WO2023002869A1 - 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、電子デバイスの製造方法、樹脂、及び樹脂の製造方法 - Google Patents
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、電子デバイスの製造方法、樹脂、及び樹脂の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F212/22—Oxygen
- C08F212/24—Phenols or alcohols
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
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- C08F220/1806—C6-(meth)acrylate, e.g. (cyclo)hexyl (meth)acrylate or phenyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/38—Esters containing sulfur
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0382—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
- G03F7/0397—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition the macromolecular compound having an alicyclic moiety in a side chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
Definitions
- the present invention provides an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a method for producing an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition, an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive film, a pattern forming method, and a method for producing an electronic device. , resins, and methods for producing resins. More specifically, the present invention provides an ultra-microlithography process applicable to ultra LSI (Large Scale Integration) and high-capacity microchip manufacturing processes, nanoimprint mold manufacturing processes, high-density information recording medium manufacturing processes, and the like.
- ultra LSI Large Scale Integration
- Actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition suitably used for other photofabrication processes, method for producing actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition, actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive film, pattern
- the present invention relates to a forming method, an electronic device manufacturing method, and a resin.
- immersion liquid a liquid with a high refractive index
- Patent Document 1 describes an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a resin containing a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group and a fluorine atom.
- Patent Document 2 describes a polymerizable compound having a pentafluorosulfanyl group and a polymer thereof.
- LWR performance refers to performance that can reduce the LWR of a pattern.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition described in Patent Document 1 is excellent in resolution and LWR performance, defects are not described.
- Patent Literature 2 does not mention a resist composition at all.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition with few defects and excellent LWR performance.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, and a pattern forming method. , a method for producing an electronic device, and a resin that can be used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group and a solvent.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to [1] which contains a compound that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a ring.
- the resin (A) contains a repeating unit formed by polymerizing a polymerizable group of a polymerizable compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (2), (3) and (4) [1] The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to any one of [6].
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- Xa represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group. When multiple Xa are present, the multiple Xa may be the same or different.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 or more and (5+2k) or less.
- m2 represents an integer of 0 or more and (5+2k-m1) or less.
- k represents an integer of 0 or more.
- Each * represents a bond that binds to the aromatic hydrocarbon described in general formula (2).
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- W1 represents a group having a lactone structure.
- m3 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- Rx 4 and Rx 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group. Rx 4 and Rx 5 may combine to form a ring.
- the resin according to [15] comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of repeating units having a lactone group, repeating units having a cyclic carbonate group, and repeating units having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the method for producing a resin according to [15] or [16], comprising the step of adding a solution of the resin to a poor solvent containing an organic solvent (Y) to cause precipitation of the resin.
- an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition with few defects and excellent LWR performance.
- a method for producing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, and a pattern It is possible to provide a forming method, an electronic device manufacturing method, and a resin that can be used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the notation that does not describe substituted or unsubstituted includes groups containing substituents as well as groups that do not have substituents. do.
- an "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- a substituent a monovalent substituent is preferable unless otherwise specified.
- the type of substituent, the position of the substituent, and the number of substituents when "may have a substituent” are not particularly limited.
- the number of substituents can be, for example, one, two, three, or more.
- substituents include monovalent nonmetallic atomic groups excluding hydrogen atoms, and can be selected from the following substituents T, for example.
- the substituent T includes halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom; alkoxy groups such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a tert-butoxy group; an aryloxy group such as a phenoxy group and a p-tolyloxy group; alkoxycarbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group and phenoxycarbonyl group; acyloxy groups such as acetoxy group, propionyloxy group and benzoyloxy group; acetyl group, benzoyl group, isobutyryl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group and methoxalyl group, etc.
- halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- alkoxy groups such as a me
- Alkylsulfanyl groups such as a methylsulfanyl group and a tert-butylsulfanyl group; Arylsulfanyl groups such as a phenylsulfanyl group and a p-tolylsulfanyl group; Alkyl groups; Cycloalkyl groups; carboxy group; formyl group; sulfo group; cyano group; alkylaminocarbonyl group; arylaminocarbonyl group; sulfonamide group; silyl group; amino group; and combinations thereof.
- organic group refers to a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- actinic rays or “radiation” refers to, for example, the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays represented by excimer lasers, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV: Extreme Ultraviolet), X-rays, and electron beams ( EB means Electron Beam).
- light means actinic rays or radiation.
- exposure means, unless otherwise specified, not only exposure by the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays represented by excimer lasers, extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and EUV, but also electron beams, It also includes writing with particle beams such as ion beams.
- the bonding direction of the divalent groups indicated is not limited unless otherwise specified.
- Y when Y is -COO-, Y may be -CO-O- or -O-CO- good too. Further, the above compound may be "X—CO—O—Z” or "X—O—CO—Z.”
- (meth)acrylate refers to acrylate and methacrylate
- (meth)acryl refers to acrylic and methacrylic.
- weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and dispersity (hereinafter also referred to as "molecular weight distribution") (Mw/Mn) are measured by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) equipment (Tosoh Corporation).
- HLC-8120 GPC manufactured by HLC-8120 GPC by GPC measurement (solvent: tetrahydrofuran, flow rate (sample injection volume): 10 ⁇ L, column: TSK gel Multipore HXL-M manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, column temperature: 40 ° C., flow rate: 1.0 mL / min, detector : Defined as a polystyrene conversion value by a differential refractive index detector (Refractive Index Detector).
- the acid dissociation constant (pKa) represents the pKa in an aqueous solution. is a calculated value. All pKa values described herein are calculated using this software package.
- Software Package 1 Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V8.14 for Solaris (1994-2007 ACD/Labs).
- pKa can also be determined by molecular orbital calculation.
- H + dissociation free energy can be calculated by, for example, DFT (density functional theory), but various other methods have been reported in literature, etc., and are not limited to this. .
- DFT density functional theory
- Gaussian16 is an example.
- pKa refers to a value obtained by calculating a value based on Hammett's substituent constant and a database of known literature values using Software Package 1, as described above. cannot be calculated, a value obtained by Gaussian 16 based on DFT (density functional theory) shall be adopted.
- pKa refers to "pKa in aqueous solution” as described above, but when pKa in aqueous solution cannot be calculated, “pKa in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution” is used. shall be adopted.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group (also simply referred to as "resin (A)") and a solvent.
- resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group
- solvent also simply referred to as "resin (A)
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention is typically a resist composition, and hereinafter, the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention is also referred to as "resist composition". .
- the resist composition may be a positive resist composition or a negative resist composition.
- the resist composition may be a resist composition for alkali development, or may be a resist composition for organic solvent development.
- the resist composition is preferably a chemically amplified resist composition.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention has few defects and is excellent in LWR performance. It is presumed that the pentafluorosulfanyl group, which is bulky and has a specific steric configuration, can effectively suppress acid diffusion in the resist film, resulting in excellent LWR performance. In addition, it is estimated that the high absorption of EB and EUV by the pentafluorosulfanyl group and the increased photon absorption efficiency of the resist film are also factors for the improvement of the LWR performance.
- the use of the resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group increases the dissolution contrast between the unexposed portion and the exposed portion of the resist film in the developing solution, thereby suppressing the occurrence of defects.
- the mechanism for improving the dissolution contrast is presumed as follows. Presumed mechanism for alkaline development: Since the resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group is very poorly soluble in an alkaline developer, the solubility of the unexposed area is low.
- the pentafluorosulfanyl group enhances the solubility of the acid group produced by exposure in an alkaline developer (the reason is not clear, but it is likely that the acid group produced by exposure and the pentafluorosulfanyl group interact in some way). presumed to be). As a result, the dissolution contrast between the unexposed area and the exposed area is increased. Presumed mechanism in the case of organic solvent development: Since the resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group is very soluble in an organic solvent developer, the unexposed area has high solubility.
- the pentafluorosulfanyl group reduces the solubility of the acid group generated by exposure in an organic solvent developer (the reason is not clear, but it is likely that the acid group generated by exposure and the pentafluorosulfanyl group are interacting in some way). presumed to be working). As a result, the dissolution contrast between the unexposed area and the exposed area is increased.
- the resist composition contains a resin (A) having a pentafluorosulfanyl group (-SF 5 ).
- Resin (A) is typically a polymer, preferably a polymer having a molecular weight of 1000 or more. Resin (A) may be oligomeric or polymeric.
- the structure of the resin (A) is not particularly limited as long as it has at least one pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- the resin (A) may be, for example, a resin containing a repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group and a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, or may further have a repeating unit having a lactone group and a cyclic carbonate group. It may be a resin containing at least one selected from the group consisting of repeating units and repeating units having a phenolic hydroxyl group. Also, the resin (A) may be a resin other than these.
- Resin (A) preferably contains an acid-decomposable group (a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase polarity), and more preferably contains a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group.
- resin (A) contains a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group
- resin (A) is an acid-decomposable resin.
- a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group may or may not have a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- the acid-decomposable group is preferably a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a polar group.
- the acid-decomposable group preferably has a structure in which the polar group is protected with a leaving group that leaves under the action of an acid. That is, the resin (A) preferably has a repeating unit having a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a polar group. A resin having this repeating unit has an increased polarity under the action of an acid, thereby increasing the solubility in an alkaline developer and decreasing the solubility in an organic solvent.
- the polar group is preferably an alkali-soluble group such as a carboxy group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, (alkylsulfonyl)(alkylcarbonyl)imide group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)imide group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide group, tris(alkylcarbonyl) ) methylene groups, acidic groups such as tris(alkylsulfonyl)methylene groups, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups.
- the polar group is preferably a carboxy group, a phenolic
- Examples of the leaving group that leaves by the action of an acid include groups represented by formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- Formula (Y1) -C(Rx 1 )(Rx 2 )(Rx 3 )
- Formula (Y3) —C(R 36 )(R 37 )(OR 38 )
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group, an alkyl group (linear or branched), a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic) , an alkenyl group (linear or branched), or an aryl group (monocyclic or polycyclic).
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 are alkyl groups (linear or branched)
- at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are preferably methyl groups.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 preferably each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group, and Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a linear alkyl group. is more preferred.
- Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a ring (which may be monocyclic or polycyclic).
- the alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and t-butyl group.
- the cycloalkyl groups represented by Rx 1 to Rx 3 include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups, and polycyclic groups such as norbornyl, tetracyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecanyl and adamantyl groups. is preferred.
- one of the ring-constituting methylene groups may be replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group, or a vinylidene group.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group
- a vinylidene group one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring
- the aryl group represented by Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl group, naphthyl group and anthryl group.
- a vinyl group is preferable as the alkenyl group for Rx 1 to Rx 3 .
- the ring formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably a cycloalkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 includes a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclododecanyl group. or a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as an adamantyl group, and more preferably a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring contains a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group, or vinylidene group may be substituted.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom
- a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group
- vinylidene group vinylidene group
- one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- Rx 1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group
- Rx 2 and Rx 3 combine to form the above-described cycloalkyl group. is preferred.
- the resist composition is a resist composition for EUV exposure
- two of alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and Rx 1 to Rx 3 represented by Rx 1 to Rx 3 are bonded
- the ring formed by the above preferably further has a fluorine atom or an iodine atom as a substituent.
- R 36 to R 38 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 37 and R 38 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- Monovalent organic groups include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, and alkenyl groups. It is also preferred that R 36 is a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group may contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and/or a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group.
- one or more methylene groups are replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and/or a group containing a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- R 38 may combine with another substituent of the main chain of the repeating unit to form a ring.
- the group formed by bonding R 38 and another substituent of the main chain of the repeating unit to each other is preferably an alkylene group such as a methylene group.
- the resist composition is a resist composition for EUV exposure
- the monovalent organic groups represented by R 36 to R 38 and the ring formed by combining R 37 and R 38 with each other are Furthermore, it is also preferable to have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom as a substituent.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group combining these (for example, a group combining an alkyl group and an aryl group).
- M represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Q is an alkyl group optionally containing a heteroatom, a cycloalkyl group optionally containing a heteroatom, an aryl group optionally containing a heteroatom, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, an aldehyde group, or a group in which these are combined (for example, a group in which an alkyl group and a cycloalkyl group are combined).
- Alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may, for example, have one of the methylene groups replaced by a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, or a group containing a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- L 1 and L 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and the other is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a combination of an alkylene group and an aryl group. At least two of Q, M, and L1 may combine to form a ring (preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring).
- L2 is preferably a secondary or tertiary alkyl group, more preferably a tertiary alkyl group.
- Secondary alkyl groups include isopropyl, cyclohexyl and norbornyl groups, and tertiary alkyl groups include tert-butyl and adamantane groups.
- the Tg (glass transition temperature) and the activation energy are increased, so that the film strength can be ensured and fogging can be suppressed.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and group combining these represented by L 1 and L 2 may further have , a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom in addition to the fluorine atom and the iodine atom (that is, the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl and aralkyl groups, for example in which one of the methylene groups is replaced by a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a group containing a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- the resist composition is, for example, a resist composition for EUV exposure, an alkyl group which may contain a heteroatom represented by Q, a cycloalkyl group which may contain a heteroatom, a heteroatom,
- the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom. It is also preferred that the heteroatom is
- Ar represents an aromatic ring group.
- Rn represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.
- Rn and Ar may combine with each other to form a non-aromatic ring.
- Ar is preferably an aryl group.
- the aromatic ring group represented by Ar and the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and aryl group represented by Rn have fluorine atoms as substituents. and an iodine atom.
- the ring member atoms adjacent to the ring member atoms directly bonded to the polar group (or residue thereof) do not have halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms as substituents.
- the leaving group that leaves by the action of an acid is also a 2-cyclopentenyl group having a substituent (such as an alkyl group) such as a 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenyl group, and a 1,1,4,
- a cyclohexyl group having a substituent (such as an alkyl group) such as a 4-tetramethylcyclohexyl group may also be used.
- the resin (A) includes a group in which the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group is substituted with an acid-decomposable group, a group in which the hydrogen atom of the alcoholic hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-decomposable group, and a group in which the hydrogen atom of the phenolic hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-decomposable group. It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of substituted groups.
- a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AI) is preferable.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group.
- T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a ring.
- the organic group represented by Xa 1 is preferably an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched. Moreover, the said alkyl group may have a substituent. Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group and a group represented by —CH 2 —R 11 .
- R 11 represents a halogen atom (such as a fluorine atom), a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group, for example, an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom Examples include acyl groups having 5 or less carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 5 or less carbon atoms which may be substituted with halogen atoms, preferably alkyl groups having 3 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably methyl groups.
- Xa 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group.
- the divalent linking group for T includes an alkylene group, an aromatic ring group, a --COO--Rt-- group, and a --O--Rt-- group.
- Rt represents an alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group.
- T is preferably a single bond or a -COO-Rt- group, more preferably a single bond.
- Rt is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a -CH 2 - group, a -(CH 2 ) 2 - group, or a -(CH 2 ) 3 - group is more preferred.
- the hydrocarbon groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 preferably have 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group may have a substituent.
- the hydrocarbon groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are preferably alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups or aryl groups.
- the alkyl groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be linear or branched.
- the said alkyl group may have a substituent.
- the above alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and t-butyl group.
- the cycloalkyl groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be monocyclic cycloalkyl groups or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups. Moreover, the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group. preferable.
- one of the ring-constituting methylene groups may be replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group, or a vinylidene group.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group
- a vinylidene group one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring
- the aryl groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be monocyclic aryl groups or polycyclic aryl groups.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.
- the alkenyl groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be linear or branched. Moreover, the said alkenyl group may have a substituent. A vinyl group is preferable as the alkenyl group.
- the formed ring may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the ring formed is preferably a cycloalkyl group.
- cycloalkyl group monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group are preferable.
- Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group are preferred.
- monocyclic cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred.
- a cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring contains a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group. , or may be substituted with a vinylidene group.
- one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, but examples include an alkyl group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, etc.), and an alkylthio group. (C1-4, etc.), carboxy groups, and alkoxycarbonyl groups (C2-6, etc.).
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- the resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a ring.
- the repeating unit represented by general formula (1) is typically a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group.
- Xa 1 in general formula (1) has the same meaning as Xa 1 in general formula (AI) described above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 in general formula (1) have the same meanings as Rx 1 to Rx 3 in general formula (AI) described above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AX2) is also preferable.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a ring.
- Ar 1 represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Xa 1 in general formula (AX2) has the same meaning as Xa 1 in general formula (AI) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 in general formula (AX2) have the same meanings as Rx 1 to Rx 3 in general formula (AI) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Ar 1 in the general formula (AX2) is preferably an arylene group, more preferably an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, phenylene is particularly preferred.
- Ar 1 may have a substituent, and examples of substituents include an alkyl group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, and an alkoxy group. Examples thereof include carbonyl groups (2 to 6 carbon atoms), and those having 8 or less carbon atoms are preferred.
- the resin (A) contains a group in which the hydrogen atom of the phenolic hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-decomposable group
- the resin (A) is a group in which the hydrogen atom in the phenolic hydroxyl group is represented by formulas (Y1) to (Y4). It is preferable to have a repeating unit having a structure protected by.
- a repeating unit containing a group in which a hydrogen atom of a phenolic hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-decomposable group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AII) is preferable.
- R 61 , R 62 and R 63 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- R62 may combine with Ar6 to form a ring, in which case R62 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- X 6 represents a single bond, -COO- or -CONR 64 -.
- R64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- L6 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Ar 6 represents an (n+1)-valent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and when combined with R 62 to form a ring, represents an (n+2)-valent aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Each Y 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group leaving by the action of an acid when n ⁇ 2. However, at least one of Y2 represents a group that leaves under the action of an acid.
- the group that is eliminated by the action of an acid as Y2 is preferably a group represented by the above formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- n represents an integer of 1-4.
- Each of the above groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, and Examples thereof include alkoxycarbonyl groups (having 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and those having 8 or less carbon atoms are preferred.
- a repeating unit represented by the following formula (AIII) is also preferable as the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom , or represents an aryl group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom
- R 2 represents a leaving group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom which is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- at least one of L 1 , R 1 and R 2 has a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the divalent linking group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom includes —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, a fluorine atom or an iodine atom. (eg, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, etc.), and a linking group in which a plurality of these are linked.
- L 1 is preferably -CO-, arylene group, or -arylene group - alkylene group having fluorine atom or iodine atom -, -CO- or -arylene group - alkylene having fluorine atom or iodine atom Group - is more preferred.
- a phenylene group is preferred as the arylene group.
- Alkylene groups may be linear or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-3.
- the total number of fluorine atoms and iodine atoms contained in the alkylene group having fluorine atoms or iodine atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, and even more preferably 3 to 6.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, or an aryl group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- Alkyl groups may be straight or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-3. The total number of fluorine atoms and iodine atoms contained in the alkyl group having fluorine atoms or iodine atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 to 3.
- the above alkyl group may contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom other than the halogen atom.
- R 2 represents a leaving group that leaves by the action of an acid and may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the leaving group optionally having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom includes the leaving groups represented by the above formulas (Y1) to (Y4) and having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group is not particularly limited, but it is 15 mol% based on the total repeating units in the resin (A). The above is preferable, 20 mol % or more is more preferable, and 30 mol % or more is still more preferable.
- the content of repeating units having an acid-decomposable group is preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, and even more preferably 70 mol% or less, relative to all repeating units in the resin (A). , 60 mol % or less is particularly preferred.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, or may contain two or more types thereof.
- repeating units having an acid-decomposable group are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Xa 1 is any one of H, CH 3 , CF 3 and CH 2 OH
- Rxa and Rxb each represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group containing an unsaturated bond.
- a repeating unit represented by formula (B) is preferable.
- Xb represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted alkyl group.
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group which may have a substituent.
- Ry 1 to Ry 3 each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group, a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group. However, at least one of Ry 1 to Ry 3 represents an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkenyl group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group. Two of Ry 1 to Ry 3 may combine to form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring (a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, cycloalkenyl group, etc.).
- the optionally substituted alkyl group represented by Xb includes, for example, a methyl group and a group represented by —CH 2 —R 11 .
- R 11 represents a halogen atom (such as a fluorine atom), a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group, for example, an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom Examples include acyl groups having 5 or less carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 5 or less carbon atoms which may be substituted with halogen atoms, preferably alkyl groups having 3 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably methyl groups.
- Xb is preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group.
- Rt represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an aromatic ring group, preferably an aromatic ring group.
- L is preferably -Rt-, -CO-, -COO-Rt-CO- or -Rt-CO-.
- Rt may have a substituent such as a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, or the like. Aromatic groups are preferred.
- the alkyl group of Ry 1 to Ry 3 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and t-butyl group.
- Cycloalkyl groups represented by Ry 1 to Ry 3 include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups, or polycyclic groups such as norbornyl, tetracyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecanyl, and adamantyl groups. is preferred.
- the aryl group represented by Ry 1 to Ry 3 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl group, naphthyl group and anthryl group.
- a vinyl group is preferable as the alkenyl group for Ry 1 to Ry 3 .
- An ethynyl group is preferred as the alkynyl group for Ry 1 to Ry 3 .
- As the cycloalkenyl groups represented by Ry 1 to Ry 3 monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups having a structure partially containing a double bond are preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Ry 1 to Ry 3 is preferably a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group are preferred.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- a cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Ry 1 to Ry 3 or a cycloalkenyl group is, for example, one of the methylene groups constituting the ring is a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, —SO 2 — groups, heteroatom-containing groups such as —SO 3 — groups, or vinylidene groups, or combinations thereof. Further, in these cycloalkyl groups or cycloalkenyl groups, one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring or cycloalkene ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- Ry 1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, or an aryl group
- Ry 2 and Ry 3 combine to form the above-mentioned cycloalkyl group
- An aspect in which a cycloalkenyl group is formed is preferred.
- examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxy group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group ( 2 to 6 carbon atoms).
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (B) is preferably an acid-decomposable (meth)acrylic acid tertiary ester-based repeating unit (Xb represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and L represents a —CO— group.
- repeating unit represented acid-decomposable hydroxystyrene tertiary alkyl ether-based repeating unit (repeating unit in which Xb represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L represents a phenyl group), acid-decomposable styrene carboxylic acid tertiary ester It is a repeating unit (a repeating unit in which Xb represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L represents a -Rt-CO- group (Rt is an aromatic group)).
