WO2023140300A1 - 金属インク、金属インクの製造方法、金属層の製造方法、及び金属層 - Google Patents
金属インク、金属インクの製造方法、金属層の製造方法、及び金属層 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023140300A1 WO2023140300A1 PCT/JP2023/001406 JP2023001406W WO2023140300A1 WO 2023140300 A1 WO2023140300 A1 WO 2023140300A1 JP 2023001406 W JP2023001406 W JP 2023001406W WO 2023140300 A1 WO2023140300 A1 WO 2023140300A1
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- metal
- solvent
- ink
- metal ink
- particles
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N ribitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver chlorate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal ink, a method for producing a metal ink, a method for producing a metal layer, and a metal layer.
- Patent Document 1 describes forming a solder layer on the member.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a silver paste is used to form a metal layer.
- Silver paste can be sintered under relatively low temperature conditions, and the melting point of the bonding layer formed after sintering is the same as that of silver. Therefore, the metal layer made of the sintered silver paste has excellent heat resistance and can be used stably even in a high-temperature environment or in a large-current application.
- copper paste may be used as shown in Patent Document 3, for example.
- a metal ink in which metal particles are dispersed in a liquid may be used instead of a metal paste such as a copper paste.
- Metallic inks may be advantageous in manufacturing, for example, because they can be ejected from nozzles.
- JP 2004-172378 A Japanese Patent No. 6531547 JP 2019-67515 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and aims to provide a metal ink that can be stored appropriately for a long period of time while suppressing aggregation of metal particles, a method for manufacturing the metal ink, a method for manufacturing a metal layer, and a metal layer.
- the metal ink of the present disclosure contains metal particles, a solvent, an organic solvent that has a boiling point of 150°C or higher at atmospheric pressure and is miscible with water, and a polyhydric alcohol that contains two or more OH groups and is soluble in water and ethanol.
- the polyhydric alcohol is preferably contained in a mass ratio of 0.01% or more and 20.0% or less with respect to the total amount of the metal ink.
- the metal particles are preferably contained in a mass ratio of 1.0% or more and 50.0% or less with respect to the total amount of the metal ink.
- the organic solvent is preferably contained in a mass ratio of 0.01% or more and 30.0% or less with respect to the total amount of the metal ink.
- the organic solvent preferably contains at least one of a glycol ether and an aprotic polar solvent.
- the polyhydric alcohol preferably has a melting point of 30°C or higher.
- the solvent preferably contains water.
- the solvent preferably contains ethanol.
- the solvent preferably contains one or more OH groups, a boiling point of 150°C or higher, and a high boiling point solvent that is a liquid that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water.
- the metal particles are preferably at least one of copper and silver.
- the metal particles are copper or silver
- the solvent contains water
- the organic solvent contains at least one of glycol ether and an aprotic polar solvent
- the polyhydric alcohol contains at least one polyhydric alcohol that contains two or more OH groups, is soluble in water and ethanol, and has a melting point of 30°C or higher.
- the method for producing a metal ink of the present disclosure mixes metal particles, a solvent, an organic solvent that has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher at atmospheric pressure and is miscible with water, and a polyhydric alcohol that contains two or more OH groups and is soluble in water and ethanol, to produce a metal ink containing the metal particles, the solvent, and the polyhydric alcohol.
- a first metal ink that is a metal ink containing the metal particles, water, the organic solvent, and the polyhydric alcohol.
- a second metal ink which is a metal ink containing the metal particles, water, the organic solvent, the ethanol, and the polyhydric alcohol.
- the second metal ink with a high boiling point solvent as the solvent that contains one or more OH groups, has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and is a liquid that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water to produce a third metal ink that is a metal ink containing the metal particles, water, the organic solvent, the ethanol, the high boiling point solvent, and the polyhydric alcohol.
- a high boiling point solvent as the solvent that contains one or more OH groups, has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and is a liquid that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water to produce a third metal ink that is a metal ink containing the metal particles, water, the organic solvent, the ethanol, the high boiling point solvent, and the polyhydric alcohol.
- the metal ink is heated to form a metal layer.
- the metal layer of the present disclosure is preferably made using the metal ink.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the metal ink according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the method for producing a metal ink according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3B is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3C is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3D is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3E is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3A is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3B is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3C is
- FIG. 3F is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3G is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3H is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 3I is a table showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the metal ink according to this embodiment.
- the metal ink 10 according to this embodiment includes metal particles 12, a polyhydric alcohol 14, a solvent 16, and an organic solvent .
- the metal ink 10 refers to an ink-like substance in which the metal particles 12 are not dissolved in the liquid solvent 16 and the solid metal particles 12 are present in the solvent 16 .
- the metal particles 12 may be sedimented in the solvent 16, or the metal particles 12 may be dispersed.
- the metal ink 10 is used for forming a metal layer on a member (for example, forming wiring). For example, after jetting and drying the metal ink 10 from a nozzle onto a base material (resin, metal film, resin, metal, ceramic, etc., or a substrate combining these), the metal particles 12 are sintered or melted by heating to remove other components, followed by cooling to form a metal layer formed of the metal components of the metal particles 12 on the base material.
- the use of the metal ink 10 is not limited to this and may be arbitrary.
- the conditions for producing the metal layer using the metal ink 10 may be arbitrary, but it is preferable to heat the metal ink 10 under an oxidizing gas atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or a reducing gas atmosphere.
- the metal particles 12 are metal particles.
- the metal particles 12 are preferably copper or silver particles, and may contain both copper and silver. That is, it can be said that the metal particles 12 are preferably particles of at least one of copper and silver.
- the metal particles 12 preferably have a particle size (Peak value of particle size distribution (number)) of 10 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.
- the particle size of the metal particles 12 in the metal ink 10 can be obtained as the peak value of the particle size distribution (number) of the metal particles 12 using a particle size measuring device (Zetasizer Nano Series ZSP manufactured by Malvern).
- a particle size measuring device Zetasizer Nano Series ZSP manufactured by Malvern.
- the metal ink 10 may be diluted and dispersed about 10 to 1000 times with the main solvent (water, ethanol, or high boiling point solvent) in the metal ink 10 before measurement.
- the particle size of the metal particles 12 is preferably in the range of 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and particularly preferably in the range of 30 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the metal particles 12 can be determined by measuring the amount of gas adsorbed by the metal particles 12 using nitrogen or krypton gas as the measurement gas with a specific surface area measuring device (QUANTACHROME AUTOSORB-iQ2, manufactured by Quantachrome Instruments).
- the BET specific surface area of the metal particles 12 is preferably in the range of 2.0 m 2 /g or more and 8.0 m 2 /g or less, more preferably in the range of 3.5 m 2 /g or more and 8.0 m 2 /g or less, and particularly preferably in the range of 4.0 m 2 /g or more and 8.0 m 2 /g or less.
- the shape of the metal particles 12 is not limited to a spherical shape, and may be a needle shape or a flat plate shape.
- the surface of the metal particles 12 is preferably partially or wholly covered with an organic substance.
- an organic substance By being coated with an organic substance, oxidation of the metal particles 12 is suppressed, and deterioration of sinterability due to oxidation of the metal particles 12 is even less likely to occur.
- the organic substance coating the metal particles 12 is not formed by the polyhydric alcohol 14 or the solvent 16 and is not derived from the polyhydric alcohol 14 or the solvent 16 .
- the organic substance covering the metal particles 12 is not a metal oxide (copper oxide or silver oxide) formed by oxidation of metal.
- the metal particles 12 are coated with an organic substance can be confirmed by analyzing the surface of the metal particles 12 using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS).
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the metal particles 12 preferably have a ratio of the amount of C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ ions detected to the amount of Cu + ions detected by analyzing the surface using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ /Cu + ratio) of 0.001 or more. More preferably, the C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ /Cu + ratio is in the range of 0.05 or more and 0.2 or less.
- the surface of the metal particle 12 in this analysis is not the surface of the metal particle 12 when the organic matter is removed from the metal particle 12, but the surface of the metal particle 12 containing the coating organic matter (i.e., the surface of the organic matter).
