WO2023135944A1 - マルチコア光ファイバの製造方法及びマルチコア光ファイバ - Google Patents
マルチコア光ファイバの製造方法及びマルチコア光ファイバ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023135944A1 WO2023135944A1 PCT/JP2022/043417 JP2022043417W WO2023135944A1 WO 2023135944 A1 WO2023135944 A1 WO 2023135944A1 JP 2022043417 W JP2022043417 W JP 2022043417W WO 2023135944 A1 WO2023135944 A1 WO 2023135944A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refractive index
- changing portion
- optical fiber
- holes
- diameter
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 101100221226 Zea mays COAC2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a multi-core optical fiber and a multi-core optical fiber.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese application No. 2022-002526 filed on January 11, 2022, and incorporates all the descriptions described in the Japanese application.
- MCF multi-core optical fiber
- multiple cores are arranged in one fiber, so the core density can be improved.
- the number of cores can be increased while keeping the outer diameter of the optical fiber cable constant. It is also possible to reduce the outer diameter of the cable while keeping the number of cores contained in the optical fiber cable constant.
- the distance between cores can be made smaller than that of conventional optical fibers arranged in a fiber array, utilization as high-density optical wiring is also expected.
- a refractive index changing portion having a refractive index different from that of the common clad may be provided in addition to the core.
- Patent Literature 1 describes an MCF provided with markers for visual recognition.
- Patent Literature 2 describes an MCF provided with a leakage reduction portion that reduces leakage light from the core region.
- a common clad tube provided with a plurality of holes is produced, and the inner surfaces of the holes of the common clad tube are subjected to vapor phase treatment (removal of impurities and smoothing). Subsequently, the core and the glass rod serving as the refractive index changing portion are inserted into the plurality of holes, the common clad tube and the glass rod are heated and integrated, and then spun.
- a method for manufacturing an MCF according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a common clad, a plurality of cores having a refractive index higher than that of the common clad, and a refractive index changing portion having a refractive index different from that of the common clad. and a manufacturing method of MCF.
- a method for manufacturing an MCF includes a step of forming a common clad tube by providing a plurality of first holes axially penetrating a first glass rod and a second hole having a diameter different from that of the first holes; A step of vapor-phase treating the inner surface of the first hole and the inner surface of the second hole, inserting one of the plurality of core rods into each of the plurality of vapor-phase-treated first holes, and and forming a second glass rod by inserting a refractive index changing portion rod into the two holes and integrating by heating.
- the common clad tube is formed such that the diameter of the plurality of first holes is less than or equal to four times the diameter of the second holes.
- An MCF includes a plurality of cores, a plurality of individual clads surrounding the plurality of cores, a refractive index change portion, and a common clad surrounding the plurality of individual clads and the refractive index change portion.
- the multiple cores have a refractive index higher than that of the common cladding.
- the refractive index change portion has a refractive index different from that of the common cladding.
- the diameters of the plurality of individual claddings are more than 1 times and 4 times or less the diameter of the refractive index changing portion.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the MCF according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of refractive index distribution along arrow x in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of refractive index distribution along arrow x in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of refractive index distribution along arrow x in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of refractive index distribution along arrow x in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the method of manufacturing the MCF according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a common clad tube.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining vapor phase processing.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining vapor phase processing.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the second glass rod.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of the refractive index distribution of MCF according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing an example of the refractive index distribution of MCF according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the MCF according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a common clad tube.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the second glass rod.
- the diameter of the core is designed to be larger than the diameter of the refractive index changing portion.
- the easiness of flow of the gas for vapor phase treatment varies depending on the size of the holes. Since the diameter of the hole corresponding to the refractive index change portion is small, it is difficult for the gas for vapor phase treatment to flow, and the vapor phase treatment is difficult to proceed. Therefore, interfacial bubbles and foreign matter remain, which may cause variations in the clad diameter. If the overall gas flow rate is increased to solve this problem, the holes corresponding to the cores will undergo too much vapor phase processing and the clearance between the core rods and the holes will increase. As a result, there is a risk that the core will be misaligned.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide an MCF manufacturing method and an MCF capable of suppressing variations in clad diameter and core misalignment.
- a method for manufacturing an MCF according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a common clad, a plurality of cores having a refractive index higher than that of the common clad, and a refractive index changing portion having a refractive index different from that of the common clad. and a manufacturing method of MCF.
