effects on Women’s Outcomes in the U.S," NBER Working Papers 23465, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Acton, Riley & Imberman, Scott & Lovenheim, Michael, 2021. "Do Health Insurance Mandates Spillover to Education? Evidence from Michigan’s Autism Insurance Mandate," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    10. Rau, Tomás & Sarzosa, Miguel & Urzúa, Sergio, 2021. "The children of the missed pill," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    11. David Paton & Stephen Bullivant & Juan Soto, 2020. "The impact of sex education mandates on teenage pregnancy: International evidence," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(7), pages 790-807, July.
    12. McAndrews, James J., 2020. "The case for cash," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 1(1).
    13. Ninos Malek & Charity-Joy Acchiardo, 2020. "Dismal Dating: A Student’s Guide to Romance Using the Economic Way of Thinking," Journal of Private Enterprise, The Association of Private Enterprise Education, vol. 35(Fall 2020), pages 93-108.
    14. Spencer, Melissa K., 2024. "Safer sex? The effect of AIDS risk on birth rates," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    15. Herrera-Almanza, Catalina & McCarthey, Aine Seitz, 2023. "Disparities in Spousal Desired Fertility and Land Tenure Expectations: Experimental Evidence from Rural Tanzania," 2024 Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) Annual Meeting, January 5-7, 2024, San Antonio, Texas 339077, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    16. Catalina Herrera Almanza & David E. Sahn, 2018. "Early Childbearing, School Attainment, and Cognitive Skills: Evidence From Madagascar," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 55(2), pages 643-668, April.
    17. Alice Dominici and Lisen Arnheim Dahlström, 2023. "Targeting vaccine information framing to recipients’ education: a randomized trial," Economics Working Papers EUI ECO 2023/02, European University Institute.

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    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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