- the ratio of the amount of C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ ions detected to the amount of Ag + ions detected by analyzing the surface of the metal particles 12 using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is preferably 0.001 or more, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.2.
- C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ ions and C 5 or higher ions may be detected by surface analysis using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.
- the ratio of the detected amount of C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ ions to the detected amount of Cu + ions is preferably 0.001 or more.
- the ratio of the detected amount of C5 or higher ions to the detected amount of Cu + ions is preferably less than 0.005.
- the ratio of the detected amount of C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ ions to the detected amount of Ag + ions is preferably 0.001 or more.
- the ratio of the detected amount of C5 or higher ions to the detected amount of Ag + ions is preferably less than 0.005.
- the C 3 H 3 O 3 - ions, C 3 H 4 O 2 - ions, and C 5 or higher ions detected in the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry are derived from the organic substances coating the surfaces of the metal particles 12 . Therefore, when each of the C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ /Cu + ratio and the C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ /Cu + ratio is 0.001 or more, the surfaces of the metal particles 12 are less likely to be oxidized and the metal particles 12 are less likely to agglomerate.
- the C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ /Cu + ratio and the C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ /Cu + ratio are 0.2 or less, the oxidation and aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be suppressed without excessively deteriorating the sinterability of the metal particles 12, and the generation of decomposition gas of organic substances during heating can be suppressed, so that a bonding layer with few voids can be formed.
- the C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ /Cu + ratio and the C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ /Cu + ratio are preferably in the range of 0.08 or more and 0.16 or less.
- the C5 or higher ion/Cu + ratio is 0.005 times or more, a large amount of organic matter having a relatively high desorption temperature is present on the particle surface, and as a result, the sinterability is not sufficiently exhibited, making it difficult to obtain a strong bonding layer.
- the C5 and above ions/Cu + ratio is less than 0.003.
- the metal particles 12 are silver, the C 3 H 3 O 3 ⁇ /Ag + ratio and the C 3 H 4 O 2 ⁇ /Ag + ratio are preferably in the range of 0.08 to 0.16.
- the C 5 or higher ion/Ag + ratio is 0.005 times or more, a large amount of organic matter having a relatively high desorption temperature is present on the particle surface. It can be said that the C 5 and above ions/Ag + ratio is preferably less than 0.003 times.
- the organic substance that coats the metal particles 12 is preferably carboxylic acid derived from the carboxylic acid metal used when manufacturing the metal particles 12 .
- a method for manufacturing the metal particles 12 coated with the carboxylic acid-derived organic substance will be described later.
- the coating amount of the organic substance on the metal particles 12 is preferably in the range of 0.5% by mass to 2.0% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.8% by mass to 1.8% by mass, and even more preferably in the range of 0.8% by mass to 1.5% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the metal particles.
- the coating amount of the organic substance is 0.5% by mass or more, the metal particles 12 can be uniformly coated with the organic substance, and oxidation of the metal particles 12 can be suppressed more reliably.
- the coating amount of the organic substance when the coating amount of the organic substance is 2.0% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress the generation of voids in the sintered body (bonding layer) of the metal particles due to the gas generated by the decomposition of the organic substance due to heating.
- the coating amount of organic matter can be measured using a commercially available device.
- the coating amount can be measured using a differential type differential thermal balance TG8120-SL (manufactured by RIGAKU).
- TG8120-SL manufactured by RIGAKU
- metal particles from which moisture has been removed by freeze-drying are used as samples.
- measurement is performed in nitrogen (G2 grade) gas, the temperature increase rate is 10 ° C./min, and the weight loss rate when heated from 250 ° C.
- the measurement may be performed three times for each of the metal particles of the same lot, and the arithmetic average value may be taken as the coating amount.
- Organic matter derived from carboxylic acid generates carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, evaporative gas of acetone, and water vapor when decomposed.
- Polyhydric alcohol 14 is an alcohol that contains two or more OH groups and is soluble in water and ethanol. Moreover, the polyhydric alcohol 14 preferably has a melting point of 30° C. or higher.
- Polyhydric alcohol 14 is, for example, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, ribitol, resorcinol, (pyro)catechol, 5-methylresorcinol, pyroga 1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol, and 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriol.
- the polyhydric alcohol 14 is a non-electrolyte, and exists in the metal ink 10 in a state of being dissolved in the solvent 16 (a state in which the molecules of the polyhydric alcohol 14 are dispersed in the solvent 16).
- the polyhydric alcohol 14 may exist in any form in the metal ink 10 , and may be in a state in which it does not dissolve in the solvent 16 .
- the polyhydric alcohol 14 is coordinated around the metal particles 12, and aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be appropriately suppressed. That is, in the present embodiment, it can be said that the polyhydric alcohol 14 is preferably coordinated around the metal particles 12 .
- the solvent 16 is a liquid (medium) for dispersing the metal particles 12 . Details of the solvent 16 will be described later.
- the organic solvent 18 is an organic solvent having components different from those of the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the solvent 16 .
- the organic solvent 18 has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher at atmospheric pressure and is miscible with water. More preferably, the organic solvent 18 has a boiling point of 200° C. or higher.
- Miscible refers to the organic solvents 18 being miscible in water in all ratios (ie, completely soluble in each other at any concentration). In this embodiment, organic solvent 18 is preferably miscible with solvent 16 .
- Organic solvent 18 is preferably a glycol ether or an aprotic polar solvent. Furthermore, the organic solvent 18 may contain both a glycol ether and an aprotic polar solvent, in other words, preferably contains at least one of a glycol ether and an aprotic polar solvent.
- Glycol ethers contained in the organic solvent 18 include, for example, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol isobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoallyl ether, diethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether and diethylene glycol diethyl ether can be mentioned.
- organic solvent 18 When organic solvent 18 comprises a glycol ether, it may comprise at least one selected from these enumerations.
- Aprotic polar solvents included in organic solvent 18 include, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, 2-pyrrolidone, and propylene carbonate.
- organic solvent 18 When organic solvent 18 comprises an aprotic polar solvent, it may comprise at least one selected from these enumerations.
- the metal ink 10 may contain unavoidable impurities in addition to the components listed above.
- unavoidable impurities include substances generated by the above-mentioned components reacting with the components themselves or other components, oxygen, etc. due to light, heat, etc., such as decomposition, polymerization, addition, oxidation, and reduction.
- the content of the polyhydric alcohol 14 in the metal ink 10 is preferably 0.01% or more and 20.0% or less in mass ratio with respect to the entire metal ink 10 . By setting the content of the polyhydric alcohol 14 within this range, it is possible to prevent the concentration of the metal particles 12 from becoming too low while properly dispersing the metal particles 12 .
- the content of the metal particles 12 in the metal ink 10 is preferably 1.0% or more and 50.0% or less, more preferably 5.0% or more and 50.0% or less, and even more preferably 5.0% or more and 30.0% or less, relative to the entire metal ink 10.
- the content of the metal particles 12 is within this range, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the fluidity of the metal ink 10 while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving the jettability of the nozzle.
- the content of the solvent 16 in the metal ink 10 is preferably 50.0% or more and 99.0% or less, more preferably 50.0% or more and 95.0% or less, and even more preferably 60.0% or more and 95.0% or less, relative to the entire metal ink 10.
- the content of the solvent 16 is within this range, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the fluidity of the metal ink 10 while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving the jettability of the nozzle.
- the content of the organic solvent 18 in the metal ink 10 is preferably 0.01% or more and 30.0% or less, more preferably 0.1% or more and 30.0% or less, relative to the entire metal ink 10.
- the content of the organic solvent 18 is within this range, even when the metal ink 10 is left for a long period of time, the antifungal property is sufficient, and it can be properly stored for a long period of time.
- the metal ink 10 may contain ionized metal particles 12 (metal ions forming the metal particles 12). That is, the liquid component of the metal ink 10 may contain the ionized metal particles 12 . It can be said that the ionized metal particles 12 may be at least one of silver ions and copper ions.
