Hafnium

Hafnium, ₇₂Hf
	Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm)
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	hafnium, Hf
Gōa-hêng	steel gray
Hafnium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
	lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
Goân-chú-hoan	72
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	178.49(2)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	4 cho̍k, d khu
Chiu-kî	tē 6 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	solid
Iûⁿ-tiám	2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F)
Hut-tiám	4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘ (sek-un)	13.31 g·cm−3
	12 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	27.2 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	648 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	25.73 J·mol−1·K−1
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	4, 3, 2, 1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.3
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 ; 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 159 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	175±10 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	23.0 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	paramagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	78 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	30 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	110 GPa
Poisson pí	0.37
Mohs ngē-tō͘	5.5
Vickers ngē-tō͘	1520–2060 MPa
Brinell ngē-tō͘	1450–2100 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-58-6
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ	after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered
Chhui-chhek	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Chú bûn-chiong: hafnium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Hafnium sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 72, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Hf.

Chham-khó

↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. 2016-06-10 khòaⁿ--ê. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[IUPAC-1] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[magnet-2] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. 2016-06-10 khòaⁿ--ê. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)

[1]

[2]