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2 pages, 134 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface of the 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2024)

by Noor Hanita Abdul Majid, Agus Dwi Anggono, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Nur Rahmawati Syamsiyah, Afif Faishal and Mohammad Sukri Mustapa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084001 - 21 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology (MEST) Conference was held at the Universiti Muhammadiyah Malaysia, Bangunan Wisma MAIPs, Blok S1, Kompleks Desa Siswa, Uniciti Alam, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia on 11–12 December 2024 [...] Full article

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10 pages, 3063 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Clustering Batik SMEs: Open Innovation for Environmental Sustainability

by Amelia Kurniawati, Fahmy Habib Hasanudin, Fandi Achmad, Raihan Abdurrahman and Rizki Fajar Ahmad Gurnita

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084002 - 22 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Environmental sustainability is challenging for SMEs, mainly due to SMEs’ limited resources. To achieve environmental sustainability, SMEs must innovate their production process and waste management. SMEs can utilize open innovation to counter their limited resources problem. This study aims to explore the clustering [...] Read more.

Environmental sustainability is challenging for SMEs, mainly due to SMEs’ limited resources. To achieve environmental sustainability, SMEs must innovate their production process and waste management. SMEs can utilize open innovation to counter their limited resources problem. This study aims to explore the clustering of SMEs based on their environmental sustainability achievement and the utilization of open innovation to achieve it. The data used in this study are from 38 SMEs that produce Batik and are located in Rembang Regency, Indonesia. The clustering process is performed using the K-Means algorithm. The results show that the data are grouped into two clusters. The first cluster, with 26 entities, tends to have higher environmental sustainability achievement and open innovation involvement than the second cluster with 12 entities. Therefore, the second cluster needs more attention from external stakeholders to encourage and support them in achieving environmental sustainability, primarily related to using environmentally friendly materials in production. Full article

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7 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The In-Situ Epoxidation of Rubber Seed Oil (Hevea brasiliensis) by Peroxyacids

by Eni Budiyati, Auliya Rahmah and Nur Ahmad Fauzi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084003 - 22 Jan 2025

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Abstract

This paper adds to the sustainable materials field by in-situ epoxidation of rubber seed oil (RSO), a highly underutilized resource that has been sporadically used, using an optimized combination of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic/formic acid sulfuric acid. Most of the previous studies [...] Read more.

This paper adds to the sustainable materials field by in-situ epoxidation of rubber seed oil (RSO), a highly underutilized resource that has been sporadically used, using an optimized combination of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic/formic acid sulfuric acid. Most of the previous studies deal with more common vegetable oils, where the main focus in most is given to the epoxidation of these oils and their derivatives. The RSO contained a high iodine value around 135.36 g–I2/100 g. The central to this work is the systematic study of the oxirane number as a function of reaction temperature and the double bond:RCOOH:H₂O₂ molar ratios. By testing the temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C and three specific molar ratios (1:0.6:1.4, 1:1:2, and 1:1.5:3), this research not only found the optimal conditions for epoxidation but also gave valuable information on the reaction kinetics of rubber seed oil. The results showed that a temperature of 60 °C with a 1:1:2 molar ratio gave the highest oxirane number, especially with performic acid, which was 3.200 mmol/g. Then, overall, formic acid consistently outperforms acetic acid in terms of product yields, facilitating a more effective epoxidation process. Full article

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10 pages, 1225 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Compromise Parameters of Temperature, Light, and Noise in Confined Spaces on Work Duration and Number of Errors

by Nachnul Ansori, Fito Rolis Agung Pratama, Fitri Agustina, Issa Dyah Utami, Ernaning Widiaswanti and Rullie Annisa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084004 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

The physical work environment may affect worker productivity. This study simulated physical work environment parameters, such as temperature, light, and noise, in a confined space in relation to work duration and the number of errors. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale [...] Read more.

The physical work environment may affect worker productivity. This study simulated physical work environment parameters, such as temperature, light, and noise, in a confined space in relation to work duration and the number of errors. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale involving six operators of different genders. Results show a difference in work duration, while no difference existed in the number of errors. Female participants were better at assembly work than male participants were. On the other hand, based on the variance, light and noise affected the work duration of male operators, while temperature and noise influenced female operators. In contrast, tested parameters did not affect the number of errors. An interaction between temperature and light affected male operators. Finally, further tests showed that noise was the factor that had the most influence on participants’ responses. Full article

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10 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

R Analysis for Optimizing Enzymatic Saccharification of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind

by Wan Zafira Ezza Wan Zakaria, Khairunisa Yusof and Noor Aziah Serri

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084005 - 23 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Watermelon waste was chosen as the main material due to the abundance of discarded rinds and the widespread consumption of this fruit in Malaysia. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin within watermelon rinds, classified as lignocellulosic materials, underwent hydrolysis. This involved using cellulase and [...] Read more.

Watermelon waste was chosen as the main material due to the abundance of discarded rinds and the widespread consumption of this fruit in Malaysia. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin within watermelon rinds, classified as lignocellulosic materials, underwent hydrolysis. This involved using cellulase and auxiliary enzymes like hemicellulose and pectinase to convert polysaccharides into simple sugars, yielding valuable end products. Thus, R software optimized saccharification yield in watermelon rind enzymatic hydrolysis. Four parameters were studied: substrate loading (1–5 g), enzyme loading (5–85 U/mg), temperature (35–55 °C), and hydrolysis time (6–30 h). Preliminary screening showed each parameter significantly affected saccharification yield. A mathematical model predicting optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions was developed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The presented mathematical model exhibited a strong correlation between actual and predicted values, with a predicted R² value of 0.96%. Optimization led to conditions of 1.15 g substrate, 24.85 U/mg enzyme, 44.79 °C temperature, and 11.47 h hydrolysis time. Under these conditions, the actual saccharification yield of watermelon rind reached 70.72%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1342 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Comparative Study Using Two Types of Photobioreactor for Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae

by Noor Aziah Serri, Nur Hazwani Halmi, Mohd Asyraf Kassim and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084006 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Effective vessel design is crucial for the viability and practicality of microalgae cultivation, aiming for high biomass production. This study tested two different 5-litre vessel designs for cultivating Chlorella vulgaris, aiming to produce a high biomass and evaluate lipid production. The study [...] Read more.

Effective vessel design is crucial for the viability and practicality of microalgae cultivation, aiming for high biomass production. This study tested two different 5-litre vessel designs for cultivating Chlorella vulgaris, aiming to produce a high biomass and evaluate lipid production. The study varied pH medium (6.5–10.5), light intensity (200–1000 lux), and CO₂ concentrations (5–15%) to assess each reactor’s performance. The aerated vessel (tubular shape) produced 21.05% lipid concentration, while the fabricated vessel (oval shape) produced 20.14% at optimum conditions. The aerated vessel performed best at pH 10.5, 5% CO₂, and 1000 lux light intensity, whereas the fabricated vessel’s optimum conditions were pH 10.5, 15% CO₂, and a white LED system. The highest biomass was 0.432 g/L in aerated tubular vessels and 0.281 g/L in fabricated oval-shaped vessels. Both systems performed well and are suitable for further study with other microalgae types. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 4206 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Achieving Manufacturing Excellence Using Lean DMAIC

by Rindi Kusumawardani, Ana and Moses Laksono Singgih

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084007 - 23 Jan 2025

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Abstract

This paper explores the role of business process optimization in achieving manufacturing excellence in railway manufacturing through Lean principles and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It identifies key inefficiencies, such as waiting times, overproduction, and document errors, using the DMAIC method, along with Root [...] Read more.

This paper explores the role of business process optimization in achieving manufacturing excellence in railway manufacturing through Lean principles and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It identifies key inefficiencies, such as waiting times, overproduction, and document errors, using the DMAIC method, along with Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), to prioritize waste reduction. A significant 42.86% of activities were classified as non-value added, pointing to substantial opportunities for improvement. This study proposes key solutions, including the development of a shared database, streamlined procedures, and the alignment of targets with the Master Production Schedule to reduce waste and improve operational efficiency. These recommendations aim to foster manufacturing excellence by enhancing communication, process integration, and employee training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2239 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Village Road Geometric Design Using AutoCAD^® CIVIL 3D: The Case of Majalengka, Indonesia

by Renaldi Agustian, Andri Irfan Rifai, Arief Rijaluddin and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084008 - 24 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The latest technology to support geometric road planning must be implemented properly. Village road design using digital applications is believed to be able to produce the best planning. This paper aims to analyze the geometric planning of village roads using the AutoCAD^® [...] Read more.

The latest technology to support geometric road planning must be implemented properly. Village road design using digital applications is believed to be able to produce the best planning. This paper aims to analyze the geometric planning of village roads using the AutoCAD^® Civil 3D application. The data and planning location is on Village Road in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia. The research method used is to digitize manual planning using the AutoCAD application. The planning standard uses a combination of AASHTO and Indonesia Standard. The study results show that using AutoCAD^® Civil 3D for village road planning provides convenience, speed, and the best planning precision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 2197 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

HHO Gas Production Assessment for Different NaOH Concentrations and Electrode Plates Under Hydrostatic Pressure

by Ummi Kultsum, Cahyo Jawoto Anggoro, Dewi Mahyunani and Andi Ibrahim Soumi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084009 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Hydrogen generated through electrolysis is a feasible, sustainable energy source. HHO gas, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, is a clean and efficient energy source. The influence of NaOH electrolyte concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and electrode [...] Read more.

Hydrogen generated through electrolysis is a feasible, sustainable energy source. HHO gas, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, is a clean and efficient energy source. The influence of NaOH electrolyte concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and electrode plate numbers (2, 4, and 6) on HHO gas production and hydrostatic pressure will be examined in this study. Both NaOH concentration and electrode plate number increase HHO gas generation and hydrostatic pressure. A 10% NaOH concentration with six plates produced the most pressure and highest rate of hydrogen production. Full article

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9 pages, 1533 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Strategy for the Sustainable Development of the Bakery Industry in Medan City

by Tania Alda, Ahmad Shalihin, Chindy Elsanna Revadi, Fadylla Ramadhani Putri Nasution, Raja Ahsan Andifa, Natalia Sri Fifani Br Tarigan, Mhd Irsan, Andreas Pandapotan, Jasmine Meilani Halim and Ranti Widya Ningsih

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084010 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Medan City has excellent potential to develop small and medium industries. One of the industries that has potential is the bakery industry. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the small-scale bakery industry dominates by 86%. To create a competitive bakery [...] Read more.