- the metal ink 10 described above can have variations in the components of the solvent 16 .
- Each metal ink 10 having different components of the solvent 16 will be described below.
- first metal ink 10A One of the metal inks 10 having different components of the solvent 16 is referred to as a first metal ink 10A.
- the solvent 16 of the first metal ink 10A is water.
- the first metal ink 10 ⁇ /b>A is obtained by dissolving the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18 in water, which is the solvent 16 , and mixing the metal particles 12 . That is, the first metal ink 10A contains the metal particles 12 in the aqueous solution of the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18 .
- the content of the polyhydric alcohol 14 in the first metal ink 10A is preferably 0.01% or more and 20.0% or less, more preferably 0.5% or more and 20.0% or less, and even more preferably 1.0% or more and 20.0% or less, relative to the entire first metal ink 10A. By setting the content of the polyhydric alcohol 14 within this range, it is possible to prevent the concentration of the metal particles 12 from becoming too low while properly dispersing the metal particles 12 .
- the content of the metal particles 12 in the first metal ink 10A is preferably 1.0% or more and 50.0% or less, more preferably 5.0% or more and 50.0% or less, and even more preferably 5.0% or more and 30.0% or less, relative to the entire first metal ink 10A.
- the content of the metal particles 12 is within this range, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the fluidity of the first metal ink 10A while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving jettability through nozzles.
- the content of the organic solvent 18 in the first metal ink 10A is preferably 0.01% or more and 30.0% or less, more preferably 1.0% or more and 30.0% or less, and even more preferably 2.0% or more and 30.0% or less, relative to the entire first metal ink 10A. When the content of the organic solvent 18 is within this range, it can be properly stored for a long period of time.
- the first metal ink 10A preferably does not contain substances other than the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the solvent 16 that is water, and the organic solvent 18, except for inevitable impurities.
- the first metal ink 10A is not limited thereto, and the first metal ink 10A may contain metal particles 12, polyhydric alcohol 14, solvent 16 which is water, and additives other than organic solvent 18 (dispersant, adhesion imparting agent, rheology modifier, rust inhibitor, anti-settling agent, etc.).
- the second metal ink 10B contains ethanol as the solvent 16, and more specifically, the main solvent, which is the main component of the solvent 16, is ethanol.
- the main solvent as used herein refers to a solvent whose content is higher than 50% by mass in the entire solvent 16 .
- the second metal ink 10B may contain, as the solvent 16, a solvent other than ethanol, which is the main solvent, and may contain water in this embodiment.
- the second metal ink 10B is obtained by dissolving the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18 in the solvent 16 and mixing the metal particles 12 . That is, for example, the second metal ink 10B contains the metal particles 12 in an aqueous solution of the polyhydric alcohol 14, the organic solvent 18, and ethanol.
- the content of the polyhydric alcohol 14 is preferably 0.01% or more and 10.0% or less, more preferably 0.1% or more and 10.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.1% or more and 5.0% or less, relative to the entire second metal ink 10B.
- the content of the metal particles 12 is preferably 1.0% or more and 50.0% or less, more preferably 5.0% or more and 50.0% or less, and even more preferably 5.0% or more and 30.0% or less, relative to the entire second metal ink 10B.
- the content of the metal particles 12 is within this range, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the fluidity of the second metal ink 10B while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving the jettability of the nozzle.
- the content of ethanol in the second metal ink 10B is preferably more than 50.0% and 99.0% or less, more preferably more than 50.0% and 95.0% or less, and even more preferably 60.0% or more and 95.0% or less, relative to the entire second metal ink 10B.
- the content of ethanol falls within this range, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the fluidity of the second metal ink 10B while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving the jettability of the nozzle.
- the content of the organic solvent 18 in the second metal ink 10B is preferably 0.01% or more and 30.0% or less, more preferably 0.1% or more and 20.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.5% or more and 20.0% or less, relative to the entire second metal ink 10B. When the content of the organic solvent 18 is within this range, it can be properly stored for a long period of time.
- the second metal ink 10B preferably does not contain substances other than the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the solvent 16 (here, water and ethanol), and the organic solvent 18, except for inevitable impurities.
- the second metal ink 10B is not limited thereto, and the second metal ink 10B may contain additives other than the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the solvent 16, and the organic solvent 18 (dispersant, adhesion imparting agent, rheology modifier, rust inhibitor, anti-settling agent, etc.).
- the second metal ink 10B is mixed with the polyhydric alcohol 14, so that the polyhydric alcohol 14 is coordinated around the metal particles 12, for example, and the aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be suppressed.
- the third metal ink 10C contains a high boiling point solvent as the solvent 16, and more specifically, the main solvent, which is the main component of the solvent 16, is the high boiling point solvent.
- the third metal ink 10 ⁇ /b>C contains the metal particles 12 while the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18 are dissolved in the solvent 16 .
- the third metal ink 10C may contain, as the solvent 16, a solvent other than the high-boiling-point solvent that is the main solvent.
- the third metal ink 10C may contain at least one of water and ethanol, and contains both water and ethanol in this embodiment.
- a high-boiling solvent is a liquid that contains one or more OH groups, has a boiling point of 150°C or higher, and is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water.
- the high-boiling-point solvent that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water is preferably a solvent that is classified as a water-insoluble liquid in Table 3 of the Cabinet Order Concerning the Regulation of Hazardous Substances under the Fire Service Act.
- the high-boiling solvent is preferably a so-called organic solvent and may be, for example, at least one of ⁇ -terpineol and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. Any solvent may contain isomers.
- the content of the polyhydric alcohol 14 in the third metal ink 10C is preferably 0.01% or more and 5.0% or less, more preferably 0.01% or more and 5.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or more and 3.0% or less, relative to the entire third metal ink 10C.
- the content of the metal particles 12 is preferably 1.0% or more and 50.0% or less, more preferably 5.0% or more and 50.0% or less, and even more preferably 5.0% or more and 30.0% or less, relative to the total mass of the third metal ink 10C.
- the content of the metal particles 12 is within this range, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the fluidity of the second metal ink 10B while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving the jettability of the nozzle.
- the content of the high boiling point solvent in the third metal ink 10C is preferably more than 50.0% and 99.0% or less, more preferably more than 50.0% and 95.0% or less, and even more preferably 60.0% or more and 95.0% or less, relative to the total mass of the third metal ink 10C.
- the content of the high-boiling-point solvent falls within this range, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the fluidity of the third metal ink 10C while maintaining a sufficient concentration of the metal particles 12. This is advantageous in terms of manufacturing, such as improving jettability through nozzles, for example.
- the content of the organic solvent 18 in the third metal ink 10C is preferably 0.01% or more and 30.0% or less, more preferably 0.01% or more and 10.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.1% or more and 10.0% or less, relative to the total mass of the third metal ink 10C.
- the content of the organic solvent 18 is within this range, it can be properly stored for a long period of time.
- the third metal ink 10C preferably contains a dispersant that is a component other than the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the solvent 16 and the organic solvent 18.
- the dispersant include cationic dispersants, anionic dispersants, nonionic dispersants, and amphoteric dispersants.
- anionic dispersants include carboxylic acid dispersants, sulfonic acid dispersants, and phosphoric acid dispersants. Phosphate ester compounds are particularly preferred as phosphoric acid dispersants.
- the molecular weight of the phosphate ester compound used as the dispersant is preferably 200 or more and 2000 or less, more preferably 200 or more and 1500 or less, and even more preferably 200 or more and 1000 or less.
- the content of the dispersant in the third metal ink 10C is preferably 0.01% or more and 5.0% or less, more preferably 0.1% or more and 5.0% or less, and even more preferably 0.1% or more and 3.0% or less, relative to the total mass of the third metal ink 10C. Aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be appropriately suppressed by setting the content of the dispersant within this range.
- the third metal ink 10C preferably does not contain substances other than the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the solvent 16 (here, water, ethanol, and a high boiling point solvent), the organic solvent 18, and the dispersant, except for inevitable impurities.
