WO2024075626A1 - 感光性エレメント、レジストパターンの形成方法及びプリント配線板の製造方法 - Google Patents
感光性エレメント、レジストパターンの形成方法及びプリント配線板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024075626A1 WO2024075626A1 PCT/JP2023/035393 JP2023035393W WO2024075626A1 WO 2024075626 A1 WO2024075626 A1 WO 2024075626A1 JP 2023035393 W JP2023035393 W JP 2023035393W WO 2024075626 A1 WO2024075626 A1 WO 2024075626A1
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- Prior art keywords
- barrier layer
- support film
- layer
- mass
- photosensitive
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUAIJHHRCIHFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-amino-5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(N)=C(Cl)S1 RUAIJHHRCIHFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009824 pressure lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propynoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#C UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ROVRRJSRRSGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N victoria blue bo Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(NCC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(CC)CC)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 ROVRRJSRRSGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/11—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having cover layers or intermediate layers, e.g. subbing layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
- H05K3/061—Etching masks
- H05K3/064—Photoresists
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a photosensitive element, a method for forming a resist pattern, and a method for manufacturing a printed wiring board.
- photosensitive resin compositions and photosensitive elements comprising a layer formed on a support film using the photosensitive resin composition (hereinafter also referred to as a "photosensitive layer”) have been widely used as resist materials used in etching processes, plating processes, and the like.
- the printed wiring board is manufactured, for example, by the following procedure using the above-mentioned photosensitive element. That is, first, the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive element is laminated onto a circuit-forming substrate such as a copper-clad laminate. At this time, the photosensitive layer is laminated so that the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the support film is in close contact with the surface of the circuit-forming substrate on which the circuit is formed. The lamination is performed, for example, by heating and pressing the photosensitive layer onto the circuit-forming substrate (normal pressure lamination method).
- a mask film or the like is used to expose the desired areas of the photosensitive layer through the support film, generating radicals.
- the generated radicals pass through several reaction pathways and contribute to the crosslinking reaction (photocuring reaction) of the photopolymerizable compound.
- the support film is peeled off, and the uncured parts of the photosensitive layer are dissolved or dispersed and removed in a developer to form a resist pattern.
- an etching process or plating process is performed to form a conductor pattern, and finally the photocured parts of the photosensitive layer (resist pattern) are peeled off (removed).
- the present disclosure has been made in consideration of the problems with the above-mentioned conventional techniques, and aims to provide a photosensitive element, a method for forming a resist pattern, and a method for manufacturing a printed wiring board that can reduce the number of defects that occur in a resist pattern.
- the inventors conducted extensive research to solve the above problems and discovered that in photosensitive elements that have a barrier layer between a photosensitive layer and a support film, traces of particles such as lubricants contained in the support film are left on the surface of the barrier layer, and the unevenness of these particle traces causes the exposed light to scatter, resulting in defects in the resist pattern. They then discovered that these particle traces can be reduced by using a support film that meets certain conditions, which led to the completion of the present invention.
- the present disclosure provides the following photosensitive element, method for forming a resist pattern, and method for producing a printed wiring board.
- a photosensitive element comprising a support film, a barrier layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the number of particles having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more measured on the surface of the support film on the barrier layer side is 100 or less per 0.0225 mm2 .
- a method for forming a resist pattern comprising the steps of: using the photosensitive element according to any one of [1] to [7] above, arranging a photosensitive layer, a barrier layer, and a support film on a substrate in this order from the substrate side; removing the support film and exposing the photosensitive layer to active light through the barrier layer; and removing an uncured portion of the photosensitive layer and the barrier layer from the substrate.
- a method for producing a printed wiring board comprising the step of etching or plating a substrate on which a resist pattern has been formed by the method for forming a resist pattern according to the above-mentioned [8] to form a conductor pattern.
- the present disclosure provides a photosensitive element that can reduce the number of defects that occur in a resist pattern, a method for forming a resist pattern, and a method for manufacturing a printed wiring board.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a photosensitive element of the present disclosure.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating an example of a manufacturing process for a printed wiring board by a semi-additive method.
- (meth)acrylic acid means at least one of acrylic acid and the corresponding methacrylic acid.
- the materials exemplified below may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of each component in the composition means the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.
- process does not only refer to an independent process, but also includes processes that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, as long as the intended effect of the process is achieved.
- a numerical range indicated using “ ⁇ ” indicates a range that includes the numerical values before and after " ⁇ " as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the upper or lower limit of a numerical range of a certain stage may be replaced with the upper or lower limit of a numerical range of another stage.
- the upper or lower limit of the numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in an example.
- the term "layer” includes a structure having a shape formed over the entire surface, as well as a structure having a shape formed on a part of the surface when observed in a plan view.
- the photosensitive element 1 of this embodiment comprises a support film 2, a barrier layer 3, and a photosensitive layer 4 in this order, and may further comprise other layers such as a protective layer 5.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more measured on the surface F1 of the support film 2 on the barrier layer 3 side is 100 or less per 0.0225 mm2 .
- polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN), and polyolefin films such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate
- polyolefin films such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- polyester films may be used.
- the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the support film tend to be improved.
- defects such as wrinkles in the barrier layer that occur when a barrier layer is formed on the support film tend to be suppressed, and workability tends to be improved.
- a polyester film containing particles (lubricant, etc.) may be used.
- a barrier layer may be formed on the surface having the particles (lubricant, etc.).
- a polyester film for example, a polyester film into which particles (lubricant, etc.) are kneaded, a polyester film having a layer containing particles (lubricant, etc.) formed on both sides, or a polyester film having a layer containing particles (lubricant, etc.) formed on one side may be used.
- the support film may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- Methods for adding particles such as lubricant to a support film include, for example, kneading the particles (lubricant, etc.) into the support film, and forming a layer containing particles (lubricant, etc.) on the support film using known methods such as roll coating, flow coating, spray coating, curtain flow coating, dip coating, and slit die coating.
- the number of particles (lubricant, etc.) having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more measured on the surface F1 on the side where the barrier layer is formed of the support film is 100 or less per 0.0225 mm2 .
- the number of the particles may be 85 or less, 70 or less, 50 or less, 30 or less, or 20 or less, from the viewpoint of further reducing the number of defects occurring in the resist pattern and further reducing the LER.
- the lower limit of the number of the particles is not particularly limited, and may be 0, 5 or more, or 10 or more.
- a support film that satisfies the above-mentioned condition of the number of particles can be obtained by adjusting the particle size and amount of particles (lubricant, etc.) contained in the support film, or by making the support film have a multi-layer structure and adjusting the presence or absence of particles in each layer, the particle size and content of the particles, and the thickness of each layer, etc.
- the number of particles (lubricant, etc.) with a diameter of less than 0.8 ⁇ m measured on the surface F1 of the support film is not particularly limited.
- the number of particles (lubricant, etc.) with a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more per 0.0225 mm2 measured on the surface F1 on which the barrier layer is formed can be measured, for example, using a laser microscope under the following conditions. Note that the measurement device is not limited to the following.
- Measurement condition- Equipment Hybrid laser microscope (manufactured by Lasertec Corporation, product name: OPTELICS HYBRID) Measurement range: 150 ⁇ m square Measurement details: Acquire a luminance image of the surface F1 of the support film. The acquired luminance image is binarized to measure the particle (lubricant) size and number. The number of particles with a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more within a measurement range of 150 ⁇ m square (0.0225 mm 2 ) is calculated.
- the support film may have a different number of particles (lubricant, etc.) having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more per 0.0225 mm 2 between the surface F1 on which the barrier layer is formed and the surface opposite to surface F1.
- the support film may have a number of particles (lubricant, etc.) having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more per 0.0225 mm 2 measured on the surface opposite to surface F1 that is greater than 100. This makes it possible to further improve the slip properties and winding properties of the support film while obtaining the effect of the present disclosure of reducing the number of defects occurring in the resist pattern.
- the number of particles (lubricants, etc.) having a diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more measured on the surface F1 on the side where the barrier layer is formed may be 0 per 0.0225 mm2 .
- a support film in which the number of particles measured on the surface F1 is 100 or less particles having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more and 0 particles having a diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more per 0.0225 mm2 traces of particles contained in the support film can be further suppressed from being left on the barrier layer surface, and the number of defects occurring in the resist pattern can be further reduced.
- the LER Line Edge Roughness
- the support film may be one that does not contain (is not observed to contain) particles (lubricants, etc.) having a diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more on the surface F1, and may be one that does not contain particles (lubricants, etc.) having a diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more throughout the entire support film.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more can be measured in the same manner as the number of particles having a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more.
- the haze of the support film may be 0.01 to 5.0%, 0.01 to 1.5%, 0.01 to 1.0%, or 0.01 to 0.5%.
- the haze of the support film may be less than 0.5%.
- haze means the degree of cloudiness.
- the haze in this disclosure refers to a value measured using a commercially available haze meter (turbidity meter) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K7105.
- the haze can be measured, for example, using a commercially available turbidity meter such as NDH-5000 (product name, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.).
- the support film may have a linear expansion coefficient (CTE) in the transverse direction (TD) at 80 to 110°C of 30 ppm/K or more, 40 ppm/K or more, or 45 ppm/K or more, or 170 ppm/K or less, 150 ppm/K or less, or 125 ppm/K or less.
- CTE linear expansion coefficient
- TD transverse direction
- the linear expansion coefficient of the support film in the TD direction at 80 to 100°C can be measured using a thermomechanical analyzer, for example, by the method shown in the examples.
- the thickness of the support film may be 1 to 200 ⁇ m, 1 to 100 ⁇ m, 1 to 60 ⁇ m, 5 to 60 ⁇ m, 10 to 60 ⁇ m, 10 to 50 ⁇ m, 10 to 40 ⁇ m, 10 to 30 ⁇ m, or 10 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the support film is 1 ⁇ m or more, there is a tendency that the support film is prevented from being torn when peeled off.
- the thickness of the support film is 200 ⁇ m or less, there is a tendency that economic benefits are easily obtained.
- the photosensitive element of the present embodiment includes a barrier layer between the support film and the photosensitive layer.
- the barrier layer may have an oxygen transmission rate of 6000 mL/ m2 ⁇ day ⁇ MPa or less (converted to a film thickness of 25 ⁇ m) under an environment of 20° C. and 65% RH.
- the barrier layer may be a layer formed using a resin composition for forming a barrier layer.
- the resin composition for forming a barrier layer of the present embodiment may contain a water-soluble resin.
- the barrier layer may be water-soluble or soluble in a developer.
- the adhesive strength between the support film and the barrier layer may be smaller than the adhesive strength between the barrier layer and the photosensitive layer. In this case, unintended peeling between the barrier layer and the photosensitive layer can be suppressed when peeling the support film from the photosensitive element.