- a method for manufacturing an MCF includes a step of forming a common clad tube by providing a plurality of first holes axially penetrating a first glass rod and a second hole having a diameter different from that of the first holes; A step of vapor-phase treating the inner surface of the first hole and the inner surface of the second hole, inserting one of the plurality of core rods into each of the plurality of vapor-phase-treated first holes, and and forming a second glass rod by inserting a refractive index changing portion rod into the two holes and integrating by heating.
- the common clad tube is formed such that the diameter of the plurality of first holes is less than or equal to four times the diameter of the second holes.
- the gas-phase treatment of the second holes can be advanced to the extent that interface bubbles and residual foreign matter can be suppressed, and variations in the clad diameter can be suppressed.
- the holes are less likely to interfere with each other, and the degree of freedom in arranging the cores can be increased.
- the diameter of the plurality of first holes may be larger than 1 times the diameter of the second holes, or may be 1.1 times or more.
- the common clad tube may be formed such that the diameter of the plurality of first holes is 3.2 times or less the diameter of the second holes. In this case, it can be estimated that when the inner surface of the first hole is shaved by 0.2 mm by vapor phase treatment, the inner surface of the second hole is shaved by 6 ⁇ m. Therefore, depending on the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second hole, it is possible to suppress variations in clad diameter and displacement of the core.
- the common clad tube may be formed such that the diameter of the plurality of first holes is 2.1 times or less the diameter of the second holes. In this case, it can be estimated that when the inner surface of the first hole is shaved by 0.2 mm by vapor phase treatment, the inner surface of the second hole is shaved by 20 ⁇ m. Therefore, depending on the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second hole, it is possible to suppress variations in clad diameter and displacement of the core.
- the common clad tube may be formed so that the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second holes is smaller than the surface roughness of the inner surfaces of the plurality of first holes. In this case, even if the effect of the vapor phase treatment on the second hole is small, the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second hole after the vapor phase treatment can be brought close to the surface roughness of the inner surface of the first hole.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value of the relative refractive index of the refractive index change rod and the relative refractive index of the common clad tube is greater than 0.3%, and is common to the relative refractive index of the outer peripheral surface of the refractive index change rod.
- the absolute value of the difference from the relative refractive index of the clad tube may be 0.2% or less.
- XT the visibility of the refractive index changing portion or the effect of reducing crosstalk
- a dopant is added to the refractive index changing rod, and the dopant concentration in the outer region of the refractive index changing rod may be lower than the dopant concentration in the inner region of the refractive index changing rod.
- the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index between the refractive index changing portion rod and the common clad tube can be realized.
- a first dopant may be added to the inner region of the refractive index changing rod, and a second dopant different from the first dopant may be added to the outer region of the refractive index changing rod.
- the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index between the refractive index changing portion rod and the common clad tube can be realized.
- the refractive index changing portion may be a marker arranged at a position asymmetric with respect to the symmetry of the arrangement of the cores. In this case, each core of the MCF can be identified.
- the refractive index changing portion may be an XT reducing portion arranged between adjacent cores. In this case, the transmission loss of MCF is suppressed.
- the above MCF manufacturing method further includes a step of drawing the second glass rod, and the drawing step may be performed simultaneously with the step of forming the second glass rod.
- the common clad tube, the core rod, and the refractive index change section rod are heated and integrated to form the second glass rod, and the drawing is performed at the same time, so that the MCF can be efficiently manufactured.
- the above MCF manufacturing method may further include the step of drawing the second glass rod, and the drawing step may be performed separately from the step of forming the second glass rod.
- the drawing step may be performed separately from the step of forming the second glass rod.
- the second glass rod is melted by heating again and drawn, so that the degree of freedom of the drawing temperature can be increased.
- An MCF includes a plurality of cores, a plurality of individual clads surrounding the plurality of cores, a refractive index change portion, and a common clad surrounding the plurality of individual clads and the refractive index change portion.
- the multiple cores have a refractive index higher than that of the common cladding.
- the refractive index change portion has a refractive index different from that of the common cladding.
- the diameters of the plurality of individual claddings are more than 1 times and 4 times or less the diameter of the refractive index changing portion.
- the diameter of the plurality of individual clads may be 3.2 times or less the diameter of the refractive index changing portion. Even in this case, variations in the clad diameter and displacement of the core can be suppressed.
- the diameter of the plurality of individual clads may be 2.1 times or less the diameter of the refractive index changing portion. Even in this case, variations in the clad diameter and displacement of the core can be suppressed.