- the third metal ink 10C may not contain a dispersant, or may contain additives other than the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the solvent 16, the organic solvent 18, and the dispersant (adhesion imparting agent, rheology modifier, rust inhibitor, anti-settling agent, etc.).
- a metal ink containing a high boiling point solvent as a main solvent may cause aggregation of the metal particles 12 due to the high boiling point solvent.
- the polyhydric alcohol 14 is mixed in the third metal ink 10 ⁇ /b>C, so that the polyhydric alcohol 14 is coordinated around the metal particles 12 , for example, and the aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the method for producing a metal ink according to this embodiment.
- the metal carboxylate aqueous dispersion and the reducing agent are mixed to form the metal particles 12 (step S10).
- a metal carboxylate for example, copper carboxylate
- a pH adjuster is added to the aqueous metal carboxylate dispersion to adjust the pH to 2.0 or more and 7.5 or less.
- 1.0 to 1.2 equivalents of a hydrazine compound capable of reducing metal ions is added and mixed as a reducing agent to the pH-adjusted aqueous metal carboxylate dispersion in an inert gas atmosphere.
- Carboxylic acid used herein includes glycolic acid, citric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid and salts thereof.
- a hydrazine compound was used as a reducing agent, it is not limited to this, and hydrazine, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, salts thereof, and the like may be used.
- the aqueous dispersion of copper carboxylate can be prepared by adding powdered metal carboxylate to pure water such as distilled water or ion-exchanged water so that the concentration is 25% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and stirring with a stirring blade to uniformly disperse.
- pH adjusters include triammonium citrate, ammonium hydrogen citrate, and citric acid. Of these, triammonium citrate is preferred because it facilitates mild pH adjustment.
- the reason why the pH of the copper carboxylate aqueous dispersion is set to 2.0 or more is to increase the elution rate of copper ions eluted from the carboxylate copper, thereby rapidly promoting the production of copper particles and obtaining the target fine copper particles.
- the reason why the pH is set to 7.5 or less is to suppress the eluted metal ions from becoming copper (II) hydroxide, thereby increasing the yield of copper particles.
- by setting the pH to 7.5 or less it is possible to prevent the reducing power of the hydrazine compound from becoming excessively high, making it easier to obtain the target copper particles. It is preferable to adjust the pH of the copper carboxylate aqueous dispersion in the range of 4 or more and 6 or less.
- a hydrazine compound has advantages such as not producing a residue after a reduction reaction when reducing copper carboxylate under an acidic condition, relatively high safety, and easy handling.
- the hydrazine compound includes hydrazine monohydrate, anhydrous hydrazine, hydrazine hydrochloride, hydrazine sulfate, and the like. Among these hydrazine compounds, preferred are hydrazine monohydrate and anhydrous hydrazine, which do not contain impurities such as sulfur and chlorine.
- a hydrazine compound which is a reducing agent, is added to and mixed with an acid solution having a pH of less than 7, and copper particles are generated in the resulting mixed solution. Therefore, the carboxylic acid-derived component generated from the carboxylic acid copper rapidly coats the surfaces of the copper particles, thereby suppressing the dissolution of the copper particles.
- the aqueous dispersion of copper carboxylate after adjusting the pH is preferably kept at a temperature of 50° C. or higher and 70° C. or lower to facilitate the progress of the reduction reaction.
- the reason why the mixed liquid containing the hydrazine compound is heated to a temperature of 60°C or higher and 80°C or lower in an inert gas atmosphere and held for 1.5 hours or longer and 2.5 hours or shorter is to generate copper particles and to form and coat the surface of the generated copper particles with an organic substance.
- the purpose of heating and holding in an inert gas atmosphere is to prevent the generated copper particles from being oxidized.
- Carboxylic acid copper which is a starting material, usually contains about 35% by mass of a copper component.
- a hydrazine compound as a reducing agent to a carboxylic acid aqueous dispersion containing such a copper component, heating to the above temperature, and maintaining for the above time, the generation of copper particles and the generation of organic substances on the surface of the copper particles proceed in a well-balanced manner. If the heating temperature is less than 60° C. and the holding time is less than 1.5 hours, the metal carboxylate is not completely reduced, and the production rate of copper particles becomes too slow, which may result in an excessive amount of organic matter covering the copper particles. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 80° C. and the holding time exceeds 2.5 hours, the production rate of the copper particles may become too fast and the amount of the organic substance covering the copper particles may become too small.
- a preferred heating temperature is 65° C. or higher and 75° C. or lower, and a preferred holding time is 2 hours or longer and 2.5 hours or shorter.
- the copper particles generated in the mixed solution may be washed, desalted, etc. from the mixed solution using pure water or the like under an inert gas atmosphere. Furthermore, for example, by dehydrating using a centrifuge, an aqueous slurry containing metal particles 12 having a fixed solid-liquid ratio (for example, solid-liquid ratio: 50/50 [mass %]) can be obtained. In some cases, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the copper particles whose surface is coated with an organic substance can be obtained by drying by a freeze-drying method or a vacuum drying method. Since the surface of the copper particles is coated with an organic substance, the copper particles are less likely to be oxidized even when stored in the air.
- Metal particles production of silver particles
- an aqueous silver salt solution and an aqueous carboxylate solution are simultaneously dropped into water to prepare a silver carboxylate slurry.
- the silver salt in the silver salt aqueous solution specifically, for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate, silver chlorate, silver phosphate, and salts thereof are preferable.
- the carboxylic acid in the carboxylic acid salt aqueous solution is preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of glycolic acid, citric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and salts thereof.
- water examples include ion-exchanged water and distilled water. It is particularly preferable to use ion-exchanged water because it does not contain ions that may adversely affect synthesis and because the production cost is lower than that of distilled water.
- the predetermined heat treatment may be, for example, a heat treatment in which the temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature (maximum temperature) in the range of 20 to 90° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 15° C./hour or less in water, held at the maximum temperature for 1 to 5 hours, and then cooled to 30° C. or less over a period of 30 minutes or less.
- a predetermined temperature maximum temperature
- the predetermined heat treatment described above by setting the heating rate to 15° C./hour or less, it is possible to prevent the silver particles from becoming coarse particles.
- the maximum temperature to 20° C.
- the silver carboxylate is easily reduced, and the particle size of the silver particles can be increased. Further, by setting the maximum temperature to 90° C. or less, it is possible to prevent the silver particles from becoming coarse particles.
- the predetermined heat treatment by setting the holding time at the maximum temperature to 1 hour or more, the silver carboxylate is easily reduced, and the particle size of the silver particles can be increased. Further, by setting the holding time to 5 hours or less, it is possible to prevent the silver particles from becoming coarse particles.
- the predetermined heat treatment by setting the temperature down to 30° C. for 30 minutes or less, it is possible to prevent the silver particles from becoming coarse particles.
- each of the silver carboxylate slurry and the reducing agent aqueous solution it is preferable to keep the temperature of each of the silver carboxylate slurry and the reducing agent aqueous solution at a predetermined temperature within the range of 20 to 90°C.
- the temperature of each liquid By maintaining the temperature of each liquid at a predetermined temperature of 20° C. or higher, the silver carboxylate is easily reduced, and the particle size of the silver powder can be increased. Further, by maintaining the temperature of each liquid at a predetermined temperature of 90° C. or less, it is possible to prevent the silver powder from becoming coarse particles.
- the reducing agent in the reducing agent aqueous solution is preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrazine, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, and salts thereof.
- the silver particle slurry is centrifuged to remove the liquid layer in the silver powder slurry, the silver particle slurry is dehydrated and desalted, and an aqueous slurry containing silver particles having a certain solid-liquid ratio (for example, solid-liquid ratio: 50/50 [mass %]) can be obtained.
- solid-liquid ratio for example, solid-liquid ratio: 50/50 [mass %]
- silver particles can be obtained by drying the silver particle slurry.