- the barrier layer may contain a water-soluble resin.
- water-soluble resin means a resin having a solubility of 5 g/100 mL-C 6 H 14 or less in 100 mL of hexane at 25° C. The solubility can be calculated by mixing hexane at 25° C. with the dried water-soluble resin and examining whether it becomes cloudy or not. Specifically, a colorless and transparent glass container with a ground glass stopper is filled with a mixture of the dried water-soluble resin A (g) and 100 mL of hexane to prepare sample 1, and a sample 2 is filled with 100 mL of hexane only to prepare sample 2.
- sample in the glass container is thoroughly shaken and mixed, and it is confirmed that the bubbles have disappeared.
- both containers are placed side by side under diffuse daylight or light equivalent thereto, and the state of the liquid of sample 1 is compared with the state of the liquid of sample 2.
- Sample 1 is compared with sample 2, and the amount A (g) added when sample 1 begins to be observed to become cloudier or solids begin to float is regarded as the solubility of the water-soluble resin in 100 mL of hexane at 25° C.
- water-soluble resins include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and water-soluble polyimides.
- the water-soluble resin may contain polyvinyl alcohol.
- Polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol used in this embodiment may be 50 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, or 80 mol% or more. The upper limit of the saponification degree is 100 mol%.
- the gas barrier properties of the barrier layer tend to be further improved and the resolution of the formed resist pattern can be further improved.
- saponification degree refers to a value measured in accordance with JIS K 6726 (1994) (Test method for polyvinyl alcohol) specified by the Japanese Industrial Standards.
- the polyvinyl alcohol may be used in combination with two or more different types having different degrees of saponification, viscosities, degrees of polymerization, modified species, etc.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol may be 300 to 5000, 300 to 3500, or 300 to 2000.
- the water-soluble resin may be used alone or in combination with two or more types.
- the water-soluble resin may contain, for example, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA:PVP) may be 40:60 to 90:10, 50:50 to 90:10, or 60:40 to 90:10.
- the content of the water-soluble resin in the resin composition for forming a barrier layer of this embodiment may be 50 to 300 parts by mass, 60 to 250 parts by mass, 70 to 200 parts by mass, 80 to 150 parts by mass, or 80 to 125 parts by mass per 500 parts by mass of water, from the viewpoint of improving gas barrier properties.
- the content of the water-soluble resin in the barrier layer may be 99.0 to 99.95% by mass, 99.3 to 99.9% by mass, or 99.5 to 99.8% by mass based on the total solid content of the barrier layer, from the viewpoints of improving the gas barrier properties, improving the peelability between the support film and the barrier layer, and improving the solubility in the developer.
- the barrier layer may contain a leveling agent.
- the leveling agent is oriented on the coating surface to equalize the tension of the coating surface.
- the leveling agent may be an acrylic polymer, a vinyl-based, a silicone-based, a fluorine-based, or the like. From the viewpoints of transferability to the photosensitive element and solubility in the developer, the leveling agent is preferably an acrylic polymer.
- the acrylic polymer preferably contains a copolymer having a structural unit derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, and a terminal methoxy group EO-modified (meth)acrylate, more preferably contains a copolymer having a structural unit derived from butyl (meth)acrylate and isobutyl (meth)acrylate, and even more preferably contains a copolymer having a structural unit derived from butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, and a terminal
- the content of each structural unit constituting the acrylic polymer may be, for example, in the following ranges based on the total amount of the structural units.
- the content of the structural unit derived from butyl (meth)acrylate may be 2 to 20 mass%, 5 to 15 mass%, or 5 to 10 mass%, from the viewpoint of further reducing the number of defects on the barrier layer surface and further suppressing damage to the barrier layer when the support film is peeled off.
- the content of the structural unit derived from isobutyl (meth)acrylate may be 40 to 80 mass%, 50 to 70 mass%, or 55 to 65 mass%, from the viewpoint of further reducing the number of defects on the barrier layer surface and further suppressing damage to the barrier layer when the support film is peeled off.
- the content of the structural unit derived from terminal methoxy group EO-modified (meth)acrylate may be 15 to 45 mass%, 20 to 40 mass%, or 25 to 35 mass%, from the viewpoint of further reducing the number of defects on the barrier layer surface and further suppressing damage to the barrier layer when the support film is peeled off.
- the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic polymer may be 10,000 to 40,000, or 10,000 to 20,000, from the viewpoint of further reducing the number of defects on the surface of the barrier layer and further suppressing damage to the barrier layer when the support film is peeled off.
- the content of the leveling agent in the barrier layer may be 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, 0.1 to 0.7 mass%, or 0.2 to 0.5 mass%, based on the total solid content of the barrier layer, from the viewpoint of further reducing the number of defects on the barrier layer surface and further suppressing damage to the barrier layer when the support film is peeled off.
- the barrier layer may contain an ultraviolet absorbing agent.
- the ultraviolet absorbing agent (UV absorbing agent) is a compound having a light absorption band in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 400 nm.
- the ultraviolet absorbing agent may be water-soluble. From the viewpoint of further improving the resolution, the ultraviolet absorbing agent may have a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 500 nm. By containing such an ultraviolet absorbing agent, the resolution can be improved.
- the i-line absorption rate of the ultraviolet absorber may be 5-95%, 10-90%, or 15-75%.
- the i-line absorption rate can be measured by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
- the ultraviolet absorbents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solubility of the ultraviolet absorbent in water at 20° C. may be 0.01 g/100 mL-H 2 O or more, 0.1 g/100 mL-H 2 O or more, or 1 g/100 mL-H 2 O or more, from the viewpoint of suppressing aggregation and precipitation of the ultraviolet absorbent in the barrier layer.
- ultraviolet absorbers examples include oxybenzophenone compounds, triazole compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone compounds, diphenyl acrylate compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, diphenyl cyanoacrylate compounds, iron or nickel complex salt compounds, etc.
- oxybenzophenone compounds and benzophenone compounds are preferred, benzophenone sulfonic acid compounds are more preferred, and oxybenzophenone sulfonic acid compounds are even more preferred.
- benzophenone sulfonic acid compounds are compounds having a sulfo group in a benzophenone compound, and the benzophenone sulfonic acid compounds may be hydrates. It is speculated that these compounds have a hydrophilic sulfo group in the benzophenone skeleton, which increases the affinity of the benzophenone skeleton with the resist, while the sulfo group increases the affinity with the barrier layer, thereby achieving both resolution and removability of the barrier layer.
- oxybenzophenone compounds 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid hydrate represented by the following formula (1) is preferred.
- the barrier layer of this embodiment may have an absorbance of 0.01 to 2.0, or 0.1 to 1.0, for light with a wavelength of 365 nm.
- the absorbance of the barrier layer can be measured, for example, using a UV spectrophotometer (Spectrophotometer U-3310, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). The measurement is performed by placing a laminated film with a barrier layer of any thickness formed on a support film on the measurement side, placing a support film on the reference side, and continuously measuring wavelengths from 300 to 700 nm in absorbance mode, and reading the value at a wavelength of 365 nm.
- the resin composition for forming a barrier layer of the present embodiment may contain an alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol (excluding the plasticizer of a polyhydric alcohol compound described later).
- the alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas (2) to (4) and the compounds represented by the following general formula (5).
- R 11 represents an alkyl group
- R 12 represents an alkylene group.
- the sum of the carbon numbers of the groups R 11 and R 12 is 3 or more.
- the sum of the carbon numbers of the groups R 11 and R 12 may be 10 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 5 or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the affinity with water.
- the alkyl group represented by R 11 may be an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- the alkylene group represented by R 12 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms represented by the general formula (5) may be 2-butoxy-ethanol or 1-methoxy-2-propanol.
- the alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solubility of the alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms in water at 20° C. may be 300 mL/100 mL-H 2 O or more, 500 mL/100 mL-H 2 O or more, or 1000 mL/100 mL-H 2 O or more.
- the "solubility of alcohols with 3 or more carbon atoms in water at 20°C” can be calculated by mixing the alcohols with water at 20°C and checking for the presence or absence of cloudiness. Specifically, prepare sample 3 by putting a mixture of A mL of the alcohols and 100 mL of water into a colorless, transparent glass container with a ground glass stopper, and prepare sample 4 by putting only water (100 mL). Next, thoroughly shake and mix sample 3 and sample 4 in the glass container, and check that the bubbles have disappeared. Immediately after checking, place both containers side by side under diffuse daylight or light equivalent thereto, and compare the state of the liquid in sample 3 with the state of the liquid in sample 4. Comparing sample 3 and sample 4, the amount A mL of the alcohol added when sample 3 is observed to be more cloudy is regarded as the solubility of the alcohol in water at 20°C.
- the content of the alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms in the resin composition for forming a barrier layer of this embodiment may be 100 to 500 parts by mass, or 125 to 450 parts by mass, per 500 parts by mass of water. If this content is 100 parts by mass or more, the peelability between the barrier layer formed and the support film tends to improve, and if it is 500 parts by mass or less, the solubility of the water-soluble resin tends to improve, making it easier to form the barrier layer.
- the content of alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms in the barrier layer of this embodiment may be more than 0% by mass and not more than 2.0% by mass, 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, or 0.005 to 1.0% by mass, based on the total amount of the barrier layer (the total amount of solids in the resin composition for forming the barrier layer that forms the barrier layer).
- a content of 2.0% by mass or less tends to suppress the diffusion of alcohols in subsequent steps, and a content of 0.001% by mass or more tends to improve the peelability between the barrier layer and the support film.
- the resin composition for forming a barrier layer of this embodiment may contain alcohols having less than 3 carbon atoms.
- the content may be 125 to 375 parts by mass, or 150 to 325 parts by mass, per 500 parts by mass of water.
- the solubility of the water-soluble resin tends to improve and the barrier layer tends to be easily formed, and when the content is 375 parts by mass or less, the peelability between the barrier layer and the support film tends to improve.
- the content of alcohols having less than 3 carbon atoms in the barrier layer of this embodiment may be 0.1 to 10 mass% (i.e., the amount of alcohols having less than 3 carbon atoms is 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms) based on the total amount of alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms in the barrier layer, from the viewpoint of improving the peelability between the barrier layer and the support film.
- the barrier layer and the resin composition for forming the barrier layer of this embodiment may contain known additives such as plasticizers and surfactants to the extent that the effects of the present disclosure are not hindered. Also, they may contain a peeling promoter to the extent that the effects of the present disclosure are not hindered.
- the barrier layer in the photosensitive element of this embodiment can be formed, for example, by applying the barrier layer-forming resin composition of this embodiment onto a support film and drying it.
- the barrier layer-forming resin composition contains a leveling agent
- the leveling agent tends to be unevenly distributed on the surface side of the support film in the coating. This tends to reduce the surface tension of the barrier layer-forming resin composition, making it easier to suppress repelling.