- the maximum absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the refractive index changing portion and the relative refractive index of the common clad is greater than 0.3%, and the ratio of the relative refractive index on the outer peripheral surface of the refractive index changing portion to the common clad
- the absolute value of the difference from the refractive index may be 0.2% or less. In this case, the visibility of the refractive index change portion or the effect of reducing XT is ensured, and the fluctuation of the clad diameter is suppressed by suppressing interface bubbles.
- a dopant is added to the refractive index changing portion, and the dopant concentration in the outer region of the refractive index changing portion may be lower than the dopant concentration in the inner region of the refractive index changing portion.
- the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index can be realized between the refractive index changing portion and the common clad.
- a first dopant may be added to the inner region of the refractive index changing portion, and a second dopant different from the first dopant may be added to the outer region of the refractive index changing portion.
- the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index can be realized between the refractive index changing portion and the common clad.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the MCF according to the first embodiment.
- the MCF 1 according to the first embodiment includes multiple cores 2 , multiple individual clads 3 , a refractive index changing portion 4 and a common clad 5 .
- the number of cores 2 and the number of individual clads 3 are each four.
- the MCF 1 is made of a silica-based glass material.
- a plurality of cores 2 extend along the central axis of MCF1.
- the plurality of cores 2 are arranged at positions that are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the MCF 1 in a cross section orthogonal to the central axis of the MCF 1 .
- the cross-sectional shapes of the plurality of cores 2 are the same circular shape.
- the diameter of the core 2 is, for example, 6 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less.
- Core 2 has a refractive index higher than that of common cladding 5 .
- the core 2 contains, for example, germanium or the like as a dopant for adjusting the refractive index.
- the core 2 may contain no dopant for adjusting the refractive index and the common clad 5 may contain a dopant (for example, fluorine) for lowering the refractive index.
- a plurality of individual clads 3 surround a plurality of cores 2. Each individual cladding 3 surrounds the corresponding core 2 .
- the individual cladding 3 is in contact with the core 2.
- the diameter d3 of the individual clad 3 is, for example, 20 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the individual clad 3 is, for example, 4 ⁇ m or more and 17 ⁇ m or less.
- the individual claddings 3 have a refractive index that is the same as or different from that of the common cladding 5 .
- the refractive index changing portion 4 is provided apart from the plurality of cores 2 and the plurality of individual clads 3 .
- the refractive index changing portion 4 is arranged at a position that is asymmetric with respect to the symmetry of the arrangement of the cores 2 , that is, at a position that destroys the symmetry of the arrangement of the cores 2 .
- the diameter d4 of the refractive index changing portion 4 is smaller than the diameter d3 of the individual cladding 3 .
- a ratio d3/d4 of diameter d3 to diameter d4 is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 4. That is, the diameter d3 is greater than 1 times and less than or equal to 4 times the diameter d4.
- the ratio d3/d4 may be 3.2 times or less, or may be 2.1 times or less. That is, the diameter d3 may be 3.2 times or less the diameter d4, or may be 2.1 times or less.
- the refractive index changing portion 4 includes an outer peripheral surface 4a, an outer region 4b including the outer peripheral surface 4a, and an inner region 4c located inside the outer region 4b.
- the outer peripheral surface 4 a is in contact with the common clad 5 .
- the outer region 4b is in contact with the inner region 4c.
- the thickness of the outer region 4b is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the diameter of the inner region 4c is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b and the refractive index of the inner region 4c are different from each other.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive indices of the inner region 4 c and the common clad 5 is greater than the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive indices of the outer region 4 b and the common clad 5 .
- the refractive index of the inner region 4c is uniform over the entire inner region 4c.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the inner region 4c and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5 is the maximum absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the refractive index changing portion 4 and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5. be.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum relative refractive index of the refractive index changing portion 4 and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5 is greater than 0.3%.
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b may be uniform over the entire outer region 4b, or may vary.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the outer peripheral surface 4a of the refractive index changing portion 4 and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5 is 0.2% or less. At the interface between the outer region 4b and the common clad 5, the refractive index changes discontinuously.
- a dopant for adjusting the refractive index is added to the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- a single dopant may be added to the refractive index changing portion 4, and the refractive distribution shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 may be realized by varying the concentration of the dopant.
- two types of dopants may be added to the refractive index changing portion 4, and the refractive index distributions shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 may be realized by using different types of dopants.