- a method for drying the silver particle slurry is not particularly limited, but specific examples thereof include a freeze drying method, a reduced pressure drying method, a heat drying method, and the like.
- the freeze-drying method the silver particle slurry is placed in a closed container and frozen, and the inside of the closed container is decompressed with a vacuum pump to lower the boiling point of the material to be dried, and the water content of the material to be dried is sublimated at a low temperature.
- the reduced-pressure drying method is a method of drying an object to be dried under reduced pressure.
- the heat drying method is a method of drying an object to be dried by heating.
- step S12 the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the organic solvent 18, and water as the solvent 16 are mixed to form the first metal ink 10A (step S12).
- an aqueous slurry containing the metal particles 12 may be mixed with an aqueous solution containing the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18, or an aqueous solution of the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18, or an aqueous solution containing the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18, or an aqueous solution of the polyhydric alcohol 14 and the organic solvent 18 may be mixed with the metal particles 12 containing no water.
- filtering may be performed with a filter or the like having a predetermined mesh size. Note that such filtration may be performed at any stage of the subsequent manufacturing process of the metal ink.
- the first metal ink 10A and ethanol as the solvent 16 are mixed to generate the second metal ink 10B (step S14).
- the second metal ink 10B is preferably produced by mixing the first metal ink 10A and ethanol so that the contents of the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, ethanol, and the organic solvent 18 are within the numerical ranges described above. Any method can be used to mix the first metal ink 10A and ethanol.
- step S12 After the first metal ink 10A obtained in step S12 is allowed to stand still for a predetermined time (for example, about one day) or centrifuged under predetermined conditions, part of the supernatant may be removed, and ethanol may be added to the first metal ink 10A from which the supernatant has been removed.
- a predetermined time for example, about one day
- ethanol may be added to the first metal ink 10A from which the supernatant has been removed.
- the second metal ink 10B, a high boiling point solvent as the solvent 16, and a dispersant are mixed to form the third metal ink 10C (step S16).
- the third metal ink 10C is preferably produced by mixing the second metal ink 10B, the high boiling point solvent, and the dispersant so that the contents of the metal particles 12, the polyhydric alcohol 14, the high boiling point solvent, the dispersant, and the organic solvent 18 are within the numerical ranges described above. Any method can be used to mix the second metal ink 10B, the high boiling point solvent, and the dispersant.
- step S14 After the second metal ink 10B obtained in step S14 is allowed to stand still for a predetermined time (for example, about one day) or centrifuged under predetermined conditions, part of the supernatant may be removed, and a high boiling point solvent may be added to the second metal ink 10B from which the supernatant has been removed. Also, the addition of a dispersant is not essential. Further, from the third metal ink 10C, a solvent (water, ethanol, high boiling point solvent, etc.) or an organic solvent may be removed or added so as to fall within the numerical range described above.
- a solvent water, ethanol, high boiling point solvent, etc.
- the third metal ink 10C thus generated is used as the metal ink 10.
- the first metal ink 10A is used to generate the second metal ink 10B
- the second metal ink 10B is used to generate the third metal ink 10C. That is, the first metal ink 10A and the second metal ink 10B were intermediate substances for producing the third metal ink 10C.
- the first metal ink 10A and the second metal ink 10B are not limited to intermediate substances, and the first metal ink 10A and the second metal ink 10B themselves may be used as the metal ink 10.
- the method for producing the metal particles 12 and the metal ink 10 described above is merely an example, and the metal particles 12 and the metal ink 10 may be produced by any method.
- the metal ink 10 according to the present embodiment includes the metal particles 12, the solvent 16, the organic solvent 18 that has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher at atmospheric pressure and is miscible with water, and the polyhydric alcohol 14 that contains two or more OH groups and is soluble in water and ethanol.
- the metal particles may aggregate. Agglomeration of the metal particles may lead to deterioration of the properties of the product, such as deterioration of the denseness of the metal layer.
- the metal ink 10 according to the present embodiment contains the polyhydric alcohol 14 , the polyhydric alcohol 14 can suppress aggregation of the metal particles 12 .
- the metal ink 10 According to the metal ink 10 according to the present embodiment, aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be suppressed, so deterioration of the characteristics of the product can be suppressed. Further, for example, when the metal ink 10 is ejected from a nozzle, by suppressing aggregation of the metal particles 12, manufacturing defects such as clogging of the nozzle can be suppressed. In addition, since the metal ink 10 according to the present embodiment contains the organic solvent 18, it has sufficient antifungal properties even when left for a long period of time, and can be properly stored for a long period of time.
- the metal particles 12 are copper or silver, the solvent 16 contains water, the organic solvent 18 contains at least one of glycol ether and an aprotic polar solvent, and the polyhydric alcohol 14 preferably contains at least one polyhydric alcohol that contains two or more OH groups, is soluble in water and ethanol, and has a melting point of 30°C or higher.
- the metal particles 12, the solvent 16, the organic solvent 18 that has a boiling point of 150°C or higher at atmospheric pressure and is miscible with water, and the polyhydric alcohol 14 that contains two or more OH groups and is soluble in water and ethanol are mixed to produce the metal ink 10 containing the metal particles 12, the solvent 16, the polyhydric alcohol 14, and the organic solvent 18.
- the polyhydric alcohol 14 since the polyhydric alcohol 14 is added, aggregation of the metal particles 12 can be suppressed, and the addition of the organic solvent 18 enables proper storage for a long time.
- 3A to 3I are tables showing the contents of the components of the metal ink in each example and the evaluation results.
- Example 1 copper phthalate was prepared as the starting copper carboxylate. Copper phthalate was added to deionized water at room temperature and stirred with a stirring blade to prepare an aqueous dispersion of copper phthalate with a concentration of 30% by mass. Next, an aqueous solution of ammonium phthalate was added as a pH adjuster to the aqueous dispersion of copper phthalate to adjust the pH of the aqueous dispersion to 3.
- the pH-adjusted liquid was brought to a temperature of 50° C., and an aqueous solution of hydrazine monohydrate (2-fold diluted) having an oxidation-reduction potential of ⁇ 0.5 V, which is 1.2 equivalents capable of reducing copper ions, was added as a reducing agent to the pH-adjusted liquid in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at once, and mixed uniformly using a stirring blade. Furthermore, in order to synthesize the target copper particles (metal particles), the mixture of the aqueous dispersion and the reducing agent was heated to a holding temperature of 70°C under a nitrogen gas atmosphere and held at 70°C for 2 hours. Furthermore, an aqueous slurry of copper particles (copper powder concentration: 50% by mass) was obtained by dehydration and desalting using a centrifuge.
- Example 1 18 g of the resulting aqueous slurry of copper particles (metal particles) (concentration of copper powder: 50% by mass), 36 g of an aqueous solution of 2.2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (concentration: 5% by mass) as a polyhydric alcohol, and 18 g of water were mixed, and 18 g of 2-pyrrolidone was added as an organic solvent to obtain 90 g of copper ink (metal ink) in which the main solvent was water.
- the content ratio of each component in the copper ink of Example 1 was as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the copper ink in Example 1 is an example of the first metal ink 10A of this embodiment.
- Example 2-136 metal inks were produced by changing the added components from Example 1 as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3G.
- a substance with a content ratio value of “0.0” indicates that the substance is not included.
- the metallic inks of Examples 1-136 are It contains metal particles (at least one of copper and silver), a solvent (at least one of water, ethanol, and a high boiling point solvent), an organic solvent that has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of 150 ° C. or higher and is miscible with water, and a polyhydric alcohol that contains two or more OH groups and is soluble in water and ethanol.
- the metallic inks of Examples 21-56, 77-136 contain ethanol as the solvent.
- the metal inks of Examples 33 to 56 and 89 to 136 contain, as a solvent, a high-boiling solvent that is a liquid that contains one or more OH groups, has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water.