Medan City has excellent potential to develop small and medium industries. One of the industries that has potential is the bakery industry. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the small-scale bakery industry dominates by 86%. To create a competitive bakery industry, the products must be varied, innovative, good quality, follow market needs, and follow the eco-friendly production process. Based on this, the right strategy is needed so that the bakery industry can develop and increase its competitiveness towards sustainability. This research aims to create a strategy design that the bakery industry can implement to improve competitiveness and productivity toward sustainability. Based on the IFE and EFE matrix results, the bakery industry in Medan City is in quadrant IV, namely in the growth and built position. The right strategy, namely a market penetration strategy, and also a strategy for product development, is required. Based on the results of the QSPM matrix, the strategy with the highest score was obtained, namely, improvement in production processes in the bakery industry through the efficient and eco-friendly production process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 2494 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Using Variations of Radiator Coolant on the Effectiveness of Engine Cooling and the Rate of Corrosion of Radiator Materials in 1300 cc Cars

by Rizki Dwi Ardika, Sudarno Sudarno, Kuntang Winangun, Chikal Singgih Pangesthu, Nur Rashid Mat Nuri and Marwan Effendy

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084011 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Engine coolant plays an important role in maintaining optimal engine performance, where it has good effectiveness and can prevent corrosion in the engine cooling system (radiator). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coolant variations (engine coolant) on the [...] Read more.

Engine coolant plays an important role in maintaining optimal engine performance, where it has good effectiveness and can prevent corrosion in the engine cooling system (radiator). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coolant variations (engine coolant) on the effectiveness of engine cooling (radiator) and to determine the effects of the coolants on the corrosion rate. To achieve this, coolant variations were used in the forms of mineral water, radiator coolant (prestone), and power coolant (TOP 1), which were applied at engine speeds of 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm. Temperature data collection at the coolant inlet and outlet was carried out every 10 min at different rpm. The corrosion rate test used the AA 3102 series aluminum radiator material, which was tested using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The results showed that the best coolant effectiveness value was found for the power coolant (TOP1). This is influenced by the ethylene glycol contained within it, which helps to accelerate the decrease in temperature in the engine. The lowest corrosion rate was found for the power coolant (TOP1), with a corrosion rate value of 0.0074480 mm/year. This is because the power coolant (TOP1) contains organic carboxylate rust inhibitors, which can inhibit corrosion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 2379 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Heating Rates on the NiAl Alloy Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

by Ridwan Ridwan, Sudarno Sudarno, Wahidin Nuriana and Rizal Arifin

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084012 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloys appear to be remarkably resistant to heat and corrosion, and are used in heat-treatment furnaces. This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structural characteristics of a nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloy at varying heating rates during the heating process. During [...] Read more.

Nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloys appear to be remarkably resistant to heat and corrosion, and are used in heat-treatment furnaces. This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structural characteristics of a nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloy at varying heating rates during the heating process. During the heating process, the temperature increases from 300 K to 4000 K, surpassing the melting point. The effect of the heating rate is varied at 93, 62, 46, and 37 K/ps. The findings indicate that both the potential energy and volume of the NiAl system rise as it undergoes heating. Moreover, at the temperature 4000 K, the local face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures in the NiAl exhibit variations depending on the heating rates. The results highlight the importance of accounting for heating rates in the structural evolution of NiAl showing their thermal behavior for high-temperature applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 3101 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Bibliometric Analysis of Risk Management and Sustainability in the Agri-Food Supply Chain: Future Directions

by Dhita Morita Ikasari, Mokh Suef and Iwan Vanany

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084013 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Sustainability issues often trigger risks that require systematic management. Risks associated with various sustainability factors in the supply chain are becoming more pertinent in many food industries because of growing concerns about food safety and quality. This paper aims to identify the development [...] Read more.

Sustainability issues often trigger risks that require systematic management. Risks associated with various sustainability factors in the supply chain are becoming more pertinent in many food industries because of growing concerns about food safety and quality. This paper aims to identify the development of research topics related to risk management and sustainability in agri-food supply chains and to identify future research opportunities related to these topics through bibliometric analysis. We analyzed 320 articles from the Scopus database to determine publication trends, the most productive journals, the largest publishers, and the most cited articles. We visualized this bibliometric analysis using VosViewer version 1.6.20. The analysis reveals that “sustainability” is the most frequently studied keyword, clustering together with “risk management”, “agri-food supply chain”, “circular economy”, “supply chain resilience”, “artificial intelligence”, and “blockchain”, indicating a close relationship between these topics. “Food supply chain” and “agri-food supply chain” are also topics that have emerged in the last few years. However, there are still a few authors who publish on this topic. The combination of these keywords offers a potential avenue for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Polylactic Acid (PLA) as Reinforcement for Jackfruit Seed Starch-Based Degradable Plastic

by Rozanna Dewi, Novi Sylvia and Medyan Riza

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084014 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

Synthetic plastics harm the environment, so finding better materials is important. Researchers have studied PLA and starch to replace non-degradable petrochemicals. This research uses jackfruit seed starch and PLA to make degradable plastics. The tensile strength of degradable plastics was 3.35–9.08 MPa. Tests [...] Read more.

Synthetic plastics harm the environment, so finding better materials is important. Researchers have studied PLA and starch to replace non-degradable petrochemicals. This research uses jackfruit seed starch and PLA to make degradable plastics. The tensile strength of degradable plastics was 3.35–9.08 MPa. Tests showed that the plastics were hydrophilic, meaning they bind to water and break down easily. The combination of the jackfruit seed starch with PLA-reinforced plastic had better thermal stability. Starch made the material swell more, while PLA made it swell less. Jackfruit seed starch-based plastics reinforced with PLA degraded in 52–56 days, meeting the ASTM 6400 standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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15 pages, 2613 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Correlation Between Friction Time, Rotational Speed, and Mechanical Properties in Aluminum-Based Friction Welding Processes

by Bibit Sugito, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agung Setyo Darmawan and Agus Hariyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084015 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

In friction welding, rotational speed is a critical parameter that influences the welding outcomes by interacting with time and temperature variables. This study investigates the effects of varying friction times on the microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of friction-welded aluminum alloys. The experiments [...] Read more.

In friction welding, rotational speed is a critical parameter that influences the welding outcomes by interacting with time and temperature variables. This study investigates the effects of varying friction times on the microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of friction-welded aluminum alloys. The experiments involved analyzing samples using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to assess elemental composition, alongside measuring hardness, stress, and strain values. Microstructural analysis revealed that a rotation duration of 7 s produced finer grain boundaries than those observed at 3 and 5 s, correlating with enhanced mechanical properties. At a rotational speed of 1450 rpm with a friction time of 3 s, the maximum stress and strain values reached 192.85 MPa and 19.48%, respectively. Increasing the friction time to 5 s resulted in a maximum stress of 196.60 MPa and a strain value of 17.50%, while at 7 s, the maximum stress reached 194.64 MPa with a strain of 17.66%. Findings indicate that prolonged friction time tends to increase material brittleness. Hardness testing at 1450 rpm revealed values of 73.59 VHN at 3 s, 70.23 VHN at 5 s, and 79.47 VHN at 7 s, with increased rotation time resulting in finer grain structure and improved hardness. SEM-EDS analysis across all conditions (3, 5, and 7 s) consistently identified aluminum (Al) as the primary elemental constituent, reflective of the base alloy composition. These results highlight the influence of friction time and rotational speed on the material’s microstructural integrity and mechanical performance in friction welding applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1970 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Implementation of an Instrumented Motorcycle for a Naturalistic Driving Study in Indonesia

by Winda Halim, Erwani Merry Sartika, Jearim Jauhari Jarden and Hardianto Iridiastadi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084016 - 28 Jan 2025

Abstract

Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country with a significant number of motorcycles, faces a high rate of motorcycle accidents, predominantly attributed to rider behavior. Various methods are available to study driver behavior, with the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) being one of the most advanced [...] Read more.

Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country with a significant number of motorcycles, faces a high rate of motorcycle accidents, predominantly attributed to rider behavior. Various methods are available to study driver behavior, with the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) being one of the most advanced approaches. This study employed a vehicle-based NDS method, utilizing an instrumented motorcycle equipped with sensors and cameras to capture detailed riding activities. These sensors recorded data such as speed, throttle position, brake and horn activation, turn signal usage, and motorcycle tilt. These data provided insights into rider behavior in response to surrounding traffic conditions. The purpose of this research was to transform an electric motorcycle into an instrumented motorcycle and designing experiments to collect relevant data. This innovative approach enabled detailed observation and analysis of motorcyclist behavior in Indonesia, contributing valuable insights for developing strategies to reduce motorcycle accidents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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15 pages, 2406 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Supporting Sustainable Workforce Management for Worker Illness Absence Through Predictive Analytics

by Ida Lumintu and Achmad Maududie

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084017 - 28 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study aimed to predict employee sickness absence, vital for sustainable workforce management and organizational productivity. Despite its importance, gaps exist in using advanced machine learning for this purpose. This research developed and validated models—Gradient Boosting, CatBoost, and Random Forest—focused on predictors like [...] Read more.

This study aimed to predict employee sickness absence, vital for sustainable workforce management and organizational productivity. Despite its importance, gaps exist in using advanced machine learning for this purpose. This research developed and validated models—Gradient Boosting, CatBoost, and Random Forest—focused on predictors like health conditions, mental well-being, and work stress. Using a factory worker dataset, this study conducted feature engineering, causal inference, and model performance evaluation. Random Forest proved especially effective in predicting absence, with key factors including recent performance and health. The findings support targeted interventions and efficient resource allocation, promoting sustainable business practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 4780 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development and Performance Analysis of Coconut Coir Waste-Based Recycle Papers for Cooling Pad Applications

by Agus Dwi Anggono, Agung Setyo Darmawan and Agus Yulianto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084018 - 28 Jan 2025

Abstract

Paper is an essential material in daily life, yet its widespread use contributes significantly to waste, which poses environmental hazards. In Indonesia, paper waste is one of the most substantial types of solid waste. Recycling waste paper into new, usable products offers both [...] Read more.