- the refractive index of the inner region 4c is higher than the refractive index of the common cladding 5 and the refractive index of the outer region 4b.
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b is lower than that of the inner region 4c and higher than that of the common cladding 5.
- FIG. The refractive index of the outer region 4b changes (decreases) so as to approach the refractive index of the common clad 5 from the inner region 4c toward the outer peripheral surface 4a.
- the change in refractive index of the outer region 4b is continuous.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the outer region 4b and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5 is the smallest at the outer peripheral surface 4a.
- a single dopant is added to the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- Dopants are, for example, germanium, chlorine, and the like.
- the dopant concentration in the outer region 4b is lower than the dopant concentration in the inner region 4c.
- the dopant concentration in the outer region 4b changes (decreases) from the inner region 4c toward the outer peripheral surface 4a.
- the refractive index of the inner region 4c is lower than the refractive index of the common cladding 5 and the refractive index of the outer region 4b.
- the refractive index of the outer region 4 b is higher than that of the inner region 4 c and lower than that of the common cladding 5 .
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b changes (increases) so as to approach the refractive index of the common clad 5 from the inner region 4c toward the outer peripheral surface 4a.
- the change in refractive index of the outer region 4b is continuous.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the outer region 4b and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5 is the smallest at the outer peripheral surface 4a.
- a single dopant is added to the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- a dopant is fluorine etc., for example.
- the dopant concentration in the outer region 4b is lower than the dopant concentration in the inner region 4c.
- the dopant concentration in the outer region 4b changes (decreases) from the inner region 4c toward the outer peripheral surface 4a.
- the refractive index of the inner region 4c is higher than the refractive index of the common cladding 5 and the refractive index of the outer region 4b.
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b is lower than the refractive index of the inner region 4c and the refractive index of the common cladding 5 .
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b is uniform over the entire outer region 4b.
- Different types of first dopant and second dopant are added to the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- a first dopant is added to the inner region 4c.
- the first dopant is, for example, germanium, chlorine, or the like.
- a second dopant is added to the outer region 4b.
- the second dopant is, for example, fluorine.
- the refractive index of the inner region 4c is lower than the refractive index of the common cladding 5 and the refractive index of the outer region 4b.
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b is higher than the refractive index of the inner region 4c and the refractive index of the common cladding 5 .
- the refractive index of the outer region 4b is uniform over the entire outer region 4b.
- Different types of first dopant and second dopant are added to the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- a first dopant is added to the inner region 4c.
- the first dopant is, for example, fluorine.
- a second dopant is added to the outer region 4b.
- the second dopant is, for example, germanium, chlorine, or the like.
- the refractive index changing portion 4 is a marker that enables identification of the plurality of cores 2 .
- a common clad 5 surrounds the plurality of individual clads 3 and the refractive index changing portions 4 .
- the common clad 5 is in contact with each of the individual clads 3 and the refractive index changing portions 4 .
- the diameter (cladding diameter) of the common clad 5 is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the method of manufacturing the MCF according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the manufacturing method of MCF1 includes steps S1 to S4.
- the step S1 is a step of forming a common clad tube 10 that will become the common clad 5.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a common clad tube. As shown in FIG. 7, in step S1, by providing a plurality of first holes 11 axially penetrating a first glass rod (not shown) and second holes 12 having a different diameter from the first holes 11, , a common cladding tube 10 is formed.
- Step S2 is performed after the step S1.
- Step S2 is a step of subjecting the inner surfaces of the plurality of first holes 11 and the inner surfaces of the second holes 12 to vapor phase treatment.
- the outer peripheral surface of the common clad tube 10 is heated by an external heat source 13 while the vapor-phase treatment gas flows through the plurality of first holes 11 and the second holes 12 of the common clad tube 10.
- the external heat source 13 for example, an induction furnace, a resistance furnace, an oxyhydrogen burner, or the like is used.
- Vapor-phase processing gas is introduced into the common clad tube 10 through the glass tube 14 connected to one end of the common clad tube 10 and is introduced into the common clad tube 10 through the glass tube 14 connected to the other end of the common clad tube 10 .
- the tube 10 is discharged.
- the vapor phase treatment is, for example, an etching treatment for smoothing the inner surface of the common clad tube 10 (that is, the inner surfaces of the plurality of first holes 11 and the inner surfaces of the second holes 12).
- an etching gas such as SF6 , for example, is used as the vapor phase processing gas.