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group containing an unsaturated bond is on the other hand, 15 mol% or more is preferable, 20 mol% or more is more preferable, and 30 mol% or more is still more preferable.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group containing an unsaturated bond is preferably 80 mol% or less, more preferably 70 mol% or less, more preferably 60 mol, based on the total repeating units in the fat (A). % or less is particularly preferred.
- Xb and L represent any one of the substituents and linking groups described above
- Ar represents an aromatic group
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, alkenyl group, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, acyloxy group, cyano group, nitro group, amino group, halogen atom, ester group (-OCOR''' or -COOR''': R''' is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms group or fluorinated alkyl group), or a substituent such as a carboxy group, and R′ is a linear or branched alkyl group, a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a single represents a
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a polar group.
- a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, etc. are mentioned as a polar group.
- the repeating unit having a polar group is preferably a repeating unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with a polar group.
- the repeating unit having a polar group preferably does not have an acid-decomposable group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon structures substituted with a polar group the alicyclic hydrocarbon structure is preferably an adamantyl group or a norbornyl group.
- a repeating unit having a polar group may or may not have a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- repeating units having a polar group include structural units disclosed in paragraphs 0415 to 0433 of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit having a polar group, or may contain two or more types thereof.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 mol% to 40 mol%, preferably 1 to 30 mol%, based on the total repeating units in the resin (A). is more preferred.
- the resin (A) may contain repeating units other than the repeating units described above.
- the resin (A) contains at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of Group A below and/or at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of Group B below. good too.
- Group A A group consisting of the following repeating units (20) to (29).
- a repeating unit having an acid group, described later (21) a repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, described later (22) a repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group, described later (23) a repeating unit described later a repeating unit having a photoacid-generating group (24) a repeating unit represented by the formula (V-1) or the following formula (V-2), which will be described later; (25) a repeating unit represented by the formula (A), which will be described later (26) Repeating unit represented by formula (B), described later (27) Repeating unit represented by formula (C), described later (28) Repeating unit represented by formula (D), described later (29) Group B of repeating units represented by formula (E), which will be described later: A group consisting of the following repeating units (30) to (32).
- the resin (A) preferably has an acid group, and preferably contains a repeating unit having an acid group as described later.
- the definition of the acid group will be explained later along with preferred embodiments of repeating units having an acid group.
- the resin (A) When the resist composition is used as an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV, the resin (A) preferably has at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of Group A above. Moreover, when the resist composition is used as an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV, the resin (A) preferably contains at least one of a fluorine atom and an iodine atom.
- the resin (A) may have one repeating unit containing both a fluorine atom and an iodine atom, and the resin (A) It may contain two types of a repeating unit containing a fluorine atom and a repeating unit containing an iodine atom.
- the resin (A) preferably has a repeating unit having an aromatic group.
- the resin (A) When the resist composition is used as an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF, the resin (A) preferably has at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of Group B above. When the resist composition is used as an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF, the resin (A) preferably contains neither fluorine atoms nor silicon atoms. Moreover, when the resist composition is used as an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF, the resin (A) preferably does not have an aromatic group.
- the resin (A) preferably has at least one selected from the group consisting of a lactone group, a carbonate group, a sultone group, and a cyclic group having a hydroxyl group.
- a lactone group, a carbonate group, or a sultone group will be described later.
- the cyclic group having a hydroxyl group is preferably an alicyclic group having a hydroxyl group, and specific examples include those exemplified in the repeating units having an acid group described below.
- Resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit having an acid group.
- an acid group having a pKa of 13 or less is preferable.
- the acid dissociation constant of the acid group is preferably 13 or less, more preferably 3-13, and even more preferably 5-10.
- the content of the acid group in the resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is often 0.2 to 6.0 mmol/g. Among them, 0.8 to 6.0 mmol/g is preferable, 1.2 to 5.0 mmol/g is more preferable, and 1.6 to 4.0 mmol/g is even more preferable.
- the acid group is preferably, for example, a carboxy group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group), a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonamide group, or an isopropanol group.
- a fluorinated alcohol group preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group
- a sulfonic acid group preferably a sulfonamide group
- an isopropanol group preferably 1 to 2
- fluorine atoms may be substituted with a group other than a fluorine atom (such as an alkoxycarbonyl group).
- the acid group is -C(CF 3 )(OH)-CF 2 - thus formed.
- one or more of the fluorine atoms may be substituted with a group other than a fluorine atom to form a ring containing -C(CF 3 )(OH)-CF 2 -.
- the repeating unit having an acid group is a repeating unit having a structure in which the polar group is protected by a leaving group that leaves under the action of an acid, and a repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group, which will be described later. are preferably different repeating units.
- a repeating unit having an acid group may or may not have a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- a repeating unit having an acid group may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- repeating units having an acid group include the following repeating units.
- Resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (Y) is preferred.
- A represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, or a cyano group.
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group having an oxygen atom.
- R represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, an alkylsulfonyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group or an aryloxycarbonyl group; They may be the same or different depending on the case. When it has a plurality of R, they may jointly form a ring.
- a hydrogen atom is preferred as R.
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3;
- b represents an integer from 0 to (5-a).
- R in general formula (Y) is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- L is a single bond.
- repeating units having an acid group are shown below.
- a represents an integer of 1-3.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid group is preferably 10 mol% or more, based on the total repeating units in the resin (A). mol% or more is more preferable.
- the content of repeating units having an acid group is preferably 70 mol % or less, more preferably 65 mol % or less, and even more preferably 60 mol % or less, relative to all repeating units in the resin (A).
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit having an acid group, or may contain two or more types thereof.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, in addition to the ⁇ repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group> and the ⁇ repeating unit having an acid group> described above.
- the ⁇ repeating unit having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom> referred to herein is the ⁇ repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group or a carbonate group> and the ⁇ repeating unit having a photoacid-generating group> described below.
- a repeating unit having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom may or may not have a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- repeating unit having a fluorine atom a bromine atom or an iodine atom
- a repeating unit represented by formula (C) is preferable.
- L5 represents a single bond or an ester group.
- R9 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group optionally having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group optionally having a bromine atom or an iodine atom, a cycloalkyl group optionally having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or It represents an aryl group optionally having an iodine atom, or a group combining these.
- repeating units having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom are shown below.
- the content of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom is 0 mol % or more is preferable, 5 mol % or more is more preferable, and 10 mol % or more is still more preferable. Further, the content of repeating units having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 45 mol% or less, more preferably 40 mol%, based on all repeating units in the resin (A).
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, or may contain two or more types thereof.
- the repeating units having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom do not include ⁇ repeating units having an acid-decomposable group> and ⁇ repeating units having an acid group>.
- repeating units having atoms, bromine atoms or iodine atoms is also the repeating units having fluorine atoms, bromine atoms or iodine atoms excluding ⁇ repeating units having an acid-decomposable group> and ⁇ repeating units having an acid group> content of
- the total content of repeating units containing at least one of a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom is preferably 10 mol% or more with respect to all repeating units of the resin (A). , more preferably 20 mol % or more, still more preferably 30 mol % or more, and particularly preferably 40 mol % or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 100 mol % or less with respect to all repeating units of the resin (A).
- the repeating unit containing at least one of a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom includes, for example, a repeating unit having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom and having an acid-decomposable group, a fluorine atom, a bromine repeating units having an acid group, and repeating units having a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.
- the resin (A) may contain repeating units having at least one group selected from the group consisting of lactone groups, sultone groups, carbonate groups, hydroxyl groups, cyano groups, and alkali-soluble groups.
- Resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit having at least one selected from the group consisting of a lactone group and a cyclic carbonate group.
- a repeating unit having at least one selected from the group consisting of a lactone group, a sultone group, and a carbonate group (hereinafter collectively referred to as "a repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group").
- a repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group preferably does not have an acid group such as a hydroxyl group and a hexafluoropropanol group.
- a repeating unit having at least one type of group selected from the group consisting of a lactone group, a sultone group, a carbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group may have a pentafluorosulfanyl group. It does not have to have a sulfanyl group.
- the lactone group or sultone group may have a lactone structure or sultone structure.
- the lactone structure or sultone structure is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring lactone structure or a 5- to 7-membered ring sultone structure.
- the resin (A) has a lactone structure represented by any one of the following formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21), or any one of the following formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3). It is preferable to have a repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone group obtained by extracting one or more hydrogen atoms from ring member atoms of a sultone structure. Also, a lactone group or a sultone group may be directly bonded to the main chain. For example, ring member atoms of a lactone group or a sultone group may constitute the main chain of resin (A).
- the lactone structure or sultone structure portion may have a substituent (Rb 2 ).
- Preferred substituents (Rb 2 ) include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a carboxy group. , halogen atoms, cyano groups, and acid-labile groups.
- n2 represents an integer of 0-4. When n2 is 2 or more, multiple Rb 2 may be different, and multiple Rb 2 may combine to form a ring.
- Examples include repeating units represented by the following formula (AI-2).
- Rb 0 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred substituents that the alkyl group of Rb 0 may have include a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom.
- a halogen atom for Rb 0 includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- Rb 0 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Ab is a single bond, an alkylene group, a divalent linking group having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a carboxy group, or a divalent group combining these represents Among them, a single bond or a linking group represented by -Ab 1 -CO 2 - is preferred.
- Ab 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group or a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group, preferably a methylene group, ethylene group, cyclohexylene group, adamantylene group or norbornylene group.
- V is a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a ring member atom of a lactone structure represented by any one of formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21), or formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1- 3) represents a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a ring member atom of the sultone structure represented by any one of 3).
- any optical isomer may be used.
- one kind of optical isomer may be used alone, or a plurality of optical isomers may be mixed and used.
- its optical purity (ee) is preferably 90 or more, more preferably 95 or more.
- a cyclic carbonate group (cyclic carbonate group) is preferable.
- a repeating unit having a cyclic carbonate group a repeating unit represented by the following formula (A-1) is preferable.
- R A 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- n represents an integer of 0 or more.
- R A 2 represents a substituent. When n is 2 or more, a plurality of R A 2 may be the same or different.
- A represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group includes an alkylene group, a divalent linking group having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a carboxy group, or a combination of these. valence groups are preferred.
- Z represents an atomic group forming a monocyclic or polycyclic ring together with the group represented by -O-CO-O- in the formula.
- Rx represents a hydrogen atom, -CH 3 , -CH 2 OH, or -CF 3 .
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group. This improves the adhesion to the substrate and the compatibility with the developer.
- a repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group is preferably a repeating unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with a hydroxyl group or a cyano group.
- a repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group preferably does not have an acid-decomposable group. Repeating units having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group include those described in paragraphs [0081] to [0084] of JP-A-2014-98921.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group.
- the alkali-soluble group includes a carboxy group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, a bissulsulfonylimide group, and an aliphatic alcohol substituted with an electron-withdrawing group at the ⁇ -position (e.g., a hexafluoroisopropanol group). groups are preferred.
- the resin (A) contains a repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group, the resolution for contact holes is increased. Repeating units having an alkali-soluble group include those described in paragraphs [0085] and [0086] of JP-A-2014-98921.
- the content of repeating units having at least one group selected from a lactone group, a sultone group, a carbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group is 1 mol with respect to all repeating units in the resin (A). % or more is preferable, and 10 mol % or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 85 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, still more preferably 70 mol% or less, and particularly 60 mol% or less, relative to all repeating units in the resin (A). preferable.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit having at least one type of group selected from a lactone group, a sultone group, a carbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group, or two or more types. may contain.
- the resin (A) may have, as a repeating unit other than the above, a repeating unit having a group that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation (hereinafter also referred to as "photoacid-generating group").
- a repeating unit having a photoacid-generating group may or may not have a pentafluorosulfanyl group. Examples of repeating units having a photoacid-generating group include repeating units represented by the following formula (4).
- R41 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- L41 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L42 represents a divalent linking group.
- R40 represents a structural site that is decomposed by exposure to actinic rays or radiation to generate an acid in the side chain. Examples of repeating units having a photoacid-generating group are shown below.
- repeating unit represented by formula (4) includes, for example, repeating units described in paragraphs [0094] to [0105] of JP-A-2014-041327, and paragraphs of WO 2018/193954. [0094] include repeat units.
- the content of the repeating unit having a photoacid-generating group is preferably 1 mol% or more with respect to all repeating units in the resin (A), 5 mol % or more is more preferable.
- the content of the repeating unit having a photoacid-generating group is preferably 40 mol% or less, more preferably 35 mol% or less, and still more preferably 30 mol% or less, relative to all repeating units in the resin (A). .
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of content of the repeating unit having a photoacid-generating group, or may contain two or more types.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit represented by the following formula (V-1) or the following formula (V-2).
- Repeating units represented by the following formulas (V-1) and (V-2) below are preferably different repeating units from the repeating units described above.
- a repeating unit represented by formula (V-1) or formula (V-2) below may or may not have a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a halogen atom, an ester group (-OCOR or -COOR: R is the number of carbon atoms; 1 to 6 alkyl groups or fluorinated alkyl groups), or a carboxy group.
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- n3 represents an integer of 0-6.
- n4 represents an integer of 0-4.
- X4 is a methylene group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- the repeating units represented by formula (V-1) or (V-2) are exemplified below. Examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (V-1) or (V-2) include repeating units described in paragraph [0100] of WO 2018/193954.
- the resin (A) preferably has a high glass transition temperature (Tg) from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive diffusion of generated acid or pattern collapse during development.
- Tg is preferably greater than 90°C, more preferably greater than 100°C, even more preferably greater than 110°C, and particularly preferably greater than 125°C. Since an excessively high Tg causes a decrease in the dissolution rate in the developer, the Tg is preferably 400° C. or less, more preferably 350° C. or less.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer such as resin (A) (hereinafter "Tg of repeating unit" is calculated by the following method.
- the Tg of a homopolymer consisting only of each repeating unit contained in the polymer is calculated by the Bicerano method.
- the mass ratio (%) of each repeating unit to all repeating units in the polymer is calculated.
- the Tg at each mass ratio is calculated using Fox's formula (described in Materials Letters 62 (2008) 3152, etc.), and these are summed up to obtain the Tg (° C.) of the polymer.
- the Bicerano method is described in Prediction of polymer properties, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York (1993).
- calculation of Tg by the Bicerano method can be performed using a polymer property estimation software MDL Polymer (MDL Information Systems, Inc.).
- Methods for reducing the mobility of the main chain of the resin (A) include the following methods (a) to (e).
- (a) Introduction of bulky substituents to the main chain (b) Introduction of multiple substituents to the main chain (c) Introduction of substituents that induce interaction between the resin (A) in the vicinity of the main chain ( d) Main Chain Formation in Cyclic Structure (e) Linking of Cyclic Structure to Main Chain
- the resin (A) preferably has a repeating unit exhibiting a homopolymer Tg of 130° C. or higher.
- the type of repeating unit exhibiting a homopolymer Tg of 130° C. or higher is not particularly limited as long as it is a repeating unit having a homopolymer Tg of 130° C. or higher calculated by the Bicerano method.
- the homopolymers correspond to repeating units exhibiting a homopolymer Tg of 130° C. or higher.
- RA represents a group containing a polycyclic structure.
- R x represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.
- a group containing a polycyclic structure is a group containing multiple ring structures, and the multiple ring structures may or may not be condensed.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (A) include those described in paragraphs [0107] to [0119] of WO2018/193954.
- R b1 to R b4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least two or more of R b1 to R b4 represent an organic group.
- the type of the other organic group is not particularly limited.
- at least two of the organic groups have three or more constituent atoms excluding hydrogen atoms. is a substituent.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (B) include those described in paragraphs [0113] to [0115] of WO2018/193954.
- R c1 to R c4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R c1 to R c4 is hydrogen bonding hydrogen within 3 atoms from the main chain carbon It is a group containing atoms. Above all, it is preferable to have a hydrogen-bonding hydrogen atom within 2 atoms (closer to the main chain side) in order to induce interaction between the main chains of the resin (A).
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (C) include those described in paragraphs [0119] to [0121] of WO2018/193954.
- “cylic” represents a group forming a main chain with a cyclic structure.
- the number of constituent atoms of the ring is not particularly limited.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (D) include those described in paragraphs [0126] to [0127] of WO2018/193954.
- each Re independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- organic groups include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, and alkenyl groups which may have substituents.
- a "cylic” is a cyclic group containing main chain carbon atoms. The number of atoms contained in the cyclic group is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (E) include those described in paragraphs [0131] to [0133] of WO2018/193954.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit that has an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure and does not exhibit acid decomposability. This can reduce the elution of low-molecular-weight components from the resist film into the immersion liquid during immersion exposure.
- Such repeating units include, for example, repeating units derived from 1-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, diamantyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclodecanyl (meth)acrylate, or cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit represented by formula (III) that has neither a hydroxyl group nor a cyano group.
- R5 represents a hydrocarbon group having at least one cyclic structure and having neither a hydroxyl group nor a cyano group.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a --CH 2 --O--Ra 2 group.
- Ra2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an acyl group. Examples of the repeating unit represented by formula (III) having neither a hydroxyl group nor a cyano group include those described in paragraphs [0087] to [0094] of JP-A-2014-98921.
- the resin (A) may have repeating units other than the repeating units described above.
- the resin (A) has repeating units selected from the group consisting of repeating units having an oxathian ring group, repeating units having an oxazolone ring group, repeating units having a dioxane ring group, and repeating units having a hydantoin ring group. You may have Such repeating units are exemplified below.
- the resin (A) may contain various repeating structural units for the purpose of adjusting dry etching resistance, suitability for standard developer, substrate adhesion, resist profile, resolution, heat resistance, sensitivity, and the like. may have
- Resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- the content of the repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% or more, and 10 mol% or more of the total repeating units in the resin (A). More preferred.
- the content of repeating units having a pentafluorosulfanyl group is preferably 70 mol% or less, more preferably 65 mol% or less, and even more preferably 60 mol% or less, relative to all repeating units in the resin (A). , 55 mol % or less is particularly preferred.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group, or may contain two or more types thereof.
- the resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (2), (3) and (4).
- a repeating unit formed by polymerizing a polymerizable group of a polymerizable compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (2), (3) and (4) is a repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- Repeating unit (2) A repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) is also referred to as “repeating unit (2)”.
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- Xa represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group. When multiple Xa are present, the multiple Xa may be the same or different.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 or more and (5+2k) or less.
- m2 represents an integer of 0 or more and (5+2k-m1) or less.
- k represents an integer of 0 or more.
- Each * represents a bond that binds to the aromatic hydrocarbon described in general formula (2).
- Z1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- the polymerizable group of Z 1 is not particularly limited, it is preferably a group containing an unsaturated double bond. Acryloyl groups are preferred.
- Z 1 may be a group consisting only of a polymerizable group, or may be a group consisting of a polymerizable group and another group. Examples of groups composed of a polymerizable group and another group include groups in which at least one hydrogen atom of the polymerizable group is substituted with a substituent (for example, the above-mentioned substituent T).
- E1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- the linking group of E 1 is not particularly limited, but includes -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -NE 2 -, hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, etc.), a heteroarylene group, and a linking group in which a plurality of these are linked.
- E2 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- E2 represents an organic group
- the organic group is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group.
- Alkyl groups for E2 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, hexyl group, 2 -ethylhexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group and the like.
- the following alkyl groups are preferable, and alkyl groups having 8 or less carbon atoms are more preferable.
- the alkyl group as E2 may have a substituent.
- the alkylene group for E 1 may have a substituent, and is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, hexylene group and octylene group. is preferred.
- the cycloalkylene group for E 1 may have a substituent, and preferably has 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene and adamantylene.
- the cycloalkylene group for example, one of the methylene groups constituting the ring may be replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, a group containing a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group, or a vinylidene group.
- one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- the alkenylene group for E 1 may have a substituent, and is preferably an alkenylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the arylene group as E 1 may have a substituent, and preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a phenylene group, tolylene group, naphthylene group, biphenylene group, etc. is particularly preferred.
- the heteroarylene group as E 1 is a divalent aromatic group (divalent aromatic heterocyclic group) containing a hetero atom as a ring member, and the hetero atom includes an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, and the like. mentioned.
- the heteroarylene group preferably has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of heteroarylene groups include groups obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, and the like.
- the heteroarylene group as E 1 may have a substituent.
- E 1 is a single bond, or an arylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —NE 2 —, or a divalent linkage consisting of a combination of these preferably represents a group.
- Xa represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group.
- the halogen atom of Xa is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the organic group of Xa preferably represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.
- the alkyl group for Xa is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and t-butyl group.
- Cycloalkyl groups for Xa include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups, and polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as norbornyl, tetracyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecanyl, and adamantyl groups. is preferred.
- one of the ring-constituting methylene groups may be replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group, or a vinylidene group.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group
- a vinylidene group one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- the aryl group for Xa is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.
- k represents an integer of 0 or more, preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 or more and (5+2k) or less, preferably an integer of 1 to 7, more preferably an integer of 1 to 5.
- m2 represents an integer of 0 or more and (5+2k ⁇ m1) or less, preferably an integer of 0 to 6, more preferably an integer of 0 to 4.
- the repeating unit (2) is preferably a repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by the following general formula (2A).
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- Xa represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an organic group. When multiple Xa are present, the multiple Xa may be the same or different.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 or more and (5+2k) or less.
- m2 represents an integer of 0 or more and (5+2k-m1) or less.
- k represents an integer of 0 or more.
- Z 1 , E 1 , Xa, m1, m2, and k in general formula (2A) have the same meanings as Z 1 , E 1 , Xa, m1, m2, and k in general formula (2). , specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the repeating unit (2) may have an acid-decomposable group.
- the acid-decomposable group is as described above.
- the content of the repeating unit (2) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mol% or more, and 5 mol of the total repeating units in the resin (A). % or more is more preferable, and 10 mol % or more is even more preferable.
- the content of the repeating unit (2) is preferably 70 mol% or less, more preferably 65 mol% or less, still more preferably 60 mol% or less, and 55 mol% of the total repeating units in the resin (A). % or less is particularly preferred.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit (2), or may contain two or more types thereof.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) are shown below, but are not limited to these.
- Repeating unit (3) A repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by general formula (3) is also referred to as "repeating unit (3)".