- the high boiling point solvent dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether contained in the metal inks of Examples 57 to 64 contains one or more OH groups and has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, but does not satisfy the condition of poor solubility or insolubility in water. Not satisfying the condition of being poorly soluble or insoluble in water means that it is not classified as a water-insoluble liquid in Appendix 3 of the Cabinet Order Concerning the Regulation of Hazardous Substances under the Fire Service Act.
- Comparative Example 1-38 metal inks were produced by changing the added components from Comparative Example 1 as shown in FIGS. 3G to 3I. Comparative Examples 1-38 do not contain at least one of an organic solvent and a polyhydric alcohol. In addition, in the components in FIGS. 3G to 3I, a substance with a content ratio value of “0.0” indicates that the substance is not included.
- the dispersibility of the metal inks obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was evaluated. After sufficiently dispersing the metal ink obtained above with an ultrasonic cleaner or the like, 10 g of the metal ink was collected in a glass sample container having a capacity of 20 ml and left overnight in a refrigerator. After standing overnight, when the height from the bottom of the sample container to the liquid surface of the metal ink is set to 100, the interface of sedimentation and separation of the metal particles in the metal ink was evaluated as excellent when the height from the bottom of the container was 50 or more, and as poor when less than 50. Also, the long-term storage stability of the metal inks obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was evaluated.
- antifungal property evaluation was performed according to the method of "6. Coating test” described in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS Z 2911).
- JIS Z 2911 Japanese Industrial Standards
- a metallic ink was used as a sample, and the test was performed by inserting it into a hollowed out portion having a diameter of 30 mm at the center of the culture medium.
- a sample with no growth of hyphae was rated as excellent "A”
- a sample with growth of hyphae was rated as unsatisfactory "C”.
- the metal ink whose dispersibility was “A” in the example was applied to the center of a polyimide film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm with an inkjet device to a size of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm and dried. After that, it was heated at 200° C. for 30 seconds in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a fired film of metal ink having a thickness of about 1 to 3 ⁇ m. The sinterability was evaluated by observing the cross section of the obtained fired film with an SEM.
- Comparative Example 1-38 which does not contain at least one of the polyhydric alcohol and the organic solvent, at least one of the evaluations of dispersibility, sinterability, and long-term storage is "C", and it can be seen that it is possible to fire while suppressing the aggregation of metal particles, and that it cannot satisfy all of the long-term storage properties.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 21 contained a polyhydric alcohol but did not contain an organic solvent, so the dispersibility and sinterability were "A”, but the long-term storage stability was "C”. The comparative examples with the dispersibility of "C” were not evaluated for sinterability and long-term storage because they were difficult to use as an ink, and therefore were indicated as "-".
- the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the embodiment is not limited by the content of this embodiment.
- the components described above include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those within the so-called equivalent range.
- the components described above can be combined as appropriate.
- various omissions, replacements, or modifications of components can be made without departing from the gist of the above-described embodiments.
- metal ink 10 metal particles 14 polyhydric alcohol 16 solvent 18 organic solvent
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Abstract
Description
なお、金属インク10による金属層の製造条件は任意であってよいが、金属インク10を、酸化性ガス雰囲気、不活性ガス雰囲気もしくは還元性ガス雰囲気の下で、加熱することが好ましい。
金属粒子12は、金属の粒子である。本実施形態では、金属粒子12は、銅又は銀の粒子であることが好ましく、銅及び銀の両方を含むものであってよい。すなわち、金属粒子12は、銅及び銀の少なくとも一方の粒子であることが好ましいといえる。
多価アルコール14は、OH基を2つ以上含み、水及びエタノールに溶解可能なアルコールである。また、多価アルコール14は、融点が30℃以上であることが好ましい。
溶媒16は、金属粒子12を分散させるための液体(媒体)である。溶媒16の詳細については後述する。
有機溶媒18は、多価アルコール14及び溶媒16とは異なる成分の有機溶媒である。有機溶媒18は、大気圧における沸点が150℃以上であり、水と混和可能な有機溶媒である。有機溶媒18は、沸点が200℃以上であることがより好ましい。ここでの混和可能とは、有機溶媒18が、あらゆる比率で水に混ぜ合せ可能(すなわち、お互い任意の濃度で完全に溶解可能)であることを指している。本実施形態では、有機溶媒18は、溶媒16と混和可能であることが好ましい。
