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Women letter writers in early modern Europe created lengthy correspondences, where they expressed their intellect and their creativity; in the process, they also left a rich historical legacy. Over time, a large number of women's correspondences have been made the subject of publications. Some among them ignored the literary value of these missives that were sometimes circulated by their recipients. Some correspondences were, on the other hand, strictly private and their literary value—and historic value, as well—was not revealed until the rediscovery of these letters, perhaps long after the death of their authors, as in the case of Élisabeth Bégon, whose correspondence was not discovered until 1932 in the archives of the French Ministry of the Navy.

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  • Une épistolière est une femme qui écrit des lettres. Au cours du temps, nombre des correspondances rédigées par des femmes ont fait l’objet de publications. Certaines d’entre elles n’ignoraient pas la valeur littéraire accordée à ses missives que leurs destinataires faisaient quelquefois circuler. Certaines correspondances étaient, au contraire, strictement privées et leur valeur littéraire – et dans ce cas, historique – n’est apparue que lors de la redécouverte de ces lettres, quelquefois beaucoup de temps après la mort de leur auteurs, comme pour Élisabeth Bégon dont la correspondance n’a été retrouvée qu’en 1932 dans les archives du Ministère de la Marine. On s’accorde généralement à dire que ce qui caractérise les lettres émanant des épistolières est leur naturel. Ainsi Madame de Sévigné a incarné cette qualité au point d’être considérée comme l’archétype de l’épistolière et une écrivaine à part entière : C’est cette précieuse collection qui semble influer sur la réputation de toutes les femmes :car l’on répète sans cesse, depuis Madame de Sévigné, qu’elles écrivent mieux que les hommeset qu’elles sentent plus délicatement qu’eux.SUZANNE NECKER Cependant lorsqu’en 1669, paraissent les célèbres Lettres portugaises présentées comme la traduction de cinq lettres envoyées par une religieuse portugaise à un officier français, celles-ci passeront longtemps pour d’authentiques lettres dues à Mariana Alcoforado avant d’être définitivement classées par la critique moderne comme une œuvre de fiction littéraire attribuées à Gabriel de Guilleragues. La frontière entre le réel et la fiction s’estompe donc volontiers entre littérature et correspondance, surtout lorsque les romanciers feront de cette technique d’écriture un artifice littéraire qui sera le roman épistolaire, genre qui culminera au siècle des Lumières lorsque les écrivains tenteront de persuader leur lectorat qu’il a entre les mains une réelle correspondance, ce à quoi parviendra plus ou moins Rousseau avec la Nouvelle Héloïse. (fr)
  • Women letter writers in early modern Europe created lengthy correspondences, where they expressed their intellect and their creativity; in the process, they also left a rich historical legacy. Over time, a large number of women's correspondences have been made the subject of publications. Some among them ignored the literary value of these missives that were sometimes circulated by their recipients. Some correspondences were, on the other hand, strictly private and their literary value—and historic value, as well—was not revealed until the rediscovery of these letters, perhaps long after the death of their authors, as in the case of Élisabeth Bégon, whose correspondence was not discovered until 1932 in the archives of the French Ministry of the Navy. It is usually agreed that what makes these letters distinctive emanates from their spontaneity. Marie de Sévigné was the incarnation of this quality, to the point of becoming considered by many as the archetype of the woman letter writer, and an altogether literary author, even among her contemporaries, such as Suzanne Curchod: It is this precious collection that seems to flow into the reputation of all women: because it is always repeated, ever since Madame de Sévigné, that women write better than men and that they feel things more delicately than them. Suzanne Curchod In 1669, the famous Letters of a Portuguese Nun appeared, presented as a translation of five letters sent by a Portuguese nun to a French officer. For a long time, these letters were accepted as authentic letters written by Mariana Alcoforado, before being definitively shown by a modern critic to be a work of literary fiction, attributed to Gabriel de Guilleragues. The frontier between reality and fiction becomes blurry between literature and correspondence, above all when novelists turned this writing technique into a literary device that would become the epistolary novel, a genre that reached its peak during the Enlightenment when writers tried to persuade readers that between their hands was a real correspondence, which is what Jean-Jacques Rousseau more or less achieved with Julie, or the New Heloise. (en)
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  • Une épistolière est une femme qui écrit des lettres. Au cours du temps, nombre des correspondances rédigées par des femmes ont fait l’objet de publications. Certaines d’entre elles n’ignoraient pas la valeur littéraire accordée à ses missives que leurs destinataires faisaient quelquefois circuler. Certaines correspondances étaient, au contraire, strictement privées et leur valeur littéraire – et dans ce cas, historique – n’est apparue que lors de la redécouverte de ces lettres, quelquefois beaucoup de temps après la mort de leur auteurs, comme pour Élisabeth Bégon dont la correspondance n’a été retrouvée qu’en 1932 dans les archives du Ministère de la Marine. (fr)
  • Women letter writers in early modern Europe created lengthy correspondences, where they expressed their intellect and their creativity; in the process, they also left a rich historical legacy. Over time, a large number of women's correspondences have been made the subject of publications. Some among them ignored the literary value of these missives that were sometimes circulated by their recipients. Some correspondences were, on the other hand, strictly private and their literary value—and historic value, as well—was not revealed until the rediscovery of these letters, perhaps long after the death of their authors, as in the case of Élisabeth Bégon, whose correspondence was not discovered until 1932 in the archives of the French Ministry of the Navy. (en)
rdfs:label
  • Women letter writers (en)
  • Épistolière (fr)
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