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- W1 represents a group having a lactone structure.
- m3 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Z 1 in general formula (3) has the same meaning as Z 1 in general formula (2) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- E 1 in general formula (3) has the same meaning as E 1 in general formula (2) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- W1 in general formula (3) represents a group having a lactone structure.
- the lactone structure of W 1 is preferably a monocyclic or polycyclic lactone structure having 4 or more carbon atoms, more preferably a 5- to 7-membered lactone structure.
- a 5- to 7-membered lactone structure in which another ring structure is condensed to form a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is also preferred.
- the lactone structure is preferably a lactone structure represented by any one of the above formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21).
- m3 represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1-5.
- the repeating unit (3) may have an acid-decomposable group.
- the acid-decomposable group is as described above.
- the content of the repeating unit (3) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mol% or more, and 5 mol of the total repeating units in the resin (A). % or more is more preferable, and 10 mol % or more is even more preferable. Further, the content of the repeating unit (3) is preferably 80 mol% or less, more preferably 75 mol% or less, still more preferably 70 mol% or less, and 65 mol% of the total repeating units in the resin (A). % or less is particularly preferred.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit (3), or may contain two or more types thereof.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (3) are shown below, but are not limited to these.
- Repeating unit (4) A repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by general formula (4) is also referred to as "repeating unit (4)".
- Z 1 represents a group having a polymerizable group.
- E 1 represents a single bond or a linking group.
- Rx 4 and Rx 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group. Rx 4 and Rx 5 may combine to form a ring.
- Z 1 in general formula (4) has the same meaning as Z 1 in general formula (2) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- E 1 in general formula (4) has the same meaning as E 1 in general formula (2) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Rx 4 and Rx 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group. Rx 4 and Rx 5 may combine to form a ring. Although the number of carbon atoms in the organic groups of Rx 4 and Rx 5 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10.
- the organic groups of Rx 4 and Rx 5 are preferably alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, or aryl groups.
- the alkyl groups of Rx 4 and Rx 5 may be linear or branched. Moreover, the said alkyl group may have a substituent.
- the above alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and t-butyl group.
- the above alkyl group may have a substituent.
- the cycloalkyl groups of Rx 4 and Rx 5 may be monocyclic cycloalkyl groups or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups. Moreover, the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group. preferable.
- one of the ring-constituting methylene groups may be replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group, or a vinylidene group.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group
- a vinylidene group one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent.
- the aryl group of Rx 4 and Rx 5 may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. Moreover, the aryl group may have a substituent.
- the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.
- the alkenyl groups of Rx 4 and Rx 5 may be linear or branched. Moreover, the said alkenyl group may have a substituent.
- a vinyl group is preferable as the alkenyl group.
- the ring formed may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the ring formed is preferably a cycloalkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group are preferable.
- Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group are preferred.
- monocyclic cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining Rx 4 and Rx 5 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring contains a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group, or It may be substituted with a vinylidene group.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group, or It may be substituted with a vinylidene group.
- one or more ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, but examples include an alkyl group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, etc.), and an alkylthio group. (C1-4, etc.), carboxy groups, and alkoxycarbonyl groups (C2-6, etc.).
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- the repeating unit (4) may have an acid-decomposable group.
- the acid-decomposable group is as described above.
- the content of the repeating unit (4) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mol% or more, and 5 mol of the total repeating units in the resin (A). % or more is more preferable, and 10 mol % or more is even more preferable. Further, the content of the repeating unit (4) is preferably 80 mol% or less, more preferably 75 mol% or less, still more preferably 70 mol% or less, and 65 mol, based on the total repeating units in the resin (A). % or less is particularly preferred.
- the resin (A) may contain only one type of repeating unit (4), or may contain two or more types thereof.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (4) are shown below, but are not limited to these.
- the resin (A) contains a pentafluorosulfanyl group other than the repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by any one of the general formulas (2), (3) and (4). It may contain a repeating unit having Polymerization to give a repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group other than the repeating unit formed by polymerizing the polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound represented by any one of the general formulas (2), (3) and (4)
- Illustrative compounds are listed below, but are not limited to these.
- all of the repeating units are composed of repeating units derived from a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond. preferable.
- all of the repeating units are composed of (meth)acrylate repeating units.
- all repeating units may be methacrylate repeating units, all repeating units may be acrylate repeating units, or all repeating units may be methacrylate repeating units and acrylate repeating units. It is preferable that the acrylate type repeating unit is 50 mol % or less of the total repeating units.
- Resin (A) can be synthesized according to a conventional method (for example, radical polymerization).
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30,000 or less, more preferably 1,000 to 30,000, still more preferably 3,000 to 30,000, and particularly preferably 4,500 to 15,000 as a polystyrene equivalent value by GPC method.
- the degree of dispersion (molecular weight distribution) of the resin (A) is generally 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1.2 to 3.0, and even more preferably 1.2 to 2.0. The smaller the degree of dispersion, the better the resolution and resist shape, the smoother the side walls of the resist pattern, and the better the roughness.
- the content of the resin (A) in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted depending on the type of the resin (A) and the intended use of the resin (A). .
- the content of the resin (A) in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention is 10.0% by mass or more is preferable, 20.0 to 99.9% by mass is more preferable, 40.0 to 90.0% by mass is still more preferable, and 60.0 to 80.0 % by weight is particularly preferred.
- the content of the resin (A) in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention is Or the total solid content of the radiation-sensitive resin composition is preferably 0.01 to 19.9% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15.0% by mass, and 1.0 to 10.0% by mass More preferred.
- the resin (A) may be used singly or in combination.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a solvent (preferably an organic solvent).
- Solvent consists of (M1) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylate and (M2) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, lactate, acetate, alkoxypropionate, linear ketone, cyclic ketone, lactone, and alkylene carbonate. It preferably contains at least one selected from the group.
- the solvent may further contain components other than components (M1) and (M2).
- component (M1) and component (M2) are described in paragraphs [0218] to [0226] of WO2020/004306, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the content of components other than components (M1) and (M2) is preferably 5 to 30% by mass relative to the total amount of the solvent.
- composition of the present invention may contain a poor solvent containing an organic solvent (Y), which is used in the "process for producing an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition" described later.
- Y organic solvent
- the content of the solvent in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention is preferably determined so that the solid content concentration is 0.5 to 30% by mass, preferably 1 to 20% by mass. It is more preferable to define By doing so, the applicability of the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention can be further improved.
- solid content means all the components other than a solvent.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound (photoacid generator) that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation.
- a compound that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation is also referred to as “compound (B)”.
- Compound (B) may be in the form of a low-molecular-weight compound, or may be in the form of being incorporated into a part of a polymer (for example, resin (A)). Moreover, the form of a low-molecular-weight compound and the form incorporated into a part of a polymer (for example, resin (A)) may be used together.
- the molecular weight of compound (B) is preferably 3,000 or less, more preferably 2,000 or less, and even more preferably 1,000 or less. Although the lower limit is not particularly limited, 100 or more is preferable.
- compound (B) When the compound (B) is in the form of being incorporated into a part of the polymer, it may be incorporated into a part of the resin (A) or into a resin different from the resin (A).
- Compound (B) is preferably a low-molecular-weight compound.
- Examples of the compound (B) include compounds (onium salts) represented by “M + X ⁇ ”, and compounds that generate an organic acid upon exposure are preferred.
- Examples of the organic acid include sulfonic acid (aliphatic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, etc.), carboxylic acid (aliphatic carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, aralkyl carboxylic acid, etc.), carbonyl Sulfonylimidic acids, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imidic acids, and tris(alkylsulfonyl)methide acids.
- sulfonic acid aliphatic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, etc.
- carboxylic acid aliphatic carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, aralkyl carboxylic acid, etc.
- carbonyl Sulfonylimidic acids bis(alkylsulf
- the molecular weight of the generated acid of compound (B) is preferably 240 or more, more preferably 250 or more, still more preferably 260 or more, particularly preferably 270 or more, and 280 or more. is most preferred.
- M + represents an organic cation.
- the structure of the organic cation is not particularly limited. Also, the valence of the organic cation may be 1 or 2 or more.
- a cation represented by the following general formula (ZaI) hereinafter also referred to as “cation (ZaI)”
- cation (ZaII) a cation represented by the following general formula (ZaII)
- ZaII cation (ZaII)
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 each independently represent an organic group.
- R 204 and R 205 each independently represent an organic group.
- the general formulas (ZaI) and (ZaII) are described in detail below.
- At least one of R 201 , R 202 and R 203 in the general formula (ZaI) is an aryl group, or
- At least one of R 204 and R 205 in formula (ZaII) is preferably an aryl group.
- the aryl group may have a substituent, and the substituent is preferably a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom or an iodine atom) or an organic group.
- At least one of R 201 , R 202 and R 203 in general formula (ZaI) has an acid-decomposable group, or at least one of R 204 and R 205 in general formula (ZaII) is It is also preferred to have an acid-decomposable group.
- the acid-decomposable group is the same as in resin (A).
- at least one of R 201 , R 202 and R 203 in general formula (ZaI) has an acid-decomposable group
- at least one of R 201 , R 202 and R 203 contains an acid-decomposable group.
- An aryl group substituted with an organic group is preferred.
- At least one of R 204 and R 205 in general formula (ZaII) has an acid-decomposable group
- at least one of R 204 and R 205 is an aryl group substituted with an organic group containing an acid-decomposable group. is preferably
- the number of carbon atoms in the organic groups as R 201 , R 202 and R 203 is generally 1-30, preferably 1-20. Also, two of R 201 to R 203 may combine to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group. Examples of the group formed by combining two of R 201 to R 203 include an alkylene group (eg, a butylene group and a pentylene group) and —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —. mentioned.
- alkylene group eg, a butylene group and a pentylene group
- Preferred embodiments of the organic cation in formula (ZaI) include cation (ZaI-1), cation (ZaI-2), and organic cations represented by formula (ZaI-3b) (cation (ZaI-3b) ), and an organic cation represented by the formula (ZaI-4b) (cation (ZaI-4b)).
- Cation (ZaI-1) is an arylsulfonium cation in which at least one of R 201 to R 203 in formula (ZaI) above is an aryl group.
- R 201 to R 203 may be aryl groups, or part of R 201 to R 203 may be aryl groups and the rest may be alkyl groups or cycloalkyl groups.
- one of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, and the remaining two of R 201 to R 203 may combine to form a ring structure, in which an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, It may contain an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group.
- the group formed by bonding two of R 201 to R 203 includes, for example, one or more methylene groups substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group and/or a carbonyl group. alkylene groups (eg, butylene group, pentylene group, and —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —).
- Arylsulfonium cations include, for example, triarylsulfonium cations, diarylalkylsulfonium cations, aryldialkylsulfonium cations, diarylcycloalkylsulfonium cations, and aryldicycloalkylsulfonium cations.
- the aryl group contained in the arylsulfonium cation is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like. Heterocyclic structures include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene residues.
- the arylsulfonium cation has two or more aryl groups, the two or more aryl groups may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group optionally possessed by the arylsulfonium cation is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or 3 to 15 carbon atoms. is preferred, and a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group or cyclohexyl group is more preferred.
- the substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 may have are each independently an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (eg, carbon 3 to 15), aryl groups (eg, 6 to 14 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), cycloalkylalkoxy groups (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms (eg, fluorine and iodine), hydroxyl, carboxy, ester, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, alkylthio and phenylthio groups are preferred.
- alkyl group eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- a cycloalkyl group eg, carbon 3 to 15
- aryl groups eg, 6 to 14 carbon atoms
- alkoxy groups eg, 1 to 15 carbon
- the substituent may further have a substituent, and the alkyl group preferably has a halogen atom as a substituent to form a halogenated alkyl group such as a trifluoromethyl group.
- the above substituents form an acid-decomposable group by any combination.
- the acid-decomposable group is intended to be a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to generate a polar group, and preferably has a structure in which the polar group is protected by a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- the polar group and leaving group are as described above.
- Cation (ZaI-2) is a cation in which R 201 to R 203 in formula (ZaI) each independently represents an organic group having no aromatic ring.
- Aromatic rings also include aromatic rings containing heteroatoms.
- the organic group having no aromatic ring as R 201 to R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 201 to R 203 are each independently preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group or a vinyl group, and a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group, 2-oxocycloalkyl group or alkoxy
- a carbonylmethyl group is more preferred, and a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group is even more preferred.
- the alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups of R 201 to R 203 are, for example, linear alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, , butyl group, and pentyl group), and cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and norbornyl group).
- R 201 to R 203 may be further substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (eg, 1-5 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group. It is also preferred that the substituents of R 201 to R 203 each independently form an acid-decomposable group by any combination of substituents.
- the cation (ZaI-3b) is a cation represented by the following formula (ZaI-3b).
- R 1c to R 5c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, a cycloalkylcarbonyloxy group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group , represents a nitro group, an alkylthio group, or an arylthio group.
- R 6c and R 7c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (eg, t-butyl group), a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or an aryl group.
- R x and R y each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a 2-oxoalkyl group, a 2-oxocycloalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an allyl group, or a vinyl group. It is also preferred that the substituents of R 1c to R 7c , R x and R y independently form an acid-decomposable group by any combination of substituents.
- R 1c to R 5c , R 5c and R 6c , R 6c and R 7c , R 5c and R x , and R x and R y may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the rings may each independently contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a ketone group, an ester bond, or an amide bond.
- Examples of the ring include aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings, aromatic or non-aromatic hetero rings, and polycyclic condensed rings in which two or more of these rings are combined.
- the ring includes a 3- to 10-membered ring, preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- Examples of groups formed by bonding two or more of R 1c to R 5c , R 6c and R 7c , and R x and R y include alkylene groups such as a butylene group and a pentylene group. A methylene group in this alkylene group may be substituted with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom.
- the group formed by combining R 5c and R 6c and R 5c and R x is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Alkylene groups include methylene and ethylene groups.
- R 1c to R 5c , R 6c , R 7c , R x , R y , and two or more of R 1c to R 5c , R 5c and R 6c , R 6c and R 7c , R 5c and R x , and the ring formed by combining each other with R x and R y may have a substituent.
- the cation (ZaI-4b) is a cation represented by the following formula (ZaI-4b).
- a halogen atom e.g., fluorine atom, iodine atom, etc.
- R 14 is a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine atom, iodine atom, etc.), an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a cycloalkylsulfonyl group, or a cycloalkyl represents a group containing a group (either a cycloalkyl group itself or a group partially containing a cycloalkyl group). These groups may have a substituent. When two or more R 14 are present, each independently represents the above group such as a hydroxyl group.
- a halogen atom e.g., fluorine atom, iodine atom, etc.
- Each R 15 independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a naphthyl group. Two R 15 may be joined together to form a ring. When two R 15 are combined to form a ring, the ring skeleton may contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom. In one aspect, two R 15 are alkylene groups, preferably joined together to form a ring structure. The ring formed by combining the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the naphthyl group, and the two R 15 groups may have a substituent.
- the alkyl groups of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1-10.
- the alkyl group is more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group, or the like. It is also preferred that the substituents of R 13 to R 15 , R x and R y each independently form an acid-decomposable group by any combination of substituents.
- R 204 and R 205 each independently represent an organic group, preferably an aryl group, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group for R 204 and R 205 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group for R 204 and R 205 may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic ring having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like.
- Skeletons of heterocyclic aryl groups include, for example, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 and R 205 are linear alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or a pentyl group), or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a norbornyl group).
- the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 and R 205 may each independently have a substituent.
- substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 and R 205 may have include an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (eg, 3 to 15), aryl groups (eg, 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and phenylthio groups. It is also preferred that the substituents of R 204 and R 205 each independently form an acid-decomposable group by any combination of substituents.
- X ⁇ represents an organic anion.
- the organic anion is not particularly limited, and includes organic anions having a valence of 1, 2 or more.
- an anion having a significantly low ability to cause a nucleophilic reaction is preferred, and a non-nucleophilic anion is more preferred.
- non-nucleophilic anions examples include sulfonate anions (aliphatic sulfonate anions, aromatic sulfonate anions, camphorsulfonate anions, etc.), carboxylate anions (aliphatic carboxylate anions, aromatic carboxylate anions, , and aralkylcarboxylate anions), sulfonylimide anions, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide anions, and tris(alkylsulfonyl)methide anions.
- the aliphatic moiety in the aliphatic sulfonate anion and the aliphatic carboxylate anion may be a linear or branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and may be a straight chain having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Alternatively, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is preferred.
- the alkyl group may be, for example, a fluoroalkyl group (which may have a substituent other than a fluorine atom, or may be a perfluoroalkyl group).
- the aryl group in the aromatic sulfonate anion and the aromatic carboxylate anion is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and aryl group listed above may have a substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, but specifically includes a nitro group, a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group (preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 14 carbon atoms), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 7 carbon atoms), Acyl group (preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms), alkoxycarbonyloxy group (preferably with 2 to 7 carbon atoms), alkylthio group (preferably with 1 to 15 carbon atoms), alkylsulfonyl group (preferably with 1 to 15 carbon atoms)
- aralkyl group in the aralkylcarboxylate anion an aralkyl group having 7 to 14 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Aralkyl groups having 7 to 14 carbon atoms include, for example, benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl and naphthylbutyl groups.
- Sulfonylimide anions include, for example, saccharin anions.
- alkyl group in the bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide anion and the tris(alkylsulfonyl)methide anion an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- substituents of these alkyl groups include halogen atoms, halogen-substituted alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, alkyloxysulfonyl groups, aryloxysulfonyl groups, and cycloalkylaryloxysulfonyl groups.
- a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom is preferred.
- the alkyl groups in the bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide anion may combine with each other to form a ring structure. This increases the acid strength.
- non-nucleophilic anions include, for example, phosphorous fluorides (eg, PF 6 ⁇ ), boron fluorides (eg, BF 4 ⁇ ), and antimony fluorides (eg, SbF 6 ⁇ ).
- non-nucleophilic anions include aliphatic sulfonate anions in which at least the ⁇ -position of sulfonic acid is substituted with fluorine atoms, aromatic sulfonate anions in which fluorine atoms or groups having fluorine atoms are substituted, and alkyl groups in which fluorine atoms are present.
- a bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide anion substituted with or a tris(alkylsulfonyl)methide anion in which an alkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom is preferable.
- perfluoroaliphatic sulfonate anions preferably having 4 to 8 carbon atoms
- benzenesulfonate anions having a fluorine atom are more preferable, nonafluorobutanesulfonate anions, perfluorooctanesulfonate anions, pentafluoro A benzenesulfonate anion or a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonate anion is more preferred.
- non-nucleophilic anions include anions represented by the following formula (AN4).
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent an organic group or a hydrogen atom.
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- divalent linking groups include -O-CO-O-, -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, alkylene groups ( preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylene group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and a divalent linking group combining a plurality of these.
- the divalent linking group includes -O-CO-O-, -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, -SO 2 -, and -O-CO-O-alkylene group- , -COO-alkylene group-, or -CONH-alkylene group- is preferred, and -O-CO-O-, -O-CO-O-alkylene group-, -COO-, -CONH-, -SO 2 - , or -COO-alkylene group- is more preferred.
- L is preferably, for example, a group represented by the following formula (AN4-2). * a - (CR 2a 2 ) X - Q- (CR 2b 2 ) Y - * b (AN4-2)
- * a represents the bonding position with R3 in formula ( AN4).
- * b represents the bonding position with —C(R 1 )(R 2 )— in formula (AN4).
- X and Y each independently represent an integer of 0-10, preferably an integer of 0-3.
- R 2a and R 2b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. When multiple R 2a and R 2b are present, the multiple R 2a and R 2b may be the same or different. However, when Y is 1 or more, R 2b in CR 2b 2 directly bonded to —C(R 1 )(R 2 )— in formula (AN4) is other than a fluorine atom.
- Q is * A -O-CO-O-* B , * A -CO-* B , * A -CO-O-* B , * A -O-CO-* B , * A -O-* B , * A -S-* B or * A - SO2-* B .
- Q is * A -O-CO- O-* B , * A -CO-* B , * A -O-CO-* B , * A -O-* B , * A -S-* B , or * A - SO2-* B show.
- * A represents the bonding position on the R 3 side in formula (AN4)
- * B represents the bonding position on the —SO 3 — side in formula (AN4).
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent an organic group.
- the above organic group is not limited as long as it has 1 or more carbon atoms. It may be a branched chain alkyl group) or a cyclic group.
- the organic group may or may not have a substituent.
- the organic group may or may not have a heteroatom (oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and/or nitrogen atom, etc.). Examples of the above organic groups also include substituents that are not electron-withdrawing groups.
- substituents that are not electron-withdrawing groups include hydrocarbon groups, hydroxyl groups, oxyhydrocarbon groups, oxycarbonyl hydrocarbon groups, amino groups, hydrocarbon-substituted amino groups, and hydrocarbon-substituted amide groups. be done.
- substituents that are not electron-withdrawing groups independently include -R', -OH, -OR', -OCOR', -NH 2 , -NR' 2 , -NHR', or -NHCOR ' is preferred.
- R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group represented by R' include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl; alkenyl groups such as ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl; ethynyl monovalent linear or branched hydrocarbon groups such as alkynyl groups such as groups, propynyl groups, and butynyl groups; cyclopropyl groups, cyclobutyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, norbornyl groups, and adamantyl groups Cycloalkyl group; monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as cycloalkenyl group such as cyclopropenyl group, cyclobutenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, and norbornenyl group; phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, mesityl group, naphthyl group, methyl aryl groups such as
- R 3 is preferably an organic group having a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and may have a substituent.
- the ring in the organic group containing a cyclic structure is preferably directly bonded to L in formula (AN4).
- the organic group having a cyclic structure may or may not have a heteroatom (oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and/or nitrogen atom, etc.), for example. Heteroatoms may replace one or more of the carbon atoms that form the ring structure.
- the organic group having a cyclic structure is preferably, for example, a hydrocarbon group having a cyclic structure, a lactone ring group, or a sultone ring group.
- the organic group having a cyclic structure is preferably a hydrocarbon group having a cyclic structure.