有機溶媒18が含むグリコールエーテルとしては、例えば、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールイソブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノイソブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノベンジルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、及びジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルが挙げられる。有機溶媒18がグリコールエーテルを含む場合には、これらの列挙したものから選択された少なくとも1つを含んでよい。
有機溶媒18が含む非プロトン性極性溶媒としては、例えば、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、2-ピロリドン、及び炭酸プロピレンが挙げられる。有機溶媒18が非プロトン性極性溶媒を含む場合には、これらの列挙したものから選択された少なくとも1つを含んでよい。
金属インク10は、以上で挙げた成分以外に、不可避的不純物を含んでいてもよい。不可避的不純物としては、例えば、以上で挙げた成分が、光や熱などによって成分自身もしくは他の成分や酸素などと、分解・重合・付加や酸化・還元などの反応を生じることで、生成した物質などが挙げられる。
金属インク10は、多価アルコール14の含有量が、金属インク10の全体に対して、質量比で、0.01%以上20.0%以下であることが好ましい。多価アルコール14の含有量がこの範囲となることで、金属粒子12を適切に分散させつつ、金属粒子12の濃度が低くなり過ぎることを抑制できる。
溶媒16の成分が異なるそれぞれの金属インク10のうちの1つを、第1金属インク10Aとする。第1金属インク10Aは、溶媒16が水である。第1金属インク10Aは、溶媒16である水に多価アルコール14及び有機溶媒18が溶解しつつ、金属粒子12が混合されたものとなる。すなわち、第1金属インク10Aは、多価アルコール14及び有機溶媒18の水溶液に、金属粒子12が含まれたものとなる。
溶媒16の成分が異なるそれぞれの金属インク10のうちの1つを、第2金属インク10Bとする。第2金属インク10Bは、溶媒16としてエタノールを含み、さらに言えば、溶媒16のうちの主要成分である主溶媒がエタノールである。ここでの主溶媒は、溶媒16の全体のうちで、含有量が質量比で50%より高いものを指す。第2金属インク10Bは、溶媒16として、主溶媒であるエタノール以外を含んでもよく、本実施形態では、水を含んでよい。第2金属インク10Bは、溶媒16に多価アルコール14及び有機溶媒18が溶解しつつ、金属粒子12が混合されたものとなる。すなわち例えば、第2金属インク10Bは、多価アルコール14、有機溶媒18及びエタノールの水溶液に、金属粒子12が含まれたものとなる。
溶媒16の成分が異なるそれぞれの金属インク10のうちの1つを、第3金属インク10Cとする。第3金属インク10Cは、溶媒16として高沸点溶媒を含み、さらに言えば、溶媒16のうちの主要成分である主溶媒が高沸点溶媒である。例えば、第3金属インク10Cは、溶媒16に多価アルコール14及び有機溶媒18が溶解しつつ、金属粒子12が含まれたものとなる。なお、第3金属インク10Cは、溶媒16として、主溶媒である高沸点溶媒以外を含んでもよい。第3金属インク10Cは、水及びエタノールの少なくとも1つを含んでよく、本実施形態では水及びエタノールの両方を含む。
次に、以上説明した金属インク10の製造方法について説明する。図2は、本実施形態に係る金属インクの製造方法を説明するフローチャートである。
図2に示すように、本製造方法においては、カルボン酸金属水分散液と還元剤とを混合して、金属粒子12を生成する(ステップS10)。具体的には、先ず、カルボン酸金属(例えばカルボン酸銅)の水分散液を用意し、このカルボン酸金属水分散液にpH調整剤を加えてpHを2.0以上7.5以下に調整する。次に、不活性ガス雰囲気下でこのpH調整したカルボン酸金属水分散液に、還元剤として、金属イオンを還元できる1.0倍当量分以上1.2倍当量分以下のヒドラジン化合物を添加して混合する。得られた混合液を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で、得られた混合液を60℃以上80℃以下の温度に加熱し1.5時間以上2.5時間以下保持する。これにより、カルボン酸金属から溶出した金属イオンを還元して金属粒子12を生成させると共に、この金属粒子12の表面に金属酸由来の有機物を形成させる。なお、ここでのカルボン酸としては、グリコール酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、マレイン酸、マロン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、シュウ酸、フタル酸、安息香酸およびこれらの塩などが用いられる。また、還元剤としては、ヒドラジン化合物を用いたが、それに限られず、ヒドラジン、アスコルビン酸、シュウ酸、ギ酸及びこれらの塩などを用いてよい。
以下では、金属粒子12が銅粒子である場合の金属粒子12の製造方法について説明する。カルボン酸銅の水分散液は、蒸留水、イオン交換水のような純水に、粉末状のカルボン酸金属を25質量%以上40質量%以下の濃度となるように添加し、撹拌羽を用いて撹拌し、均一に分散させることによって調製できる。pH調整剤としては、クエン酸三アンモニウム、クエン酸水素アンモニウム、クエン酸などが挙げられる。この中でマイルドにpH調整しやすいことからクエン酸三アンモニウムが好ましい。カルボン酸銅水分散液のpHを2.0以上とするのは、カルボン酸銅から溶出した銅イオンの溶出速度を速くして、銅粒子の生成を速やかに進行させ、目標とする微細な銅粒子を得られるようにするためである。また、pHを7.5以下とするのは、溶出した金属イオンが水酸化銅(II)となることを抑制して、銅粒子の収率を高くするためである。また、pHを7.5以下とすることによって、ヒドラジン化合物の還元力が過度に高くなることを抑制でき、目標とする銅粒子が得られやすくなる。カルボン酸銅水分散液のpHは4以上6以下の範囲内に調整することが好ましい。
次に、金属粒子12が銀粒子である場合の金属粒子12の製造方法について説明する。
ここで、カルボン酸銀スラリーを調製する際は、銀塩水溶液、カルボン酸塩水溶液、水、そしてカルボン酸銀スラリーの各液の温度を20~90℃の範囲内の所定温度に保持することが好ましい。各液の温度を20℃以上の所定温度に保持することにより、カルボン酸銀が生成しやすくなり、銀粒子の粒径を大きくすることができる。また、各液の温度を90℃以下の所定温度に保持することにより、銀粒子が粗大粒子となるのを防止することができる。また、水中に銀塩水溶液とカルボン酸塩水溶液を同時に滴下している間、水を撹拌していることが好ましい。
銀塩水溶液中の銀塩としては、具体的には、例えば、硝酸銀、塩素酸銀、リン酸銀、及びこれらの塩類からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上の化合物が好ましい。
上記所定の熱処理において、昇温速度を15℃/時間以下とすることにより、銀粒子が粗大粒子となるのを防止することができる。
また、上記所定の熱処理において、最高温度を20℃以上とすることにより、カルボン酸銀が還元されやすくなり、銀粒子の粒径を大きくすることができる。また、最高温度を90℃以下とすることにより、銀粒子が粗大粒子となるのを防止することができる。
また、上記所定の熱処理において、最高温度での保持時間を1時間以上とすることにより、カルボン酸銀が還元されやすくなり、銀粒子の粒径を大きくすることができる。また、保持時間を5時間以下にすることにより、銀粒子が粗大粒子となるのを防止することができる。
また、上記所定の熱処理において、30℃まで降温する時間を30分以下にすることにより、銀粒子が粗大粒子となるのを防止することができる。
次に、金属粒子12と、多価アルコール14と、有機溶媒18と、溶媒16としての水とを混合して、第1金属インク10Aを生成する(ステップS12)。ここでは、金属粒子12や多価アルコール14や有機溶媒18の含有量が、上述で説明した数値範囲となるように、金属粒子12と多価アルコール14と有機溶媒18と水とを混合して、第1金属インク10Aを製造することが好ましい。なお、金属粒子12と多価アルコール14と有機溶媒18と水との混合方法は任意である。例えば、金属粒子12を含む水スラリーに、多価アルコール14と有機溶媒18とを含む水溶液、または、多価アルコール14の水溶液及び有機溶媒18の水溶液を混合してもよいし、水が含まれない金属粒子12に、多価アルコール14と有機溶媒18を含む水溶液、または、多価アルコール14の水溶液及び有機溶媒18の水溶液を混合してもよい。また、必要に応じて、異物や金属粒子12の凝集した粒子を除去するために、所定の目開きのフィルター等でろ過してもよい。なお、このようなろ過は、この後の金属インクの製造工程のいずれ段階で行ってもよい。
次に、第1金属インク10Aと溶媒16としてのエタノールとを混合して、第2金属インク10Bを生成する(ステップS14)。ここでは、金属粒子12や多価アルコール14やエタノールや有機溶媒18の含有量が、上述で説明した数値範囲となるように、第1金属インク10Aとエタノールとを混合して、第2金属インク10Bを製造することが好ましい。なお、第1金属インク10Aとエタノールの混合方法は任意である。例えば、ステップS12で得られた第1金属インク10Aを所定時間(例えば1日程度)静置もしくは所定の条件で遠心分離した後、一部の上澄み液を除去して、上澄み液が除去された第1金属インク10Aに対して、エタノールを添加してよい。
次に、第2金属インク10Bと溶媒16としての高沸点溶媒と分散剤とを混合して、第3金属インク10Cを生成する(ステップS16)。ここでは、金属粒子12や多価アルコール14や高沸点溶媒や分散剤や有機溶媒18の含有量が、上述で説明した数値範囲となるように、第2金属インク10Bと高沸点溶媒と分散剤とを混合して、第3金属インク10Cを製造することが好ましい。なお、第2金属インク10Bと高沸点溶媒と分散剤の混合方法は任意である。例えば、ステップS14で得られた第2金属インク10Bを所定時間(例えば1日程度)静置もしくは所定の条件で遠心分離した後、一部の上澄み液を除去して、上澄み液が除去された第2金属インク10Bに対して、高沸点溶媒を添加してもよい。また、分散剤の添加は必須ではない。
また、第3金属インク10Cから、更に、上述で説明した数値範囲となるように、溶媒(水、エタノール、高沸点溶媒等)や有機溶媒を除去もしくは添加してもよい。