Paper is an essential material in daily life, yet its widespread use contributes significantly to waste, which poses environmental hazards. In Indonesia, paper waste is one of the most substantial types of solid waste. Recycling waste paper into new, usable products offers both environmental and economic benefits. This study investigates the tensile strength, tearing strength, and microstructure of recycled paper produced using 70 g HVS waste paper, coconut husk fibers, NaOH as a chemical treatment, and tapioca powder as an adhesive. NaOH concentrations were varied at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% to assess their effects on the mechanical properties of the recycled paper. Results from tensile strength tests indicated that the highest tensile strength, 2.2774 MPa, was achieved with a 6% NaOH concentration, while the lowest tensile strength, 1.1065 MPa, was observed at a 4% NaOH concentration. Tearing strength tests showed that the highest tearing strength of 2.6145 MPa was obtained with a 4% NaOH concentration, whereas the lowest tearing strength of 1.8481 MPa was observed at an 8% NaOH concentration. Microstructural analysis of the fracture and tear zones revealed non-uniform fiber pullout, highlighting the influence of NaOH concentration on fiber bonding. These findings provide insights into optimizing NaOH concentration for improved mechanical properties in recycled paper products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 2659 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Mitigation Analysis for Tofu Production Process to Minimize Product Defects Using House of Risk Approach

by Hadi Susanto, Sheila Amalia Salma and Hanifa Rahmani

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084019 - 28 Jan 2025

Abstract

Enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing systems requires reducing product defects through effective management of risks that impact product quality. A crucial component in minimizing defects is the adoption of robust risk management strategy. This study examines risk mitigation in the tofu production process [...] Read more.

Enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing systems requires reducing product defects through effective management of risks that impact product quality. A crucial component in minimizing defects is the adoption of robust risk management strategy. This study examines risk mitigation in the tofu production process to reduce product defects, by employing the House of Risk (HOR) framework to prioritize mitigation efforts. Data were collected through observations, in depth interviews, and focus group discussions, following the two-step HOR methodology. The analysis identified 12 risk events and seven risk agents, along with six prioritized mitigation strategies, based on the Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) ranking of the identified risk agents. The highest-priority strategy involves developing standardized work instructions for the tofu production process. This study offers practical insights for companies seeking to lower defect rates, thereby supporting the sustainability of their manufacturing systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 2544 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microstructural and Mechanical Analysis of Aluminum Joints Under Varying Rotational Speeds in Friction Welding with Post-Quenching

by Bibit Sugito, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agung Setyo Darmawan and Agus Hariyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084020 - 29 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study examines the effects of rotational speed and post-weld quenching on aluminum friction-welded joints’ microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties. Tests were conducted at rotational speeds of 1250 rpm, 1350 rpm, and 1450 rpm, with elemental composition assessed via SEM–EDS, and the hardness [...] Read more.

This study examines the effects of rotational speed and post-weld quenching on aluminum friction-welded joints’ microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties. Tests were conducted at rotational speeds of 1250 rpm, 1350 rpm, and 1450 rpm, with elemental composition assessed via SEM–EDS, and the hardness and mechanical properties were measured. The results showed that aluminum (Al) was the primary element in all samples. Hardness increased with rotational speed, reaching 70 VHN at 1250 rpm, 80 VHN at 1350 rpm, and 81 VHN at 1450 rpm. The highest stress was recorded at 1350 rpm, with the lowest at 1450 rpm. The aluminum joints exhibited high stress and strain values, confirming their ductile nature. These findings highlight the significant influence of rotational speed and quenching on friction-welded aluminum’s microstructural and mechanical behavior, providing insights for optimizing welding parameters for improved material performance in industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 823 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dual Collection Channels Under a Carbon Tax Scheme in CLSC: Decentralized vs. Alliance

by Nur Layli Rachmawati and Chung-Chi Hsieh

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084021 - 27 Jan 2025

Abstract

This paper compares dual collection mode strategies under carbon tax regulation: (1) a decentralized strategy when both manufacturer and retailer collect EoL independently and they determine their pricing and collection decision separately and (2) an alliance strategy by incorporating backward integration, when manufacturer [...] Read more.

This paper compares dual collection mode strategies under carbon tax regulation: (1) a decentralized strategy when both manufacturer and retailer collect EoL independently and they determine their pricing and collection decision separately and (2) an alliance strategy by incorporating backward integration, when manufacturer and retailer make an alliance to recycle EoL but their pricing decisions are determined independently. The results show that the alliance strategy performs better in terms of total supply chain profit. Performing alliances benefits the manufacturer and supply chain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 6349 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhancing Hydrophilicity and Efficiency of PVC-Based Nanofiber Membranes by Adding PEG, Chitosan, and Silver Nanoparticles for Water Filtration

by Harini Sosiati, Lambang Prabowo Iqbal Hanafi, Kasyi Ridha Takiyudin, Sabtanti Harimurti and Yusmaniar Yusmaniar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084022 - 29 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study aims to investigate PVC-based nanofiber membranes added with PEG, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles (CSNPs and AgNPs) to improve their hydrophilicity and filtration efficiency. The nanofiber membranes were fabricated by an electrospinning technique. All nanofiber membranes were subjected to a tensile test [...] Read more.

This study aims to investigate PVC-based nanofiber membranes added with PEG, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles (CSNPs and AgNPs) to improve their hydrophilicity and filtration efficiency. The nanofiber membranes were fabricated by an electrospinning technique. All nanofiber membranes were subjected to a tensile test according to the ASTM D882 standard and water contact angle (WCA) measurement. SEM was used to examine nanofiber morphology. Adding PEG to PVC increased hydrophilicity, lowering the water contact angle from 135° to 83°, while adding CSNPs and AgNPs to PEG/PVC slightly decreased it. The inclusion of these nanoparticles improved membrane tensile strength. In filtration tests, 0.5% AgNPs/PEG/PVC worked better against Colitinja bacteria than the CSNP variant. However, both types of nanoparticles were equally effective at inhibiting E. coli. These results indicate that 0.5% CSNP/PEG/PVC and 0.5% AgNPs/PEG/PVC membranes are promising for antibacterial water filtration applications due to their hydrophilic and durable properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 1628 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Systematic Review of Sustainable Materials for Railway Activity Noise Barriers in Indonesia

by Willy Anastasya Ilonka, Dewi Handayani and Koosdaryani Soeryodarundio

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084023 - 29 Jan 2025

Abstract

Transportation is a major contributor to environmental noise pollution, which has significant health impacts, including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, hypertension, sleep disturbances, and mental health issues. Various countries have established stringent noise standards and implemented a range of mitigation techniques, with noise barriers [...] Read more.

Transportation is a major contributor to environmental noise pollution, which has significant health impacts, including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, hypertension, sleep disturbances, and mental health issues. Various countries have established stringent noise standards and implemented a range of mitigation techniques, with noise barriers being among the most effective. Recent studies emphasize using sustainable materials to minimize the environmental impact. This study systematically evaluates sustainable materials for railway noise barriers in Indonesia, focusing on bamboo due to its promising properties. Bamboo emerges as a promising material, with a maximum absorption coefficient of 0.95 at frequencies above 3500 Hz, demonstrating a high noise absorption efficiency. Bamboo offers dual benefits: effective noise reduction and alignment with sustainable development goals by utilizing a renewable, eco-friendly resource. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementation of Green Infrastructure in Sustainable Transportation in Supporting Urban Mobility: A Literature Review

by Aditya Restu Hapriyanto and Hafidzul Azmi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084025 - 30 Jan 2025

Abstract

This research explores the implementation of green infrastructure in supporting sustainable transportation systems to improve urban mobility in big cities. The background of this research is based on the need to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation sector, which contributes significantly to [...] Read more.

This research explores the implementation of green infrastructure in supporting sustainable transportation systems to improve urban mobility in big cities. The background of this research is based on the need to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation sector, which contributes significantly to carbon emissions and air pollution, especially in dense urban areas. Green infrastructure, such as bicycle lanes, pedestrian-friendly sidewalks, and green open spaces, has been proven to have a positive impact in reducing pollution and improving people’s quality of life. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of green infrastructure can support sustainable transportation and improve the quality of mobility in urban areas, with a focus on case studies of cities such as Copenhagen, Amsterdam, and Singapore, and large cities in Indonesia, including Bandung. Using the literature review method, this research analyzes various reports, journal articles, and statistical data from previous studies regarding the impact of green infrastructure in reducing emissions and promoting environmentally friendly transportation. The results of the discussion show that the implementation of green infrastructure provides various benefits, such as reducing carbon emissions, improving public health, and creating a more comfortable urban environment. Large cities in Europe and Asia have been pioneers in implementing this system, while in Indonesia, cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung have begun to adopt similar concepts with some success, although they still face various challenges. In conclusion, green infrastructure is an important element in sustainable city development that not only improves mobility but also the overall quality of life of society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

11 pages, 3826 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of a 40-Story Office Building Combining a Post Tensioned Flat Slab with Separated Gravity Lateral Resisting Implementation

by Alexandra Patricia Andriani, Jessica Sjah, Indra Nurudin Fathoni and Nuraziz Handika

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084026 - 30 Jan 2025

Abstract

Compared to other countries, the adoption of post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) in Indonesia is relatively limited due to the susceptibility of flat slab to lateral forces. Nevertheless, flat slabs in high seismic zones scan still be achieved by utilizing the separated gravity lateral [...] Read more.

Compared to other countries, the adoption of post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) in Indonesia is relatively limited due to the susceptibility of flat slab to lateral forces. Nevertheless, flat slabs in high seismic zones scan still be achieved by utilizing the separated gravity lateral resisting (SGLR) system. This study analyzes a 40-story office building by comparing the structural response, volume, and cost of PTFS with conventional structures. The findings reveal that PTFSs exhibit greater story drift and displacement but experience reduced story shear and overturning moments with a reduction in concrete volume of up to 10% and a 6% decrease in overall costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1035 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Conceptual Framework for Halal Supply Chain Traceability and Food Safety in Indonesia Based on Blockchain Technology and Internet of Things to Support Sustainable Development

by Miftakhurrizal Kurniawan, Suparno Suparno and Iwan Vanany

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084027 - 31 Jan 2025

Abstract

Halal supply chain traceability and food safety are critical issues in the food industry, especially in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world. This study aims to develop a halal supply chain traceability and food safety model based on Blockchain [...] Read more.

Halal supply chain traceability and food safety are critical issues in the food industry, especially in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world. This study aims to develop a halal supply chain traceability and food safety model based on Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) that can improve transparency, efficiency, consumer trust in food products, and support sustainable development. This study proposes a conceptual framework for a halal supply chain traceability and food safety model based on Blockchain and IoT technologies. This model is expected to help Indonesia address issues related to halal assurance and food safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 2751 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sustainable Industrial Approaches: Utilizing Organic Acid for Purity Enhancement in Green Silica Production

by Aulia Cahyani and Purwanto Purwanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084029 - 31 Jan 2025

Abstract

Green silica synthesis from rice husk ash represents a viable solution for promoting environmental sustainability in industrial applications. Conventional silica produced in industrial processes is often crystalline and carcinogenic, posing significant health risks to humans and environmental hazards. In this study, the production [...] Read more.