- the above hydrocarbon group having a cyclic structure is preferably a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group. These groups may have a substituent.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic (such as cyclohexyl group) or polycyclic (such as adamantyl group), and preferably has 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the lactone group and sultone group include structures represented by the above formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21) and structures represented by formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3). , preferably a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a ring member atom constituting a lactone structure or a sultone structure.
- an anion represented by the following formula (AN1) is also preferable.
- o represents an integer of 1-3.
- p represents an integer from 0 to 10;
- q represents an integer from 0 to 10;
- Xf represents a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- the organic group may be an organic group substituted with at least one fluorine atom, or may be an organic group having no fluorine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in the organic group (preferably alkyl group) is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-4.
- As the organic group (preferably alkyl group) substituted with at least one fluorine atom a perfluoroalkyl group is preferred.
- At least one Xf is preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or CF 3 , and even more preferably both Xf's are fluorine atoms.
- R4 and R5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom. When multiple R 4 and R 5 are present, each of R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different.
- the alkyl groups represented by R 4 and R 5 preferably have 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The above alkyl group may have a substituent. Hydrogen atoms are preferred as R 4 and R 5 .
- Specific examples and preferred aspects of the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom are the same as the specific examples and preferred aspects of Xf in formula (AN1).
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- divalent linking groups include -O-CO-O-, -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, alkylene groups ( preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylene group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and a divalent linking group combining a plurality of these.
- the divalent linking group includes -O-CO-O-, -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, -SO 2 -, and -O-CO-O-alkylene group- , -COO-alkylene group-, or -CONH-alkylene group- is preferred, and -O-CO-O-, -O-CO-O-alkylene group-, -COO-, -CONH-, -SO 2 - , or -COO-alkylene group- is more preferred.
- W represents an organic group containing a cyclic structure.
- a cyclic organic group is preferable.
- Cyclic organic groups include, for example, alicyclic groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups.
- the alicyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Monocyclic alicyclic groups include, for example, monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- the polycyclic alicyclic group includes, for example, a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as an adamantyl group.
- alicyclic groups having a bulky structure with 7 or more carbon atoms such as norbornyl, tricyclodecanyl, tetracyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecanyl, and adamantyl groups, are preferred.
- Aryl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the aryl group include phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, and anthryl group.
- a heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Especially, when it is a polycyclic heterocyclic group, diffusion of acid can be further suppressed. Moreover, the heterocyclic group may or may not have aromaticity. Heterocyclic rings having aromaticity include, for example, furan ring, thiophene ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, dibenzofuran ring, dibenzothiophene ring, and pyridine ring.
- Non-aromatic heterocycles include, for example, a tetrahydropyran ring, a lactone ring, a sultone ring, and a decahydroisoquinoline ring.
- the heterocyclic ring in the heterocyclic group is preferably a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, or a decahydroisoquinoline ring.
- the cyclic organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include alkyl groups (either linear or branched, preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms), cycloalkyl groups (monocyclic, polycyclic, and spirocyclic). any group, preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms), aryl group (preferably having 6 to 14 carbon atoms), hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, ester group, amide group, urethane group, ureido group, thioether group, sulfonamide and sulfonate ester groups.
- carbonyl carbon may be sufficient as carbon (carbon which contributes to ring formation) which comprises a cyclic
- two or more substituents may bond together to form a ring.
- two alkoxy groups, or a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group may combine to form a ring having a cyclic acetal structure.
- This ring may have a substituent.
- substituents include alkyl groups (1 to 4 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups (1 to 4 carbon atoms), carboxyl groups, and alkoxycarbonyl groups (2 to 6 carbon atoms).
- Examples of anions represented by formula (AN1) include SO 3 ⁇ —CF 2 —CH 2 —OCO-(L) q′ —W, SO 3 ⁇ —CF 2 —CHF—CH 2 —OCO-(L) q ' -W, SO 3 - -CF 2 -COO-(L) q' -W, SO 3 - -CF 2 -CF 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -(L) q -W, or SO 3 - - CF 2 —CH(CF 3 )—OCO—(L) q′ —W is preferred.
- L, q and W are the same as in formula (AN1).
- q' represents an integer from 0 to 10;
- AN1 As the anion represented by the formula (AN1), the following aspects (AN2) and (AN3) are also preferred.
- Preferred aspects of q, L, and W are the same as described above.
- Two Xf's bonded to the carbon atom Z1 are preferably hydrogen atoms. At least one of the two Xf's bonded to the carbon atom Z2 is preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-containing organic group, more preferably both are a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-containing organic group, and both are fluorine An alkyl group substituted with is more preferred.
- one of the two Xf's each independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom; It represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having no fluorine atom.
- Preferred embodiments of o, p, q, R 4 , R 5 , L and W are the same as those described above.
- the non-nucleophilic anion may be a benzenesulfonate anion, preferably a benzenesulfonate anion substituted with a branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group.
- an aromatic sulfonate anion represented by the following formula (AN5) is also preferred.
- Ar represents an aryl group (such as a phenyl group), and may further have a substituent other than the sulfonate anion and -(D-B) group.
- substituents which may be further included include, for example, a fluorine atom and a hydroxyl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 or more. n is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 2 to 3, and still more preferably 3.
- D represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Divalent linking groups include ether groups, thioether groups, carbonyl groups, sulfoxide groups, sulfone groups, sulfonate ester groups, ester groups, and groups consisting of combinations of two or more thereof.
- B represents a hydrocarbon group
- B is an aliphatic hydrocarbon structure.
- B is more preferably an isopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl group (such as a tricyclohexylphenyl group).
- B may further have a substituent represented by "-(L) q -W".
- L, q and W have the same meanings as L, q and W in formula (AN1) above, and specific examples and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Disulfonamide anions are also preferred as non-nucleophilic anions.
- a disulfonamide anion is, for example, an anion represented by N ⁇ (SO 2 —R q ) 2 .
- R q represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, preferably a fluoroalkyl group, more preferably a perfluoroalkyl group.
- Two R q may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the group formed by bonding two R q together is preferably an optionally substituted alkylene group, preferably a fluoroalkylene group, more preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
- the alkylene group preferably has 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Non-nucleophilic anions also include anions represented by the following formulas (d1-1) to (d1-4).
- R 51 represents a hydrocarbon group (eg, an aryl group such as a phenyl group) optionally having a substituent (eg, hydroxyl group).
- Z 2c represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (provided that the carbon atom adjacent to S is not substituted with a fluorine atom).
- the above hydrocarbon group for Z 2c may be linear or branched, and may have a cyclic structure.
- the carbon atom in the hydrocarbon group (preferably the carbon atom that is a ring member atom when the hydrocarbon group has a cyclic structure) may be carbonyl carbon (--CO-).
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group include a group having an optionally substituted norbornyl group.
- a carbon atom forming the norbornyl group may be a carbonyl carbon.
- Z 2c —SO 3 ⁇ in formula (d1-2) is preferably different from the anion represented by formula (AN4), (AN1) or (AN5) above.
- Z 2c is preferably other than an aryl group.
- atoms at the ⁇ - and ⁇ -positions with respect to —SO 3 — in Z 2c are preferably atoms other than carbon atoms having a fluorine atom as a substituent.
- the ⁇ -position atom and/or the ⁇ -position atom with respect to —SO 3 — is preferably a ring member atom in a cyclic group.
- R 52 represents an organic group (preferably a hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom)
- Y 3 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group, an arylene group, or represents a carbonyl group
- Rf represents a hydrocarbon group
- R 53 to R 54 each represent an organic group (preferably a hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom). R 53 to R 54 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the organic anions may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition contains two or more compounds (B), or that the compound (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following compound (I) and the following compound (II). .
- Compound (B) is also preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of compound (I) and compound (II) below.
- Compound (I) is a compound having one or more structural moieties X shown below and one or more structural moieties Y shown below, wherein the first acidic It is a compound that generates an acid containing a site and a second acidic site described below derived from the structural site Y described below.
- Structural site X Structural site consisting of an anionic site A 1 ⁇ and a cation site M 1 + and forming a first acidic site represented by HA 1 upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation
- Structural site Y anionic site A structural moiety consisting of A 2 ⁇ and a cation site M 2 + and forming a second acidic site represented by HA 2 upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation: a cation site M 1 + and a cation site M 2 + each independently represents an organic cation, and specific examples and preferred ranges are the same as those of the organic cation represented by M + above.
- the compound (I) satisfies the following condition I.
- Condition I A compound PI obtained by replacing the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X and the cation site M 2 + in the structural site Y in the compound (I) with H + in the structural site X and the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic site represented by HA 1 obtained by replacing the cation site M 1 + with H + , and replacing the cation site M 2 + in the structural site Y with H + It has an acid dissociation constant a2 derived from the acidic site represented by HA2, and the acid dissociation constant a2 is greater than the acid dissociation constant a1.
- compound PI corresponds to "a compound having HA 1 and HA 2 ".
- the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 of the compound PI are such that when the acid dissociation constant of the compound PI is determined, the compound PI has "A 1 - and HA 2 is the acid dissociation constant a1, and the pKa when the above "compound having A 1 - and HA 2 " becomes "the compound having A 1 - and A 2 - " is the acid dissociation constant. constant a2.
- compound (I) is, for example, a compound that generates an acid having two first acidic sites derived from the structural site X and one second acidic site derived from the structural site Y.
- compound PI is a "compound with two HA 1 and one HA 2 ".
- the acid dissociation constant when the "compound having A 1 - , one HA 1 and one HA 2 " becomes “the compound having two A 1 - and one HA 2 " is the acid dissociation constant a1 correspond to Also, the acid dissociation constant when "a compound having two A 1 - and one HA 2 -" becomes "a compound having two A 1 - and A 2 - " corresponds to the acid dissociation constant a2.
- the acid dissociation constant when the compound PI becomes "a compound having one A 1 - , one HA 1 and one HA 2 " is aa, and "one A 1 - and one HA 1 and 1
- the relationship between aa and ab satisfies aa ⁇ ab, where ab is the acid dissociation constant when a compound having two HA2's becomes a compound having two A1- and one HA2. .
- the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 are determined by the method for measuring the acid dissociation constant described above.
- the above compound PI corresponds to an acid generated when compound (I) is irradiated with actinic rays or radiation.
- the structural moieties X may be the same or different.
- Two or more of A 1 ⁇ and two or more of M 1 + may be the same or different.
- a 1 ⁇ and A 2 ⁇ , and M 1 + and M 2 + may be the same or different, but A 1 ⁇ and A 2 ⁇ may be the same or different.
- Each A 2 - is preferably different.
- the difference (absolute value) between the acid dissociation constant a1 (the maximum value when there are multiple acid dissociation constants a1) and the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably 0.1 or more, and preferably 0.5 or more. More preferably, 1.0 or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit of the difference (absolute value) between the acid dissociation constant a1 (the maximum value if there are a plurality of acid dissociation constants a1) and the acid dissociation constant a2 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 16 or less.
- the acid dissociation constant a2 is, for example, 20 or less, preferably 15 or less.
- the lower limit of the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably -4.0 or more.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 0 or less.
- the lower limit of the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably ⁇ 20.0 or more.
- the anion site A 1 - and the anion site A 2 - are structural sites containing negatively charged atoms or atomic groups, for example, formulas (AA-1) to (AA-3) and formula (BB -1) to (BB-6).
- the anion site A 1 - is preferably one capable of forming an acidic site with a small acid dissociation constant, and more preferably one of the formulas (AA-1) to (AA-3). AA-1) and (AA-3) are more preferred.
- the anion site A 2 - is preferably one capable of forming an acidic site having a larger acid dissociation constant than the anion site A 1 - , and is represented by any one of formulas (BB-1) to (BB-6). is more preferred, and either formula (BB-1) or (BB-4) is even more preferred.
- * represents a bonding position.
- compound (I) is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, compounds represented by formulas (Ia-1) to (Ia-5) described below.
- the compound represented by formula (Ia-1) generates an acid represented by HA 11 -L 1 -A 12 H upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation.
- M 11 + and M 12 + each independently represent an organic cation.
- a 11 - and A 12 - each independently represent a monovalent anionic functional group.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group.
- M 11 + and M 12 + may be the same or different.
- a 11 - and A 12 - may be the same or different, but are preferably different.
- the acid dissociation constant a2 derived from the acidic site represented by HA11 is greater than the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic site represented by HA11.
- the preferred values of the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 are as described above. Also, the acid generated from compound PIa and the compound represented by formula (Ia-1) upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation is the same. At least one of M 11 + , M 12 + , A 11 ⁇ , A 12 ⁇ , and L 1 may have an acid-decomposable group as a substituent.
- the monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 11 - intends a monovalent group containing the above-described anion site A 1 - .
- the monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 12 - intends a monovalent group containing the above-mentioned anion site A 2 - .
- the monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 11 - and A 12 - include any of the above formulas (AA-1) to (AA-3) and formulas (BB-1) to (BB-6). It is preferably a monovalent anionic functional group containing an anion site, selected from the group consisting of formulas (AX-1) to (AX-3) and formulas (BX-1) to (BX-7) is more preferably a monovalent anionic functional group.
- monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 11 - monovalent anionic functional groups represented by any one of formulas (AX-1) to (AX-3) are preferred. preferable.
- monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 12 - a monovalent anionic functional group represented by any one of formulas (BX-1) to (BX-7) is preferable.
- a monovalent anionic functional group represented by any one of the formulas (BX-1) to (BX-6) is more preferable.
- R A1 and R A2 each independently represent a monovalent organic group. * represents a binding position.
- Monovalent organic groups represented by R A1 include a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a methanesulfonyl group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by RA2 is preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or aryl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1-15, more preferably 1-10, even more preferably 1-6.
- the above alkyl group may have a substituent.
- the substituent is preferably a fluorine atom or a cyano group, more preferably a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group has a fluorine atom as a substituent, it may be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- the substituent is preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group (for example, preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), or a cyano group, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group, or a cyano group.
- Fluoroalkyl groups are more preferred.
- R 2 B represents a monovalent organic group.
- * represents a binding position.
- the monovalent organic group represented by RB is preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or aryl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1-15, more preferably 1-10, even more preferably 1-6.
- the above alkyl group may have a substituent. Although the substituent is not particularly limited, the substituent is preferably a fluorine atom or a cyano group, more preferably a fluorine atom. When the alkyl group has a fluorine atom as a substituent, it may be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the carbon atom that is the bonding position in the alkyl group (for example, in the case of formulas (BX-1) and (BX-4), the carbon atom directly bonded to -CO- indicated in the formula in the alkyl group is applicable.
- the carbon atom directly bonded to -SO 2 - specified in the formula in the alkyl group corresponds, and in the case of formula (BX-6),
- the carbon atom directly bonded to N-- in the formula. has a substituent, it is preferably a substituent other than a fluorine atom or a cyano group.
- the carbon atom of the alkyl group may be substituted with carbonyl carbon.
- the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- substituents include a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group (eg, preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a cyano group, an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- an alkoxy group eg, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- an alkoxycarbonyl group eg, 2 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred, and those having 2 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferred.
- the divalent linking group represented by L 1 is not particularly limited, and includes -CO-, -NR-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO-, —SO 2 —, an alkylene group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched), a cycloalkylene group (preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms), ), a divalent aliphatic heterocyclic group (preferably a 5- to 10-membered ring having at least one N atom, O atom, S atom, or Se atom in the ring structure, more preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, 5 ⁇ 6-membered ring is more preferable.), a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group (at least one N atom, O atom, S atom, or Se atom in the ring structure is preferably a 5- to 10-membered ring, 5- A 7
- the above R includes a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is not particularly limited, for example, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) is preferable.
- the alkylene group, the cycloalkylene group, the alkenylene group, the divalent aliphatic heterocyclic group, the divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, and the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group have a substituent. You may have Substituents include, for example, halogen atoms (preferably fluorine atoms).
- the divalent linking group represented by L1 is preferably a divalent linking group represented by formula (L1).
- L 111 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group represented by L 111 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, —CO—, —NH—, —O—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, or have a substituent.
- Alkylene group preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched
- optionally substituted cycloalkylene group preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms
- substituted An aryl group preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- a divalent linking group combining a plurality of these groups may be mentioned.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include halogen atoms.
- Each Xf 1 independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in this alkyl group is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-4.
- a perfluoroalkyl group is preferable as the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- Each Xf2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally having a fluorine atom as a substituent, or a fluorine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in this alkyl group is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-4.
- Xf2 preferably represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- Xf 1 and Xf 2 are each independently preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or CF 3 .
- both Xf 1 and Xf 2 are more preferably fluorine atoms.
- * represents a binding position.
- a 21a - and A 21b - each independently represent a monovalent anionic functional group.
- the monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 21a - and A 21b - are meant to be monovalent groups containing the above-described anionic site A 1 - .
- the monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 21a - and A 21b - are not particularly limited.
- Anionic functional groups are included.
- a 22 - represents a divalent anionic functional group.
- the divalent anionic functional group represented by A 22 - intends a divalent group containing the above-described anion site A 2 - .
- Examples of the divalent anionic functional group represented by A 22 - include divalent anionic functional groups represented by formulas (BX-8) to (BX-11) shown below.
- M 21a + , M 21b + , and M 22 + each independently represent an organic cation.
- the organic cations represented by M 21a + , M 21b + , and M 22 + are synonymous with M 1 + described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L21 and L22 each independently represent a divalent organic group.
- the site-derived acid dissociation constant a2 is greater than the acid dissociation constant a1-1 derived from A 21a H and the acid dissociation constant a1-2 derived from the acidic site represented by A 21b H.
- the acid dissociation constant a1-1 and the acid dissociation constant a1-2 correspond to the acid dissociation constant a1 described above.
- a 21a - and A 21b - may be the same or different.
- M 21a + , M 21b + , and M 22 + may be the same or different.
- At least one of M 21a + , M 21b + , M 22 + , A 21a ⁇ , A 21b ⁇ , L 21 and L 22 may have an acid-decomposable group as a substituent.
- a 31a - and A 32 - each independently represent a monovalent anionic functional group.
- the definition of the monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 31a - is synonymous with A 21a - and A 21b - in formula (Ia-2) described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- the monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 32 - intends a monovalent group containing the above-mentioned anion site A 2 - .
- the monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 32 - is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a monovalent anionic functional group selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (BX-1) to (BX-7). is mentioned.
- a 31b - represents a divalent anionic functional group.
- the divalent anionic functional group represented by A 31b - intends a divalent group containing the above-mentioned anionic site A 1 - .
- Examples of the divalent anionic functional group represented by A 31b - include a divalent anionic functional group represented by formula (AX-4) shown below.
- M 31a + , M 31b + , and M 32 + each independently represent a monovalent organic cation.
- the organic cations represented by M 31a + , M 31b + , and M 32 + are synonymous with M 1 + described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L 31 and L 32 each independently represent a divalent organic group.
- an acidic compound represented by A 32 H The acid dissociation constant a2 derived from the site is greater than the acid dissociation constant a1-3 derived from the acidic site represented by A 31a H and the acid dissociation constant a1-4 derived from the acidic site represented by A 31b H. .
- the acid dissociation constant a1-3 and the acid dissociation constant a1-4 correspond to the acid dissociation constant a1 described above.
- a 31a - and A 32 - may be the same or different.
- M 31a + , M 31b + , and M 32 + may be the same or different. At least one of M 31a + , M 31b + , M 32 + , A 31a ⁇ , A 32 ⁇ , L 31 and L 32 may have an acid-decomposable group as a substituent.
- a 41a ⁇ , A 41b ⁇ , and A 42 ⁇ each independently represent a monovalent anionic functional group.
- the definitions of the monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 41a - and A 41b - are the same as those of A 21a - and A 21b - in formula (Ia-2) described above.
- the definition of the monovalent anionic functional group represented by A 42 - is the same as that of A 32 - in formula (Ia-3) described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- M 41a + , M 41b + , and M 42 + each independently represent an organic cation.
- L41 represents a trivalent organic group.
- an acidic compound represented by A 42 H The acid dissociation constant a2 derived from the site is greater than the acid dissociation constant a1-5 derived from the acidic site represented by A 41a H and the acid dissociation constant a1-6 derived from the acidic site represented by A 41b H. .
- the acid dissociation constant a1-5 and the acid dissociation constant a1-6 correspond to the acid dissociation constant a1 described above.
- a 41a ⁇ , A 41b ⁇ , and A 42 ⁇ may be the same or different.
- M 41a + , M 41b + , and M 42 + may be the same or different. At least one of M 41a + , M 41b + , M 42 + , A 41a ⁇ , A 41b ⁇ , A 42 ⁇ , and L 41 may have an acid-decomposable group as a substituent.
- the divalent organic groups represented by L 21 and L 22 in formula (Ia-2) and L 31 and L 32 in formula (Ia-3) are not particularly limited, for example, —CO— , —NR—, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, an alkylene group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched), a cycloalkylene group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), alkenylene groups (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), divalent aliphatic heterocyclic groups (at least one N atom, O atom, S atom, or Se atom in the ring structure 5 A to 10-membered ring is preferred, a 5- to 7-membered ring is more preferred, and a 5- to 6-membered ring is even more preferred.), a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group (at least one N atom, O atom, S atom, or Se A 5- to 10-membered ring having an atom in the
- the above R includes a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is not particularly limited, for example, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) is preferable.
- the alkylene group, the cycloalkylene group, the alkenylene group, the divalent aliphatic heterocyclic group, the divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, and the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group have a substituent. You may have Substituents include, for example, halogen atoms (preferably fluorine atoms).
- Examples of divalent organic groups represented by L 21 and L 22 in formula (Ia-2) and L 31 and L 32 in formula (Ia-3) are represented by the following formula (L2): It is also preferred that it is a divalent organic group that
- q represents an integer of 1-3. * represents a binding position.
- Each Xf independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in this alkyl group is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-4.
- a perfluoroalkyl group is preferable as the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- Xf is preferably a fluorine atom or a C 1-4 perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a fluorine atom or CF 3 . In particular, it is more preferable that both Xf are fluorine atoms.
- LA represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group represented by L A is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include -CO-, -O-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, alkylene groups (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, straight-chain may be in the form of a branched chain), a cycloalkylene group (preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms), a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group (preferably a 6- to 10-membered ring, more preferably a 6-membered ring), and Divalent linking groups in which a plurality of these are combined are included.
