燉

See also: 炖

燉	U+71C9, 燉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C9

← 燈
[U+71C8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

燊 →
[U+71CA]

Translingual

Han character

燉 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火卜木大 (FYDK), four-corner 9884₀, composition ⿰火敦)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19403
Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2236, character 6
Unihan data for U+71C9

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
弴	tjuː, tuːn
敦	tuːl, doːn, tuːn, tuːns
錞	duːlʔ, duːls, *djun
憝	*duːls
憞	*duːls
譈	*duːls
鐓	*duːls
鷻	*doːn
鶉	doːn, djun
惇	tuːn, tjun
墩	*tuːn
驐	*tuːn
燉	tuːns, tʰuːn, *duːn
焞	tʰuːn, djun
啍	tʰuːn, duːn
暾	*tʰuːn
噋	tʰuːn, kʰʷaːɡ
諄	tjun, tjuns
埻	tjunʔ, kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
稕	*tjuns
醇	*djun
淳	*djun
犉	*njun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn) : semantic 火 + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns).

Etymology 1

See notes below
trad.		燉/炖^*
simp.		炖^*
2nd round simp.		炖

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dùn (dun⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): den⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dan⁶ / deon⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): un⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûn
Eastern Min (BUC): dông
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong⁵ / duong⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tūn

(Teochew, Peng'im): dung⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ten

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dùn
  - Wade–Giles: tun⁴
  - Yale: dwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn
  - Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: den⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: den
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tən²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dan⁶ / deon⁶
  - Yale: dahn / deuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dan⁶ / doen⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: den⁶ / dên⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐn²²/, /tɵn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: un⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /un³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: dun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tun²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: duong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūn
  - Tâi-lô: tūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tun²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tun³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dung⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ten
  - MiniDict: ten^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ten
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tən³⁴/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tuːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燉
Reading #	1/3
No.	2603
Phonetic component	敦
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	頓
Old Chinese	/*tuːns/

Definitions

燉

to stew
to heat up (soup, wine, etc.) by steeping the container in hot water

Usage notes

炖 was included as the simplified form of 燉 in the second round of simplification in 1977. The current standard in Mainland China, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters (通用规范汉字表), does not mention that 炖 is a simplification of 燉. A Dictionary of Current Chinese (现代汉语词典) includes 燉 as a variant form of 炖.

Compounds

慢燉鍋／慢炖锅 (màndùnguō)
清燉／清炖 (qīngdùn)
燉冬菇／炖冬菇
燉煮／炖煮
燉肉／炖肉 (dùnròu)
燉菜／炖菜 (dùncài)
燉補／炖补 (dùnbǔ)
燉鍋／炖锅 (dùnguō)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		燉

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tún, dūn (tun², dun¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣˊ, ㄉㄨㄣ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tún
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tún
  - Wade–Giles: tʻun²
  - Yale: twún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
  - Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dun
  - Wade–Giles: tun¹
  - Yale: dwūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen
  - Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: thwon, dwon

Rime
Character	燉	燉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他昆切	徒渾切
Baxter	thwon	dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuon/	/duon/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwən/	/dwən/
Li Rong	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Wang Li	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuən/	/dʱuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tūn	tún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	teon¹	teon⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːn/, /*duːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燉	燉
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	2607	2610
Phonetic component	敦	敦
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	暾	屯
Old Chinese	/*tʰuːn/	/*duːn/

Definitions

燉

^† flaming; blazing

Compounds

燉煌 (Dūnhuáng)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 燉 – see 暾 (“new-risen sun; morning sun; sun above the horizon”). (This character is a variant form of 暾).

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “炖”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

Japanese

Kanji

燉

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): とん (ton)
Kun: あきらか (akiraka)

Korean

Hanja

燉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)

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Vietnamese

Han character

燉: Hán Nôm readings: đôn, đốn, đun, đón, don, giôn

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