- the vapor phase treatment is, for example, a cleaning process for removing foreign matter from the inner surface of the common clad tube 10 (that is, foreign matter from the inner surfaces of the plurality of first holes 11 and foreign matter from the inner surfaces of the second holes 12).
- a cleansing gas such as chlorine or oxygen (that is, a baking gas) is used as the vapor phase treatment gas.
- Step S3 is performed after step S2.
- Step S3 is a step of inserting a plurality of core rods 21 into a plurality of first holes 11, inserting a refractive index change portion rod 22 into a plurality of second holes 12, and heating and integrating them to form a second glass rod 20.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the second glass rod.
- the second glass rod 20 is an MCF base material.
- the core rod 21 used in step S3 has a core portion 23 that serves as the core 2 and an individual clad portion 24 that serves as the individual clad 3 .
- the refractive index changing portion rod 22 becomes the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- the refractive index changing portion rod 22 includes an outer peripheral surface 22a that serves as the outer peripheral surface 4a, an outer region 22b that serves as the outer region 4b, and an inner region 22c that serves as the inner region 4c.
- the refractive index of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 corresponds to the refractive index of the refractive index changing portion 4 .
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value of the relative refractive index of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 and the relative refractive index of the common clad tube 10 is greater than 0.3%.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the outer peripheral surface 22a of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 and the relative refractive index of the common clad tube 10 is 0.2% or less.
- the dopant added to the refractive index changing portion rod 22 corresponds to the dopant added to the refractive index changing portion 4 . That is, the index change rod 22 corresponding to the examples shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is doped with a single dopant. The dopant concentration in the outer region of the refractive index changing rod 22 is lower than the dopant concentration in the inner region of the refractive index changing rod 22 . Different kinds of first dopant and second dopant are added to the refractive index changing portion rod 22 corresponding to the examples shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 . A first dopant is added to the inner region of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 . A second dopant is added to the outer region of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 .
- the refractive index changing portion rod 22 corresponding to the examples shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is produced by, for example, a VAD (Vapor-phase Axial Deposition) method, an OVD (Outside Vapor Deposition) method, a collapse method, or the like.
- VAD Vapor-phase Axial Deposition
- OVD Outside Vapor Deposition
- Step S4 is a step of drawing the second glass rod 20 formed in step S3.
- MCF1 is manufactured.
- Process S4 is performed simultaneously with process S3, for example.
- the common clad tube 10, the core rod 21, and the refractive index change portion rod 22 are heat-integrated to form the second glass rod 20, and the drawing is performed at the same time.
- Step S4 may be performed separately from step S3. In this case, after the second glass rod 20 is formed, the second glass rod 20 is melted by heating again for wire drawing, so the degree of freedom of the wire drawing temperature can be increased.
- the easiness of flow of the vapor phase treatment gas varies depending on the size of the holes. Therefore, it is difficult to smooth the inner surface of the small-diameter hole, and it is difficult to obtain the effect of removing foreign matter.
- air bubbles tend to remain.
- foreign matter remains on the inner surface of the common clad tube, it will lead to a decrease in fiber strength and aggravation of transmission loss. In either case, quality defects such as variations in clad diameter are likely to occur during fiberization. Markers are often arranged closer to the outer periphery of the common clad than the core, and it is known that bubbles at the interface between the markers and the common clad tend to swell during fiberization.
- the range of ratio d11/d12 of the diameter d11 of the plurality of first holes 11 to the diameter d12 of the second holes 12 of the common clad tube 10 is defined.
- the pressure loss ⁇ P is proportional to the average flow velocity in the pipe and inversely proportional to the square of the hole diameter. Since the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the common clad tube 10 (that is, both ends of the common clad tube 10) is constant, the pressure loss in each hole 11, 12 is assumed to be equal.
- the average gas flow velocity is proportional to the square of the diameters d11 and d12 of the holes 11 and 12, respectively.
- the volume of glass that reacts in each of the holes 11 and 12 is proportional to the flow rate of the gas flowing through each of the holes 11 and 12 .
- the hole with a larger inner surface area that is, a larger diameter
- the thickness to be cut at each of the holes 11 and 12 is inversely proportional to the diameters d11 and d12). Taking this into consideration, the ratio of the thickness cut by the holes 11 and 12 can be calculated.