- uneven distribution of the leveling agent on the surface side of the support film in the barrier layer tends to reduce the adhesion between the support film and the barrier layer.
- the thickness of the barrier layer is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of ease of removal of the barrier layer, the thickness of the barrier layer may be 12 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or less, 8 ⁇ m or less, 7 ⁇ m or less, or 6 ⁇ m or less. From the viewpoint of ease of formation of the barrier layer and resolution, the thickness of the barrier layer may be 1.0 ⁇ m or more, 1.5 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, or 4 ⁇ m or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing migration of the barrier layer, the thickness of the barrier layer may be 2 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, or 4 ⁇ m or more.
- the photosensitive layer of this embodiment is a layer formed using a photosensitive resin composition described later.
- the photosensitive resin composition can be used according to a desired purpose as long as the properties change (for example, photocured) by irradiation with light, and may be negative or positive.
- the photosensitive resin composition may contain (A) a binder polymer, (B) a photopolymerizable compound, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator. In addition, if necessary, it may contain (D) a photosensitizer, (E) a polymerization inhibitor, or other components.
- each component used in the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment will be described in more detail.
- the (A) binder polymer (hereinafter also referred to as "component (A)") can be produced, for example, by radical polymerization of a polymerizable monomer.
- the polymerizable monomer include polymerizable styrene derivatives substituted at the ⁇ -position or aromatic ring, such as styrene, vinyltoluene, and ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylamides such as diacetoneacrylamide, acrylonitrile, ethers of vinyl alcohol, such as vinyl-n-butyl ether, (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth)acrylic acid benzyl esters, such as benzyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylic acid tetrahydrofurfuryl esters, (meth)acrylic acid dimethylaminoethyl esters, and (meth)acrylic acid diethylaminoethyl esters.
- esters examples include esters, (meth)acrylic acid glycidyl esters, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, ⁇ -bromoacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, ⁇ -furyl (meth)acrylic acid, ⁇ -styryl (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoesters such as monomethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, and monoisopropyl maleate, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, ⁇ -cyanocinnamic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, and propiolic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester may be included.
- the (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester include a compound represented by the following general formula (II) and compounds in which the alkyl group of these compounds is substituted with a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, a halogen group, or the like.
- H2C C( R6 ) -COOR7 (II)
- R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R7 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R7 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a undecyl group, a dodecyl group, and structural isomers of these groups.
- Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester represented by the above general formula (II) include (meth)acrylic acid methyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid ethyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid propyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid butyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid pentyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid hexyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid heptyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid octyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid nonyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid decyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid undecyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid dodecyl ester, etc. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- component (A) may contain a carboxy group.
- Component (A) containing a carboxy group can be produced, for example, by radical polymerization of a polymerizable monomer having a carboxy group with another polymerizable monomer.
- the polymerizable monomer having a carboxy group may be (meth)acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
- component (A) containing a carboxy group may have an acid value of 50 to 250 mgKOH/g, 50 to 200 mgKOH/g, or 100 to 200 mgKOH/g.
- the carboxy group content of component (A) (the blending ratio of polymerizable monomers having a carboxy group to the total amount of polymerizable monomers used in the binder polymer) may be 12 to 50 mass%, 12 to 40 mass%, 15 to 35 mass%, 15 to 30 mass%, or 20 to 30 mass%, from the viewpoint of improving alkaline developability and alkaline resistance in a well-balanced manner.
- this carboxy group content is 12 mass% or more, alkaline developability tends to be improved, and when it is 50 mass% or less, alkaline resistance tends to be excellent.
- the content of structural units derived from polymerizable monomers having a carboxy group in component (A) correlates with the blending ratio of the polymerizable monomers having a carboxy group, and may be 12 to 50% by mass, 12 to 40% by mass, 15 to 35% by mass, 15 to 30% by mass, or 20 to 30% by mass.
- component (A) may use styrene or a styrene derivative as the polymerizable monomer.
- its content (the blending ratio of styrene or a styrene derivative to the total amount of polymerizable monomers used in component (A)) may be 10 to 60 mass%, 15 to 50 mass%, 30 to 50 mass%, 35 to 50 mass%, or 40 to 50 mass% from the viewpoint of further improving adhesion and chemical resistance. If this content is 10 mass% or more, adhesion tends to improve, and if it is 60 mass% or less, it is possible to prevent the peeled pieces from becoming large during development, and the time required for peeling tends to be suppressed from increasing.
- the content of structural units derived from styrene or a styrene derivative in component (A) correlates with the blending ratio of the styrene or styrene derivative, and may be 10-60% by mass, 15-50% by mass, 30-50% by mass, 35-50% by mass, or 40-50% by mass.
- component (A) may use benzyl (meth)acrylic acid ester as a polymerizable monomer.
- the content of structural units derived from benzyl (meth)acrylic acid ester in component (A) may be 15 to 50 mass%, 15 to 45 mass%, 15 to 40 mass%, 15 to 35 mass%, or 20 to 30 mass%.
- binder polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of component (A) include two or more binder polymers made of different polymerizable monomers, two or more binder polymers with different weight average molecular weights, and two or more binder polymers with different dispersities.
- Component (A) can be produced by a conventional method. Specifically, for example, it can be produced by radical polymerization of an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester, (meth)acrylic acid, and styrene or the like.
- the weight average molecular weight of component (A) may be 20,000 to 300,000, 40,000 to 150,000, 40,000 to 120,000, or 50,000 to 80,000, from the viewpoint of improving mechanical strength and alkaline developability in a well-balanced manner.
- the weight average molecular weight of component (A) is 20,000 or more, there is a tendency for resistance to developing solution to be excellent, and when it is 300,000 or less, there is a tendency for the development time to be prevented from becoming long.
- the weight average molecular weight in this specification is a value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and converted using a calibration curve prepared using standard polystyrene.
- the content of the above-mentioned (A) component may be 30 to 80 parts by mass, 40 to 75 parts by mass, 50 to 70 parts by mass, or 50 to 60 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the (A) component and the (B) component described below.
- the content of the (A) component is within this range, the coating properties of the photosensitive resin composition and the strength of the photocured parts are improved.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment may contain a photopolymerizable compound (B) (hereinafter, also referred to as "component (B)").
- the component (B) may be any photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable compound without any particular limitation, and may be, for example, a compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the component (B) may contain a bisphenol type (meth)acrylate compound.
- bisphenol type (meth)acrylate compounds include 2,2-bis(4-((meth)acryloxypolyethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-((meth)acryloxypolypropoxy)phenyl)propane, and 2,2-bis(4-((meth)acryloxypolyethoxypolypropoxy)phenyl)propane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the bisphenol type (meth)acrylate compound may contain 2,2-bis(4-(methacryloxypentaethoxy)phenyl)propane and 2,2-bis(4-(methacryloxydiethoxy)phenyl)propane.
- bisphenol type (meth)acrylate compounds include, for example, 2,2-bis(4-(methacryloxydiethoxy)phenyl)propane ("BPE-200” manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), 2,2-bis(4-(methacryloxypentaethoxy)phenyl)propane ("BPE-500” manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the content of the bisphenol type (meth)acrylate compound may be 1 to 50 mass%, 3 to 40 mass%, 10 to 40 mass%, 20 to 40 mass%, or 30 to 40 mass% based on the total solid content of components (A) and (B).
- the content of the bisphenol type (meth)acrylate compound may be 30 to 99 mass%, 50 to 97 mass%, 60 to 95 mass%, 70 to 95 mass%, or 80 to 90 mass% based on the total solid content of component (B).
- the content of component (B) may be 20 to 70 parts by mass, 25 to 60 parts by mass, or 30 to 50 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of components (A) and (B).
- the photosensitive resin composition has better resolution, adhesion, and suppression of resist tail generation, as well as better photosensitivity and coating properties.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment may contain at least one photopolymerization initiator (C) (hereinafter also referred to as “component (C)”).
- component (C) is not particularly limited as long as it can polymerize component (B), and can be appropriately selected from commonly used photopolymerization initiators.
- component (C) examples include aromatic ketones such as 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butanone-1 and 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-propanone-1, quinones such as alkylanthraquinones, benzoin ether compounds such as benzoin alkyl ethers, benzoin compounds such as benzoin and alkylbenzoins, benzyl derivatives such as benzyl dimethyl ketal, 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimers such as 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer and 2-(o-fluorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, and acridine derivatives such as 9-phenylacridine and 1,7-(9,9'-acridinyl)heptane. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer may be contained from the viewpoint of improving resolution.
- Examples of the 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer include 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-4,5-bis-(m-methoxyphenyl)imidazole dimer, and 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer.
- 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer may be contained from the viewpoint of improving photosensitivity stability.
- 2,2'-bis(2-chlorophenyl)-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenylbiimidazole is commercially available as B-CIM (product name, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- component (C) may contain at least one type of 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer, and may also contain 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer.
- the structure of the 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer may be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
- the content of component (C) may be 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, 1 to 7 parts by mass, 1 to 6 parts by mass, 1 to 5 parts by mass, or 2 to 5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of components (A) and (B).
- the content of component (C) is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the photosensitivity, resolution, and adhesion tend to be improved, and when it is 30 parts by mass or less, the resist pattern shape tends to be excellent.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment may contain a photosensitizer (D) (hereinafter, also referred to as “component (D)”).
- component (D) By containing component (D), it tends to be possible to effectively utilize the absorption wavelength of the actinic ray used for exposure.
- Examples of the (D) component include pyrazolines, dialkylaminobenzophenones, anthracenes, coumarins, acridines, xanthones, oxazoles, benzoxazoles, thiazoles, benzothiazoles, triazoles, stilbenes, triazines, thiophenes, naphthalimides, and triarylamines. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the (D) component may include pyrazolines, anthracenes, coumarins, acridines, or dialkylaminobenzophenones, and may include coumarins, acridines, or dialkylaminobenzophenones, or may include dialkylaminobenzophenones.
- Commercially available dialkylaminobenzophenones include, for example, "EAB" manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the (D) component When the (D) component is contained, its content may be 1.0 part by mass or less, 0.5 parts by mass or less, 0.15 parts by mass or less, 0.12 parts by mass or less, or 0.10 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the (A) and (B) components.
- the (D) component content When the (D) component content is 1.0 part by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the (A) and (B) components, deterioration of the resist pattern shape and resist tail generation can be suppressed, and there is a tendency for the resolution to be improved.
- the content of the (D) component may be 0.01 part by mass or more, per 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the (A) and (B) components.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment may contain (E) a polymerization inhibitor (hereinafter also referred to as "component (E)").