- the alkylene group, the cycloalkylene group, and the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group may have a substituent. Substituents include, for example, halogen atoms (preferably fluorine atoms).
- Examples of the divalent organic group represented by formula (L2) include *-CF 2 -*, *-CF 2 -CF 2 -*, *-CF 2 -CF 2 -CF 2 - * , *- Ph-O - SO2 - CF2- *, *-Ph - O-SO2 - CF2 - CF2-*, *-Ph-O-SO2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2-*, and , *—Ph—OCO—CF 2 —*.
- Ph is an optionally substituted phenylene group, preferably a 1,4-phenylene group.
- an alkyl group eg, preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- an alkoxy group eg, preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 1 carbon atoms, 6 is more preferable
- an alkoxycarbonyl group eg, preferably having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- L 31 and L 32 in formula (Ia-3) represent a divalent organic group represented by formula (L2)
- the bond (*) on the L A side in formula (L2) is Bonding with A 31a - and A 32 - in formula (Ia-3) is preferred.
- a 51a ⁇ , A 51b ⁇ , and A 51c ⁇ each independently represent a monovalent anionic functional group.
- the monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 51a ⁇ , A 51b ⁇ , and A 51c ⁇ are intended to be monovalent groups containing the above-described anion site A 1 ⁇ .
- the monovalent anionic functional groups represented by A 51a ⁇ , A 51b ⁇ , and A 51c ⁇ are not particularly limited, but are, for example, the group consisting of the above formulas (AX-1) to (AX-3) A selected monovalent anionic functional group can be mentioned.
- a 52a - and A 52b - represent divalent anionic functional groups.
- the divalent anionic functional groups represented by A 52a - and A 52b - are intended to be divalent groups containing the above-described anion site A 2 - .
- the divalent anionic functional group represented by A 22 - includes, for example, divalent anionic functional groups selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (BX-8) to (BX-11).
- M 51a + , M 51b + , M 51c + , M 52a + , and M 52b + each independently represent an organic cation.
- the organic cations represented by M 51a + , M 51b + , M 51c + , M 52a + , and M 52b + are synonymous with M 1 + described above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L51 and L53 each independently represent a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic groups represented by L 51 and L 53 have the same meanings as L 21 and L 22 in formula (Ia-2) above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L52 represents a trivalent organic group.
- the trivalent organic group represented by L 52 has the same definition as L 41 in formula (Ia-4) above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- the acid dissociation constant a2-1 derived from the acidic site represented by A 52a H and the acid dissociation constant a2-2 derived from the acidic site represented by A 52b H are the acid dissociation constant a1- derived from A 51a H. 1, greater than the acid dissociation constant a1-2 derived from the acidic site represented by A 51b H and the acid dissociation constant a1-3 derived from the acidic site represented by A 51c H.
- the acid dissociation constants a1-1 to a1-3 correspond to the acid dissociation constant a1 described above, and the acid dissociation constants a2-1 and a2-2 correspond to the acid dissociation constant a2 described above.
- a 51a ⁇ , A 51b ⁇ , and A 51c ⁇ may be the same or different.
- a 52a - and A 52b - may be the same or different.
- M 51a + , M 51b + , M 51c + , M 52a + , and M 52b + may be the same or different.
- At least one of M 51b + , M 51c + , M 52a + , M 52b + , A 51a ⁇ , A 51b ⁇ , A 51c ⁇ , L 51 , L 52 and L 53 is an acid-decomposable group as a substituent. may have a sexual group.
- Compound (II) is a compound having two or more of the above structural moieties X and one or more of the following structural moieties Z, wherein the first acidic It is an acid-generating compound containing two or more sites and an acid-generating compound containing the structural site Z described above.
- Structural site Z nonionic site capable of neutralizing acid
- the preferred range of the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic site represented by is the same as the acid dissociation constant a1 in the above compound PI.
- the compound (II) is a compound that generates an acid having two of the first acidic sites derived from the structural site X and the structural site Z
- the compound PII is "two HA 1 It corresponds to "a compound having When the acid dissociation constant of this compound PII is determined, the acid dissociation constant when the compound PII is "a compound having one A 1 - and one HA 1 " and "one A 1 - and one HA
- the acid dissociation constant when the "compound having 1 " becomes "the compound having two A 1 - " corresponds to the acid dissociation constant a1.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 is obtained by the method for measuring the acid dissociation constant described above.
- the above compound PII corresponds to an acid generated when compound (II) is irradiated with actinic rays or radiation.
- the two or more structural sites X may be the same or different.
- Two or more of A 1 ⁇ and two or more of M 1 + may be the same or different.
- the nonionic site capable of neutralizing the acid in the structural site Z is not particularly limited.
- a site containing a group capable of electrostatically interacting with protons or a functional group having electrons is preferred.
- a group capable of electrostatically interacting with protons or a functional group having electrons is a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as a cyclic polyether, or a lone pair of electrons that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation.
- a functional group having a nitrogen atom is included.
- a nitrogen atom having a lone pair of electrons that does not contribute to ⁇ -conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure represented by the following formula.
- Partial structures of functional groups having electrons or groups capable of electrostatically interacting with protons include, for example, a crown ether structure, an azacrown ether structure, a primary to tertiary amine structure, a pyridine structure, an imidazole structure, and a pyrazine structure. Among them, primary to tertiary amine structures are preferred.
- the compound (II) is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, compounds represented by the following formulas (IIa-1) and (IIa-2).
- a 61a - and A 61b - have the same meanings as A 11 - in formula (Ia-1) above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- M 61a + and M 61b + have the same meanings as M 11 + in formula (Ia-1) described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L 61 and L 62 have the same definitions as L 1 in formula (Ia-1) above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- R 2X represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 2X is not particularly limited. - may be substituted with one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, may be linear or branched), a cycloalkyl group (preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms), or an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms).
- the alkylene group, the cycloalkylene group, and the alkenylene group may have a substituent. Examples of substituents include, but are not particularly limited to, halogen atoms (preferably fluorine atoms).
- the acid derived from the acidic site represented by A 61a H The dissociation constant a1-7 and the acid dissociation constant a1-8 derived from the acidic site represented by A 61b H correspond to the acid dissociation constant a1 described above.
- the compound PIIa-1 obtained by replacing the cation sites M 61a + and M 61b + in the structural site X in the structural site X in the compound (IIa-1) with H + is HA 61a -L 61 -N(R 2X ) -L 62 -A 61b H.
- compound PIIa-1 is the same as the acid generated from the compound represented by formula (IIa-1) upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation.
- At least one of M 61a + , M 61b + , A 61a ⁇ , A 61b ⁇ , L 61 , L 62 and R 2X may have an acid-decomposable group as a substituent.
- a 71a ⁇ , A 71b ⁇ , and A 71c ⁇ have the same meanings as A 11 ⁇ in formula (Ia-1) above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- M 71a + , M 71b + , and M 71c + have the same meanings as M 11 + in formula (Ia-1) above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L 71 , L 72 , and L 73 have the same meanings as L 1 in formula (Ia-1) above, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- a compound PIIa-2 obtained by replacing the cation sites M 71a + , M 71b + , and M 71c + in the structural site X of the compound (IIa-1) with H + is HA 71a -L 71 -N(L 73 -A 71c H) -L 72 -A 71b H.
- compound PIIa-2 is the same as the acid generated from the compound represented by formula (IIa-2) upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation.
- At least one of M 71a + , M 71b + , M 71c + , A 71a ⁇ , A 71b ⁇ , A 71c ⁇ , L 71 , L 72 and L 73 has an acid-decomposable group as a substituent. You may have
- paragraphs [0135] to [0171] of WO 2018/193954, paragraphs [0077] to [0116] of WO 2020/066824, paragraphs [0116] of WO 2017/154345, [0018] to [0075] and [0334] to [0335] are also preferably used.
- the content of the compound (B) in the resist composition is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1% by mass or more relative to the total solid content of the resist composition in that the cross-sectional shape of the formed pattern becomes more rectangular. , more preferably 5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the content of compound (B) is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, and even more preferably 60% by mass or less, relative to the total solid content of the resist composition.
- Compound (B) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the compound (B) may also be the following compound (X).
- Compound (X) is a salt containing a cation (specific cation) represented by the following formula (X).
- Ar 2 X represents an aryl group substituted with a group containing a halogen atom.
- An aryl group represented by Ar x may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the aryl group may be a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like.
- the heterocycle include pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, indole ring, benzofuran ring, and benzothiophene ring.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aryl group (the number of carbon atoms in Ar 1 X ) is preferably 6-20, more preferably 6-15, even more preferably 6-10.
- a group containing a halogen atom means a group containing a halogen atom itself and a halogen atom as part of a substituent.
- the halogen atom includes, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, preferably a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- Groups containing halogen atoms include, for example, halogen atoms, halogenated alkyl groups, halogenated alkoxy groups, and halogenated aryl groups.
- the number of halogen atoms possessed by the aryl group is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-15, even more preferably 1-10.
- the number of groups containing halogen atoms in the aryl group is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, even more preferably 1 to 3.
- the aryl group may be substituted with a halogen-free group in addition to the halogen-containing group.
- the group not containing a halogen atom is preferably an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an alkoxy group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or an alkoxy group. (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) is more preferred.
- the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- R X11 to R X16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group. At least one of R X11 to R X12 is preferably a hydrocarbon group. R X13 to R X16 preferably represent hydrogen atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and aryl groups, with alkyl groups being preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, and even more preferably 1-5.
- R 1 X11 and R 1 X12 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, and R 11 and at least one of R 13 to R 1 X16 , or R 1 X12 and at least one of R 13 to R 1 X16 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- n and m each independently represent an integer of 1 or more.
- n and m are preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, even more preferably 1 to 3, and particularly preferably 2.
- n and m preferably represent the same integer.
- n represents an integer of 2 or more
- two or more R X13 and two or more R X14 may be the same or different.
- m represents an integer of 2 or more
- two or more R X15 and two or more R X16 may be the same or different.
- LX represents a divalent linking group.
- divalent linking groups include -CO-, -NR A -, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -N(SO 2 -R A )-, alkylene groups, A cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, and a divalent linking group obtained by combining a plurality of these groups can be mentioned, and a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom is preferred.
- the divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom include -CO-, -O-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -N(SO 2 -R A )-, and combinations of these A divalent linking group is mentioned.
- RA includes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom is preferably -O-, -CO- or -N(SO 2 -R A )-, more preferably -O- or -CO-.
- a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom means an oxygen atom itself and a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom as part of the divalent linking group.
- the number of oxygen atoms possessed by the divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom is preferably 1-3, more preferably 1-2, and still more preferably 1.
- a cation represented by formula (X-1) is preferable as the specific cation.
- X 1 represents a group containing a halogen atom.
- X 1 has the same definition as the halogen atom-containing group of Ar x in the above formula (X), and the preferred range is also the same.
- Y 1 represents a group containing no halogen atom.
- the group not containing a halogen atom is preferably an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an alkoxy group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or an alkoxy group. more preferred.
- a halogen atom-free group means a group that does not contain a halogen atom as part of the substituent. That is, Y 1 represents a group other than the halogen atom-containing group represented by X 1 .
- a represents an integer of 1-5
- b represents an integer of 0-4, and a+b is 1-5.
- 1 to 4 are preferable for a. 1 to 4 are preferable for b.
- R X20 to R X29 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.
- R X20 to R X21 have the same meanings as R X11 to R X12 in formula (X) described above, and the preferred ranges are also the same.
- the hydrocarbon groups represented by R X22 to R X29 may be linear, branched or cyclic. Examples of hydrocarbon groups represented by R X22 to R X29 include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups and aryl groups, with alkyl groups being preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon groups represented by R X22 to R X29 is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, even more preferably 1-5.
- R 1 X20 and R 1 X21 may combine with each other to form a ring, and R 20 and at least one of R 1 X22 to R 1 X25 , or R 1 X21 and at least one of R 1 X26 to R 1 X29 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- One type of specific cation may be used alone, or two or more types may be used.
- the molecular weight of compound (X) is preferably from 100 to 10,000, more preferably from 100 to 2,500, even more preferably from 100 to 1,500.
- the preferred range for the content of compound (X) is the same as the preferred range for the content of compound (B) described above.
- Compound (X) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more are used, the total content is preferably within the range of the preferred content.
- the resist composition may contain an acid diffusion control agent.
- the acid diffusion control agent traps the acid generated from the photoacid generator or the like during exposure, and acts as a quencher that suppresses the reaction of the acid-decomposable resin in the unexposed area due to excess generated acid.
- Acid diffusion control agents include, for example, basic compounds (CA), low-molecular-weight compounds (CB) having nitrogen atoms and groups that leave under the action of acids, and acid diffusion controllability upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation. is reduced or eliminated (CC), and the like.
- Examples of the compound (CC) include an onium salt compound (CD) that becomes a relatively weak acid with respect to the photoacid generator, and a basic compound (CE) whose basicity is reduced or lost by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation. mentioned.
- the acid diffusion control agent a known acid diffusion control agent can be appropriately used. For example, paragraphs [0627]-[0664] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1, paragraphs [0095]-[0187] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0004544A1, paragraph [0403] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0237190A1. ] to [0423], and paragraphs [0259] to [0328] of US Patent Application Publication No.
- 2016/0274458A1 can be suitably used as the acid diffusion control agent.
- specific examples of the basic compound (CA) include those described in paragraphs [0132] to [0136] of International Publication No. 2020/066824, and basicity is obtained by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation.
- Specific examples of the basic compound (CD) that decreases or disappears include those described in paragraphs [0137] to [0155] of WO 2020/066824, having a nitrogen atom, and by the action of an acid
- Specific examples of the low-molecular compound (CB) having a leaving group include those described in paragraphs [0156] to [0163] of WO2020/066824, and onium having a nitrogen atom in the cation moiety.
- Specific examples of salt compounds (CE) include those described in paragraph [0164] of WO2020/066824.
- specific examples of the onium salt compound (CD) that is relatively weak acid to the photoacid generator include paragraphs [0305] to [0314] of International Publication No. 2020/158337, International Publication No. 2020/158467. No. paragraphs [0455] to [0464], paragraphs [0298] to [0307] of WO 2020/158366, and paragraphs [0357] to [0366] of WO 2020/158417. be done
- the content of the acid diffusion control agent (the total if multiple types are present) is 0.1 to 15.0 mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition. %, more preferably 1.0 to 15.0% by mass.
- the acid diffusion controller may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition may further contain a resin different from the resin (A).
- a resin different from resin (A) is also referred to as “resin (D)”.
- Resin (D) is preferably a hydrophobic resin.
- the hydrophobic resin is preferably designed to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film. may not contribute to The effects of adding a hydrophobic resin include control of the static and dynamic contact angles of the resist film surface with respect to water, and suppression of outgassing.
- the hydrophobic resin preferably has one or more of a fluorine atom, a silicon atom, and a CH3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion of the resin. It is more preferable to have at least Moreover, the hydrophobic resin preferably has a hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms. These groups may be present in the main chain of the resin or may be substituted on the side chain. Hydrophobic resins include compounds described in paragraphs [0275] to [0279] of WO2020/004306.
- the content of the resin (D) is preferably 0.01 to 20.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the resist composition. 0% by mass is more preferred.
- the resist composition may contain a surfactant.
- a surfactant is contained, the adhesion is better and a pattern with fewer development defects can be formed.
- the surfactant is preferably a fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactant. Fluoro- and/or silicon-based surfactants include surfactants disclosed in paragraphs [0218] and [0219] of WO2018/19395.
- One type of these surfactants may be used alone, or two or more types may be used.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.0001 to 2.0% by mass, and 0.0005 to 1.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. is more preferred, and 0.1 to 1.0% by mass is even more preferred.
- the resist composition contains a dissolution inhibiting compound, a dye, a plasticizer, a photosensitizer, a light absorber, and/or a compound that promotes solubility in a developer (for example, a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, or a carboxy group alicyclic or aliphatic compounds containing) may further be included.
- a dissolution inhibiting compound for example, a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, or a carboxy group alicyclic or aliphatic compounds containing
- the resist composition may further contain a dissolution inhibiting compound.
- dissolution inhibiting compound as used herein means a compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less, which is decomposed by the action of an acid to reduce its solubility in an organic developer.
- the resist composition is suitably used as an EB photosensitive composition or an EUV photosensitive composition.
- EUV has a wavelength of 13.5 nm, which is shorter than ArF (wavelength 193 nm) light and the like, so the number of incident photons is smaller when exposed with the same sensitivity. Therefore, the effect of "photon shot noise", in which the number of photons stochastically varies, is large, leading to deterioration of LER and bridge defects.
- photon shot noise there is a method of increasing the number of incident photons by increasing the amount of exposure, but this is a trade-off with the demand for higher sensitivity.
- A ([H] x 0.04 + [C] x 1.0 + [N] x 2.1 + [O] x 3.6 + [F] x 5.6 + [S] x 1.5 + [I] ⁇ 39.5) / ([H] ⁇ 1 + [C] ⁇ 12 + [N] ⁇ 14 + [O] ⁇ 16 + [F] ⁇ 19 + [S] ⁇ 32 + [I] ⁇ 127)
- the A value is preferably 0.120 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, if the A value is too large, the EUV and electron beam transmittance of the resist film will decrease, the optical image profile in the resist film will deteriorate, and as a result, it will be difficult to obtain a good pattern shape.
- [H] represents the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [C] represents the molar ratio of carbon atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [N] is the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin
- [O] is the total atoms of the total solid content in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [F] represents the molar ratio of fluorine atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin
- [S] represents the molar ratio of sulfur atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [I] is the actinic ray-sensitive represents the molar ratio of iodine atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content in the curable or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the resist composition contains a resin whose polarity increases under the action of acid (acid-decomposable resin), a photoacid generator, an acid diffusion controller, and a solvent, the resin, the photoacid generator, and the acid A diffusion control agent corresponds to solid content.
- the total atoms of the total solid content correspond to the sum of all atoms derived from the resin, all atoms derived from the photoacid generator, and all atoms derived from the acid diffusion control agent.
- [H] represents the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content.
- Hydrogen atoms derived from the resin, hydrogen atoms derived from the photo-acid generator, and hydrogen derived from the acid diffusion control agent with respect to the sum of all atoms derived from the acid generator and all atoms derived from the acid diffusion control agent It will represent the total molar ratio of the atoms.
- the A value can be calculated by calculating the contained atomic ratio when the structure and content of the constituent components of the total solid content in the resist composition are known. Further, even if the constituent components are unknown, the constituent atomic number ratio can be calculated by analytical methods such as elemental analysis for the resist film obtained by evaporating the solvent component of the resist composition. .
- the method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention comprises a step of adding a solution of resin (A) to a poor solvent containing organic solvent (Y) to cause precipitation of resin (A). (Hereinafter, this step is also referred to as “step (X)”.) is preferably included.
- the resin (A) can be purified by performing the step (X).
- a monomer used to synthesize resin (A) has a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
- a poor solvent containing an organic solvent is used to cause precipitation of resin (A), separate it from residual monomers, and purify resin (A).
- the poor solvent may consist of the organic solvent (Y) alone, or may consist of the organic solvent (Y) and another solvent.
- the number of organic solvents (Y) contained in the poor solvent may be one, or two or more.
- the ClogP value of the organic solvent (Y) is preferably 1.4 or more.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film of the present invention is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film formed from the aforementioned actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film is typically a resist film.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention comprises A step of forming an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention (also referred to as “step (1)”); a step of exposing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film (also referred to as “step (2)”); and a step of developing the exposed actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using a developer to form a pattern (also referred to as “step (3)”).
- an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film (also referred to as a "resist film") is formed using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (resist composition) of the present invention. It is a process of forming.
- the resist composition used in step (1) preferably contains an acid-decomposable resin and a photoacid generator.
- Step (1) is typically a step of forming a resist film on a substrate using a resist composition.
- a method of forming a resist film on a substrate using a resist composition includes, for example, a method of coating the substrate with the resist composition.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the filter is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon.
- the resist composition can be applied onto substrates such as those used in the manufacture of integrated circuit devices (eg, silicon, silicon dioxide coatings) by a suitable coating method such as a spinner or coater.
- the coating method is preferably spin coating using a spinner.
- the number of rotations for spin coating using a spinner is preferably 1000 to 3000 rpm (rotations per minute).
- the substrate may be dried to form a resist film. If necessary, various base films (inorganic film, organic film, antireflection film) may be formed under the resist film.
- Heating can be carried out by a means provided in a normal exposure machine and/or a developing machine, and may be carried out using a hot plate or the like.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150°C, more preferably 80 to 140°C, even more preferably 80 to 130°C.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 60 to 800 seconds, even more preferably 60 to 600 seconds.
- the film thickness of the resist film is not particularly limited, it is preferably 10 to 120 nm from the viewpoint of forming fine patterns with higher precision.
- the film thickness of the resist film is more preferably 10 to 65 nm, and even more preferably 15 to 50 nm.
- the film thickness of the resist film is more preferably 10 to 120 nm, still more preferably 15 to 90 nm.
- a topcoat composition may be used to form a topcoat on the upper layer of the resist film. It is preferable that the topcoat composition does not mix with the resist film and can be uniformly coated on the upper layer of the resist film.
- the topcoat is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known topcoat can be formed by a conventionally known method. can be formed. For example, it is preferable to form a top coat containing a basic compound as described in JP-A-2013-61648 on the resist film. Specific examples of basic compounds that the topcoat may contain include basic compounds that the resist composition may contain.
- the topcoat preferably contains a compound containing at least one group or bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, a thioether bond, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a carbonyl bond, and an ester bond.
- Step (2) is a step of exposing the resist film.
- the exposure method include a method of irradiating the formed resist film with actinic rays or radiation through a predetermined mask.
- Actinic rays or radiation include infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, far ultraviolet light, extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, and electron beams, preferably actinic rays or radiation with a wavelength of 250 nm or less, and electron beams. , more preferably actinic rays, radiation, or electron beams with a wavelength of 220 nm or less, and particularly preferably actinic rays, radiation, or electron beams with a wavelength of 1 to 200 nm.
- actinic rays or radiation include KrF excimer laser (248 nm), ArF excimer laser (193 nm), F2 excimer laser ( 157 nm), EUV (13 nm), X-rays, and electron beams.