Green silica synthesis from rice husk ash represents a viable solution for promoting environmental sustainability in industrial applications. Conventional silica produced in industrial processes is often crystalline and carcinogenic, posing significant health risks to humans and environmental hazards. In this study, the production of high-purity green silica was achieved through the application of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and tartaric acid (C₄H₆O₆) as chelating agents to effectively remove impurities. Acid leaching was performed with varying temperatures (25 °C and 75 °C) and durations (1 and 2 h). The results revealed green silica achieved SiO₂ purity of 92.21%, with the complete removal of MgO, P₂O₅, TiO₂, and CaO. The amorphous phase content is notably at 61.26%. Morphological analysis and surface area characterization confirmed an average adsorption pore size of 28.87 nm and a uniform pore size distribution of green silica in the 35–50 nm range. The surface properties and pore characteristics of the synthesized green silica meet the specifications for mesoporous silica, making it suitable for industrial purposes. This method highlights a potential alternative pathway and promotes the adoption of safe and environmentally benign chemicals, contributing to both material innovation and environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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Bidentate ligands in organic acids which bind with metal impurities. Full article ">Figure 2
The formation process of Na2SiO3 from RHA extraction using alkali. Full article ">Figure 3
Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution during the aging process at (A) pH 13 and (B) pH 7. Full article ">Figure 4
Amorphous and crystalline phase ratio analysis using X-Ray Diffraction. Full article ">Figure 5
SEM image of pore-shaped analysis of silica products: (A) rice husk ash (RHA), (B) best silica sample (CH3COOH, 28 °C, 2 h), (C) best silica sample (C4H6O6, 28 °C, 2 h) at 3000× Magnification. Full article ">Figure 6
Particle size distribution and pore characteristics by BET–SAA. Full article ">Figure 7
(a) Adsorption–desorption isotherm curve; and (b) BJH adsorption. Full article ">

16 pages, 2326 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quality Control Analysis in the Production of Decorative Resin Lamps Using the Six Sigma and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis Methods

by Arinda Soraya Putri, Adhimsa Arrizal Salam, Ahmad Kholid Al Ghofari and Siti Nandiroh

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084030 - 31 Jan 2025

Abstract

A creative industry company producing resin-based decorative lamps is facing quality issues due to production defects. This study applied the Six Sigma and FMEA methods to identify controls, analyze causes, and propose improvements. Six Sigma reduces defects using the DMAIC approach, while FMEA [...] Read more.

A creative industry company producing resin-based decorative lamps is facing quality issues due to production defects. This study applied the Six Sigma and FMEA methods to identify controls, analyze causes, and propose improvements. Six Sigma reduces defects using the DMAIC approach, while FMEA assesses risks through the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The analysis showed a DPMO of 14,587.89 and a sigma level of 3.7, aligning with industry standards in Indonesia. Key defects included bubbles (57%), uneven surfaces (24%), and cracks (19%). Suggested improvements included training, production evaluations, rotary casting tools, safety measures, and enhanced cleanliness in the sanding area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1066 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Female Consumer Preferences Toward Female Online Ojek Applications: A Conjoint Analysis

by Retno Indriartiningtias, Sabarudin Akhmad, Sirlya Shofa and Samsul Amar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084031 - 4 Feb 2025

Abstract

Motorcycles are widely used vehicles in Indonesia, not only as private vehicles but also for public transportation. Currently, there are many applications that help customers to use motorbikes as public transportation and are known as “online ojek” applications. Although there have been many [...] Read more.

Motorcycles are widely used vehicles in Indonesia, not only as private vehicles but also for public transportation. Currently, there are many applications that help customers to use motorbikes as public transportation and are known as “online ojek” applications. Although there have been many online ojek applications used by the public, there is no online ojek application specifically for women. This study uses the conjoint method to determine the attributes of female consumer preferences for online ojek applications so that further studies the result of this study as a reference for developing female online ojek applications. With a sample size of 130 respondents, the combination of attributes is formed using fractional factorial design. This study produces eight attributes and levels that are most desired by consumers: (1) colourless, 3D supporting icons with, (2) a primary application colour of pink, (3) button shapes with blunt rectangles, (4) bold text for the level selected in the thick and thin text design, (5) application menu containing homepage, promo, order, chat, profile, thick and thin text, (6) Indonesian application language, (7) payment menu containing accumulated prices and accumulated minutes and (8) 3D and colourful icons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1341 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Variables Affecting Reference Block Equivalency Process Using Ndt Ultrasonic Method

by Rizka Natasya Maharani, Alaya Fadllu Hadi Mukhmad, Wiji Mangestiyono, Sutrisno and Ghifar Maulana

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084032 - 6 Feb 2025

Abstract

Non-destructive testing (NDT) aims to assess components without compromising their functionality by identifying internal defects. Ultrasonic testing, a key NDT method, uses sound waves (0.5–20 MHz) to detect imperfections and requires tool calibration with reference blocks for accuracy. This study focuses on ultrasonic [...] Read more.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) aims to assess components without compromising their functionality by identifying internal defects. Ultrasonic testing, a key NDT method, uses sound waves (0.5–20 MHz) to detect imperfections and requires tool calibration with reference blocks for accuracy. This study focuses on ultrasonic techniques and the equivalence of tool calibration and parameter adjustments. It involves selecting a reference block for testing and comparing it to a standard reference. The ultrasonic instrument checks if the alternate block produces a signal equivalent to the standard. Results showed a full screen length (FSL) difference, highlighting factors affecting reference block equivalence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 643 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Construction Safety Risk Assessment for Underground Structures in Military Hospital Projects Using Activity-Based Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

by Pungky Dharma Saputra, Muhammad Hamzah Fansuri, Anasya Arsita Laksmi, M Ragil and Madeline Nauli Basa Simbolon

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084033 - 5 Feb 2025

Abstract

The Indonesian government is currently focusing on infrastructure development, including military infrastructure to strengthen national defense. One of these projects is the development of the Indonesian Army Central Hospital, which is being continually expanded with facilities such as proton beam therapy. Due to [...] Read more.

The Indonesian government is currently focusing on infrastructure development, including military infrastructure to strengthen national defense. One of these projects is the development of the Indonesian Army Central Hospital, which is being continually expanded with facilities such as proton beam therapy. Due to its underground construction, special attention must be given to construction safety to prevent workplace accidents. This study focuses on assessing construction safety risks at the military hospital using activity-based failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). The research methodology employed is a mixed-method approach involving 5 construction safety experts and 100 respondents directly involved in underground structure construction. Descriptive data analysis was conducted, serving as the basis for calculating risk priority numbers (RPN) using the FMEA method. Three main activities were identified with very high risks ranked from 1 to 10: lifting of contiguous pile casing, basement excavation, and installation of cast in situ bored pile gutter. These activities entail safety risks with RPN values ranging from 100 to 125, including worker’s hands being caught in tools/materials, being struck by tools/materials, falling/slipping into excavations, and being buried/struck by excavated soil. This research has positive implications as a reference for developing construction safety plans that include risk identification, risk assessment, and determination of control measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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18 pages, 10076 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of Dynamic Vibration Absorber on Ambulance Stretchers Using the Genetic Algorithm Method Based on ISO 2631 Standards

by Anandika Parwata and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084034 - 5 Feb 2025

Abstract

Ambulances play a crucial role in patient transportation and are often subjected to rapid accelerations, decelerations, and maneuvering. These dynamics can cause vibrations and instability, significantly impacting patient comfort and safety. This research aims to enhance patient comfort by implementing a dynamic vibration [...] Read more.

Ambulances play a crucial role in patient transportation and are often subjected to rapid accelerations, decelerations, and maneuvering. These dynamics can cause vibrations and instability, significantly impacting patient comfort and safety. This research aims to enhance patient comfort by implementing a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) system on the stretcher of an ambulance. The DVA incorporates additional mass connected through a damping system to reduce pitching and bouncing effects, improving comfort levels according to ISO 2631 standards. The optimization of parameters such as the distance between the stretcher’s center of gravity and the DVA, spring constants, damping coefficients, and mass is carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA). By using a half-car model and sinusoidal road profiles, this study simulates and analyzes the impact of DVA on reducing vibrations. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in patient comfort and safety during ambulance transport. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2553 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Analysis on FGH Terminal Using Importance Index and Bowtie Analysis Methods

by Mirga Maulana Rachmadhani, Mardhiah Gani, Aprisa Rian Histiarini and Oki Febiyani Amalia Tuankotta

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084035 - 5 Feb 2025

Abstract

FGH terminal is an operator that provides container services with an integrated and standardized network system. Activities at the FGH terminal have a high risk. There are accidents of workers being hit by trucks carrying containers, trucks crashing into road dividers, trucks crashing [...] Read more.

FGH terminal is an operator that provides container services with an integrated and standardized network system. Activities at the FGH terminal have a high risk. There are accidents of workers being hit by trucks carrying containers, trucks crashing into road dividers, trucks crashing into electric poles, container damage, and even death. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a risk analysis to reduce the risk or even eliminate the existing risks. Risk analysis using the Importance Index (IMPI) method is carried out to assess risks by calculating the Frequency Index and Severity Index values, identifying the causes and consequences of risks that are classified as significant, analyzing the causes and impacts of risks and preventive actions and recovery actions from existing risks, and then will be described in a bowtie diagram. Based on risk identification, there are three variables: machine or equipment, human and environmental variables, and 45 indicators. Risk assessment using the IMPI method found 4 risks classified as significant, 12 risks classified as moderate, and 29 low categories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1613 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Priority Number Measurement for Construction Safety Risks in Upper Structure Projects of Military Airbase Hangars Based on Activity

by Madeline Nauli Basa Simbolon, Pungky Dharma Saputra and M Ragil

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084036 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

Aircraft hangars are essential in the aviation industry, providing crucial maintenance and protection for aviation assets. However, constructing these upper structures involves significant safety risks. Due to the complexity of upper structure construction, it is vital to prioritize safety to prevent workplace accidents. [...] Read more.

Aircraft hangars are essential in the aviation industry, providing crucial maintenance and protection for aviation assets. However, constructing these upper structures involves significant safety risks. Due to the complexity of upper structure construction, it is vital to prioritize safety to prevent workplace accidents. Ensuring construction safety is not only crucial for operational efficiency but also aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8) and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9). This study assesses the safety risks associated with hangar construction using activity-based failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). A mixed-method approach is adopted, incorporating insights from five construction safety experts and data from 100 individuals directly involved in the upper structure construction of the spaceframe hangar. Descriptive data analysis was employed to establish the foundation for computing risk priority numbers (RPNs) using the FMEA technique. Three primary activities were identified as having extremely high risks: workers falling from heights during the lifting and erection of the space frame, workers falling from heights during basement excavation while installing floor slab formwork, and workers falling from heights during the casting of floor slabs. These activities present safety risks with RPN values ranging from 64 to 100, including incidents of workers falling from heights and being struck by materials. This study serves as a crucial reference for formulating construction safety plans that encompass risk identification, assessment, and control measures. The findings provide essential insights into various safety hazards in construction projects, particularly those related to military infrastructure. By identifying and assessing these risks, the research facilitates the development of more effective and comprehensive safety protocols. Implementing the recommended control measures ensures a proactive approach to mitigating potential accidents and injuries. Consequently, this research contributes to academic knowledge and enhances safety standards and practices within the construction industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1512 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring Children’s Preferences in Water Transportation: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Andri Irfan Rifai, Siti Tasyah, Yusra Aulia Sari and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084037 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

The transportation choices of children commuting to school significantly impact their quality of life and safety. This study focuses on the unique aspect of water transportation, which is prevalent in various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis of 1000 research papers using Publish [...] Read more.