- component (E) a polymerization inhibitor
- Examples of the component (E) include alkyl catechols such as catechol, resorcinol (resorcin), 1,4-hydroquinone, 2-methylcatechol, 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 2-ethylcatechol, 3-ethylcatechol, 4-ethylcatechol, 2-propylcatechol, 3-propylcatechol, 4-propylcatechol, 2-n-butylcatechol, 3-n-butylcatechol, 4-n-butylcatechol, 2-tert-butylcatechol, 3-tert-butylcatechol, 4-tert-butylcatechol, and 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol;
- Examples of the resorcinol include alkyl resorcinols such as rucinol, 4-methylresorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol (orcinol), 2-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylresorcinol, 2-propylresorcinol
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment may contain, as necessary, 0.01 to 20 parts by mass of each of additives such as dyes such as malachite green, Victoria Pure Blue, brilliant green, and methyl violet, photocoloring agents such as tribromophenyl sulfone, leuco crystal violet, diphenylamine, benzylamine, triphenylamine, diethylaniline, and o-chloroaniline, thermal coloring inhibitors, plasticizers such as p-toluenesulfonamide, pigments, fillers, defoamers, flame retardants, adhesion imparting agents, leveling agents, peeling promoters, antioxidants, fragrances, imaging agents, and thermal crosslinking agents, relative to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the (A) component and the (B) component.
- additives such as dyes such as malachite green, Victoria Pure Blue, brilliant green, and methyl violet
- photocoloring agents such as tribromophenyl sul
- the photosensitive resin composition according to this embodiment may contain at least one organic solvent as necessary to improve the handleability of the photosensitive composition and to adjust the viscosity and storage stability.
- organic solvent any commonly used organic solvent may be used without any particular restrictions. Specific examples include organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mixed solvents thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a protective layer may be laminated on the surface of the photosensitive layer opposite to the surface in contact with the barrier layer.
- a protective layer for example, a polymer film such as polyethylene or polypropylene may be used.
- the same polymer film as the support film described above may be used, or a different polymer film may be used.
- the following describes a method for producing a photosensitive element in which a support film, a barrier layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer are laminated in that order.
- a water-soluble resin containing polyvinyl alcohol is gradually added to a mixed solvent of water heated to 70 to 90°C and an organic solvent used as needed so that the solid content is 10 to 20% by mass, and stirred for about 1 hour, and then other components such as a leveling agent are mixed and dissolved uniformly as needed to obtain a resin composition for forming a barrier layer.
- solid content refers to the non-volatile content of the resin composition excluding volatile substances such as water and organic solvents. In other words, it refers to components other than solvents such as water and organic solvents that remain without volatilizing in the drying process, and includes liquid, starch syrup, and wax-like substances at room temperature around 25°C.
- the resin composition for forming a barrier layer is applied onto a support film and dried to form a barrier layer.
- the resin composition for forming a barrier layer can be applied onto a support film by a known method such as roll coating, comma coating, gravure coating, air knife coating, die coating, bar coating, spray coating, etc.
- the drying of the applied resin composition for forming a barrier layer is not particularly limited as long as it can remove at least a portion of the solvent, such as water, but it may be dried at 70 to 150°C for 5 to 30 minutes. After drying, the amount of solvent remaining in the barrier layer may be 2% by mass or less from the viewpoint of preventing diffusion of the solvent in subsequent steps.
- a photosensitive resin composition may be applied onto the barrier layer of the support film on which the barrier layer is formed, in the same manner as the application of the resin composition for forming a barrier layer, and then dried to form a photosensitive layer on the barrier layer.
- a protective layer may be laminated onto the photosensitive layer thus formed, thereby producing a photosensitive element comprising a support film, a barrier layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer in this order.
- a photosensitive element comprising a support film, a barrier layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer in this order may be obtained by laminating a support film on which a barrier layer is formed and a protective layer on which a photosensitive layer is formed.
- the thickness of the photosensitive layer in the photosensitive element can be appropriately selected depending on the application, but may be 1 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, or 10 ⁇ m or more, or 200 ⁇ m or less, 100 ⁇ m or less, 50 ⁇ m or less, or less than 20 ⁇ m after drying.
- the thickness of the photosensitive layer is 1 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, or 10 ⁇ m or more, industrial coating tends to be easier and productivity tends to be improved.
- the photosensitivity is high and the photocuring property of the bottom of the resist is excellent, so that a resist pattern with excellent resolution and aspect ratio tends to be formed.
- the melt viscosity of the photosensitive layer in the photosensitive element at 110°C can be appropriately selected depending on the type of substrate (undercoat) that comes into contact with the photosensitive layer, but may be 50 to 10,000 Pa ⁇ s, 100 to 5,000 Pa ⁇ s, or 200 to 1,000 Pa ⁇ s at 110°C after drying. If the melt viscosity at 110°C is 50 Pa ⁇ s or more, wrinkles and voids do not occur during the lamination process, and productivity tends to improve. Also, if the melt viscosity at 110°C is 10,000 Pa ⁇ s or less, adhesion to the undercoat improves during the lamination process, and adhesion failures tend to be reduced.
- the form of the photosensitive element according to this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- it may be in the form of a sheet, or may be wound into a roll around a core. When wound into a roll, it may be wound so that the support film is on the outside.
- materials for the core include plastics such as polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, and ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer).
- the end faces of the rolled photosensitive element roll obtained in this manner may be provided with end face separators from the standpoint of end face protection, and moisture-proof end face separators may be provided from the standpoint of edge fusion resistance.
- the rolled photosensitive element may be wrapped in a black sheet with low moisture permeability.
- the photosensitive element according to this embodiment can be suitably used, for example, in the resist pattern forming method and printed wiring board manufacturing method described below.
- the method for forming a resist pattern includes: (i) a step of arranging a photosensitive layer, a barrier layer, and a support film on a substrate in this order from the substrate side using the photosensitive element (hereinafter also referred to as "(i) photosensitive layer and barrier layer forming step”); (ii) a step of removing the support film and exposing the photosensitive layer to active light through the barrier layer (hereinafter also referred to as "(ii) exposure step”); and (iii) a step of removing the uncured parts of the barrier layer and the photosensitive layer from the substrate (hereinafter also referred to as "(iii) development step”); and may include other steps as necessary.
- the resist pattern may be a photocured product pattern of a photosensitive resin composition or a relief pattern. Depending on the purpose, the resist pattern in the present embodiment may be used as a resist or for other purposes such as a protective film.
- Photosensitive layer and barrier layer forming step In the photosensitive layer and barrier layer forming step, the photosensitive layer and the barrier layer are formed on a substrate using the photosensitive element.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, but typically includes a circuit-forming substrate having an insulating layer and a conductor layer formed on the insulating layer, or a die pad (substrate for lead frame) such as an alloy substrate.
- a photosensitive layer and a barrier layer on a substrate for example, when a photosensitive element having a protective layer is used, the protective layer is removed, and then the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive element is heated and pressed onto the substrate to form the photosensitive layer and barrier layer on the substrate.
- a laminate having a substrate, a photosensitive layer, a barrier layer, and a support film in this order.
- the photosensitive layer and barrier layer forming step When the photosensitive layer and barrier layer forming step is carried out using a photosensitive element, it may be carried out under reduced pressure from the viewpoint of adhesion and conformability. Heating during pressure bonding may be carried out at a temperature of 70 to 130°C, and pressure bonding may be carried out at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa (1 to 10 kgf/cm 2 ), but these conditions can be appropriately selected as necessary. If the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive element is heated to 70 to 130°C, it is not necessary to preheat the substrate in advance, but the substrate may be preheated in order to further improve adhesion and conformability.
- the support film is removed, and the photosensitive layer is exposed to active light through the barrier layer.
- the exposed portion irradiated with active light may be photocured to form a photocured portion (latent image), or the unexposed portion not irradiated with active light may be photocured to form a photocured portion.
- the photosensitive layer and the barrier layer are formed using the above-mentioned photosensitive element, the support film present on the photosensitive layer is peeled off, and then the layer is exposed. By exposing the photosensitive layer through the barrier layer, a resist pattern with excellent resolution and resist pattern shape can be formed.
- a publicly known exposure method can be used as the exposure method, and examples of such methods include a method of irradiating an active light beam in an image-like manner through a negative or positive mask pattern called artwork (mask exposure method), an LDI (Laser Direct Imaging) exposure method, or a method of irradiating an active light beam projected from an image of a photomask in an image-like manner through a lens (projection exposure method).
- the projection exposure method may be used from the viewpoint of excellent resolution.
- the photosensitive element etc. according to this embodiment is applied to the projection exposure method.
- the projection exposure method can also be said to be an exposure method that uses an active light beam with an attenuated amount of energy.
- the light source of the actinic rays is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used known light source.
- those that effectively emit ultraviolet rays such as carbon arc lamps, mercury vapor arc lamps, ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, xenon lamps, gas lasers such as argon lasers, solid-state lasers such as YAG lasers, and semiconductor lasers such as gallium nitride blue-violet lasers, can be used.
- gas lasers such as argon lasers
- solid-state lasers such as YAG lasers
- semiconductor lasers such as gallium nitride blue-violet lasers
- a light source that can emit i-line monochromatic light with an exposure wavelength of 365 nm a light source that can emit h-line monochromatic light with an exposure wavelength of 405 nm, or a light source that can emit actinic rays with an exposure wavelength of IHG cross-talk can be used, and in particular, a light source that can emit i-line monochromatic light with an exposure wavelength of 365 nm can be used.
- Examples of light sources that can emit i-line monochromatic light with an exposure wavelength of 365 nm include ultra-high pressure mercury lamps.
- the barrier layer and the uncured portion of the photosensitive layer are removed from the substrate.
- the developing step forms a resist pattern on the substrate, which is made up of a photocured portion of the photosensitive layer.
- the barrier layer may be removed by washing with water, and then the uncured portion other than the photocured portion may be removed by a developer.
- the barrier layer may be removed by a developer together with the uncured portion other than the photocured portion. Examples of the developing method include wet development.
- a developer suitable for the photosensitive resin composition can be used to carry out development by a known wet development method.
- wet development methods include the dipping method, the paddle method, the high-pressure spray method, brushing, slapping, scrubbing, and rocking immersion, and from the viewpoint of improving resolution, the high-pressure spray method is the most suitable. These wet development methods may be used alone or in combination of two or more methods.
- the developer is appropriately selected depending on the composition of the photosensitive resin composition. Examples include alkaline aqueous solutions and organic solvent developers.
- an alkaline aqueous solution may be used as the developer.
- bases for the alkaline aqueous solution include alkali hydroxides such as lithium, sodium, or potassium hydroxide, alkali carbonates such as carbonates or bicarbonates of lithium, sodium, potassium, or ammonium, alkali metal phosphates such as potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate, alkali metal pyrophosphates such as sodium pyrophosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, sodium borate, sodium metasilicate, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, and morpholine.