- baking is preferably performed before development. Baking accelerates the reaction of the exposed area, resulting in better sensitivity and pattern shape.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150°C, more preferably 80 to 140°C, even more preferably 80 to 130°C.
- the heating time is preferably 10 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 10 to 180 seconds, even more preferably 30 to 120 seconds. Heating can be carried out by a means provided in a normal exposing machine and/or developing machine, and may be carried out using a hot plate or the like. This step is also called a post-exposure bake.
- Step (3) is a step of developing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film (resist film) exposed in step (2) using a developer to form a pattern.
- the developer may be an alkaline developer or a developer containing an organic solvent (also referred to as an "organic developer").
- Examples of the development method include a method in which the substrate is immersed in a tank filled with a developer for a certain period of time (dip method), and a method in which the developer is piled up on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and remains stationary for a certain period of time for development (paddle method). ), a method of spraying the developer onto the surface of the substrate (spray method), and a method of continuously ejecting the developer while scanning the developer ejection nozzle at a constant speed onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic dispensing method). is mentioned. Further, after the step of developing, a step of stopping development may be performed while replacing the solvent with another solvent.
- the development time is not particularly limited as long as the resin in the unexposed area is sufficiently dissolved, and is preferably 10 to 300 seconds, more preferably 20 to 120 seconds.
- the temperature of the developer is preferably 0 to 50°C, more preferably 15 to 35°C.
- alkaline aqueous solution containing alkali is not particularly limited, for example, quaternary ammonium salts represented by tetramethylammonium hydroxide, inorganic alkalis, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, alcohol amines, or cyclic amines. and an alkaline aqueous solution containing Among them, the alkaline developer is preferably an aqueous solution of a quaternary ammonium salt represented by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Suitable amounts of alcohols, surfactants and the like may be added to the alkaline developer.
- the alkali concentration of the alkali developer is usually 0.1 to 20 mass %. Further, the pH of the alkaline developer is usually 10.0 to 15.0.
- the organic developer is a developer containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, ether solvents, and hydrocarbon solvents. It is preferable to have
- a plurality of the above solvents may be mixed, or may be mixed with a solvent other than the above or water.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 50% by mass, more preferably less than 20% by mass, even more preferably less than 10% by mass, and particularly preferably substantially free of water.
- the content of the organic solvent in the organic developer is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass with respect to the total amount of the developer. The following are more preferable, and 95% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less are particularly preferable.
- the pattern forming method preferably includes a step of washing with a rinsing liquid after step (3).
- Pure water is an example of the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the step of developing with an alkaline developer.
- An appropriate amount of surfactant may be added to pure water.
- An appropriate amount of surfactant may be added to the rinse solution.
- the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the development step using the organic developer is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the pattern, and a solution containing a general organic solvent can be used.
- the rinse liquid contains at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, ester-based solvents, alcohol-based solvents, amide-based solvents, and ether-based solvents. is preferred.
- the method of the rinsing step is not particularly limited. For example, a method of continuously discharging the rinsing liquid onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotation coating method), or a method of immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinsing liquid for a certain period of time. a method (dip method) and a method of spraying a rinse liquid onto the substrate surface (spray method).
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include a heating step (Post Bake) after the rinsing step. In this step, the developing solution and the rinse solution remaining between the patterns and inside the patterns due to baking are removed. In addition, this process smoothes the resist pattern, and has the effect of improving the roughness of the surface of the pattern.
- the heating step after the rinsing step is usually carried out at 40 to 250° C. (preferably 90 to 200° C.) for 10 seconds to 3 minutes (preferably 30 seconds to 120 seconds).
- the substrate may be etched using the formed pattern as a mask. That is, the pattern formed in step (3) may be used as a mask to process the substrate (or the underlying film and substrate) to form a pattern on the substrate.
- the method for processing the substrate (or the underlying film and the substrate) is not particularly limited, but the substrate (or the underlying film and the substrate) is dry-etched using the pattern formed in step 3 as a mask.
- a method of forming a pattern is preferred. Dry etching is preferably oxygen plasma etching.
- Resist compositions and other various materials used in the pattern formation method contain impurities such as metals. preferably not.
- the content of impurities contained in these materials is preferably 1 mass ppm (parts per million) or less, more preferably 10 mass ppb (parts per billion) or less, and even more preferably 100 mass ppt (parts per trillion) or less.
- Weight ppt or less is particularly preferred, and weight ppt or less is most preferred.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0 mass ppt or more.
- examples of metal impurities include Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, Al, Li, Cr, Ni, Sn, Ag, As, Au, Ba, Cd, Co, Pb, Ti, V, W, and Zn.
- a method of reducing impurities such as metals contained in various materials for example, a method of selecting a raw material with a low metal content as a raw material constituting various materials, a method of filtering the raw materials constituting various materials with a filter. and a method of performing distillation under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible by, for example, lining the inside of the apparatus with Teflon (registered trademark).
- impurities may be removed with an adsorbent, or filter filtration and adsorbent may be used in combination.
- adsorbent known adsorbents can be used.
- inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon can be used.
- metal impurities such as metals contained in the various materials described above, it is necessary to prevent metal impurities from entering during the manufacturing process. Whether the metal impurities are sufficiently removed from the manufacturing equipment can be confirmed by measuring the content of the metal component contained in the cleaning liquid used for cleaning the manufacturing equipment.
- the content of the metal component contained in the used cleaning liquid is preferably 100 mass ppt or less, more preferably 10 mass ppt or less, and even more preferably 1 mass ppt or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0 mass ppt or more.
- Organic processing liquids such as rinsing liquids should contain conductive compounds to prevent damage to chemical piping and various parts (filters, O-rings, tubes, etc.) due to electrostatic charging and subsequent electrostatic discharge.
- the conductive compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol.
- the amount added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining preferable developing properties or rinsing properties.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.01% by mass or more.
- chemical liquid pipe for example, SUS (stainless steel), antistatic treated polyethylene, polypropylene, or various pipes coated with fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.) can be used.
- Antistatic treated polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.) can also be used for filters and O-rings.
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method described above, and an electronic device manufactured by this manufacturing method.
- a preferred embodiment of the electronic device of the present invention includes a mode in which it is installed in electrical and electronic equipment (household appliances, OA (Office Automation), media-related equipment, optical equipment, communication equipment, etc.).
- the present invention also relates to a resin comprising repeating units having a pentafluorosulfanyl group and repeating units having an acid-labile group.
- This resin may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of repeating units having a lactone group, repeating units having a cyclic carbonate group, and repeating units having a phenolic hydroxyl group. Examples of these resins include those described in [Resin (A)].
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a resin containing a repeating unit having a pentafluorosulfanyl group and a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group.
- the resin is as described above.
- the method for producing the resin of the present invention includes the step of adding the resin solution to a poor solvent containing the organic solvent (Y) to cause precipitation of the resin.
- the organic solvent (Y) is as described above.
- the ClogP value of the organic solvent (Y) is preferably 1.4 or more.
- Resin (A) Resins A-1 to A-71 were used as the resin (A). Further, resins RA-1 to RA-3 were used as resins of comparative examples. Tables 2 to 4 show the content (mol %), weight average molecular weight (Mw), and degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) of each repeating unit contained in each resin. The content of repeating units is the ratio (molar ratio) of each repeating unit to all repeating units contained in each resin. Each repeating unit is indicated by the structure of the corresponding monomer.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) of the resin were measured by GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) (in terms of polystyrene).
- the content of repeating units was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- F-1 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)
- F-2 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
- F-3 Propylene glycol monoethyl ether (PGEE)
- F-4 cyclohexanone
- F-5 cyclopentanone
- F-6 2-heptanone
- F-7 ethyl lactate
- F-8 ⁇ -butyrolactone
- F-9 propylene carbonate
- H-1 Megafac F176 (manufactured by DIC Corporation, fluorine-based surfactant)
- H-2 Megafac R08 (manufactured by DIC Corporation, fluorine- and silicon-based surfactant)
- H-3 PF656 (manufactured by OMNOVA, fluorine-based surfactant)
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw: converted to polystyrene) determined from GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) of the obtained resin A-1 was 6500, and the degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) was 1.60.
- the molar ratio of repeating units measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) was 30/20/50.
- Examples 1-1 to 1-71, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3> [Pattern formation] [EUV exposure, organic solvent development] An underlayer film forming composition AL412 (manufactured by Brewer Science) was applied onto a silicon wafer with a diameter of 12 inches and baked at 205° C. for 60 seconds to form an underlayer film with a thickness of 20 nm. A resist composition shown in Tables 9 and 10 was applied thereon and baked at 100° C. for 60 seconds to form a resist film having a thickness of 30 nm.
- a pattern obtained for a silicon wafer having a resist film obtained using an EUV exposure apparatus (Exitech, Micro Exposure Tool, NA 0.3, Quadrupol, outer sigma 0.68, inner sigma 0.36)
- the pattern irradiation was carried out so that the average line width of was 18 nm.
- As the reticle a mask having a line size of 18 nm and a line:space ratio of 1:1 was used.
- the exposed resist film was baked at 90° C. for 60 seconds, developed with n-butyl acetate for 30 seconds, and spin-dried to obtain a negative pattern.
- Examples 2-1 to 2-71, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3> [EUV exposure, alkaline aqueous solution development]
- An underlayer film forming composition AL412 (manufactured by Brewer Science) was applied onto a silicon wafer with a diameter of 12 inches and baked at 205° C. for 60 seconds to form an underlayer film with a thickness of 20 nm.
- a resist composition shown in Tables 11 and 12 was applied thereon and baked at 100° C. for 60 seconds to form a resist film having a thickness of 30 nm.
- a pattern obtained for a silicon wafer having a resist film obtained using an EUV exposure apparatus (Exitech, Micro Exposure Tool, NA 0.3, Quadrupol, outer sigma 0.68, inner sigma 0.36)
- the pattern irradiation was carried out so that the average line width of was 18 nm.
- As the reticle a mask having a line size of 18 nm and a line:space ratio of 1:1 was used.
- the exposed resist film was baked at 90° C. for 60 seconds, developed with a tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (2.38 mass %) for 30 seconds, and then rinsed with pure water for 30 seconds. After that, it was spin-dried to obtain a positive pattern. Using the obtained positive pattern, defect suppression and LWR performance were evaluated in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in Tables 11-12.
- an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition with few defects and excellent LWR performance.
- a method for producing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, and a pattern It is possible to provide a forming method, an electronic device manufacturing method, and a resin that can be used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1に記載された感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は解像性とLWR性能に優れるものであるが、欠陥については記載されていない。
特許文献2にはレジスト組成物に関する記載は一切ない。
ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)及び溶剤を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔2〕
活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物を含有する、〔1〕に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔3〕
上記樹脂(A)が、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔4〕
上記樹脂(A)が、ラクトン基、及び環状カーボネート基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する繰り返し単位を含む、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔5〕
上記樹脂(A)が、フェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位を含む、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔6〕
上記樹脂(A)が、下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含む、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
Xa1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3のうち2つが結合して環を形成してもよい。
〔7〕
上記樹脂(A)が、下記一般式(2)、(3)及び(4)のいずれかで表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位を含む、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Xaはハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。Xaが複数存在する場合、複数のXaは同一であっても異なってもよい。
m1は1以上、(5+2k)以下の整数を表す。
m2は0以上、(5+2k-m1)以下の整数を表す。
kは0以上の整数を表す。
*はそれぞれ一般式(2)中に記載されている芳香族炭化水素に結合する結合手を表す。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
W1はラクトン構造を有する基を表す。
m3は1以上の整数を表す。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Rx4及びRx5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は有機基を表す。
Rx4及びRx5が結合して環を形成してもよい。
〔8〕
上記樹脂(A)に加えて、更に、上記樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂を含有する、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔9〕
上記樹脂(A)の含有量が、上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の全固形分に対して、10.0質量%以上である、〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
〔10〕
上記樹脂(A)の溶液を、有機溶剤(Y)を含む貧溶媒に添加して上記樹脂(A)の沈殿を生じさせる工程を含む、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法。
〔11〕
上記有機溶剤(Y)のClogP値が1.4以上である、〔10〕に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法。
〔12〕
〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜。
〔13〕
〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれか1つに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を形成する工程と、
上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を露光する工程と、
現像液を用いて、上記露光された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程と、を有するパターン形成方法。
〔14〕
〔13〕に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
〔15〕
ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位、及び酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む樹脂。
〔16〕
ラクトン基を有する繰り返し単位、環状カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位、及びフェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、〔15〕に記載の樹脂。
〔17〕
上記樹脂の溶液を、有機溶剤(Y)を含む貧溶媒に添加して上記樹脂の沈殿を生じさせる工程を含む、〔15〕又は〔16〕に記載の樹脂の製造方法。
〔18〕
上記有機溶剤(Y)のClogP値が1.4以上である、〔17〕に記載の樹脂の製造方法。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされる場合があるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されない。
置換基としては、特に断らない限り、1価の置換基が好ましい。
置換基Tとしては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子等のハロゲン原子;メトキシ基、エトキシ基及びtert-ブトキシ基等のアルコキシ基;フェノキシ基及びp-トリルオキシ基等のアリールオキシ基;メトキシカルボニル基、ブトキシカルボニル基及びフェノキシカルボニル基等のアルコキシカルボニル基;アセトキシ基、プロピオニルオキシ基及びベンゾイルオキシ基等のアシルオキシ基;アセチル基、ベンゾイル基、イソブチリル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基及びメトキサリル基等のアシル基;メチルスルファニル基及びtert-ブチルスルファニル基等のアルキルスルファニル基;フェニルスルファニル基及びp-トリルスルファニル基等のアリールスルファニル基;アルキル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ヘテロアリール基;水酸基;カルボキシ基;ホルミル基;スルホ基;シアノ基;アルキルアミノカルボニル基;アリールアミノカルボニル基;スルホンアミド基;シリル基;アミノ基;モノアルキルアミノ基;ジアルキルアミノ基;アリールアミノ基、ニトロ基;ホルミル基;並びにこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
本明細書中において、「光」とは、活性光線又は放射線を意味する。
本明細書中において、「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線、X線、及び、EUV等による露光のみならず、電子線、及び、イオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も含む。
本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、及び、分散度(以下「分子量分布」ともいう。)(Mw/Mn)は、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)装置(東ソー社製HLC-8120GPC)によるGPC測定(溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン、流量(サンプル注入量):10μL、カラム:東ソー社製TSK gel Multipore HXL-M、カラム温度:40℃、流速:1.0mL/分、検出器:示差屈折率検出器(Refractive Index Detector))によるポリスチレン換算値として定義される。
ソフトウェアパッケージ1: Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V8.14 for Solaris (1994-2007 ACD/Labs)。
また、本明細書中において、pKaは、上述した通り「水溶液中でのpKa」を指すが、水溶液中でのpKaが算出できない場合には、「ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)溶液中でのpKa」を採用するものとする。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)(単に、「樹脂(A)」とも呼ぶ。)及び溶剤を含有する。
レジスト組成物は、ポジ型のレジスト組成物であってもよいし、ネガ型のレジスト組成物であってもよい。また、レジスト組成物は、アルカリ現像用のレジスト組成物であってもよいし、有機溶剤現像用のレジスト組成物であってもよい。
レジスト組成物は、化学増幅型のレジスト組成物であることが好ましい。
嵩高く特異的な立体配置を有するペンタフルオロスルファニル基がレジスト膜中において、酸の拡散を効果的に抑制できるため、LWR性能に優れると推定している。また、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基のEB及びEUVの吸収が高く、レジスト膜のフォトン吸収効率が高まったこともLWR性能の向上一因と推定している。
ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)を用いることで、レジスト膜の未露光部と露光部の現像液に対する溶解コントラストが大きくなったため、欠陥の発生が抑制されると推定している。溶解コントラスト向上のメカニズムについては下記のように推定している。
アルカリ現像の場合の推定メカニズム:
ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)はアルカリ現像液に非常に溶けにくいため未露光部の溶解性は低い。一方で、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基は露光によって生じた酸基のアルカリ現像液溶解性を高める(理由は明確にはなっていないが、おそらく露光で生じた酸基とペンタフルオロスルファニル基が何らかの相互作用をしていると推定している)。結果として未露光部と露光部の溶解コントラストが大きくなる。
有機溶剤現像の場合の推定メカニズム:
ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)は有機溶剤現像液に非常に溶けやすいため未露光部の溶解性は高い。一方で、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基は露光によって生じた酸基の有機溶剤現像液溶解性を低下させる(理由は明確にはなっていないが、おそらく露光で生じた酸基とペンタフルオロスルファニル基が何らかの相互作用をしていると推定している)。結果として未露光部と露光部の溶解コントラストが大きくなる。
レジスト組成物は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基(-SF5)を有する樹脂(A)を含む。
樹脂(A)は、典型的には重合体であり、分子量1000以上の重合体であることが好ましい。樹脂(A)は、オリゴマーであっても、ポリマーであってもよい。
樹脂(A)は、少なくとも1つのペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有していれば、構造は特に限定されない。
樹脂(A)は、例えば、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位、及び酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む樹脂であってもよいし、更に、ラクトン基を有する繰り返し単位、環状カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位、及びフェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む樹脂であってもよい。また、樹脂(A)は、これら以外の樹脂であってもよい。
樹脂(A)は、酸分解性基(酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基)を含むことが好ましく、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含むことがより好ましい。
樹脂(A)が酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む場合、樹脂(A)は酸分解性樹脂である。
酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
酸分解性基は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造を有することが好ましい。つまり、樹脂(A)は、酸の作用により分解し、極性基を生じる基を有する繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。この繰り返し単位を有する樹脂は、酸の作用により極性が増大してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大し、有機溶剤に対する溶解度が減少する。
上記極性基としては、アルカリ可溶性基が好ましく、例えば、カルボキシ基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、スルホンアミド基、スルホニルイミド基、(アルキルスルホニル)(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、(アルキルスルホニル)(アルキルカルボニル)イミド基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)イミド基、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)メチレン基、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド基、トリス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、及びトリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチレン基等の酸性基、並びにアルコール性水酸基が挙げられる。
上記極性基としては、カルボキシ基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)、又はスルホン酸基が好ましい。
式(Y1):-C(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y2):-C(=O)OC(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y3):-C(R36)(R37)(OR38)
式(Y4):-C(Rn)(H)(Ar)