- the etching thickness of the inner surface of the hole is proportional to the cube of the diameter of the hole, it can be estimated as follows, assuming that the etching thickness of the inner surface of the first hole 11 is suppressed to 0.2 mm or less. - When the ratio d11/d12 is 4.0, the etching thickness of the inner surface of the second hole 12 is 3 ⁇ m. - When the ratio d11/d12 is 3.2, the etching thickness of the inner surface of the second hole 12 is 6 ⁇ m. - When the ratio d11/d12 is 2.1, the etching thickness of the inner surface of the second hole 12 is 20 ⁇ m.
- the common clad tube 10 is formed such that the ratio d11/d12 is 4 times or less, that is, the diameter d11 is 4 times or less than the diameter d12.
- the common clad tube 10 is formed so that the ratio d11/d12 is 3.2 times or less, that is, the diameter d11 is 3.2 times or less than the diameter d12, depending on the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second hole 12.
- the ratio d11/d12 may be 2.1 times or less, that is, the diameter d11 may be formed to be 2.1 times or less than the diameter d12.
- step S1 the common clad tube 10 is formed so that the ratio d11/d12 is four times or less. Therefore, the vapor phase treatment of the second holes 12 can be advanced to the extent that interface bubbles and residual foreign matter can be suppressed, and variations in the clad diameter can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the progress of the vapor phase treatment of the first hole 11 to the extent that it is possible to suppress the clearance between the core rod 21 and the first hole 11 from becoming large, thereby suppressing the displacement of the core 2 . .
- the refractive index changing portion is designed to be smaller than the core.
- the optical properties of MCF vary greatly depending on the design of the core.
- the refractive index change portion is a marker, it is sufficient if it can be identified, and if it is an XT reduction portion, it is sufficient if XT can be reduced.
- the refractive index changing portion can be arranged. Limited area. Further, when the refractive index changing portion is a marker, it is necessary to offset the refractive index changing portion in order to destroy the symmetry of the core arrangement. If the refractive index change portion is large, the offset amount cannot be increased, making it difficult to function as a marker.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value of the relative refractive index of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 and the relative refractive index of the common clad tube 10 is greater than 0.3%. Thereby, the visibility of the refractive index changing portion 4 can be ensured.
- the absolute value of the difference between the relative refractive index of the outer peripheral surface 22a of the refractive index changing portion rod 22 and the relative refractive index of the common clad tube 10A is 0.2% or less. As a result, the difference in viscosity at the collapse interface between the refractive index changing portion 4 and the common clad 5 can be reduced, and the generation of interface bubbles can be suppressed.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are graphs showing examples of refractive index distributions of MCFs according to comparative examples.
- a single dopant is uniformly added over the entire refractive index changing portion 4, and the refractive index of the refractive index changing portion 4 is 4 is uniform over the entire area, which is different from the MCF 1 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the comparative example, the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index between the refractive index changing portion 4 and the common clad 5 as in the present embodiment cannot be realized.
- the refractive index changing portion rod 22 is doped with a single dopant, and the dopant concentration in the outer region 22b is lower than the dopant concentration in the inner region 22c.
- the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index between the refractive index change portion 4 and the common clad 5 is realized.
- a first dopant is added to the inner region 22c, and a second dopant different from the first dopant is added to the outer region 22b.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 the relationship between the refractive index and the relative refractive index between the refractive index change portion 4 and the common clad 5 can be realized.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the MCF according to the second embodiment.
- the refractive index change portion 4A is an XT reduction portion that is arranged between adjacent cores 2 and serves as a barrier for XT reduction.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum relative refractive index of the refractive index changing portion 4A and the relative refractive index of the common clad 5 is greater than 0.3%. This ensures the XT reduction effect of the refractive index changing portion 4A.
- the MCF 1A includes, for example, a plurality of refractive index changing portions 4A, and the refractive index changing portions 4A are arranged at a plurality of locations.
- the MCF 1A has four refractive index changing portions 4A.
- the common clad tube 10A shown in FIG. 13 is formed in step S1.
- the common clad tube 10A differs from the common clad tube 10 in that second holes 12A are provided instead of the second holes 12A.
- the common clad tube 10A is provided with, for example, a plurality of second holes 12A.
- the common clad tube 10A is provided with four second holes 12A.
- Step S2 is performed in the same manner as step S2 of the manufacturing method of MCF1.
- step S3 the core rod 21 and the refractive index changing portion rod 22A are inserted into the common clad tube 10A and integrated by heating to form the second glass rod 20A shown in FIG.