- the alkaline aqueous solution used for development may be, for example, a dilute solution of 0.1 to 5% by mass sodium carbonate, a dilute solution of 0.1 to 5% by mass potassium carbonate, a dilute solution of 0.1 to 5% by mass sodium hydroxide, or a dilute solution of 0.1 to 5% by mass sodium tetraborate.
- the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution used for development may be in the range of 9 to 11, and the temperature of the alkaline aqueous solution may be adjusted according to the developability of the photosensitive layer.
- the alkaline aqueous solution may also contain, for example, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, or a small amount of an organic solvent to promote development.
- organic solvents used in the alkaline aqueous solution include 3-acetone alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, alkoxyethanol having an alkoxy group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
- organic solvents used in organic solvent developers include 1,1,1-trichloroethane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ⁇ -butyrolactone. To prevent ignition, these organic solvents may be used as organic solvent developers by adding water in the range of 1 to 20% by mass.
- a step of further curing the resist pattern by heating at 60 to 250° C. or exposing to light at an exposure dose of 0.2 to 10 J/cm 2 as necessary may be included.
- the method for producing a printed wiring board according to this embodiment includes a step of forming a conductor pattern by etching or plating a substrate on which a resist pattern has been formed by the above-mentioned method for forming a resist pattern, and may include other steps such as a resist pattern removal step as necessary.
- the method for producing a printed wiring board according to this embodiment can be suitably used for forming a conductor pattern by using the above-mentioned method for forming a resist pattern using a photosensitive element, and is more suitably applied to a method for forming a conductor pattern by plating.
- the conductor pattern can also be called a circuit.
- a resist pattern formed on a substrate having a conductor layer is used as a mask to etch away the conductor layer of the substrate that is not covered by resist, forming a conductor pattern.
- the etching method is appropriately selected depending on the conductor layer to be removed.
- etching solutions include cupric chloride solution, ferric chloride solution, alkaline etching solution, and hydrogen peroxide-based etching solution.
- Ferric chloride solution may also be used because of its good etch factor.
- a resist pattern formed on a substrate with a conductor layer is used as a mask to plate copper or solder onto the conductor layer of the substrate that is not covered by resist.
- the resist is removed by removing the resist pattern, as described below, and the conductor layer that was covered by the resist is then etched to form the conductor pattern.
- the plating method may be electrolytic plating or electroless plating, but electroless plating is preferred.
- electroless plating include copper plating such as copper sulfate plating and copper pyrophosphate plating, solder plating such as high-throw solder plating, nickel plating such as Watts bath (nickel sulfate-nickel chloride) plating and nickel sulfamate plating, and gold plating such as hard gold plating and soft gold plating.
- the resist pattern on the substrate is removed.
- the resist pattern can be removed, for example, by stripping with an aqueous solution that is more strongly alkaline than the aqueous solution used in the development process.
- a strongly alkaline aqueous solution for example, a 1-10% by mass aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, a 1-10% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, etc. may be used. Of these, a 1-5% by mass aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or a 1-5% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide may also be used.
- Methods for removing the resist pattern include, for example, the immersion method and the spray method, which may be used alone or in combination.
- the conductor layer covered by the resist can be etched by etching to form a conductor pattern, thereby producing the desired printed wiring board.
- the method of etching in this case is appropriately selected depending on the conductor layer to be removed.
- the etching solution described above can be used.
- the method for manufacturing a printed wiring board according to this embodiment can be applied to the manufacture of not only single-layer printed wiring boards, but also multi-layer printed wiring boards, and can also be applied to the manufacture of printed wiring boards with small-diameter through holes.
- the method for manufacturing a printed wiring board according to this embodiment can be suitably used for manufacturing high-density package substrates, in particular for manufacturing wiring boards using a semi-additive process.
- An example of the manufacturing process for a wiring board using a semi-additive process is shown in FIG. 2.
- a substrate (substrate for forming a circuit) is prepared in which a conductor layer 40 is formed on an insulating layer 50.
- the conductor layer 40 is, for example, a copper layer.
- a photosensitive layer 30 and a barrier layer 20 are formed on the conductor layer 40 of the substrate by the photosensitive layer and barrier layer forming process.
- the exposure process irradiates the photosensitive layer 30 with active light 80 projected with a photomask image through the barrier layer 20 to form a photocured portion in the photosensitive layer 30.
- the development process removes the areas (including the barrier layer) other than the photocured portion formed by the exposure process from the substrate, thereby forming a resist pattern 32, which is a photocured portion, on the substrate.
- a plating process is performed using the resist pattern 32, which is a photocured portion, as a mask to form a plating layer 60 on the conductor layer 40 of the substrate that is not covered by resist.
- the photocured resist pattern 32 is peeled off with a strong alkaline aqueous solution, and then the conductor layer 40 masked by the resist pattern 32 is removed by flash etching to form the plating layer 62 after etching and the conductor pattern 70 including the conductor layer 42 after etching.
- the conductor layer 40 and the plating layer 60 may be made of the same material or different materials. When the conductor layer 40 and the plating layer 60 are made of the same material, the conductor layer 40 and the plating layer 60 may be integrated. Although the projection exposure method is described in FIG. 2, the resist pattern 32 may be formed by using a combination of a mask exposure method and an LDI exposure method.
- a solution (a) was prepared by mixing 270 g of methacrylic acid, 500 g of styrene, 200 g of benzyl methacrylate, and 30 g of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which are polymerizable monomers, and 9 g of azobisisobutyronitrile.
- a solution (b) was prepared by mixing 1.4 g of azobisisobutyronitrile with a mixture of 160 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 120 g of toluene.
- a mixture of 450 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 380 g of toluene was added to a flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a dropping funnel, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, and then the mixture was stirred while blowing nitrogen gas into the flask and heated to 80°C.
- the solution (a) was added dropwise to the mixture in the flask at a constant dropping rate over 4 hours, and then the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 2 hours.
- the solution (b) was added dropwise to the solution in the flask at a constant dropping rate over 10 minutes, and the solution in the flask was stirred at 80°C for 3 hours.
- the solution in the flask was then heated to 90°C over 30 minutes, and kept at 90°C for 6 hours, after which the stirring was stopped and the solution was cooled to room temperature (25°C) to obtain a solution of binder polymer A-1.
- the non-volatile content (solid content) of the binder polymer A-1 solution was 49% by mass.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the binder polymer A-1 was 35,000.
- the weight average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculated using a calibration curve of standard polystyrene.
- GPC conditions were as follows: (GPC conditions) Column: Gelpack GL-R440, Gelpack GL-R450 and Gelpack GL-R400M (all from Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd.) Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran Measurement temperature: 40° C. Flow rate: 2.05 mL/min. Detector: Hitachi L-2490 RI (Hitachi, Ltd.)
- a resin composition for forming a barrier layer was obtained by mixing the components shown in Table 1 below in the amounts (unit: parts by mass) shown in the same table. Specifically, the water-soluble resin was slowly added to a solvent at room temperature, and after the entire amount was added, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then the leveling agent was mixed and dissolved uniformly, thereby obtaining a resin composition for forming a barrier layer.
- the blending amount of the water-soluble resin in Table 1 is the blending amount in solid content.
- photosensitive resin compositions were obtained by mixing the components shown in Table 1 in the amounts (unit: parts by mass) shown in the same table.
- the blending amount of the binder polymer in Table 1 is the blending amount in terms of solid content.
- Binder polymer *4 A-1 (Binder polymer A-1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1)
- (C) Component Photopolymerization initiator *8: B-CIM (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd., product name) 2,2'-bis(2-chlorophenyl)-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenylbiimidazole
- Measurement condition- Equipment Hybrid laser microscope (manufactured by Lasertec Corporation, product name: OPTELICS HYBRID) Measurement range: 150 ⁇ m square Measurement details: A luminance image of the surface F1 of the PET film was acquired. The acquired luminance image was binarized to measure the particle (lubricant) size and number. The number of particles with a diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m or more within the measurement range of 150 ⁇ m square (0.0225 mm 2 ) was calculated. The measurement was performed five times, and the average value was taken as the number of particles.
- the linear expansion coefficients in the TD direction of the PET films A to E were measured by the following method. First, the PET film was cut into a size of 3 mm x 30 mm so that the TD direction was the longitudinal direction to obtain a test piece. The test piece was set in a thermomechanical analyzer (Seiko Instruments Inc., SSC5200 type) in tension mode with a chuck distance of 20 mm. The set test piece was treated under conditions of a temperature range of 20 to 250 ° C. and a heating rate of 5 ° C. / min, and the linear expansion coefficients in the TD direction of the test piece were measured. From the measurement results, the linear expansion coefficients at 80 to 110 ° C. were read. This linear expansion coefficient is the average value at 80 to 110 ° C.
- the resin composition for forming a barrier layer was applied to the surface F1 of the PET film (support film) so as to have a uniform thickness, and dried for 10 minutes in a hot air convection dryer at 95°C to form a barrier layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m after drying.
- a photosensitive resin composition was applied onto the barrier layer so as to have a uniform thickness, and dried for 10 minutes in a hot air convection dryer at 100° C. to form a photosensitive layer having a dried thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- a polyethylene protective film (manufactured by Tamapoly Co., Ltd., product name "NF-15A") was laminated onto the photosensitive layer to obtain a photosensitive element in which a PET film (support film), a barrier layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer were laminated in that order.
- laminates Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 3 in which the substrate, photosensitive layer, barrier layer, and support film were laminated in this order, or laminates (Comparative Examples 2 and 4) in which the substrate, photosensitive layer, and support film were laminated in this order were obtained.
- laminates were used as test pieces in the tests shown below.
- HLM-3000 manufactured by Taisei Laminator Co., Ltd., product name
- the support film was peeled off from the test pieces of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3, and a glass chrome type phototool (size: 9 cm x 9 cm, having three types of wiring patterns with line width/space width of 10 ⁇ m/10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m/15 ⁇ m, and 20 ⁇ m/20 ⁇ m evenly distributed, or adhesion negative: having a wiring pattern with line width/space width of x/x (x: 1 to 18, unit: ⁇ m)) was placed on the exposed barrier layer as a negative, and the photosensitive layer was exposed at an exposure dose of 110 mJ/cm 2 using a projection exposure apparatus (manufactured by Ushio Inc., product name "UX-2240-SM-XJ01”) with an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (365 nm) as a light source.
- a projection exposure apparatus manufactured by Ushio Inc., product name "UX-2240-SM-XJ01
- UX-2240-SM-XJ01 ultra-high pressure mercury lamp
- the above-mentioned phototool was placed on the support film, and the photosensitive layer was exposed through the support film at an exposure dose of 110 mJ/cm 2 using a projection exposure apparatus (manufactured by Ushio Inc., product name "UX-2240-SM-XJ01”) with an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (365 nm) as a light source.