The transportation choices of children commuting to school significantly impact their quality of life and safety. This study focuses on the unique aspect of water transportation, which is prevalent in various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis of 1000 research papers using Publish or Perish and VOSViewer, we explore the critical factors influencing children’s preferences and experiences with water transport. The findings highlight that understanding these preferences is essential for developing safer and more efficient modes of water-based transportation. By addressing the specific challenges school-aged children face, this research aims to inform the design and implementation of improved water transport solutions, ultimately enhancing their well-being and security. This study underscores the importance of tailored transportation strategies in creating a safer and more supportive environment for children navigating their daily commutes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2331 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of the Use of Fly Ash Variations as a Partial Cement Substitute for Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Mixtures

by Mochamad Solikin, Gilang Arwiyan Ahmad Izutholibin, Nur Khotimah Handayani and Yenny Nurchasanah

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084038 - 5 Feb 2025

Abstract

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a relatively stiff concrete mixture generally designed with a zero-slump value and compacted with a vibratory roller. It is commonly used in pavement construction. To reduce the utilization of cement, this study employs fly ash at variations of [...] Read more.

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a relatively stiff concrete mixture generally designed with a zero-slump value and compacted with a vibratory roller. It is commonly used in pavement construction. To reduce the utilization of cement, this study employs fly ash at variations of 0%, 40%, and 50% as cement replacements to study fresh concrete’s workability and the hardened concrete’s mechanical properties. The workability of fresh concrete coming from the vebe test result shows that all the mixtures, according to Brownsville TX, meet the workability criteria as RCC. Moreover, it is concluded that using fly ash as a partial replacement for cement has a positive impact on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 231 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Recent Facial Image Preprocessing Techniques: A Review

by Rendra Soekarta and Ku Ruhana Ku-Mahamud

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084039 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

This review analyzes recent advancements in facial recognition and classification algorithms, emphasizing the critical role of preprocessing techniques in enhancing the algorithms’ accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. Facial image preprocessing is a critical step in various applications, including facial recognition, emotion detection, and biometric [...] Read more.

This review analyzes recent advancements in facial recognition and classification algorithms, emphasizing the critical role of preprocessing techniques in enhancing the algorithms’ accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. Facial image preprocessing is a critical step in various applications, including facial recognition, emotion detection, and biometric authentication. Preprocessing methods including normalization, noise reduction, illumination correction, alignment, resolution enhancement, data augmentation, and edge detection are essential for improving image quality and standardizing facial features in improving facial image quality. The review explores the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques across different facial datasets. The ongoing refinement of preprocessing techniques will be pivotal in advancing facial recognition, classification, and other image-based tasks. Finally, this paper provides insights into the future directions of research. As the demand for more robust, fair, and efficient systems grows, developing domain-specific preprocessing methods and adopting cutting-edge artificial intelligence technologies will be vital to meet the challenges of increasingly complex applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

9 pages, 7923 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study on Design Innovation of Three-Dimensional Calligraphy Products Through Integrated Reverse Engineering and CNC Machining Techniques

by Ahmad Amin Azmi Jaludin and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084040 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

This paper presents an alternative method of producing 3D calligraphy products that have been created using integrated modern technologies, specifically reverse engineering and CNC machining. Traditionally, calligraphy is performed by hand on any suitable medium, such as on a wall or even on [...] Read more.

This paper presents an alternative method of producing 3D calligraphy products that have been created using integrated modern technologies, specifically reverse engineering and CNC machining. Traditionally, calligraphy is performed by hand on any suitable medium, such as on a wall or even on wood, which has drawbacks, i.e., it is time consuming and requires an original drawing or blueprint. To address these drawbacks, this new method utilizes integrated reverse engineering and CNC machining techniques to produce 3D calligraphy products without the need for an original drawing or blueprint, significantly reducing time consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 1148 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Partial Purification of Bacillus cereus Enzyme Expression for Bio-Pulping of Lignin Degraders Isolated from Coptotermus curvignathus

by Sharfina Mutia Syarifah, Ashuvila Mohd Aripin, Nadiah Ishak, Nosa Septiana Anindita, Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab and Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084041 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

Despite extensive research on Bacillus sp. as lignin degraders, the enzyme mechanisms involved, particularly in Bacillus cereus isolated from termite guts, remain unclear. In this study, the selected Bacillus cereus was fermented to extract the lignin-degrading enzymes to identify the enzymes responsible for [...] Read more.

Despite extensive research on Bacillus sp. as lignin degraders, the enzyme mechanisms involved, particularly in Bacillus cereus isolated from termite guts, remain unclear. In this study, the selected Bacillus cereus was fermented to extract the lignin-degrading enzymes to identify the enzymes responsible for lignin degradation using the sample substrate empty fruit bunch (EFB) as their sole carbon source. After 7 days of submerged fermentation (SmF), the crude enzyme was extracted, and SDS-PAGE gel was used to determine the weight of the proteins, and bands with sizes of 20 kDa–97 kDa were extracted for further analysis. The extracted proteins were partially characterized and sequenced using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The results identified 11 enzymes that are responsible for lignin degradation, such as 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA), amidohydrolase, chemotaxis protein, serine hydrolase, GMC family protein, glycosyltransferase, phosphate binding protein PstS, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, heme peroxidase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase. The value of the mutual relationships between all the enzymes in Bacillus cereus indicates the synergistic mechanism under carbon scrutinization. Also, the peptides sequenced in this study identified various uncharacterized proteins and hypothetical proteins that might not be discovered for their protein functions. Further analysis is essential to uncover more lignin degradation enzymes that can work synergically for paper and pulp bioprocessing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 933 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Review: Vibration Caused by Transportation

by Alan Riski Rio Ardian, Dewi Handayani and Ahmad Marzuki

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084042 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

The increasing demand for transportation has led to a significant rise in vibration levels, posing substantial risks to infrastructure, human health, and quality of life. This study reviews the literature on transportation-induced vibrations, with a particular focus on railway vibrations, which are identified [...] Read more.

The increasing demand for transportation has led to a significant rise in vibration levels, posing substantial risks to infrastructure, human health, and quality of life. This study reviews the literature on transportation-induced vibrations, with a particular focus on railway vibrations, which are identified as the most intense due to their operational weight and speed. The vibrations can cause structural damage, disrupt community well-being, and lead to health issues. A systematic literature review employing defined search strategies and inclusion criteria was conducted to assess the causes and effects of these vibrations. The findings highlight the need for regular monitoring and evaluation of vibration levels, as well as the implementation of effective engineering solutions and urban planning strategies to mitigate their impact. The study also notes gaps in current regulatory measures, emphasizes the need for improvements and developments in this area. Overall, addressing transportation vibrations requires a holistic approach that integrates robust monitoring systems, urban planning, and the adoption of international vibration standards to ensure the longevity of infrastructure and enhance community well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 3396 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell

by Naruebet Khammongkhon, Phanuwat Niropas, Chanikan Pomusa and Bandit Suksawat

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084043 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to conventional dynamometers. The [...] Read more.

This study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to conventional dynamometers. The primary structure utilizes a cantilever concept, in which cutting forces induce deformation, compressing strategically positioned load cells. A 300 kgf load cell measures the main cutting force, while a 100 kgf load cell detects the feed force. Additionally, a 20 kgf load cell measures the radial force through a sliding tool holder mechanism. Finite element analysis was employed to optimize the dynamometer’s parameters, striking a balance between maximum deflection and structural integrity. The optimized design achieved a safety factor of 4.377, with maximum deflections of 8.81 µm and 9.89 µm for the main cutting and feed force measurements, respectively. Static calibration of the load cells demonstrated robust correlations between voltage and force, with the coefficient of determination (R²) values exceeding 0.999. The system’s precision was evaluated through cutting experiments on mild steel of varying depths (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mm) and feed rates (0.105, 0.150, 0.210 mm/rev). The experimental results indicate that the main cutting force consistently exceeded feed and radial forces across all conditions. The system exhibited high precision, with relative standard deviation (RSD) percentages below 5% on average and not exceeding 7.5% in individual experiments. This modular dynamometer design offers a flexible, precise, and cost-effective solution for cutting force measurement in turning operations. Its modularity facilitates easy maintenance and adaptation to various cutting conditions, rendering the developed modular turning dynamometer suitable for both research and industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 3842 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Preliminary Study on Computer Aided Process Planning for Generating Additive Manufacturing Products via 3D/4D/5D Printing

by Izzah Nadhilah Ilias and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084044 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

This paper presents an integrated CAD/CAM system that can be used for Computer Aided Process Planning to interact or automate 3D/4D/5D printing process towards Industry 5.0. By creating a new algorithm, macro is developed that has the capability to determine any suitable type [...] Read more.

This paper presents an integrated CAD/CAM system that can be used for Computer Aided Process Planning to interact or automate 3D/4D/5D printing process towards Industry 5.0. By creating a new algorithm, macro is developed that has the capability to determine any suitable type of printing process whether 3D, 4D or 5D printing for generating Additive Manufacturing products. The methodology of this study is focused starting from designing 3D CAD models for Additive Manufacturing products until generating 3D/4D/5D printing process planning by a creation of macro. The algorithm is tested by printing simulations from 3D printing extended up to 5D printing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 8168 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Analysis of Boring Bar Vibration Response in Internal Turning with Spherical Mass–Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorber (MR-DVA)

by Aufa Ulin Nuha and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084045 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

Vibration control in boring processes is essential to ensure machining accuracy and stability. This study analyzed the vibration response of a boring bar fitted with a combination of three pairs of spherical Mass–Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (MR-DVAs) with different stiffness constants during internal [...] Read more.