- the second glass rod 20A differs from the second glass rod 20 in that instead of the common clad tube 10 and the refractive index change rod 22, a common clad tube 10A and a refractive index change rod 22A are provided.
- Step S4 is performed in the same manner as step S4 of the manufacturing method of MCF1.
- the common clad tube 10 may be formed such that the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second holes 12 is smaller than the surface roughness of the inner surfaces of the plurality of first holes 11 .
- the surface roughness of the inner surfaces of the second holes 12 after the vapor phase treatment is brought close to the surface roughness of the inner surfaces of the first holes 11. be able to.
- a method of changing the surface roughness of the inner surface of the second hole 12 there are a method of changing the number of the drill used for drilling, a method of slowing the processing speed, and a method of polishing the inner surface after drilling.
- the surface roughness can be measured with a commercially available surface roughness measuring instrument.
- Surface roughness is, for example, arithmetic mean roughness.
- the surface roughness can be confirmed by measuring a range of about 5 mm.
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Abstract
Description
一般にコアの直径は、屈折率変化部の直径よりも大きく設計される。共通クラッド管の気相処理では、孔の大きさによって気相処理用ガスの流れ易さが異なる。屈折率変化部に対応する孔では、直径が小さいために気相処理用ガスが流れ難く、気相処理が進行し難い。よって、界面気泡や異物残留が生じ、クラッド径の変動を引き起こすおそれがある。この問題を解決するために全体のガス流量を増やすと、コアに対応する孔では、気相処理が進行し過ぎ、コアロッドと孔との間のクリアランスが大きくなる。その結果、コアの位置ずれが生じるおそれがある。
本開示によれば、クラッド径の変動及びコアの位置ずれを抑制可能なMCFの製造方法及びMCFを提供することができる。
最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。本開示の一態様に係るMCFの製造方法は、共通クラッドと、共通クラッドの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有する複数のコアと、共通クラッドの屈折率とは異なる屈折率を有する屈折率変化部と、を備えるMCFの製造方法である。MCFの製造方法は、第1ガラスロッドに軸方向に貫通する複数の第1孔、及び、第1孔と異なる直径を有する第2孔を設けることにより、共通クラッド管を形成する工程と、複数の第1孔の内面、及び、第2孔の内面を気相処理する工程と、気相処理された複数の第1孔の各々に複数のコアロッドのうちの1つをそれぞれ挿入すると共に、第2孔に屈折率変化部ロッドを挿入し、加熱一体化することにより第2ガラスロッドを形成する工程と、を含む。共通クラッド管は、複数の第1孔の直径が第2孔の直径の4倍以下となるように形成される。
本開示のMCFの製造方法及びMCFの具体例を、以下に図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。図面の説明において同一の要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
図1は、第1実施形態に係るMCFの断面図である。図1に示されるように、第1実施形態に係るMCF1は、複数のコア2と、複数の個別クラッド3と、屈折率変化部4と、共通クラッド5と、を備える。本実施形態では、コア2の数、及び、個別クラッド3の数は、それぞれ4である。MCF1は、シリカ系ガラス材料からなる。
・比d11/d12が4.0の場合、第2孔12の内面のエッチング厚さは3μm。
・比d11/d12が3.2の場合、第2孔12の内面のエッチング厚さは6μm。
・比d11/d12が2.1の場合、第2孔12の内面のエッチング厚さは20μm。
図12は、第2実施形態に係るMCFの断面図である。図12に示される第2実施形態に係るMCF1Aは、屈折率変化部4の代わりに屈折率変化部4Aを備える点で、MCF1と相違している。屈折率変化部4Aは、隣り合うコア2間に配置され、XT低減用の障壁となるXT低減部である。MCF1Aにおいても、屈折率変化部4Aの比屈折率の最大値と共通クラッド5の比屈折率との差の絶対値は、0.3%よりも大きい。これにより、屈折率変化部4AによるXT低減効果が確保される。
2…コア
3…個別クラッド
4…屈折率変化部
4a…外周面
4b…外側領域
4c…内側領域
5…共通クラッド
10…共通クラッド管
11…第1孔
12…第2孔
13…外部熱源
14…ガラス管
20…第2ガラスロッド
21…コアロッド
22…屈折率変化部ロッド
22a…外周面
22b…外側領域
22c…内側領域
23…コア部
24…個別クラッド部
d3…直径
d4…直径
d11…直径
d12…直径
Claims (19)