- a projection exposure apparatus manufactured by Ushio Inc., product name "UX-2240-SM-XJ01”
- UX-2240-SM-XJ01 ultra-high pressure mercury lamp
- the resist pattern formed by the above method (three types of resist patterns (length 9 cm) with line width/space width of 10 ⁇ m/10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m/15 ⁇ m, and 20 ⁇ m/20 ⁇ m were evenly arranged over a width of 9 cm so that the number of lines was the same in an area of 9 cm x 9 cm) was inspected using an automatic optical inspection device (AOI, manufactured by Orbotech Japan, product name "Ultra Fusion 600”), and the number of resist defects where the resist was missing by 5 ⁇ m or more was counted. The number of resist defects was counted for five resist patterns for evaluation, and the total was taken as the number of defects. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the LER (Line Edge Roughness) of the resist pattern formed by the above method was measured by the following method. That is, a Computer Numerical Control image measuring system (manufactured by Nikon Corporation, product name "NEXIV VMZ-R4540") was used to image an area in which a resist pattern with a line width/space width of 5 ⁇ m/5 ⁇ m was formed. The contour of the resist pattern on the substrate was identified by scanning measurement using the NEXIV VMZ-R4540, and the coordinates of the contour of the resist pattern were measured for six lines of the resist pattern.
- NEXIV VMZ-R4540 Computer Numerical Control image measuring system
- the coordinates of 260 points which were incremented by 0.2 ⁇ m over a length of 52 ⁇ m, were measured for each of the contours on one side and the other side of the line. In addition, these measurements were performed at three locations for each of the six lines. As a result, the coordinates of a total of 9,360 points were measured. Then, based on the coordinates of the measured 9,360 points, the variation (3 ⁇ ) of the contour of the resist pattern was calculated. The value 3 ⁇ of the resist pattern contour is the LER (Line Edge Roughness). The results are shown in Table 2.
- a copper-clad laminate (manufactured by Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd., product name "MCL-E-679", size: 500 mm or more x 500 mm or more), which is a glass epoxy material with copper foil (thickness: 35 ⁇ m) laminated on both sides, was pickled and washed with water, then air-dried and heated to 80 ° C. While peeling off the protective layer, the above-mentioned photosensitive element was pressure-bonded to the copper-clad laminate so that the photosensitive layer was in contact with the copper surface. Pressure bonding was performed using a heat roll at 110 ° C. at a roll speed of 1.0 m / min under a pressure of 0.40 MPa.
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Abstract
Description
[1]支持フィルムと、バリア層と、感光層とをこの順で備える感光性エレメントであって、上記支持フィルムの上記バリア層側の表面において測定される直径0.8μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり100個以下である、感光性エレメント。
[2]上記支持フィルムの上記バリア層側の表面において測定される直径0.8μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり5個以上である、上記[1]に記載の感光性エレメント。
[3]上記支持フィルムの80~110℃におけるTD方向の線膨張係数が30ppm/K以上である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の感光性エレメント。
[4]上記支持フィルムの80~110℃におけるTD方向の線膨張係数が170ppm/K以下である、上記[3]に記載の感光性エレメント。
[5]上記バリア層が、水溶性樹脂を含む、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の感光性エレメント。
[6]上記バリア層の厚みが2~12μmである、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の感光性エレメント。
[7]上記支持フィルムの上記バリア層側の表面において測定される直径5.0μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり0個である、上記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の感光性エレメント。
[8]上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の感光性エレメントを用いて、基板上に、該基板側から感光層とバリア層と支持フィルムとをこの順で配置する工程と、上記支持フィルムを除去し、上記バリア層を介して上記感光層を活性光線によって露光する工程と、上記感光層の未硬化部及び上記バリア層を上記基板上から除去する工程と、を有する、レジストパターンの形成方法。
[9]上記[8]に記載のレジストパターンの形成方法によりレジストパターンが形成された基板をエッチング処理又はめっき処理して導体パターンを形成する工程を有する、プリント配線板の製造方法。
本実施形態の感光性エレメント1は、図1に示すように、支持フィルム2と、バリア層3と、感光層4とをこの順で備え、保護層5等のその他の層を更に備えてもよい。また、支持フィルム2のバリア層3側の表面F1において測定される直径0.8μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり100個以下である。以下、本実施形態に係る感光性エレメントにおける各層について詳述する。
本実施形態の支持フィルムとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)及びポリエチレン-2,6-ナフタレート(PEN)等のポリエステルフィルム、並びに、ポリプロピレン及びポリエチレン等のポリオレフィンフィルムが挙げられる。中でも、ポリエステルフィルムを用いてもよい。支持フィルムとしてポリエステルフィルムを用いることで、支持フィルムの機械強度及び熱に対する耐性を向上できる傾向がある。また、ポリエステルフィルムを用いることで、支持フィルム上にバリア層を形成する際に発生するバリア層のしわ等の不良を抑制でき、作業性を向上できる傾向がある。また、滑り性及び巻き取り性を高める観点から、粒子(滑剤等)を含むポリエステルフィルムを用いてもよい。粒子(滑剤等)を含むポリエステルフィルムを用いる場合、粒子(滑剤等)を有する側の面にバリア層を形成してもよい。このようなポリエステルフィルムとしては、例えば、粒子(滑剤等)が練り込まれたポリエステルフィルム、両面に粒子(滑剤等)を含有する層を形成しているポリエステルフィルム、又は、片面に粒子(滑剤等)を含有する層を形成しているポリエステルフィルムを用いてもよい。なお、支持フィルムは、単層であっても多層であってもよい。
装置:ハイブリッドレーザーマイクロスコープ(レーザーテック株式会社製、製品名:OPTELICS HYBRID)
測定範囲:150μm角
測定の内容:支持フィルムの表面F1の輝度画像を取得。取得した輝度画像を2値化処理して粒子(滑剤)サイズ及び個数を計測。直径0.8μm以上の粒子の150μm角(0.0225mm2)の測定範囲内での個数を算出。
本実施形態の感光性エレメントは、支持フィルムと感光層との間にバリア層を備える。バリア層は、20℃、65%RH環境下における酸素透過率が6000mL/m2・day・MPa以下(膜厚25μm換算値)であってよい。バリア層は、バリア層形成用樹脂組成物を用いて形成される層であってよい。本実施形態のバリア層形成用樹脂組成物は、水溶性樹脂を含有してもよい。また、バリア層は、水溶性を有していてもよく、現像液に対する溶解性を有していてもよい。なお、バリア層によるガスバリア性をより向上できる観点で、支持フィルムとバリア層との接着力は、バリア層と感光層との接着力より小さくてもよい。この場合、感光性エレメントから支持フィルムを剥離する際に、バリア層と感光層との意図せぬ剥離を抑制することができる。
バリア層は、水溶性樹脂を含有してもよい。ここで、「水溶性樹脂」とは、25℃のヘキサン100mLに対する溶解度が5g/100mL-C6H14以下である樹脂を意味する。この溶解度は、25℃のヘキサンと乾燥した水溶性樹脂とを混合し、白濁の有無を調べることで算出できる。具体的には、すり合わせガラス栓付で無色透明のガラス容器に、乾燥後の水溶性樹脂A(g)とヘキサン100mLとの混合液を入れて得られた試料1、及び、ヘキサンのみ100mLを入れて得られた試料2をそれぞれ用意する。次いで、ガラス容器内の試料を十分に振り混ぜた後、泡が消えたことを確認する。確認後直ちに、拡散昼光又はそれと同等の光の下で、両容器を並べ、試料1の液の状態と試料2の液の状態とを比較する。試料1と試料2とを比較し、試料1がより曇ることが観察され始めた又は固形分の浮遊が観察され始めたときの添加量A(g)を、該水溶性樹脂の25℃のヘキサン100mLに対する溶解度とする。
バリア層はレベリング剤を含有してもよい。レベリング剤は、塗膜表面に配向し、塗膜表面の張力を均一化するものである。レベリング剤の種類としては、アクリル系ポリマー、ビニル系、シリコーン系、フッ素系等が挙げられる。レベリング剤は、感光性エレメントへの転写性、及び現像液への溶解性の観点から、アクリル系ポリマーであることが好ましい。アクリル系ポリマーは、バリア層と支持フィルムとの密着性を適度な範囲とし、支持フィルムとバリア層との接着力をバリア層と感光層との接着力より小さくしつつ、各層間の意図せぬ剥離を抑制する観点、及び、バリア層を支持フィルム上に形成する際に、バリア層表面に欠陥が生じることを抑制しやすい(ハジキが生じ難い)観点から、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、及び、末端メトキシ基EO変性(メタ)アクリレートからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種に由来する構造単位を有する共重合体を含むことが好ましく、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート及びイソブチル(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構造単位を有する共重合体を含むことがより好ましく、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、及び末端メトキシ基EO変性(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構造単位を有する共重合体を含むことが更に好ましい。