なかでも、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表すことが好ましく、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状のアルキル基を表すことがより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、環(単環であってもよいし多環であってもよい。)を形成してもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、並びにノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子、硫黄原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のアリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基が挙げられる。
Rx1~Rx3のアルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成される環としては、シクロアルキル基が好ましい。Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、若しくは、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又はノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、若しくは、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
式(Y1)又は式(Y2)で表される基は、例えば、Rx1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、Rx2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
レジスト組成物が、例えば、EUV露光用レジスト組成物である場合、Rx1~Rx3で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、及び、Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成される環は、更に、置換基として、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有しているのも好ましい。
なお、上記アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基には、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子及び/又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基が含まれていてもよい。例えば、上記アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つ以上が、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子及び/又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基で置き換わっていてもよい。
また、R38は、繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基と互いに結合して、環を形成してもよい。R38と繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基とが互いに結合して形成する基は、メチレン基等のアルキレン基が好ましい。
レジスト組成物が、例えば、EUV露光用レジスト組成物である場合、R36~R38で表される1価の有機基、及び、R37とR38とが互いに結合して形成される環は、更に、置換基として、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有しているのも好ましい。
Mは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Qは、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアリール基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、又はこれらを組み合わせた基(例えば、アルキル基とシクロアルキル基とを組み合わせた基)を表す。
アルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基で置き換わっていてもよい。
なお、L1及びL2のうち一方は水素原子であり、他方はアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、又はアルキレン基とアリール基とを組み合わせた基であることが好ましい。
Q、M、及びL1の少なくとも2つが結合して環(好ましくは、5員若しくは6員環)を形成してもよい。
パターンの微細化の点では、L2が2級又は3級アルキル基であることが好ましく、3級アルキル基であることがより好ましい。2級アルキル基としては、イソプロピル基、シクロヘキシル基又はノルボルニル基が挙げられ、3級アルキル基としては、tert-ブチル基又はアダマンタン基が挙げられる。これらの態様では、Tg(ガラス転移温度)及び活性化エネルギーが高くなるため、膜強度の担保に加え、かぶりの抑制ができる。
また、レジスト組成物が、例えば、EUV露光用レジスト組成物である場合、Qで表されるヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアリール基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、及びこれらを組み合わせた基において、ヘテロ原子としては、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選択されるヘテロ原子であるのも好ましい。
レジスト組成物が、例えば、EUV露光用レジスト組成物である場合、Arで表される芳香環基、並びに、Rnで表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、及びアリール基は、置換基としてフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子を有しているのも好ましい。
Xa1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。
Tは、単結合、又は2価の連結基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して環を形成してもよい。
Tは、単結合又は-COO-Rt-基であることが好ましく、単結合であることがより好ましい。Tが-COO-Rt-基を表す場合、Rtは、炭素数1~5のアルキレン基が好ましく、-CH2-基、-(CH2)2-基、又は-(CH2)3-基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の炭化水素基は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアリール基であることが好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のアルキル基は、直鎖状であってもよいし、分岐鎖状であってもよい。また、上記アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。上記アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及びt-ブチル基等の炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基は、単環のシクロアルキル基であってもよいし、多環のシクロアルキル基であってもよい。また、上記シクロアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。上記シクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又はノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子、硫黄原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のアリール基は、単環のアリール基であってもよいし、多環のアリール基であってもよい。また、上記アリール基は置換基を有していてもよい。上記アリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基が挙げられる。
Rx1~Rx3のアルケニル基は、直鎖状であってもよいし、分岐鎖状であってもよい。また、上記アルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよい。上記アルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して環を形成する場合、形成される環は単環でもよいし、多環でもよい。形成される環は、シクロアルキル基であることが好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。また、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。なかでも、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子、硫黄原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
Xa1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3のうち2つが結合して環を形成してもよい。
一般式(1)中のRx1~Rx3は、前述の一般式(AI)中のRx1~Rx3と同じ意味を表し、具体例及び好ましい範囲も同様である。
Xa1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して環を形成してもよい。
Ar1は、2価の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。
一般式(AX2)中のRx1~Rx3は、前述の一般式(AI)中のRx1~Rx3と同じ意味を表し、具体例及び好ましい範囲も同様である。
一般式(AX2)中のAr1は、アリーレン基であることが好ましく、炭素数6~20のアリーレン基であることがより好ましく、炭素数6~10のアリーレン基であることが更に好ましく、フェニレン基であることが特に好ましい。Ar1は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基(炭素数1~4)、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基(炭素数1~4)、カルボキシル基、及びアルコキシカルボニル基(炭素数2~6)等が挙げられ、炭素数8以下のものが好ましい。
R61、R62及びR63は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。但し、R62はAr6と結合して環を形成していてもよく、その場合のR62は単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
X6は、単結合、-COO-、又は-CONR64-を表す。R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L6は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
Ar6は、(n+1)価の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、R62と結合して環を形成する場合には(n+2)価の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。
Y2は、n≧2の場合には各々独立に、水素原子又は酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。但し、Y2の少なくとも1つは、酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。
Y2としての酸の作用により脱離する基は、上記式(Y1)~(Y4)で表される基であることが好ましい。
nは、1~4の整数を表す。
上記各基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基(炭素数1~4)、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基(炭素数1~4)、カルボキシル基、及びアルコキシカルボニル基(炭素数2~6)等が挙げられ、炭素数8以下のものが好ましい。
L1は、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい2価の連結基を表す。フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい2価の連結基としては、-CO-、-O-、-S―、-SO-、―SO2-、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基等)、及びこれらの複数が連結した連結基が挙げられる。なかでも、L1としては、-CO-、アリーレン基、又は-アリーレン基-フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有するアルキレン基-が好ましく、-CO-、又は-アリーレン基-フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有するアルキレン基-がより好ましい。
アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基が好ましい。
アルキレン基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキレン基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有するアルキレン基に含まれるフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の合計数は特に制限されないが、2以上が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、3~6が更に好ましい。
アルキル基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有するアルキル基に含まれるフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の合計数は特に制限されないが、1以上が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、ハロゲン原子以外の酸素原子等のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、不飽和結合を含む酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
不飽和結合を含む酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、式(B)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
式(B):
Xbは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基を表す。
Lは、単結合、又は置換基を有してもよい2価の連結基を表す。
Ry1~Ry3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状、分岐鎖状のアルキル基、単環状、多環状のシクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、単環若しくは多環のアリール基を表す。ただし、Ry1~Ry3のうち少なくとも1つはアルケニル基、アルキニル基、単環若しくは多環のシクロアルケニル基、又は、単環若しくは多環のアリール基を表す。
Ry1~Ry3の2つが結合して、単環又は多環(単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基等)を形成してもよい。
Lとしては、-Rt-基、-CO-基、-COO-Rt-CO-基、又は、-Rt-CO-基が好ましい。Rtは、例えば、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基等の置換基を有していてもよい。芳香族基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又はノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のアリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基が挙げられる。
Ry1~Ry3のアルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のアルキニル基としては、エチニル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のシクロアルケニル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基の一部に二重結合を含む構造が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。また、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。なかでも、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基、又はシクロアルケニル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基、-SO2-基、-SO3-基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基、又はそれらの組み合わせで置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基、又はシクロアルケニル基は、シクロアルカン環、又はシクロアルケン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
式(B)で表される繰り返し単位は、例えば、Ry1がメチル基、エチル基、ビニル基、アリル基、アリール基であり、Ry2とRy3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、極性基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
極性基としては、水酸基、シアノ基、カルボキシ基等が挙げられる。
極性基を有する繰り返し単位は、極性基で置換された脂環炭化水素構造を有する繰り返し単位であることが好ましい。また、極性基を有する繰り返し単位は、酸分解性基を有さないことが好ましい。極性基で置換された脂環炭化水素構造における、脂環炭化水素構造としては、アダマンチル基、又はノルボルニル基が好ましい。
極性基を有する繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、極性基を有する繰り返し単位を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)が極性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む場合、その含有量は、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、0.1モル%~40モル%が好ましく、1~30モル%がより好ましい。
例えば、樹脂(A)は、以下のA群からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位、及び/又は以下のB群からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位を含んでいてもよい。
A群:以下の(20)~(29)の繰り返し単位からなる群。
(20)後述する、酸基を有する繰り返し単位
(21)後述する、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位
(22)後述する、ラクトン基、スルトン基、又はカーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位(23)後述する、光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位
(24)後述する、式(V-1)又は下記式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位
(25)後述する、式(A)で表される繰り返し単位
(26)後述する、式(B)で表される繰り返し単位
(27)後述する、式(C)で表される繰り返し単位
(28)後述する、式(D)で表される繰り返し単位
(29)後述する、式(E)で表される繰り返し単位
B群:以下の(30)~(32)の繰り返し単位からなる群。
(30)後述する、ラクトン基、スルトン基、カーボネート基、水酸基、シアノ基、及びアルカリ可溶性基から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の基を有する繰り返し単位
(31)後述する、脂環式炭化水素構造を有し、酸分解性を示さない繰り返し単位
(32)後述する、水酸基及びシアノ基のいずれも有さない、式(III)で表される繰り返し単位
また、レジスト組成物がEUV用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の少なくとも一方を含むことが好ましい。樹脂(A)がフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の両方を含む場合、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の両方を含む1つの繰り返し単位を有していてもよいし、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子を有する繰り返し単位とヨウ素原子を含む繰り返し単位との2種を含んでいてもよい。
また、レジスト組成物がEUV用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)が、芳香族基を有する繰り返し単位を有するのも好ましい。
レジスト組成物がArF用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は上記B群からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
なお、レジスト組成物がArF用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子及び珪素原子のいずれも含まないことが好ましい。
また、レジスト組成物がArF用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は、芳香族基を有さないことが好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、酸基を有する繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
酸基としては、pKaが13以下の酸基が好ましい。上記酸基の酸解離定数は、上記のように、13以下が好ましく、3~13がより好ましく、5~10が更に好ましい。
樹脂(A)が、pKaが13以下の酸基を有する場合、樹脂(A)中における酸基の含有量は特に制限されないが、0.2~6.0mmol/gの場合が多い。なかでも、0.8~6.0mmol/gが好ましく、1.2~5.0mmol/gがより好ましく、1.6~4.0mmol/gが更に好ましい。酸基の含有量が上記範囲内であれば、現像が良好に進行し、形成されるパターン形状に優れ、解像性にも優れる。
酸基としては、例えば、カルボキシ基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)、スルホン酸基、スルホンアミド基、又はイソプロパノール基が好ましい。
また、上記ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基は、フッ素原子の1つ以上(好ましくは1~2つ)が、フッ素原子以外の基(アルコキシカルボニル基等)で置換されてもよい。酸基としては、このように形成された-C(CF3)(OH)-CF2-も好ましい。また、フッ素原子の1つ以上がフッ素原子以外の基に置換されて、-C(CF3)(OH)-CF2-を含む環を形成してもよい。
酸基を有する繰り返し単位は、上述の酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造を有する繰り返し単位、及び後述するラクトン基、スルトン基、又はカーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位とは異なる繰り返し単位であるのが好ましい。
酸基を有する繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
フェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位としては、下記一般式(Y)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
Aは水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又はシアノ基を表す。
Lは、単結合、又は酸素原子を有する2価の連結基を表す。
Rは、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルケニル基、アラルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、アルキルスルホニルオキシ基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基又はアリールオキシカルボニル基を表し、複数個ある場合には同じであっても異なっていてもよい。複数のRを有する場合には、互いに共同して環を形成していてもよい。Rとしては水素原子が好ましい。
aは1~3の整数を表す。
bは0~(5-a)の整数を表す。
樹脂(A)は、酸基を有する繰り返し単位を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、上述した<酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位>及び<酸基を有する繰り返し単位>とは別に、フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。また、ここで言う<フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位>は、後述の<ラクトン基、スルトン基、又はカーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位>、及び<光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位>等の、A群に属する他の種類の繰り返し単位とは異なるのが好ましい。
フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
R9は、水素原子、又はフッ素原子、臭素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアルキル基を表す。
R10は、水素原子、フッ素原子、臭素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子、臭素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、フッ素原子、臭素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアリール基、又はこれらを組み合わせた基を表す。
樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
なお、上述したように、フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位には、<酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位>及び<酸基を有する繰り返し単位>は含まれないことから、上記フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位の含有量も、<酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位>及び<酸基を有する繰り返し単位>を除いたフッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位の含有量を意図する。
なお、フッ素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子の少なくとも1つを含む繰り返し単位としては、例えば、フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有し、かつ、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位、フッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有し、かつ、酸基を有する繰り返し単位、及びフッ素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、ラクトン基、スルトン基、カーボネート基、水酸基、シアノ基、及びアルカリ可溶性基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の基を有する繰り返し単位を含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、ラクトン基、及び環状カーボネート基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
まず、ラクトン基、スルトン基、及びカーボネート基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する繰り返し単位(以下、総称して「ラクトン基、スルトン基、又はカーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位」ともいう。)について説明する。
ラクトン基、スルトン基、又はカーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位は、水酸基、及びヘキサフルオロプロパノール基等の酸基を有さないのも好ましい。
ラクトン基、スルトン基、カーボネート基、水酸基、シアノ基、及びアルカリ可溶性基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の基を有する繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、下記式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造、又は下記式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のいずれかで表されるスルトン構造の環員原子から、水素原子を1つ以上引き抜いてなるラクトン基又はスルトン基を有する繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
また、ラクトン基又はスルトン基が主鎖に直接結合していてもよい。例えば、ラクトン基又はスルトン基の環員原子が、樹脂(A)の主鎖を構成してもよい。
Rb0のアルキル基が有していてもよい好ましい置換基としては、水酸基、及びハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
Rb0のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられる。Rb0は、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Abは、単結合、アルキレン基、単環又は多環の脂環式炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシ基、又はこれらを組み合わせた2価の基を表す。なかでも、単結合、又は-Ab1-CO2-で表される連結基が好ましい。Ab1は、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、又は単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキレン基であり、メチレン基、エチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、アダマンチレン基、又はノルボルニレン基が好ましい。
Vは、式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造の環員原子から水素原子を1つ引き抜いてなる基、又は式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のいずれかで表されるスルトン構造の環員原子から水素原子を1つ引き抜いてなる基を表す。
環状炭酸エステル基を有する繰り返し単位としては、下記式(A-1)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
nは0以上の整数を表す。
RA 2は、置換基を表す。nが2以上の場合、複数存在するRA 2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Aは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。上記2価の連結基としては、アルキレン基、単環又は多環の脂環式炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシ基、又はこれらを組み合わせた2価の基が好ましい。
Zは、式中の-O-CO-O-で表される基と共に単環又は多環を形成する原子団を表す。
樹脂(A)は、水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。これにより基板密着性、現像液親和性が向上する。
水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位は、水酸基又はシアノ基で置換された脂環式炭化水素構造を有する繰り返し単位であることが好ましい。
水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位は、酸分解性基を有さないことが好ましい。水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位としては、特開2014-98921号公報の段落[0081]~[0084]に記載のものが挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
アルカリ可溶性基としては、カルボキシ基、スルホンアミド基、スルホニルイミド基、ビスルスルホニルイミド基、α位が電子求引性基で置換された脂肪族アルコール(例えば、ヘキサフロロイソプロパノール基)が挙げられ、カルボキシ基が好ましい。樹脂(A)がアルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位を含むことにより、コンタクトホール用途での解像性が増す。アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、特開2014-98921号公報の段落[0085]及び[0086]に記載のものが挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、ラクトン基、スルトン基、カーボネート基、水酸基、シアノ基、及びアルカリ可溶性基から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の基を有する繰り返し単位を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、上記以外の繰り返し単位として、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する基(以下「光酸発生基」ともいう)を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位としては、例えば、下記式(4)で表される繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位を以下に例示する。
樹脂(A)は、光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位の含有量を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、下記式(V-1)又は下記式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
下記式(V-1)、及び下記式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位は上述の繰り返し単位とは異なる繰り返し単位であるのが好ましい。
式(V-1)又は下記式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有してもよいし、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有しなくてもよい。
R6及びR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、水酸基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アシロキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、ハロゲン原子、エステル基(-OCOR又は-COOR:Rは炭素数1~6のアルキル基又はフッ素化アルキル基)、又はカルボキシ基を表す。アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10の直鎖状、分岐鎖状又は環状のアルキル基が好ましい。
n3は、0~6の整数を表す。
n4は、0~4の整数を表す。
X4は、メチレン基、酸素原子、又は硫黄原子である。
式(V-1)又は(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位を以下に例示する。
式(V-1)又は(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位としては、例えば、国際公開第2018/193954号の段落[0100]に記載された繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、発生酸の過剰な拡散又は現像時のパターン崩壊を抑制できる観点からは、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が高い方が好ましい。Tgは、90℃より大きいことが好ましく、100℃より大きいことがより好ましく、110℃より大きいことが更に好ましく、125℃より大きいことが特に好ましい。なお、過度な高Tg化は現像液への溶解速度低下を招くため、Tgは400℃以下が好ましく、350℃以下がより好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、樹脂(A)等のポリマーのガラス転移温度(Tg)(以下「繰り返し単位のTg」)は、以下の方法で算出する。まず、ポリマー中に含まれる各繰り返し単位のみからなるホモポリマーのTgを、Bicerano法によりそれぞれ算出する。次に、ポリマー中の全繰り返し単位に対する、各繰り返し単位の質量割合(%)を算出する。次に、Foxの式(Materials Letters 62(2008)3152等に記載)を用いて各質量割合におけるTgを算出して、それらを総和して、ポリマーのTg(℃)とする。
Bicerano法は、Prediction of polymer properties, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York(1993)に記載されている。また、Bicerano法によるTgの算出は、ポリマーの物性概算ソフトウェアMDL Polymer(MDL Information Systems, Inc.)を用いて行うことができる。
(a)主鎖への嵩高い置換基の導入
(b)主鎖への複数の置換基の導入
(c)主鎖近傍への樹脂(A)間の相互作用を誘発する置換基の導入
(d)環状構造での主鎖形成
(e)主鎖への環状構造の連結
なお、樹脂(A)は、ホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上を示す繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
なお、ホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上を示す繰り返し単位の種類は特に制限されず、Bicerano法により算出されるホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上である繰り返し単位であればよい。なお、後述する式(A)~式(E)で表される繰り返し単位中の官能基の種類によっては、ホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上を示す繰り返し単位に該当する。
上記(a)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(A)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
式(A)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号の段落[0107]~[0119]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(b)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(B)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
また、有機基の少なくとも1つが、繰り返し単位中の主鎖に直接環構造が連結している基である場合、他の有機基の種類は特に制限されない。
また、有機基のいずれも繰り返し単位中の主鎖に直接環構造が連結している基ではない場合、有機基の少なくとも2つ以上は、水素原子を除く構成原子の数が3つ以上である置換基である。
式(B)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号の段落[0113]~[0115]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(c)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(C)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
式(C)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号の段落[0119]~[0121]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(d)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(D)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
式(D)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号の段落[0126]~[0127]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(e)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(E)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
「cylic」は、主鎖の炭素原子を含む環状基である。環状基に含まれる原子数は特に制限されない。
式(E)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号の段落[0131]~[0133]に記載のものが挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、脂環式炭化水素構造を有し、酸分解性を示さない繰り返し単位を有してもよい。これにより液浸露光時にレジスト膜から液浸液への低分子成分の溶出が低減できる。このような繰り返し単位として、例えば、1-アダマンチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジアマンチル(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロデカニル(メタ)アクリレート、又はシクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート由来の繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、水酸基及びシアノ基のいずれも有さない、式(III)で表される繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
Raは水素原子、アルキル基又は-CH2-O-Ra2基を表す。式中、Ra2は、水素原子、アルキル基又はアシル基を表す。
水酸基及びシアノ基のいずれも有さない、式(III)で表される繰り返し単位としては、特開2014-98921号公報の段落[0087]~[0094]に記載のものが挙げられる。
更に、樹脂(A)は、上述した繰り返し単位以外の繰り返し単位を有してもよい。
例えば樹脂(A)は、オキサチアン環基を有する繰り返し単位、オキサゾロン環基を有する繰り返し単位、ジオキサン環基を有する繰り返し単位、及びヒダントイン環基を有する繰り返し単位からなる群から選択される繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
このような繰り返し単位を以下に例示する。
樹脂(A)は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は特に限定されないが、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、1モル%以上が好ましく、5モル%以上がより好ましく、10モル%以上が更に好ましい。また、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、70モル%以下が好ましく、65モル%以下がより好ましく、60モル%以下が更に好ましく、55モル%以下が特に好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
下記一般式(2)、(3)及び(4)のいずれかで表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位である。
一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位を、「繰り返し単位(2)」とも呼ぶ。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Xaはハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。Xaが複数存在する場合、複数のXaは同一であっても異なってもよい。