- 共通クラッドと、前記共通クラッドの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有する複数のコアと、前記共通クラッドの屈折率とは異なる屈折率を有する屈折率変化部と、を備えるマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法であって、
第1ガラスロッドに軸方向に貫通する複数の第1孔、及び、前記第1孔と異なる直径を有する第2孔を設けることにより、共通クラッド管を形成する工程と、
前記複数の第1孔の内面、及び、前記第2孔の内面を気相処理する工程と、
前記気相処理された前記複数の第1孔の各々に複数のコアロッドのうちの1つをそれぞれ挿入すると共に、前記第2孔に屈折率変化部ロッドを挿入し、加熱一体化することにより第2ガラスロッドを形成する工程と、を含み、
前記共通クラッド管は、前記複数の第1孔の直径が前記第2孔の直径の4倍以下となるように形成される、
マルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記共通クラッド管は、前記複数の第1孔の直径が前記第2孔の直径の3.2倍以下となるように形成される、
請求項1に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記共通クラッド管は、前記複数の第1孔の直径が前記第2孔の直径の2.1倍以下となるように形成される、
請求項1または請求項2に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記共通クラッド管は、前記第2孔の内面の表面粗さが、前記複数の第1孔の内面の表面粗さよりも小さくなるように形成される、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記屈折率変化部ロッドの比屈折率の最大値と前記共通クラッド管の比屈折率との差の絶対値は、0.3%よりも大きく、
前記屈折率変化部ロッドの外周面における比屈折率と前記共通クラッド管の比屈折率との差の絶対値は、0.2%以下である、
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記屈折率変化部ロッドには、ドーパントが添加されており、
前記屈折率変化部ロッドの外側領域における前記ドーパントの濃度は、前記屈折率変化部ロッドの内側領域における前記ドーパントの濃度よりも低い、
請求項5に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記屈折率変化部ロッドの内側領域には、第1ドーパントが添加されており、
前記屈折率変化部ロッドの外側領域には、前記第1ドーパントとは異なる第2ドーパントが添加されている、
請求項5に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記屈折率変化部は、前記複数のコアの配置の対称性に対して非対称となる位置に配置されている、
請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記屈折率変化部は、隣り合うコア間に配置されるクロストーク低減部である、
請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記第2ガラスロッドを線引きする工程を更に含み、
前記線引きする工程は、前記第2ガラスロッドを形成する工程と同時に行われる、
請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 前記第2ガラスロッドを線引きする工程を更に含み、
前記線引きする工程は、前記第2ガラスロッドを形成する工程とは別に行われる、
請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバの製造方法。 - 複数のコアと、
前記複数のコアを取り囲む複数の個別クラッドと、
屈折率変化部と、
前記複数の個別クラッドと前記屈折率変化部とを取り囲む共通クラッドと、を備え、
前記複数のコアは、前記共通クラッドの屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有し、
前記屈折率変化部は、前記共通クラッドの屈折率とは異なる屈折率を有し、
前記複数の個別クラッドの直径は、前記屈折率変化部の直径の1倍より大きく4倍以下である、
マルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記複数の個別クラッドの直径は、前記屈折率変化部の直径の3.2倍以下である、
請求項12に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記複数の個別クラッドの直径は、前記屈折率変化部の直径の2.1倍以下である、
請求項12または請求項13に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記屈折率変化部の比屈折率と前記共通クラッドの比屈折率との差の絶対値の最大値は、0.3%よりも大きく、
前記屈折率変化部の外周面における比屈折率と前記共通クラッドの比屈折率との差の絶対値は、0.2%以下である、
請求項12から請求項14のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記屈折率変化部には、ドーパントが添加されており、
前記屈折率変化部の外側領域における前記ドーパントの濃度は、前記屈折率変化部の内側領域における前記ドーパントの濃度よりも低い、
請求項15に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記屈折率変化部の内側領域には、第1ドーパントが添加されており、
前記屈折率変化部の外側領域には、前記第1ドーパントとは異なる第2ドーパントが添加されている、
請求項15に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記屈折率変化部は、前記複数のコアの配置の対称性に対して非対称となる位置に配置されている、
請求項12から請求項17のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。 - 前記屈折率変化部は、隣り合うコア間に配置されるクロストーク低減部である、
請求項12から請求項17のいずれか一項に記載のマルチコア光ファイバ。
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JPS62280704A (ja) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 単一偏波光フアイバおよびその製造方法 |
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