バリア層は紫外線吸収剤を含有してもよい。紫外線吸収剤(UV吸収剤)は、300nm~400nmの波長範囲に光吸収帯を持つ化合物である。紫外線吸収剤は、水溶性であってもよい。紫外線吸収剤は、解像度をより向上させる観点から、250nm~500nmの波長範囲に極大吸収波長を有していてもよい。これらの紫外線吸収剤を含有することにより、解像度を向上させることができる。
本実施形態のバリア層形成用樹脂組成物は、炭素数3以上のアルコール類を含んでいてもよい。炭素数3以上のアルコール類は、一価アルコール類であってもよく、多価アルコール類であってもよい(後述する多価アルコール化合物の可塑剤を除く)。炭素数3以上のアルコール類は、下記化学式(2)~(4)で表される化合物、及び下記一般式(5)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有してもよい。これらの炭素数3以上のアルコール類を含有することにより、バリア層と支持フィルムとの剥離性を向上させることができる。そのため、感光性エレメントから支持フィルムを剥離する場合に、バリア層と感光層との意図せぬ剥離を抑制でき、かかる意図せぬ剥離に起因したガスバリア性の低下、及び、解像度の低下を抑制することができる。
本実施形態の感光層は、後述する感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成される層である。感光性樹脂組成物は、光照射されることによって性質が変わる(例えば、光硬化する)ものであれば、所望の目的に合わせて用いることができ、ネガ型であってもポジ型であってもよい。感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)バインダーポリマー、(B)光重合性化合物及び(C)光重合開始剤を含有してもよい。また、必要に応じて、(D)光増感剤、(E)重合禁止剤又はその他の成分を含有してもよい。以下、本実施形態における感光性樹脂組成物で用いられる各成分についてより詳細に説明する。
(A)バインダーポリマー(以下、「(A)成分」ともいう)は、例えば、重合性単量体をラジカル重合させることにより製造することができる。上記重合性単量体としては、例えば、スチレン、ビニルトルエン及びα-メチルスチレン等のα-位又は芳香族環において置換されている重合可能なスチレン誘導体、ジアセトンアクリルアミド等のアクリルアミド、アクリロニトリル、ビニル-n-ブチルエーテル等のビニルアルコールのエーテル類、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル、ベンジルメタクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸ベンジルエステル、(メタ)アクリル酸テトラヒドロフルフリルエステル、(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチルエステル、(メタ)アクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチルエステル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジルエステル、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アクリル酸、α-ブロモアクリル酸、α-クロルアクリル酸、β-フリル(メタ)アクリル酸、β-スチリル(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、マレイン酸無水物、マレイン酸モノメチル、マレイン酸モノエチル、マレイン酸モノイソプロピル等のマレイン酸モノエステル、フマール酸、ケイ皮酸、α-シアノケイ皮酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸及びプロピオール酸が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
H2C=C(R6)-COOR7 (II)
本実施形態に係る感光性樹脂組成物は、(B)光重合性化合物(以下、「(B)成分」ともいう)を含んでもよい。(B)成分は、光重合可能な化合物、光架橋可能な化合物であれば、特に制限なく用いることができるが、例えば、分子内に少なくとも1つのエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る感光性樹脂組成物は、(C)光重合開始剤(以下、「(C)成分」ともいう)を少なくとも1種含有してもよい。(C)成分は、(B)成分を重合させることができるものであれば、特に制限は無く、通常用いられる光重合開始剤から適宜選択することができる。
本実施形態に係る感光性樹脂組成物は、(D)光増感剤(以下、「(D)成分」ともいう)を含んでもよい。(D)成分を含有することにより、露光に用いる活性光線の吸収波長を有効に利用することができる傾向がある。
本実施形態に係る感光性樹脂組成物は、(E)重合禁止剤(以下、「(E)成分」ともいう)を含んでもよい。(E)成分を含有することにより、感光性樹脂組成物を光硬化させるために必要な露光量を、投影露光機で露光するのに最適な露光量に調整することができる傾向がある。(E)成分としては、例えば、カテコール、レゾルシノール(レゾルシン)、1,4-ヒドロキノン、2-メチルカテコール、3-メチルカテコール、4-メチルカテコール、2-エチルカテコール、3-エチルカテコール、4-エチルカテコール、2-プロピルカテコール、3-プロピルカテコール、4-プロピルカテコール、2-n-ブチルカテコール、3-n-ブチルカテコール、4-n-ブチルカテコール、2-tert-ブチルカテコール、3-tert-ブチルカテコール、4-tert-ブチルカテコール、3,5-ジ-tert-ブチルカテコール等のアルキルカテコール、2-メチルレゾルシノール、4-メチルレゾルシノール、5-メチルレゾルシノール(オルシン)、2-エチルレゾルシノール、4-エチルレゾルシノール、2-プロピルレゾルシノール、4-プロピルレゾルシノール、2-n-ブチルレゾルシノール、4-n-ブチルレゾルシノール、2-tert-ブチルレゾルシノール、4-tert-ブチルレゾルシノール等のアルキルレゾルシノール、メチルヒドロキノン、エチルヒドロキノン、プロピルヒドロキノン、tert-ブチルヒドロキノン、2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルヒドロキノン等のアルキルヒドロキノン、ピロガロール、フロログルシンなどが挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る感光性樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、マラカイトグリーン、ビクトリアピュアブルー、ブリリアントグリーン及びメチルバイオレット等の染料、トリブロモフェニルスルホン、ロイコクリスタルバイオレット、ジフェニルアミン、ベンジルアミン、トリフェニルアミン、ジエチルアニリン、及びo-クロロアニリン等の光発色剤、熱発色防止剤、p-トルエンスルホンアミド等の可塑剤、顔料、充填剤、消泡剤、難燃剤、密着性付与剤、レベリング剤、剥離促進剤、酸化防止剤、香料、イメージング剤、熱架橋剤などの添加剤を、(A)成分及び(B)成分の固形分総量100質量部に対して各々0.01~20質量部含有することができる。これらの添加剤は1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本実施形態の感光性エレメントは、感光層のバリア層と接する面とは反対側の面に保護層を積層することもできる。保護層としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等の重合体フィルムなどを用いてもよい。また、上述する支持フィルムと同様の重合体フィルムを用いてもよく、異なる重合体フィルムを用いてもよい。
まず、例えば、ポリビニルアルコールを含有する水溶性樹脂を、固形分含有量が10~20質量%となるように、70~90℃に加温した水と必要に応じて用いられる有機溶媒との混合溶剤に徐々に加えて1時間程度撹拌、その後、必要に応じてレベリング剤等の他の成分を混合して均一に溶解させて、バリア層形成用樹脂組成物を得る。本明細書において、「固形分」とは、樹脂組成物の水、有機溶剤等の揮発する物質を除いた不揮発分を指す。すなわち、乾燥工程で揮発せずに残る、水、有機溶剤等の溶剤以外の成分を指し、25℃付近の室温で液状、水飴状及びワックス状のものも含む。
本実施形態に係るレジストパターンの形成方法は、(i)上記感光性エレメントを用いて、基板上に、該基板側から感光層とバリア層と支持フィルムとをこの順で配置する工程(以下、「(i)感光層及びバリア層形成工程」ともいう)と、(ii)上記支持フィルムを除去し、上記バリア層を介して上記感光層を活性光線によって露光する工程(以下、「(ii)露光工程」ともいう)と、(iii)上記バリア層及び上記感光層の未硬化部を上記基板上から除去する工程(以下、「(iii)現像工程」ともいう)と、を備え、必要に応じてその他の工程を含んでもよい。なお、レジストパターンとは、感光性樹脂組成物の光硬化物パターンともいえ、レリーフパターンともいえる。また、目的に応じて、本実施形態におけるレジストパターンは、レジストとして使用してもよいし、保護膜等の他の用途に使用してもよい。
感光層及びバリア層形成工程においては、基板上に上記感光性エレメントを用いて感光層及びバリア層を形成する。上記基板としては、特に制限されないが、通常、絶縁層と絶縁層上に形成された導体層とを備えた回路形成用基板、又は、合金基材等のダイパッド(リードフレーム用基材)などが用いられる。
露光工程においては、支持フィルムを除去し、バリア層を介して感光層を活性光線によって露光する。これにより、活性光線が照射された露光部が光硬化して、光硬化部(潜像)が形成されていてもよく、また、活性光線が照射されていない未露光部が光硬化して、光硬化部が形成されていてもよい。上記感光性エレメントを用いて感光層及びバリア層を形成した場合には、感光層上に存在する支持フィルムを剥離した後、露光する。バリア層を介して感光層を露光することにより、解像度及びレジストパターン形状に優れたレジストパターンを形成することができる。
現像工程においては、上記バリア層及び上記感光層の未硬化部を基板上から除去する。現像工程により、上記感光層が光硬化した光硬化部からなるレジストパターンが基板上に形成される。バリア層が水溶性である場合には、水洗してバリア層を除去してから、上記光硬化部以外の未硬化部を現像液により除去してもよく、バリア層が現像液に対して溶解性を有する場合には、上記光硬化部以外の未硬化部と共にバリア層を現像液により除去してもよい。現像方法には、ウェット現像が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係るレジストパターンの形成方法では、現像工程において未硬化部を除去した後、必要に応じて60~250℃での加熱又は0.2~10J/cm2の露光量での露光を行うことによりレジストパターンを更に硬化する工程を含んでもよい。
本実施形態に係るプリント配線板の製造方法は、上記レジストパターンの形成方法によりレジストパターンが形成された基板をエッチング処理又はめっき処理して導体パターンを形成する工程を含み、必要に応じてレジストパターン除去工程等のその他の工程を含んでもよい。本実施形態に係るプリント配線板の製造方法は、上記感光性エレメントによるレジストパターンの形成方法を使用することで、導体パターンの形成に好適に使用できるが、中でも、めっき処理により導体パターンを形成する方法への応用がより好適である。なお、導体パターンは、回路ともいえる。
重合性単量体(モノマー)であるメタクリル酸270g、スチレン500g、ベンジルメタクリレート200g、及び2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート30g、並びに、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル9gを混合して、溶液(a)を調製した。また、1-メトキシ―2-プロパノール160g及びトルエン120gの混合液にアゾビスイソブチロニトリル1.4gを混合して、溶液(b)を調製した。撹拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、滴下ロート及び窒素ガス導入管を備えたフラスコに、1-メトキシ―2-プロパノール450g及びトルエン380gの混合液を投入した後、フラスコ内に窒素ガスを吹き込みながら撹拌し、80℃まで昇温させた。フラスコ内の上記混合液に、滴下速度を一定にして上記溶液(a)を4時間かけて滴下した後、80℃にて2時間撹拌した。次いで、フラスコ内の溶液に、滴下速度を一定にして上記溶液(b)を10分間かけて滴下した後、フラスコ内の溶液を80℃にて3時間撹拌した。さらに、フラスコ内の溶液を30分間かけて90℃まで昇温させ、90℃にて6時間保温した後、撹拌を止め、室温(25℃)まで冷却して、バインダーポリマーA-1の溶液を得た。バインダーポリマーA-1の溶液の不揮発分(固形分)は49質量%であった。また、バインダーポリマーA-1の重量平均分子量(Mw)は35000であった。
(GPC条件)