Vibration control in boring processes is essential to ensure machining accuracy and stability. This study analyzed the vibration response of a boring bar fitted with a combination of three pairs of spherical Mass–Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (MR-DVAs) with different stiffness constants during internal turning operations on a lathe machine. A customized boring bar with an internal cavity designed to house the spherical MR-DVA was employed. Modal analysis was performed using ANSYS software version 19.2 to determine natural frequencies, which were then applied in harmonic response simulations to analyze vibration behavior under an excitation force derived from cutting parameters including spindle speed, federate, and depth of cut. The dynamic response was evaluated in three axes (axial, tangential, and radial), highlighting the effectiveness of different rubber combinations. The results demonstrated that the integration of the spherical MR-DVA significantly reduced vibration amplitudes. These findings contribute to optimizing vibration control in deep-hole boring applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 804 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementing Image Processing for Quality Inspection of Car Air Conditioning Vents

by Hong Zhuang Yuan, Kamarul Hawari Ghazali, Adyanata Lubis, Sunardi Sunardi, Budi Yanto and Samra Urooj Khan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084046 - 7 Feb 2025

Abstract

Quality inspection in the manufacturing of car air conditioning vents has traditionally relied on human operators, a process prone to subjectivity, inconsistency, and inefficiency due to factors like fatigue and human error. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an automated quality inspection [...] Read more.

Quality inspection in the manufacturing of car air conditioning vents has traditionally relied on human operators, a process prone to subjectivity, inconsistency, and inefficiency due to factors like fatigue and human error. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an automated quality inspection system using image processing techniques to detect defects such as missing parts and scratches. Using MATLAB, the system integrates image acquisition, enhancement, segmentation, and defect analysis for consistent and accurate inspection. Images are captured under controlled lighting with optimal camera positioning to minimize distortion, and preprocessing techniques such as contrast adjustment, morphological operations, and adaptive thresholding are applied to refine image quality and highlight defects. Extensive validation of the system demonstrated over 90% accuracy in defect detection, particularly when vent positions and angles were fixed. This study highlights the potential of combining image processing and machine vision to improve quality control processes in the automotive industry, offering a reliable alternative to traditional manual inspections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 406 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Mental Health Classification Using Machine Learning with PCA and Logistics Regression Approaches for Decision Making

by Hendra Hendra, Mustafa Mat Deris and Ika Safitri Windiarti

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084047 - 10 Feb 2025

Abstract

Mental health statistics come with numerous challenges, beginning with data integrity. Ensuring data accuracy and reliability is essential, especially if these datasets are to be used for advanced analysis or research. Additionally, privacy concerns heavily impact the management of mental health data. Protecting [...] Read more.

Mental health statistics come with numerous challenges, beginning with data integrity. Ensuring data accuracy and reliability is essential, especially if these datasets are to be used for advanced analysis or research. Additionally, privacy concerns heavily impact the management of mental health data. Protecting the privacy and confidentiality of individuals—especially those with personal or sensitive information—is paramount in system development. Robust protocols should be implemented to prevent unauthorized access and potential breaches. Another critical issue is bias in the training data, which can arise from the underrepresentation of certain demographic groups or the overrepresentation of others. Reducing bias within these datasets is essential to enhance the fairness and accuracy of the models and algorithms they support. Research on mental health classification using machine learning techniques, particularly PCA and logistic regression, is significant because it has the potential to improve decision-making in mental health care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 6050 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Discovering the Wisdom of the Orang Asli Traditional Dwellings: Typologies Formation Through Physical Characteristics

by Noor Hanita Abdul Majid and Mohd Afiq Rosali

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084048 - 10 Feb 2025

Abstract

The architecture of the Orang Asli (OA) in Peninsular Malaysia has always been disregarded in studies of the indigenous people. This study is a venture towards recognizing and classifying the OA dwellings into typologies by outlining the salient characteristics of the physical form [...] Read more.

The architecture of the Orang Asli (OA) in Peninsular Malaysia has always been disregarded in studies of the indigenous people. This study is a venture towards recognizing and classifying the OA dwellings into typologies by outlining the salient characteristics of the physical form for further studies about the OA traditional dwellings. Data are collected through field measurements, interviews, and visual recordings of the identified case studies. Typologies of the OA are formed by analyzing the basic shapes and architectural characteristics, salient architectural features, and materials. This study found that the OA dwellings have sustainable and unique attributes to the sub-ethnicities. The typology classification is the plan and roof form (roof slope degrees), height of the floor from the ground level, opening and geometry, and material used for construction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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5 pages, 184 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Social Implications of Technological Advancements in Sentiment Analysis: A Literature Review on Potential and Consequences over the Next 20 Years

by Daryanto, Ika Safitri Windiarti and Bagus Setya Rintyarna

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084049 - 10 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study uses a literature review method to examine the social impact of technological advancements in sentiment analysis and its potential and consequences over the next 20 years. Key findings indicate that sentiment analysis technology significantly benefits customer service, business decision-making, and real-time [...] Read more.

This study uses a literature review method to examine the social impact of technological advancements in sentiment analysis and its potential and consequences over the next 20 years. Key findings indicate that sentiment analysis technology significantly benefits customer service, business decision-making, and real-time reputation monitoring sectors. It enables more responsive policy design by understanding public emotions in political and social contexts. However, data privacy, misinformation, and diminished critical thinking persist. This study contributes to the existing literature by comprehensively analyzing ethical and regulatory needs and identifying integration opportunities with IoT, big data, and AI to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Practically, it offers actionable policy recommendations for leveraging sentiment analysis responsibly to promote societal well-being and foster sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

6 pages, 397 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Developing Concept of Walking Aid for Stroke Survivors

by Mahrus Khoirul Umami, Hakam Muzakki, Imam Basori, Muhammad Sumardhan and Andre Prasetyo Darmawan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084050 - 10 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study aims to develop a walking aid model, for stroke survivors. The design of this assistive device focuses on increasing stability and support for correct body posture, as well as ease of use. The concept’s development processes include identifying user needs, generating [...] Read more.

This study aims to develop a walking aid model, for stroke survivors. The design of this assistive device focuses on increasing stability and support for correct body posture, as well as ease of use. The concept’s development processes include identifying user needs, generating device concepts, and selecting a final concept. The user-centered design was applied in the concept development, especially in its conformity with the users’ anthropometry and mechanical capacity, as well as the product safety principles. Mechanical load analysis of the design was also carried out to meet the functionality of the device and used as a foundation for prototype development. The developed device is expected to contribute to improving the quality of life of stroke survivors, since they regain their ability to complete many of their daily activities by themselves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1977 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Designing Metal Hydride-Phase Change Material with Analytical and Numerical Method

by Ajeng Tri Rahayu, Faizal Ramadhan, Putu Suwarta, Witantyo Witantyo and Suwarno Suwarno

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084051 - 11 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study examines the thermal characteristics of metal hydride systems comprised of MgH₂ and LaNi₅, paired with LiNO₃·3H₂O and NaNo₃ as a phase change material, through both analytical and computational approaches. Analytical methods were utilized [...] Read more.

This study examines the thermal characteristics of metal hydride systems comprised of MgH₂ and LaNi₅, paired with LiNO₃·3H₂O and NaNo₃ as a phase change material, through both analytical and computational approaches. Analytical methods were utilized to identify the most suitable volume and mass proportions of metal hydrides to PCM, whereas simulations calculated hydrogen absorption/desorption times and temperature distribution. The findings indicate that MgH₂ functions at a higher temperature and necessitates a greater volume of PCM on account of its high enthalpy. In comparison, LaNi₅ exhibits more rapid absorption and desorption reaction rates, rendering it beneficial for use in applications requiring quick hydrogen storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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18 pages, 937 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Advancing Electric Vehicle Safety and Adoption in Indonesia: Insights from Global and Local Perspectives

by Dimas Akmarul Putera, Nofias Fajri and Tania Alda

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084052 - 11 Feb 2025

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are central to global efforts in reducing carbon emissions and transitioning toward sustainable transportation. This literature review emphasizes the critical role of safety in advancing EV adoption in Indonesia by drawing insights from global advancements and addressing local challenges. Key [...] Read more.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are central to global efforts in reducing carbon emissions and transitioning toward sustainable transportation. This literature review emphasizes the critical role of safety in advancing EV adoption in Indonesia by drawing insights from global advancements and addressing local challenges. Key findings highlight that while EVs promise significant environmental benefits, safety concerns, such as battery thermal runaway risks and structural reliability in diverse road and climatic conditions, remain significant barriers. Issues such as battery safety, including thermal runaway risks, and the reliability of structural designs in Indonesia’s diverse road and climatic conditions are pivotal. Globally, advancements in battery management systems (BMS), crash-resistant vehicle designs, and autonomous driving technologies provide effective pathways to mitigate these safety risks. Locally, the development of safety standards tailored to tropical climates and robust infrastructure is essential. Leveraging Indonesia’s natural resources, such as nickel, offers opportunities to produce safer and cost-effective batteries. Additionally, policy frameworks like Presidential Regulation No. 55/2019 must prioritize safety measures, including rigorous testing, recycling protocols, and public education. This study concludes by advocating for an integrated approach that combines technological innovation, enhanced safety features, and supportive policies to accelerate EV adoption in Indonesia. Future research should focus on improving safety technologies, lifecycle assessments, and renewable energy integration to ensure the long-term success of EV adoption in the country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 4570 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Validate CFD Simulation of H-Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) with Experimental Data

by M. Hikmatul Ridho and Prabowo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084053 - 11 Feb 2025

Abstract

The energy consumption pattern in the world, and in Indonesia today, is still dominated by fossil energy in oil, gas, and coal. It contradicts the reduced production of fossil energy, especially petroleum. Therefore, the government is trying to increase the role of new [...] Read more.

The energy consumption pattern in the world, and in Indonesia today, is still dominated by fossil energy in oil, gas, and coal. It contradicts the reduced production of fossil energy, especially petroleum. Therefore, the government is trying to increase the role of new and renewable energy. One of the renewable energy sources that can be developed is wind energy. Indonesia has the potential for wind energy of 60.6 GW with an average wind velocity of 3–6 m/s. Given these conditions, it is expected that the installation of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) in buildings in urban areas and remote islands will be able to take advantage of the wind speed flowing above or beside buildings or skyscrapers, where the wind conditions do not have obstacles such as trees, houses, and so on. As a result, analysis and experimentation are required to design a wind turbine with good performance that can be used in cities or remote islands at relatively low wind speeds. The method used in this study is numerical analysis with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with poly-hexacore meshing type, and the geometry sample is an H-Darrieus turbine. The input parameter is wind speed, which ranges from 2.5 to 9 m/s. The final goal of this study is to determine whether the CFD simulation modeling used is credible or valid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2395 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Re-Engineering and Initial Computational Study on Non-Organic Waste and Hazardous Waste Incinerators

by Muhammad Iqsal Oktavani, Sarjito and Agus Yulianto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084054 - 11 Feb 2025

Abstract

Unmanaged waste can cause environmental pollution, as well as hygiene and health problems. Sitimulyo Piyungan Bantul at the coordinates of −7.86409, 110.42888 was established in 1994 and is the final waste repository area in Yogyakarta, and it is now completely closed; consequently, causing [...] Read more.