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る金属インク10は、金属粒子12と、溶媒16と、大気圧における沸点が150℃以上であり水と混和可能な有機溶媒18と、OH基を2つ以上含み、水及びエタノールに溶解可能な多価アルコール14と、を含む。ここで、金属粒子が溶媒中に分散する金属インクは、金属粒子が凝集するおそれがある。金属粒子が凝集した場合、金属層の緻密性の低下など、製造物の特性の低下を招くおそれがある。それに対し、本実施形態に係る金属インク10は、多価アルコール14を含有するため、多価アルコール14により、金属粒子12の凝集を抑制することができる。本実施形態に係る金属インク10によると、金属粒子12の凝集を抑制できるため、製造物の特性の低下を抑制できる。また例えば、金属インク10をノズルで噴射する場合には、金属粒子12の凝集を抑制することで、ノズルの詰まりなどの製造不具合についても抑制できる。また、本実施形態に係る金属インク10は、有機溶媒18を含むため、長期間放置した場合でも、防黴性が十分となり、長期間適切に保存できる。
次に、実施例について説明する。図3A-図3Iは、各例における金属インクの成分の含有量と、評価結果とを示す表である。
実施例1においては、出発原料であるカルボン酸銅として、フタル酸銅を用意した。フタル酸銅を室温のイオン交換水に入れ、撹拌羽根を用いて撹拌し、濃度30質量%のフタル酸銅の水分散液を調製した。次いで、このフタル酸銅の水分散液にpH調整剤としてのフタル酸アンモニウム水溶液を加えて、上記水分散液のpHが3になるように調整した。次に、pH調整した液を50℃の温度にし、窒素ガス雰囲気下で、pH調整した液に還元剤として、銅イオンを還元できる1.2倍当量分である酸化還元電位が-0.5Vのヒドラジン一水和物水溶液(2倍希釈)を一気に添加し、撹拌羽を用いて均一に混合した。更に、目標とする銅粒子(金属粒子)を合成するために、上記水分散液と上記還元剤との混合液を窒素ガス雰囲気下で保持温度の70℃まで昇温し、70℃で2時間保持した。更に、遠心分離機を用いて、脱水及び脱塩することにより銅粒子の水スラリー(銅粉末濃度:50質量%)を得た。
実施例2-136においては、実施例1に対して、添加した成分を図3A-図3Gのように変更して、金属インクを生成した。尚、図3A-図3G中の成分において、含有比率の数値が「0.0」である物質については当該物質を含んでいないことを示す。
金属粒子(銅及び銀の少なくとも1つ)と、溶媒(水、エタノール及び高沸点溶媒の少なく1つ)と、大気圧における沸点が150℃以上であり水と混和可能な有機溶媒と、OH基を2つ以上含み水及びエタノールに溶解可能な多価アルコールと、を含むものである。
実施例33-56、89-136の金属インクは、溶媒として、OH基を1つ以上含み、沸点が150℃以上であり、水に難溶又は不溶な液体である高沸点溶媒を含む。なお、実施例57-64の金属インクに含まれる高沸点溶媒であるジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルは、OH基を1つ以上含み、かつ沸点が150℃以上であるが、水に難溶又は不溶という条件を満たさない。なお、水に難溶又は不溶という条件を満たさないとは、消防法における危険物の規制に関する政令、別表3において、非水溶性液体に分類されないことを指す。
比較例1-38においては、比較例1に対して、添加した成分を図3G-図3Iのように変更して、金属インクを生成した。比較例1-38は、有機溶媒及び多価アルコールの少なくとも一方を含まない。尚、図3G-図3I中の成分において、含有比率の数値が「0.0」である物質については当該物質を含んでいないことを示す。
実施例、比較例で得られた金属インクの分散性について評価した。上記、得られた金属インクを超音波洗浄器等で十分に分散させた後、金属インクの内10gを、容量20mlのガラス製サンプル容器に採取し、冷蔵庫内にて1晩放置した。1晩放置後、サンプル容器の底から金属インクの液面までの高さを100としたとき、金属インク中の金属粒子の沈降・分離の界面について、容器の底から高さが50以上であった場合を優「A」とし、50未満の場合を不可「C」とした。
また、実施例、比較例で得られた金属インクの長期保存性について評価した。分散性が「A」であった金属インクについて、日本工業規格(JIS Z 2911)に記載の「6.塗料の試験」の方法に従って防黴性評価(黴抵抗性試験)を行った。このとき、試験片の代わりに、金属インクを試料として、培地中心を直径30mmにくりぬいたところに入れ試験した。試料に菌糸の発育が認められないものを優「A」、試料に菌糸の発育が認められたものを不可「C」とした。
また、実施例で分散性が「A」であった金属インクについて、厚さが100μm、サイズが50mm×50mmのポリイミドフィルムの上の中央部に、インクジェット装置にてサイズが10mm×10mmに塗布・乾燥した。その後、窒素雰囲気中、200℃×30秒間加熱し、厚みが1~3μm程度の金属インクの焼成膜を得た。得られた焼成膜の断面のSEMの観察により焼結性を評価した。断面SEM画像において、膜中の空隙の割合が20%以下の場合を焼結性が優「A」とし、20%を超えて30%以下の場合を良「B」とし、30%を超える場合を不可「C」とした。
評価としては、分散性と焼結性と長期保存性の評価を行った。金属粒子及び溶媒に加えて、OH基を2つ以上含み、水及びエタノールに溶解可能な多価アルコールと、大気圧における沸点が150℃以上であり、水と混和可能な有機溶媒とを含む実施例1-112は、いずれも分散性、焼結性及び長期保存性の評価がいずれも「A」であるため、金属粒子の凝集を抑制しつつ、焼結可能であり、且つ、適切に長期保存可能であることが可能となることが分かる。高沸点溶媒として、OH基を1つ以上含み、沸点が150℃以上であり、水に難溶又は不溶な液体ではない溶媒を使用したことにより、実施例113-136については、分散性と長期保存性については「A」であったが、焼結性については若干低下し、評価が「B」となったが、「C」の評価を含まず、金属粒子の凝集を抑制しつつ、焼結可能であり、且つ、適切に長期保存可能であることが可能となることが分かる。一方、多価アルコール及び有機溶媒の少なくとも一方を含まない比較例1-38では、分散性、焼結性及び長期保存性の評価の少なくとも1つが「C」となり、金属粒子の凝集抑制しつつ、焼成可能であり、且つ、長期保存性があることをすべて満たすことができないことが分かる。比較例2及び比較例21では、多価アルコールを含んではいるが、有機溶媒を含まないことにより、分散性と焼結性は「A」となったが、長期保存性については「C」となった。なお、分散性が「C」となった比較例については、インクとしての使用が困難であることから、焼結性及び長期保存性の評価は実施しなかったため、「-」とした。
12 金属粒子
14 多価アルコール
16 溶媒
18 有機溶媒
Claims (17)
- 金属粒子と、
溶媒と、
大気圧における沸点が150℃以上であり、水と混和可能な有機溶媒と、
OH基を2つ以上含み、水及びエタノールに溶解可能な多価アルコールと、
を含む、
金属インク。 - 前記多価アルコールは、前記金属インクの全量に対して、質量比で0.01%以上20.0%以下含まれる、請求項1に記載の金属インク。
- 前記金属粒子は、前記金属インクの全量に対して、質量比で1.0%以上50.0%以下含まれる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の金属インク。
- 前記有機溶媒は、前記金属インクの全量に対して、質量比で0.01%以上30.0%以下含まれる、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記有機溶媒は、グリコールエーテル及び非プロトン性極性溶媒の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記多価アルコールは、融点が30℃以上である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記溶媒は、水を含む、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記溶媒は、エタノールを含む、請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記溶媒は、OH基を1つ以上含み、沸点が150℃以上であり、水に難溶又は不溶な液体である高沸点溶媒を含む、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記金属粒子は、銅及び銀の少なくとも1つである、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 前記金属粒子は、銅または銀であり、前記溶媒は、水を含み、前記有機溶媒は、グリコールエーテル及び非プロトン性極性溶媒の少なくとも1つを含み、前記多価アルコールは、OH基を2つ以上含み、水及びエタノールに溶解可能であって、且つ、融点が30℃以上である多価アルコールの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の金属インク。
- 金属粒子と、溶媒と、大気圧における沸点が150℃以上であり水と混和可能な有機溶媒と、OH基を2つ以上含み、水及びエタノールに溶解可能な多価アルコールとを混合して、前記金属粒子と前記溶媒と前記多価アルコールを含む金属インクを製造する、
金属インクの製造方法。 - 前記金属粒子と、前記溶媒としての水と、前記多価アルコールと、前記有機溶媒とを混合して、前記金属粒子と水と前記有機溶媒と前記多価アルコールとを含む金属インクである第1金属インクを製造する、請求項12に記載の金属インクの製造方法。
- 前記第1金属インクと、前記溶媒としてのエタノールとを混合して、前記金属粒子と水と前記エタノールと前記多価アルコールと前記有機溶媒とを含む金属インクである第2金属インクを製造する、請求項13に記載の金属インクの製造方法。
- 前記第2金属インクと、OH基を1つ以上含み、沸点が150℃以上であり、水に難溶又は不溶な液体である前記溶媒としての高沸点溶媒とを混合して、前記金属粒子と水と前記エタノールと前記高沸点溶媒と前記多価アルコールと前記有機溶媒とを含む金属インクである第3金属インクを製造する、請求項14に記載の金属インクの製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の金属インクを加熱して金属層を形成する、
金属層の製造方法。 - 請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の金属インクを用いて作られた、金属層。
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