カラム:Gelpack GL-R440、Gelpack GL-R450及びGelpack GL-R400M(以上、昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社)を連結
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
測定温度:40℃
流量:2.05mL/分
検出器:日立 L-2490型RI(株式会社日立製作所)
下記表1に示す各成分を同表に示す量(単位:質量部)で混合することにより、バリア層形成用樹脂組成物を得た。具体的には、水溶性樹脂を室温の溶剤にゆっくりと加えて、全量添加後、1時間撹拌し、次いでレベリング剤を混合して均一に溶解させ、バリア層形成用樹脂組成物を得た。なお、表1中の水溶性樹脂の配合量は、固形分での配合量である。
次に、下記表1に示す各成分を同表に示す量(単位:質量部)で混合することにより、感光性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、表1中のバインダーポリマーの配合量は、固形分での配合量である。
(水溶性樹脂)
*1:HC-100G(ポリビニルアルコール、大成化薬株式会社製、製品名:マルタイトHC-100G、固形分13.5質量%)
*2:K-30(ポリビニルピロリドン、株式会社日本触媒製、製品名)
*3:WS-314(アクリルポリマー、共栄社化学株式会社製、製品名、成分:アクリル系重合物48質量%及び3-メトキシ-3-メチル-1-ブタノール52質量%、アクリル系重合物の組成:ブチル(メタ)アクリレート約6.89モル%、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート約61.4モル%及び末端メトキシ基EO変性(メタ)アクリレート約31.7モル%の共重合体)
*4:A-1(合成例1で得られたバインダーポリマーA-1)
*5:FA-321M(昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社製、製品名)
2,2-ビス(4-(メタクリロキシポリエトキシ)フェニル)プロパン(エチレンオキサイド平均10mol付加物)
*6:FA-024M(昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社製、製品名)
(PO)(EO)(PO)変性ジメタクリレート(エチレンオキサイド平均6mol及びプロピレンオキサイド平均12mol付加物(合計値))
*7:BP-2EM(共栄社化学株式会社製、製品名)
2,2-ビス(4-(メタクリロキシポリエトキシ)フェニル)プロパン(EO基:2.6(合計値))
*8:B-CIM(保土谷化学工業株式会社製、製品名)
2,2’-ビス(2-クロロフェニル)-4,4’,5,5’-テトラフェニルビイミダゾール
*9:PZ-501D(株式会社日本化学工業所製、製品名)
1-フェニル-3-(4-メトキシスチリル)-5-(4-メトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン
*10:Q-TBC-5P(DIC株式会社製、製品名)
4-tert-ブチルカテコール
*11:LA-7RD(株式会社アデカ製、製品名)
4-ヒドロキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-N-オキシル
*12:ロイコクリスタルバイオレット(山田化学工業株式会社)(発色剤)
*13:SF-808H(サンワ化成株式会社製、製品名)(密着付与剤)
カルボキシベンゾトリアゾール、5-アミノ-1H-テトラゾール及びメトキシプロパノールの混合物
*14:マラカイトグリーン(大阪有機化学工業株式会社製)(染料)
<感光性エレメントの作製>
(支持フィルムの準備)
感光性エレメントの支持フィルムとして、滑剤(粒子)を含有する5種類のPETフィルムA~Eを用意した。PETフィルムA~Eの厚みは、いずれも16μmである。また、PETフィルムA~Eは、含有する滑剤(粒子)の大きさ及び含有量がそれぞれ異なる。PETフィルムA~Eに対し以下の測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
PETフィルムA~Eについて、バリア層又は感光層を形成する側の表面F1における直径0.8μm以上の粒子の0.0225mm2あたりの個数を、レーザー顕微鏡を用いて以下の条件で測定した。
装置:ハイブリッドレーザーマイクロスコープ(レーザーテック株式会社製、製品名:OPTELICS HYBRID)
測定範囲:150μm角
測定の内容:PETフィルムの表面F1の輝度画像を取得。取得した輝度画像を2値化処理して粒子(滑剤)サイズ及び個数を計測。直径0.8μm以上の粒子の150μm角(0.0225mm2)の測定範囲内での個数を算出。測定は5回行い、平均値を粒子個数とした。
PETフィルムA~Eについて、バリア層又は感光層を形成する側の表面F1における直径5.0μm以上の粒子の0.0225mm2あたりの個数を、上記直径0.8μm以上の粒子の個数の測定と同様の方法で測定した。
PETフィルムA~Eのヘーズを、JIS K7105に規定される方法に準拠して、濁度計(日本電色工業株式会社製、製品名「NDH-5000」)を用いて測定した。
PETフィルムA~EのTD方向の線膨張係数を以下の方法で測定した。まず、PETフィルムのTD方向が長手方向になるように3mm×30mmサイズに切断して試験片を得た。試験片を熱機械分析装置(セイコーインスツル株式会社製、SSC5200型)に、引っ張りモードで、チャック間距離20mmでセットした。セットした試験片を温度範囲20~250℃、昇温速度5℃/分の条件で処理し、試験片のTD方向の線膨張係数を測定した。測定結果から、80~110℃における線膨張係数を読み取った。この線膨張係数は、80~110℃における平均値である。
次に、PETフィルム(支持フィルム)の表面F1上に、厚みが均一になるようにバリア層形成用樹脂組成物を塗布して、95℃の熱風対流式乾燥機で10分間乾燥し、乾燥後の厚みが5μmであるバリア層を形成した。
次に、バリア層上に、厚みが均一になるように感光性樹脂組成物を塗布して、100℃の熱風対流式乾燥機で10分間乾燥し、乾燥後の厚みが15μmである感光層を形成した。
<感光性エレメントの作製>
バリア層を設けなかったこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、PETフィルム(支持フィルム)と、感光層と、保護層とがこの順に積層された感光性エレメントを得た。
<感光性エレメントの作製>
バリア層を設けなかったこと以外は比較例3と同様にして、PETフィルム(支持フィルム)と、感光層と、保護層とがこの順に積層された感光性エレメントを得た。
<積層体の作製>
基板としてCuスパッタPETフィルム(ジオマテック株式会社製、板厚:125μm、Ra<50nm)を80℃に加温し、保護層を剥がしながら、感光層が銅表面に接するように上記感光性エレメントをそれぞれ基板に圧着した。圧着は、110℃のヒートロールを用いて、0.40MPaの圧力で1.0m/分のロール速度で行った。こうして、基板と、感光層と、バリア層と、支持フィルムとがこの順に積層された積層体(実施例1~3、比較例1及び3)、又は、基板と、感光層と、支持フィルムとがこの順に積層された積層体(比較例2及び4)を得た。これらの積層体は、以下に示す試験における試験片として用いた。ラミネータとして、HLM-3000(大成ラミネーター株式会社製、製品名)を用いた。
試験片から支持フィルムを剥離し、バリア層又は感光層を露出させ、30℃の1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液をスプレーした。感光層が完全に除去されるまでの時間を計測し、最小現像時間とした。
実施例1~3、比較例1及び3の試験片から支持フィルムを剥離し、露出したバリア層上に、ネガとしてガラスクロムタイプのフォトツール(サイズ:9cm×9cm、ライン幅/スペース幅が10μm/10μm、15μm/15μm、及び、20μm/20μmの3種類の配線パターンを均等に有するもの、又は、密着性ネガ:ライン幅/スペース幅がx/x(x:1~18、単位:μm)の配線パターンを有するもの)を載置し、超高圧水銀ランプ(365nm)を光源とする投影露光装置(ウシオ電機株式会社製、製品名「UX-2240-SM-XJ01」)を用いて、110mJ/cm2の露光量で感光層を露光した。露光後、30℃の1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を最小現像時間の2倍の時間でスプレーし、未露光部分を除去してレジストパターンを形成した。同様の操作を5回行い、評価用のレジストパターンを5つ作製した。
上記方法で形成されたレジストパターン(9cm×9cmの領域内に、ライン幅/スペース幅が10μm/10μm、15μm/15μm、及び、20μm/20μmの3種類のレジストパターン(長さ9cm)が、いずれも同じ本数となるように幅9cmにわたって均等に設けられたもの)を、自動光学検査装置(AOI、日本オルボテック社製、製品名「Ultra Fusion 600」)を用いて検査し、レジストが5μm以上欠損しているレジスト欠損部の個数を数えた。評価用のレジストパターン5つについて上記レジスト欠損部の個数を数え、その合計を欠損個数とした。結果を表2に示す。
上記方法で形成されたレジストパターンのLER(Line Edge Roughness)を、以下の方法で測定した。
すなわち、Computer Numerical Control画像測定システム(株式会社ニコン製、製品名「NEXIV VMZ-R4540」)を用いて、ライン幅/スペース幅が5μm/5μmのレジストパターンが形成されている領域を撮像した。NEXIV VMZ-R4540のスキャニング測定で、基板上のレジストパターンの輪郭を特定するとともに、レジストパターンの6本のラインに対して、レジストパターンの輪郭の座標を測定した。座標の測定では、52μmの長さを0.2μmで刻んだ260点の座標の測定を、ラインの一方側の輪郭及び他方側の輪郭のそれぞれについて行った。また、これらの測定を、6本のラインのそれぞれについて3カ所ずつ行った。これにより、合計9360点の座標を測定した。そして、測定した9360点の座標に基づいて、レジストパターンの輪郭のバラツキ(3σ)を算出した。σは標準偏差であり、レジストパターンの輪郭の3σがLER(Line Edge Roughness)である。結果を表2に示す。
銅箔(厚さ:35μm)を両面に積層したガラスエポキシ材である銅張積層板(昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社製、製品名「MCL-E-679」、サイズ:500mm以上×500mm以上)を酸洗及び水洗後、空気乾燥させ、80℃に加熱した。保護層を剥がしながら、感光層が銅表面に接するように上記感光性エレメントをそれぞれ銅張積層板に圧着した。圧着は、110℃のヒートロールを用いて、0.40MPaの圧力で1.0m/分のロール速度で行った。圧着後、銅張積層板と感光層との間のボイドの有無を観察し、下記評価基準に基づいて評価した。結果を表2に示す。
A:ボイドが観察されなかった。
B:ボイドがごくまれに観察された。
C:ボイドがまれに観察された。
Claims (9)
- 支持フィルムと、バリア層と、感光層とをこの順で備える感光性エレメントであって、
前記支持フィルムの前記バリア層側の表面において測定される直径0.8μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり100個以下である、感光性エレメント。 - 前記支持フィルムの前記バリア層側の表面において測定される直径0.8μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり5個以上である、請求項1に記載の感光性エレメント。
- 前記支持フィルムの80~110℃におけるTD方向の線膨張係数が30ppm/K以上である、請求項1に記載の感光性エレメント。
- 前記支持フィルムの80~110℃におけるTD方向の線膨張係数が170ppm/K以下である、請求項3に記載の感光性エレメント。
- 前記バリア層が、水溶性樹脂を含む、請求項1に記載の感光性エレメント。
- 前記バリア層の厚みが2~12μmである、請求項1に記載の感光性エレメント。
- 前記支持フィルムの前記バリア層側の表面において測定される直径5.0μm以上の粒子の個数が、0.0225mm2あたり0個である、請求項1に記載の感光性エレメント。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の感光性エレメントを用いて、基板上に、該基板側から感光層とバリア層と支持フィルムとをこの順で配置する工程と、
前記支持フィルムを除去し、前記バリア層を介して前記感光層を活性光線によって露光する工程と、
前記感光層の未硬化部及び前記バリア層を前記基板上から除去する工程と、
を有する、レジストパターンの形成方法。 - 請求項8に記載のレジストパターンの形成方法によりレジストパターンが形成された基板をエッチング処理又はめっき処理して導体パターンを形成する工程を有する、プリント配線板の製造方法。
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WO2019123979A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | 東レ株式会社 | 二軸配向積層フィルム |
WO2022163778A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 積層体の製造方法、回路配線の製造方法、電子デバイスの製造方法、及び、感光性転写材料 |
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