Unmanaged waste can cause environmental pollution, as well as hygiene and health problems. Sitimulyo Piyungan Bantul at the coordinates of −7.86409, 110.42888 was established in 1994 and is the final waste repository area in Yogyakarta, and it is now completely closed; consequently, causing joblessness in the surrounding community. There are activities that can be undertaken to recycle waste such as managing rubbish. Waste can be divided into four categories scrapping, composting, and producing maggot food. However, unmanaged and useful waste, namely, inorganic and hazardous waste, remains a big problem. This research work aims to solve the problem by re-engineering and making an initial simulation using computational fluid dynamics of an incinerator to complete unmanaged inorganic and hazardous rubbish. The incinerator was produced to process non-organic solid and medical waste, which should be combusted at temperatures higher than 800 °C to reduce combustible rubbish that can no longer be recycled, and toxic chemicals, to kill bacteria and viruses. The main incinerator frame is made of an iron elbow. Construction of the incinerator is divided into the chamber, recirculation zone, and chimneys. The wall of the incinerator machine is made of refractory stone and insulators. To measure and control the temperature, thermocouples and a thermocontrol are placed at the inner wall of the incinerator machine. The function of the incinerator machine was tested, and it ran normally. Initial operation of an incinerator for solid hazardous waste such as infusion bottles, pets, glass bottles, pampers, and expired medicines was undertaken. The performance showed that the achieved temperature was 705 °C during the process of the operation, and all of the hazardous waste became ash and the recycled material became a paving block that is economically worthwhile. Hence, the incinerator can be operated as a household industrial tool for a solid medical waste processing apparatus. An initial computational study of the incinerator was also carried out briefly using the student version of commercial software. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 179 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Measuring the Productivity and Environmental Performance of Pamekasan Batik Using the Concept of Green Productivity

by Ika Deefi Anna, Indra Cahyadi and Muhammad Khoirul Alfa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084055 - 11 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study aims to measure the productivity and environmental performance of UD. AB, a small-to-medium batik enterprise in Pamekasan Regency, Madura. Productivity measurement was conducted by comparing output in the form of hand-written batik sales, while the inputs used consisted of materials, energy, [...] Read more.

This study aims to measure the productivity and environmental performance of UD. AB, a small-to-medium batik enterprise in Pamekasan Regency, Madura. Productivity measurement was conducted by comparing output in the form of hand-written batik sales, while the inputs used consisted of materials, energy, and labor. The application of the green productivity concept was used to measure the environmental performance of this batik business by calculating the Environmental Performance Indicator (EPI) value for several environmental parameters. The results of calculating the productivity value of UD AB in 2018–2023 show that the highest productivity value was 1.449 in 2022 and the lowest productivity value was 1.266 in 2020. The results of the environmental performance calculation show that the Ph parameter has the largest EPI value of −0.007 and the ammonia parameter has the smallest EPI value of −3.307. The total EPI index value is −5.010, which means that the environmental performance is low. The proposed improvement recommendation to reduce environmental impact is to send liquid waste to the waste treatment plant owned by CV BA, which still has capacity, and to replace chemical dyes with natural dyes derived from plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

13 pages, 745 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Assessment with Monte Carlo Simulation to Improve Bridge Construction Safety

by Widi Hartono, Stefanus Adi Kristiawan, Dewi Handayani and Wahyudi Sutopo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084056 - 12 Feb 2025

Abstract

The safety of bridge construction has become a special concern for the Indonesian government since many bridge construction accidents occurred in 2017 and 2018. Construction projects involve a small number of contractor employees, so when conducting accident risk assessments, the results become less [...] Read more.

The safety of bridge construction has become a special concern for the Indonesian government since many bridge construction accidents occurred in 2017 and 2018. Construction projects involve a small number of contractor employees, so when conducting accident risk assessments, the results become less accurate. Monte Carlo simulation is a method that can be applied to conduct risk analysis with limited available data. This research began with the identification of potential risks that might occur in bridge construction, resulting in 24 types of risks. Risk assessment was conducted based on the list of risks identified by the contractor’s employees who were working on a bridge project. The results of the risk assessment were then analyzed and prepared for the Monte Carlo simulation process. The simulation results showed accurate outcomes with a total of 10,000 simulations. The greatest risks occur when a worker falls, which has a risk index of 12.5961, and a girder collapses during installation, which has a risk index of 16.1873. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 9530 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Alkali and Silane Treated Ramie Yarn Fiber for 3D-Printed Filament Composite Material Reinforcement

by Lilis Safitri, Sutikno Sutikno and Putu Suwarta

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084057 - 13 Feb 2025

Abstract

Natural fiber such as ramie is a type of reinforcement material derived from natural sources. These reinforcement materials offer an environmentally sustainable solution contributing to eco-friendly practices. However, natural fibers face challenges as reinforcement materials due to the presence of non-cellulosic impurities and [...] Read more.

Natural fiber such as ramie is a type of reinforcement material derived from natural sources. These reinforcement materials offer an environmentally sustainable solution contributing to eco-friendly practices. However, natural fibers face challenges as reinforcement materials due to the presence of non-cellulosic impurities and structural irregularities, which reduce crystallinity. This study explores the impact of alkali using sodium hydroxide (NaOH 5%) and silane using 3-(Aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane (APTES 1% and 3%) treatments on the chemical structure and crystallinity index of ramie yarn fiber (Boehmeria nivea). Alkali treatment effectively removes non-cellulosic impurities, resulting in an improved crystalline structure, while silane treatment modifies the fiber surface, introducing functional groups that alter its chemical structure. The chemical modifications were analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the crystallinity index was measured through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The findings revealed that alkali treatment significantly increased the crystallinity index (Crl) of ramie fibers to the highest value of 82.63%, and silane treatment primarily enhanced surface reactivity, facilitating better adhesion and chemical bonding with the matrix. This research highlights the potential of alkali and silane treatments for optimizing ramie fiber for use in advanced polymer composite applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 5947 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Analysis of Rural Road Distress with Indonesian Standard: A Case of Majalengka-West Java

by Muhammad N. F. A. Rachman, Andri Irfan Rifai, Arief Rijaluddin and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084058 - 13 Feb 2025

Abstract

Road connectivity and accessibility for the community start from the lowest level, namely rural roads. Rural road conditions reflect the condition of infrastructure in rural areas. This study aims to study the characteristics of rural road damage. The location of this study is [...] Read more.

Road connectivity and accessibility for the community start from the lowest level, namely rural roads. Rural road conditions reflect the condition of infrastructure in rural areas. This study aims to study the characteristics of rural road damage. The location of this study is rural roads in West Java, Indonesia, the case of Majalengka Regency. Data collection was carried out on Jalan Gunung Kuning-Sindang in May 2024. The research method and data processing used the Bina Marga–Indonesia (Directorate General of Highway) standard. The study results show that, in general, the rural roads are still damaged. Most of the damage to these village roads is due to poor road maintenance and water control along the road, especially in mountainous areas. Based on the priority order, a value of 9 was obtained to be included in the periodic maintenance program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 3736 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Study of Propeller Thrust Force on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Ground Testing Methods and Theoretical Calculations

by Afif Faishal, Imas Tri Setyadewi, Nur Aklis, Furqaan Harjanto, Ari Mukti Wibowo and Agung Supriyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084059 - 13 Feb 2025

Abstract

The propeller thrust force is a critical performance factor for UAVs, directly influencing the aircraft’s lift in the air. Various factors, such as propeller design, motor power, and operating conditions, influence thrust force. The propeller type also significantly impacts the thrust produced. It [...] Read more.

The propeller thrust force is a critical performance factor for UAVs, directly influencing the aircraft’s lift in the air. Various factors, such as propeller design, motor power, and operating conditions, influence thrust force. The propeller type also significantly impacts the thrust produced. It is essential to compare various types of propellers for UAV applications to obtain optimal thrust. This study employs ground testing and theoretical calculations to analyze and enhance propeller performance. Ground testing provides direct measurements of thrust force in controlled conditions, while theoretical study was conducted to predict thrust through mathematical calculations. This research was conducted on two different propellers, investigating variations in engine speed (Rpm). The results demonstrate that propellers A and B produce different amounts of thrust. These results were analyzed by comparing them with the outcomes of theoretical calculations. The experimental results and theoretical calculations show similar trends. However, there are noticeable differences in the thrust produced by both. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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Research Flowchart. Full article ">Figure 2
Piston Engine OS GT-33 [<a href="#B14-engproc-84-00059" class="html-bibr">14</a>]. Full article ">Figure 3
Ground Test Bed Configuration. Full article ">Figure 4
Experimental Thrust Comparison on Three-Blade Propeller 16 × 8 (Propeller A) and Three-Blade Propeller 16 × 10 (Propeller B). Full article ">Figure 5
Theoretical Calculation Comparison on Three-Blade Propeller 16 <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo>×</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> 8 (Propeller A) and Three-Blade Propeller 16 × 10 (Propeller B). Full article ">Figure 6
Propeller Power Calculator Comparison on Three-Blade Propeller 16 <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo>×</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> 8 (Propeller A) and Three-Blade Propeller 16 × 10 (Propeller B). Full article ">Figure 7
Comparison of Theoretical Thrust, Propeller Power Calculator, and Experiment on 16 × 8 Three-blade Propeller (Propeller A). Full article ">Figure 8
Comparison of Theoretical Thrust, Propeller Power Calculator, and Experiment on 16 <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo>×</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> 10 Three-blade Propeller (Propeller B). Full article ">

9 pages, 3322 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrating Time Series Decomposition and Deep Learning: An STL-TCN-Transformer Framework for Landslide Displacement Prediction

by Shuai Ren and Kamarul Hawari Ghazali

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084060 - 13 Feb 2025

Abstract

Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study proposes an STL-TCN-Transformer model that combines time series decomposition with deep learning to predict cumulative displacement. Using monitoring data from the Baishuihe landslide, the displacement sequence was decomposed into [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study proposes an STL-TCN-Transformer model that combines time series decomposition with deep learning to predict cumulative displacement. Using monitoring data from the Baishuihe landslide, the displacement sequence was decomposed into trend, periodic, and residual components using the STL method. The trend component, determined by geotechnical properties, was predicted using a univariate TCN-Transformer, while the periodic and residual components, influenced by rainfall and reservoir water levels, were analyzed for nonlinear correlations using the Spearman method and predicted with a multivariate TCN-Transformer. The proposed model achieved superior performance, with R² of 0.993, RMSE of 7.82 mm, and MAE of 5.82 mm, significantly outperforming EMD-LSTM, EEMD-RNN, and VMD-BiLSTM models in all metrics. These findings demonstrate the ability of the STL-TCN-Transformer to effectively capture the dynamics of landslide displacement, offering a reliable approach for landslide monitoring and early warning systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 223 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Handling Semantic Relationships for Classification of Sparse Text: A Review

by Safuan and Ku Ruhana Ku-Mahamud

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084061 - 17 Feb 2025

Abstract

The classification of sparse text, common in short or specialized content, is challenging for natural language processing. These challenges stem from high-dimensional data and scarce relevant features because sparse text can result from noisy, short, or contextually limited inputs. This paper reviews approaches [...] Read more.

The classification of sparse text, common in short or specialized content, is challenging for natural language processing. These challenges stem from high-dimensional data and scarce relevant features because sparse text can result from noisy, short, or contextually limited inputs. This paper reviews approaches for handling semantic relationships in sparse text classification. Approaches like FastText and Latent Dirichlet Allocation are discussed for addressing feature sparsity while maintaining semantic integrity. Embedding techniques, such as Word2Vec and BERT, are crucial for capturing contextual meanings and improving accuracy. Recent advances include hybrid models that combine deep learning and traditional methods for better performance. These approaches work across various datasets, including social media and scientific publications. Finally, progress in using semantic relationships for sparse text classification is reviewed, and open challenges and future research directions are identified to better integrate semantic understanding in sparse text classification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

14 pages, 6443 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementation of Agile Software Development in the Design of Management Information Systems Inventory and Finance at P2MKP Alang-Alang Tumbuh Subur

by Dinda Safitri Ramadhani, Nida Aulia, Arinda Soraya Putri, Munajat Tri Nugroho, Arga Seta Asmara Sakti and Raden Danang Aryo Putro Satriyono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084062 - 18 Feb 2025

Abstract

P2MKP Alang-alang Tumbuh Subur is an MSME that produces various types of food made from catfish. Inventory recording in these MSMEs is still carried out using simple Excel, which causes various problems, such as differences in real stock and recording stock, longer recording [...] Read more.

P2MKP Alang-alang Tumbuh Subur is an MSME that produces various types of food made from catfish. Inventory recording in these MSMEs is still carried out using simple Excel, which causes various problems, such as differences in real stock and recording stock, longer recording time, and vulnerable data loss. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the recording system. This research aims to design a management information system that is informative and easily accessible, so that inventory and financial records in these MSMEs can be performed quickly and flexibly. The method used is the agile software development method, which prioritizes communication with related parties with several sprints. This method ensures that the system can be developed quickly, precisely, and in accordance with the wishes of the user. The result of this research is a system that contains product stock management pages, employee data, equipment, and business financial transactions. With CRUD (create, read, update, delete) and report printing features, users can easily change and print reports. In addition, there is an access code feature so that data security is guaranteed. With this system, it is expected that MSMEs can increase the efficiency and accuracy of inventory and financial records and support the smooth operation of the company as a whole. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 2981 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Analysis of Vibration Reduction of Boring Bar with Tapered Mass-Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorber (MR-DVA)

by Firsty Azzah Athifah and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084065 - 18 Feb 2025

Abstract

One of the machining processes that can be performed on a lathe machine is the boring process, which is used to enlarge holes in a workpiece using a cutting tool called a boring bar. During the boring process, excessive vibration or chatter occurs, [...] Read more.

One of the machining processes that can be performed on a lathe machine is the boring process, which is used to enlarge holes in a workpiece using a cutting tool called a boring bar. During the boring process, excessive vibration or chatter occurs, which can significantly degrade the surface quality of the workpiece. To reduce these vibrations, a system called the Mass-Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorber (MR-DVA) is used. A tapered MR-DVA is used, and it is located on the cavity of the customized boring bar. The absorber mass is made of brass, and the absorber stiffness is made of natural rubber. The MR-DVA is designed with various dimension ratios: 10/21, 14/21, and 16/21. The boring bar designed consists of a regular boring bar and a customized boring bar (with MR-DVA) with a diameter of 32 mm and a length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of 7. The experiment was carried out with variations in cutting parameters such as the cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as well as the variations in the taper ratio of the MR-DVA. The experiment shows that a customized boring bar with a tapered MR-DVA can reduce vibration, and the combination of variation that is optimal to reduce vibration is a customized boring bar with a taper ratio of 14/21. With the obtained optimal parameters for reducing vibrations, the manufacturing efficiency and product quality will be enhanced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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(a) Structure of the regular and customized boring bar; (b) Regular and customized boring bar for experiment. Full article ">Figure 2
Tapered MR-DVA with taper ratio of (a) 10/21; (b) 14/21; (c) 16/21; and (d) thickness of rubber. Full article ">Figure 3
(a) Forces on the tip insert of boring bars; (b) axes on the tip insert boring bars. Full article ">Figure 4
Experimental setup for boring bars: (a) experimental equipment; (b) experimental equipment for measurement. Full article ">Figure 5
Vibration response of regular boring bar on cutting parameter A32012. Full article ">Figure 6
Vibration response of customized boring bars to variation in (a) the cutting parameter in a taper ratio of 10/21; (b) taper ratio in cutting parameter A72062 on the y-axis. Full article ">Figure 7
Reduction vibration of boring bar with variations of taper ratio in the lowest and highest reduction. Full article ">

11 pages, 939 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

CNN-Based Image Segmentation Approach in Brain Tumor Classification: A Review

by Nurul Huda and Ku Ruhana Ku-Mahamud

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084066 - 17 Feb 2025

Abstract

This study explores the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for brain tumor segmentation, leveraging their ability to automatically extract hierarchical features from medical images. CNN architectures like U-Net, V-Net, and ResNet have shown significant promise in brain tumor classification, offering high precision [...] Read more.

This study explores the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for brain tumor segmentation, leveraging their ability to automatically extract hierarchical features from medical images. CNN architectures like U-Net, V-Net, and ResNet have shown significant promise in brain tumor classification, offering high precision in detecting tumor boundaries and classifying tumor types. Various benchmark datasets, such as BraTS, TCIA, Harvard, and Kaggle, provide annotated MRI images to evaluate these models. Performance metrics including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Intersection over Union, and accuracy are employed to assess the models’ effectiveness. The results demonstrate that CNN-based models, particularly U-Net, perform exceptionally well, with DSC scores exceeding 0.90 in most cases. However, challenges such as data imbalance, the need for large datasets, and high computational demands persist. Despite these limitations, CNNs, when combined with advanced techniques like transfer learning and data augmentation, offer robust solutions for brain tumor segmentation, showing promise for real-time clinical deployment. Further advancements are necessary to address generalization issues and enhance model efficiency, ensuring broader applicability in clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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6054 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Statistical Approach of Additive Effect on Volumetric Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures

by Silvanus Nohan Rudrokasworo, Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo, Andri Irfan Rifai, Ahmad Septiawan, Hermon Frederik Tambunan and Riana Herlina Lumingkewas

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084067 - 18 Feb 2025

Abstract

The use of additives in asphalt concrete has improved the performance of road pavements. Some additives include silica powder, fly ash, and crumb rubber. This study analyzed additive levels’ effect on the volumetric characteristics of asphalt mixtures using a statistical approach. This research [...] Read more.

The use of additives in asphalt concrete has improved the performance of road pavements. Some additives include silica powder, fly ash, and crumb rubber. This study analyzed additive levels’ effect on the volumetric characteristics of asphalt mixtures using a statistical approach. This research uses aggregate gradation for asphalt concrete wearing a coarse layer to determine the effect of additive content on the volumetric of hot asphalt mixtures. Asphalt modification is used with silica powder at compositions of 0%, 2%, and 6%; fly ash with 0%, 2%, and 4%; and crumb rubber with 0%, 1%, and 1.25%. Samples were made and tested according to the Marshall test procedure. The volumetric characteristics of the asphalt mixture were subjected to correlation analysis with the Pearson and Spearman rank approaches and the ANOVA test. The Pearson and Spearman rank correlation analyses showed that fly ash and silica additives were suspected of having no correlation and influence on volumetric characteristics except for crumb rubber. The ANOVA test results show that the largest volumetric characteristics are significantly influenced by the crumb rubber additive on voids in mineral aggregates. In contrast, the silica and fly ash additives affect voids in mineral aggregates and Marshall stability. The difference in silica and fly ash additive content has shown different ANOVA test results even though they have the same size and composition of the forming elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1819 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Numerical Study on the Effect of Gate Position to the Structural Integrity of Plastic Injection-Molded Biomedical Implants

by Steven Otieno, Fredrick Mwema, Edwell Mharakurwa and Abiodun Bayode

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084069 - 20 Feb 2025

Abstract

Optimizing the injection molding process for making biomedical implants is essential to avoid defects that impact patient safety and implant performance. This study examines how different gate positions affect defect rates in injection-molded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) pedicle screws, using numerical modeling to [...] Read more.

Optimizing the injection molding process for making biomedical implants is essential to avoid defects that impact patient safety and implant performance. This study examines how different gate positions affect defect rates in injection-molded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) pedicle screws, using numerical modeling to analyze melt flow, cavity pressure, sink mark depth, warpage, and Von Mises stress across four gate configurations. The findings show that gate position significantly influences structural integrity, with strategically placed gates reducing defects by promoting uniform flow. Gate configuration 2 was optimal, yielding minimal sink depth, low warpage, and low stress, while configuration 4 was the least effective as it was associated with higher values of defect rates. Carefully selecting gate positions can enhance the quality and reliability of biomedical implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 2884 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Study of Amorphous Photovoltaic Systems in Indoor Performance with Different Coolants

by Dessy Ade Pratiwi, Andi Ibrahim Soumi, Gumilang Wicaksono, Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha, Azizah Fatmawati, Rizki Nurilyas Ahmad, Wafiq Kurniawan and Cahyo Jawoto Anggoro

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 84024; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084024 - 29 Jan 2025

Abstract

The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of indoor amorphous photovoltaic systems with PVC water cooling and compare them with those using heatsink cooling. The amorphous approach used in this study involves water flowing through a PVC pipe and a [...] Read more.

The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of indoor amorphous photovoltaic systems with PVC water cooling and compare them with those using heatsink cooling. The amorphous approach used in this study involves water flowing through a PVC pipe and a heatsink cooler. The circular heatsink that was used has fins all around it. The water flow through the pipe is pumped from the reservoir to the PVC pipe. The study found that a PVC water flow-based active cooling system is the most effective at preserving thermal stability and improving the performance of amorphous PV modules under high light intensity circumstances, providing insights for future advancements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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