m1は1以上、(5+2k)以下の整数を表す。
m2は0以上、(5+2k-m1)以下の整数を表す。
kは0以上の整数を表す。
*はそれぞれ一般式(2)中に記載されている芳香族炭化水素に結合する結合手を表す。
Z1の重合性基は特に限定されないが、不飽和二重結合を含む基であることが好ましく、例えば、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、アリル基、スチリル基などが挙げられ、(メタ)アクリロイル基が好ましい。
Z1は重合性基のみからなる基であってもよいし、重合性基とその他の基からなる基であってもよい。重合性基とその他の基からなる基としては、例えば、重合性基の少なくとも1つの水素原子が置換基(例えば、前述の置換基T)により置換された基が挙げられる。
E1の連結基は特に限定されないが、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NE2-、炭化水素基(例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基等)、ヘテロアリーレン基、及び、これらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられる。E2は水素原子又は有機基を表す。
E2としてのアルキル基は、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基等の炭素数20以下のアルキル基であることが好ましく、炭素数8以下のアルキル基であることがより好ましい。
E2としてのアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。
E1としてのヘテロアリーレン基は、置換基を有していてもよい。
Xaのハロゲン原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であることが好ましく、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子であることがより好ましい。
Xaのシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、並びにノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子、硫黄原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
Xaのアリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基が挙げられる。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Xaはハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。Xaが複数存在する場合、複数のXaは同一であっても異なってもよい。
m1は1以上、(5+2k)以下の整数を表す。
m2は0以上、(5+2k-m1)以下の整数を表す。
kは0以上の整数を表す。
樹脂(A)は、繰り返し単位(2)を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
一般式(3)で表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位を、「繰り返し単位(3)」とも呼ぶ。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
W1はラクトン構造を有する基を表す。
m3は1以上の整数を表す。
W1のラクトン構造は、炭素数4以上の単環又は多環のラクトン構造であることが好ましく、5~7員環ラクトン構造であることがより好ましい。ビシクロ構造若しくはスピロ構造を形成する形で5~7員環ラクトン構造に他の環構造が縮環しているものも好ましい。
ラクトン構造は前述の式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造であることが好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、繰り返し単位(3)を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
一般式(4)で表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位を、「繰り返し単位(4)」とも呼ぶ。
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Rx4及びRx5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は有機基を表す。
Rx4及びRx5が結合して環を形成してもよい。
Rx4及びRx5の有機基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましい。
Rx4及びRx5の有機基は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアリール基であることが好ましい。
Rx4及びRx5のアルキル基は、直鎖状であってもよいし、分岐鎖状であってもよい。また、上記アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。上記アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及びt-ブチル基等の炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。上記アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。
Rx4及びRx5のアルケニル基は、直鎖状であってもよいし、分岐鎖状であってもよい。また、上記アルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよい。上記アルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Rx4及びRx5が結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子、硫黄原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を含む基、又はビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
樹脂(A)は、繰り返し単位(4)を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
上記一般式(2)、(3)及び(4)のいずれかで表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位以外のペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位を与える重合性化合物を以下に例示するが、これらに限定されるものではない。
GPC法によりポリスチレン換算値として、樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量は、特に限定されないが、30000以下が好ましく、1000~30000がより好ましく、3000~30000が更に好ましく、4500~15000が特に好ましい。
樹脂(A)の分散度(分子量分布)は、通常1~5であり、1~3が好ましく、1.2~3.0がより好ましく、1.2~2.0が更に好ましい。分散度が小さいものほど、解像度、及びレジスト形状がより優れ、更に、レジストパターンの側壁がよりスムーズであり、ラフネス性にもより優れる。
樹脂(A)を酸分解性樹脂として使用する場合、本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物中の樹脂(A)の含有量は、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の全固形分に対して、10.0質量%以上が好ましく、20.0~99.9質量%がより好ましく、40.0~90.0質量%が更に好ましく、60.0~80.0質量%が特に好ましい。
また、樹脂(A)を酸分解性樹脂としてではなく添加剤として使用する場合、本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物中の樹脂(A)の含有量は、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の全固形分に対して、0.01~19.9質量%が好ましく、0.1~15.0質量%がより好ましく、1.0~10.0質量%が更に好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、1種で使用してもよいし、複数併用してもよい。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、溶剤(好ましくは有機溶剤)を含む。
溶剤は、(M1)プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、並びに、(M2)プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸エステル、酢酸エステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸エステル、鎖状ケトン、環状ケトン、ラクトン、及びアルキレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの少なくとも一方を含んでいるのが好ましい。なお、上記溶剤は、成分(M1)及び(M2)以外の成分を更に含んでいてもよい。
なお、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(光酸発生剤)を含むことが好ましい。
活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物を「化合物(B)」とも呼ぶ。
化合物(B)が、低分子化合物の形態である場合、化合物(B)の分子量は3000以下が好ましく、2000以下がより好ましく、1000以下が更に好ましい。下限は特に制限されないが、100以上が好ましい。
化合物(B)が、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態である場合、樹脂(A)の一部に組み込まれてもよく、樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂に組み込まれてもよい。
化合物(B)は、低分子化合物であることが好ましい。
上記有機酸として、例えば、スルホン酸(脂肪族スルホン酸、芳香族スルホン酸、及び、カンファースルホン酸等)、カルボン酸(脂肪族カルボン酸、芳香族カルボン酸、及び、アラルキルカルボン酸等)、カルボニルスルホニルイミド酸、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド酸、及び、トリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチド酸が挙げられる。
「M+ X-」で表される化合物において、M+は、有機カチオンを表す。
上記有機カチオンの構造は特に制限されない。また、有機カチオンの価数は、1又は2価以上であってもよい。
上記有機カチオンとしては、下記一般式(ZaI)で表されるカチオン(以下「カチオン(ZaI)」ともいう。)、又は、下記一般式(ZaII)で表されるカチオン(以下「カチオン(ZaII)」ともいう。)が好ましい。
一般式(ZaII)中、R204及びR205は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
上記一般式(ZaI)及び(ZaII)については以下に詳述するが、上記一般式(ZaI)中のR201、R202、及びR203の少なくとも1つがアリール基であるか、又は、上記一般式(ZaII)中のR204及びR205の少なくとも1つがアリール基であることが好ましい。上記アリール基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子又はヨウ素原子)又は有機基が好ましい。
また、上記一般式(ZaI)中のR201、R202、及びR203の少なくとも1つが酸分解性基を有するか、又は、上記一般式(ZaII)中のR204及びR205の少なくとも1つが酸分解性基を有することも好ましい。酸分解性基については樹脂(A)におけるものと同様である。上記一般式(ZaI)中のR201、R202、及びR203の少なくとも1つが酸分解性基を有する形態としては、R201、R202、及びR203の少なくとも1つが酸分解性基を含む有機基で置換されたアリール基であることが好ましい。上記一般式(ZaII)中のR204及びR205の少なくとも1つが酸分解性基を有する形態としては、R204及びR205の少なくとも1つが酸分解性基を含む有機基で置換されたアリール基であることが好ましい。
R201、R202、及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、通常1~30であり、1~20が好ましい。また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基及びペンチレン基)、及び-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-が挙げられる。
カチオン(ZaI-1)は、上記式(ZaI)のR201~R203の少なくとも1つがアリール基である、アリールスルホニウムカチオンである。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンは、R201~R203の全てがアリール基でもよいし、R201~R203の一部がアリール基であり、残りがアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基であってもよい。
また、R201~R203のうちの1つがアリール基であり、R201~R203のうちの残りの2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203のうちの2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、1つ以上のメチレン基が酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、及び/又はカルボニル基で置換されていてもよいアルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基、及び-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-)が挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンとしては、例えば、トリアリールスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、アリールジアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、及びアリールジシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンが必要に応じて有しているアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~15の直鎖状アルキル基、炭素数3~15の分岐鎖状アルキル基、又は炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、又は、シクロヘキシル基がより好ましい。
上記置換基は可能な場合更に置換基を有していてもよく、上記アルキル基が置換基としてハロゲン原子を有して、トリフルオロメチル基等のハロゲン化アルキル基となっていることも好ましい。
また、上記置換基は任意の組み合わせにより、酸分解性基を形成することも好ましい。
なお、酸分解性基とは、酸の作用により分解して極性基を生じる基を意図し、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造であるのが好ましい。上記の極性基及び脱離基としては、上述の通りである。
カチオン(ZaI-2)は、式(ZaI)におけるR201~R203が、それぞれ独立に、芳香環を有さない有機基を表すカチオンである。芳香環とは、ヘテロ原子を含む芳香族環も包含する。
R201~R203としての芳香環を有さない有機基は、一般的に炭素数1~30であり、炭素数1~20が好ましい。
R201~R203は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基、又はビニル基が好ましく、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、又はアルコキシカルボニルメチル基がより好ましく、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基が更に好ましい。
R201~R203は、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基(例えば、炭素数1~5)、水酸基、シアノ基、又はニトロ基によって更に置換されていてもよい。
また、R201~R203の置換基は、それぞれ独立に、置換基の任意の組み合わせにより、酸分解性基を形成することも好ましい。
カチオン(ZaI-3b)は、下記式(ZaI-3b)で表されるカチオンである。
R1c~R5cは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、シクロアルキルカルボニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、アルキルチオ基、又はアリールチオ基を表す。
R6c及びR7cは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(例えば、t-ブチル基等)、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、又はアリール基を表す。
Rx及びRyは、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基、アリル基、又はビニル基を表す。
また、R1c~R7c、並びに、Rx及びRyの置換基は、それぞれ独立に、置換基の任意の組み合わせにより、酸分解性基を形成することも好ましい。
上記環としては、芳香族又は非芳香族の炭化水素環、芳香族又は非芳香族のヘテロ環、及びこれらの環が2つ以上組み合わされてなる多環縮合環が挙げられる。環としては、3~10員環が挙げられ、4~8員環が好ましく、5又は6員環がより好ましい。
R5cとR6c、及びR5cとRxが結合して形成する基としては、単結合又はアルキレン基が好ましい。アルキレン基としては、メチレン基及びエチレン基が挙げられる。
カチオン(ZaI-4b)は、下記式(ZaI-4b)で表されるカチオンである。
lは0~2の整数を表す。
rは0~8の整数を表す。
R13は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子等)、水酸基、アルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又はシクロアルキル基を含む基(シクロアルキル基そのものであってもよく、シクロアルキル基を一部に含む基であってもよい)を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R14は、水酸基、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子等)、アルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、シクロアルキルスルホニル基、又はシクロアルキル基を含む基(シクロアルキル基そのものであってもよく、シクロアルキル基を一部に含む基であってもよい)を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。R14は、複数存在する場合は、それぞれ独立して、水酸基等の上記基を表す。
R15は、それぞれ独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又はナフチル基を表す。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成するとき、環骨格内に、酸素原子、又は窒素原子等のヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。一態様において、2つのR15がアルキレン基であり、互いに結合して環構造を形成するのが好ましい。なお、上記アルキル基、上記シクロアルキル基、及び上記ナフチル基、並びに、2つのR15が互いに結合して形成する環は置換基を有してもよい。
また、R13~R15、並びに、Rx及びRyの各置換基は、それぞれ独立に、置換基の任意の組み合わせにより、酸分解性基を形成するのも好ましい。
式(ZaII)中、R204及びR205は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表し、好ましくは、アリール基、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
R204及びR205のアリール基は、フェニル基、又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。R204及びR205のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子等を有するヘテロ環を有するアリール基であってもよい。ヘテロ環を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、及びベンゾチオフェンが挙げられる。
R204及びR205のアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~10の直鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数3~10の分岐鎖状アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、又はペンチル基)、又は炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、又はノルボルニル基)が好ましい。
「M+ X-」で表される化合物において、X-は、有機アニオンを表す。
有機アニオンとしては、特に制限されず、1又は2価以上の有機アニオンが挙げられる。
有機アニオンとしては、求核反応を起こす能力が著しく低いアニオンが好ましく、非求核性アニオンがより好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、例えば、フルオロアルキル基(フッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。パーフルオロアルキル基であってもよい)であってもよい。
炭素数7~14のアラルキル基としては、例えば、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、ナフチルメチル基、ナフチルエチル基、及び、ナフチルブチル基が挙げられる。
また、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミドアニオンにおけるアルキル基は、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。これにより、酸強度が増加する。
Lが複数存在する場合、Lは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
2価の連結基としては、例えば、-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、シクロアルキレン基(炭素数3~15が好ましい)、アルケニレン基(炭素数2~6が好ましい)、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基が挙げられる。なかでも、2価の連結基としては、-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、-SO2-、-O-CO-O-アルキレン基-、-COO-アルキレン基-、又は、-CONH-アルキレン基-が好ましく、-O-CO-O-、-O-CO-O-アルキレン基-、-COO-、-CONH-、-SO2-、又は、-COO-アルキレン基-がより好ましい。
*a-(CR2a 2)X-Q-(CR2b 2)Y-*b (AN4-2)
*bは、式(AN4)における-C(R1)(R2)-との結合位置を表す。
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、0~10の整数を表し、0~3の整数が好ましい。
R2a及びR2bは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
R2a及びR2bがそれぞれ複数存在する場合、複数存在するR2a及びR2bは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ただし、Yが1以上の場合、式(AN4)における-C(R1)(R2)-と直接結合するCR2b 2におけるR2bは、フッ素原子以外である。
Qは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-CO-O-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、又は、*A-SO2-*Bを表す。
ただし、式(AN4-2)中のX+Yが1以上かつ、式(AN4-2)中のR2a及びR2bのいずれもが全て水素原子である場合、Qは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、又は、*A-SO2-*Bを表す。
*Aは、式(AN4)におけるR3側の結合位置を表し、*Bは、式(AN4)における-SO3 -側の結合位置を表す。
上記有機基は、炭素原子を1以上有していれば制限はなく、直鎖状の基(例えば、直鎖状のアルキル基)でも、分岐鎖状の基(例えば、t-ブチル基等の分岐鎖状のアルキル基)でもよく、環状の基であってもよい。上記有機基は、置換基を有していても、有していなくてもよい。上記有機基は、ヘテロ原子(酸素原子、硫黄原子、及び/又は、窒素原子等)を有していても、有してなくてもよい。
上記有機基の例としては、電子求引性基ではない置換基も挙げられる。
上記電子求引性基ではない置換基としては、例えば、炭化水素基、水酸基、オキシ炭化水素基、オキシカルボニル炭化水素基、アミノ基、炭化水素置換アミノ基、及び、炭化水素置換アミド基が挙げられる。
また、電子求引性基ではない置換基としては、それぞれ独立に、-R’、-OH、-OR’、-OCOR’、-NH2、-NR’2、-NHR’、又は、-NHCOR’が好ましい。R’は、1価の炭化水素基である。
なかでも、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基(シクロアルキル基が好ましい)又は水素原子が好ましい。
上記環状構造を有する有機基は、例えば、ヘテロ原子(酸素原子、硫黄原子、及び/又は、窒素原子等)を有していても、有してなくてもよい。ヘテロ原子は、環状構造を形成する炭素原子の1つ以上と置換していてもよい。
上記環状構造を有する有機基は、例えば、環状構造の炭化水素基、ラクトン環基、及び、スルトン環基が好ましい。なかでも、上記環状構造を有する有機基は、環状構造の炭化水素基が好ましい。
上記環状構造の炭化水素基は、単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。これらの基は、置換基を有していてもよい。
上記シクロアルキル基は、単環(シクロヘキシル基等)でも多環(アダマンチル基等)でもよく、炭素数は5~12が好ましい。
上記ラクトン基及びスルトン基としては、例えば、前述の式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)で表される構造、及び、式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)で表される構造のいずれかにおいて、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を構成する環員原子から、水素原子を1つ除いてなる基が好ましい。
少なくとも1つのXfは、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基であることが好ましく、フッ素原子又はCF3であることがより好ましく、双方のXfがフッ素原子であることが更に好ましい。
R4及びR5で表されるアルキル基は、炭素数1~4が好ましい。上記アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。R4及びR5としては、水素原子が好ましい。
少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基の具体例及び好適な態様は式(AN1)中のXfの具体例及び好適な態様と同じである。
Lが複数存在する場合、Lは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
2価の連結基としては、例えば、-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、シクロアルキレン基(炭素数3~15が好ましい)、アルケニレン基(炭素数2~6が好ましい)、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基が挙げられる。なかでも、2価の連結基としては、-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、-SO2-、-O-CO-O-アルキレン基-、-COO-アルキレン基-、又は、-CONH-アルキレン基-が好ましく、-O-CO-O-、-O-CO-O-アルキレン基-、-COO-、-CONH-、-SO2-、又は、-COO-アルキレン基-がより好ましい。
環状の有機基としては、例えば、脂環基、アリール基、及び、複素環基が挙げられる。
脂環基は、単環であってもよく、多環であってもよい。単環の脂環基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及び、シクロオクチル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。多環の脂環基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。なかでも、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の炭素数7以上の嵩高い構造を有する脂環基が好ましい。
複素環基は、単環又は多環であってもよい。なかでも、多環の複素環基である場合、より酸の拡散を抑制できる。また、複素環基は、芳香族性を有していてもよいし、芳香族性を有していなくてもよい。芳香族性を有している複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環、及び、ピリジン環が挙げられる。芳香族性を有していない複素環としては、例えば、テトラヒドロピラン環、ラクトン環、スルトン環、及び、デカヒドロイソキノリン環が挙げられる。複素環基における複素環としては、フラン環、チオフェン環、ピリジン環、又は、デカヒドロイソキノリン環が好ましい。
態様(AN2):式(AN1)中、oは2を表し、pは0を表し、-SO3 -と直接結合している炭素原子(以下、この炭素原子を「炭素原子Z1」とも呼ぶ。)に結合した2つのXfは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又はフッ素原子を有さない有機基を表し、上記炭素原子に隣接している炭素原子(以下、この炭素原子を「炭素原子Z2」とも呼ぶ。)に結合した2つのXfは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は有機基を表す。q、L、及び、Wの好ましい態様は、前述したものと同様である。
炭素原子Z1に結合した2つのXfは、水素原子であることが好ましい。
炭素原子Z2に結合した2つのXfの少なくとも一方がフッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する有機基であることが好ましく、両方がフッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する有機基であることがより好ましく、両方が、フッ素で置換されたアルキル基であることが更に好ましい。
また、Bは更に、「-(L)q-W」で表される置換基を有していてもよい。L、q及びWは、上記式(AN1)中のL、q及びWと同じ意味を表し、具体例及び好ましい範囲も同様である。
ジスルホンアミドアニオンは、例えば、N-(SO2-Rq)2で表されるアニオンである。
ここで、Rqは置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基を表し、フルオロアルキル基が好ましく、パーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましい。2個のRqは互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2個のRqが互いに結合して形成される基は、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基が好ましく、フルオロアルキレン基が好ましく、パーフルオロアルキレン基が更に好ましい。上記アルキレン基の炭素数は2~4が好ましい。
Z2cにおける上記炭化水素基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよく、環状構造を有していてもよい。また、上記炭化水素基における炭素原子(好ましくは、上記炭化水素基が環状構造を有する場合における、環員原子である炭素原子)は、カルボニル炭素(-CO-)であってもよい。上記炭化水素基としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよいノルボルニル基を有する基が挙げられる。上記ノルボルニル基を形成する炭素原子は、カルボニル炭素であってもよい。
また、式(d1-2)中の「Z2c-SO3 -」は、上述の式(AN4)、(AN1)又は(AN5)で表されるアニオンとは異なるのが好ましい。例えば、Z2cは、アリール基以外が好ましい。また、例えば、Z2cにおける、-SO3 -に対してα位及びβ位の原子は、置換基としてフッ素原子を有する炭素原子以外の原子が好ましい。例えば、Z2cは、-SO3 -に対してα位の原子及び/又はβ位の原子は環状基中の環員原子であるのが好ましい。
化合物(B)は、下記化合物(I)及び下記化合物(II)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることも好ましい。
化合物(I)は、1つ以上の下記構造部位X及び1つ以上の下記構造部位Yを有する化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、下記構造部位Xに由来する下記第1の酸性部位と下記構造部位Yに由来する下記第2の酸性部位とを含む酸を発生する化合物である。
構造部位X:アニオン部位A1 -とカチオン部位M1 +とからなり、且つ活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、HA1で表される第1の酸性部位を形成する構造部位
構造部位Y:アニオン部位A2 -とカチオン部位M2 +とからなり、且つ活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、HA2で表される第2の酸性部位を形成する構造部位
カチオン部位M1 +とカチオン部位M2 +とはそれぞれ独立に有機カチオンを表すことが好ましく、具体例及び好ましい範囲は前述のM+で表される有機カチオンと同様である。
また、上記化合物(I)は、下記条件Iを満たす。
化合物(I)が、例えば、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を1つと、上記構造部位Yに由来する上記第2の酸性部位を1つ有する酸を発生する化合物である場合、化合物PIは「HA1とHA2とを有する化合物」に該当する。
このような化合物PIの酸解離定数a1及び酸解離定数a2とは、より具体的に説明すると、化合物PIの酸解離定数を求めた場合において、化合物PIが「A1 -とHA2とを有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a1であり、上記「A1 -とHA2とを有する化合物」が「A1 -とA2 -とを有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a2である。
このような化合物PIの酸解離定数を求めた場合、化合物PIが「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数、及び「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」が「2つのA1 -と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数が、上述の酸解離定数a1に該当する。また、「2つのA1 -と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」が「2つのA1 -とA2 -を有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数が酸解離定数a2に該当する。つまり、このような化合物PIの場合、上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA1で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数を複数有する場合、複数の酸解離定数a1のうち最も大きい値よりも、酸解離定数a2の値の方が大きい。なお、化合物PIが「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数をaaとし、「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」が「2つのA1 -と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数をabとしたとき、aa及びabの関係は、aa<abを満たす。
上記化合物PIとは、化合物(I)に活性光線又は放射線を照射した場合に、発生する酸に該当する。
化合物(I)が2つ以上の構造部位Xを有する場合、構造部位Xは、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、2つ以上の上記A1 -、及び2つ以上の上記M1 +は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、化合物(I)中、上記A1 -及び上記A2 -、並びに、上記M1 +及び上記M2 +は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよいが、上記A1 -及び上記A2 -は、それぞれ異なっているのが好ましい。
アニオン部位A1 -としては、酸解離定数の小さい酸性部位を形成し得るものが好ましく、なかでも、式(AA-1)~(AA-3)のいずれかであるのがより好ましく、式(AA-1)及び(AA-3)のいずれかであるのが更に好ましい。
また、アニオン部位A2 -としては、アニオン部位A1 -よりも酸解離定数の大きい酸性部位を形成し得るものが好ましく、式(BB-1)~(BB-6)のいずれかであるのがより好ましく、式(BB-1)及び(BB-4)のいずれかであるのが更に好ましい。
なお、以下の式(AA-1)~(AA-3)及び式(BB-1)~(BB-6)中、*は、結合位置を表す。
以下において、まず、式(Ia-1)で表される化合物について述べる。
A11 -及びA12 -は、それぞれ独立に、1価のアニオン性官能基を表す。
L1は、2価の連結基を表す。
M11 +及びM12 +は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
A11 -及びA12 -は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよいが、互いに異なっているのが好ましい。
但し、上記式(Ia-1)において、M11 +及びM12 +で表されるカチオンをH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIa(HA11-L1-A12H)において、A12Hで表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a2は、HA11で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a1よりも大きい。なお、酸解離定数a1と酸解離定数a2との好適値については、上述した通りである。また、化合物PIaと、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって式(Ia-1)で表される化合物とから発生する酸は同じである。
また、M11 +、M12 +、A11 -、A12 -、及びL1の少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
A11 -及びA12 -で表される1価のアニオン性官能基としては、上述した式(AA-1)~(AA-3)及び式(BB-1)~(BB-6)のいずれかのアニオン部位を含む1価のアニオン性官能基であるのが好ましく、式(AX-1)~(AX-3)、及び式(BX-1)~(BX-7)からなる群から選ばれる1価のアニオン性官能基であるのがより好ましい。A11 -で表される1価のアニオン性官能基としては、なかでも、式(AX-1)~(AX-3)のいずれかで表される1価のアニオン性官能基であるのが好ましい。また、A12 -で表される1価のアニオン性官能基としては、なかでも、式(BX-1)~(BX-7)のいずれかで表される1価のアニオン性官能基が好ましく、式(BX-1)~(BX-6)のいずれかで表される1価のアニオン性官能基がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~15が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~6が更に好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、フッ素原子又はシアノ基が好ましく、フッ素原子がより好ましい。上記アルキル基が置換基としてフッ素原子を有する場合、パーフルオロアルキル基であってもよい。
上記アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、パーフルオロアルキル基(例えば、炭素数1~10が好ましく、炭素数1~6がより好ましい。)、又はシアノ基が好ましく、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、パーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましい。
RBで表される1価の有機基としては、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルキル基、又はアリール基が好ましい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~15が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~6が更に好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基として特に制限されないが、置換基としては、フッ素原子又はシアノ基が好ましく、フッ素原子がより好ましい。上記アルキル基が置換基としてフッ素原子を有する場合、パーフルオロアルキル基であってもよい。
なお、アルキル基において結合位置となる炭素原子(例えば、式(BX-1)及び(BX-4)の場合、アルキル基中の式中に明示される-CO-と直接結合する炭素原子が該当し、式(BX-2)及び(BX-3)の場合、アルキル基中の式中に明示される-SO2-と直接結合する炭素原子が該当し、式(BX-6)の場合、アルキル基中の式中に明示されるN-と直接結合する炭素原子が該当する。)が置換基を有する場合、フッ素原子又はシアノ基以外の置換基であるのも好ましい。
また、上記アルキル基は、炭素原子がカルボニル炭素で置換されていてもよい。
上記アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、パーフルオロアルキル基(例えば、炭素数1~10が好ましく、炭素数1~6がより好ましい。)、シアノ基、アルキル基(例えば、炭素数1~10が好ましく、炭素数1~6がより好ましい。)、アルコキシ基(例えば、炭素数1~10が好ましく、炭素数1~6がより好ましい。)、又はアルコキシカルボニル基(例えば、炭素数2~10が好ましく、炭素数2~6がより好ましい。)が好ましく、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、パーフルオロアルキル基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基がより好ましい。
また、上記アルキレン基、上記シクロアルキレン基、上記アルケニレン基、上記2価の脂肪族複素環基、2価の芳香族複素環基、及び2価の芳香族炭化水素環基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)が挙げられる。
L111で表される2価の連結基としては特に制限されず、例えば、-CO-、-NH-、-O-、-SO-、-SO2-、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6がより好ましい。直鎖状及び分岐鎖状のいずれでもよい)、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~10)、及びこれらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基が挙げられる。置換基としては特に制限されず、例えば、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
pは、0~3の整数を表し、1~3の整数を表すのが好ましい。
vは、0又は1の整数を表す。
Xf1は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、又は少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を表す。このアルキル基の炭素数は、1~10が好ましく、1~4がより好ましい。また、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基としては、パーフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。
Xf2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換基としてフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を表す。このアルキル基の炭素数は、1~10が好ましく、1~4がより好ましい。Xf2としては、なかでも、フッ素原子、又は少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を表すのが好ましく、フッ素原子、又はパーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましい。
なかでも、Xf1及びXf2としては、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基であることが好ましく、フッ素原子又はCF3であることがより好ましい。特に、Xf1及びXf2が、いずれもフッ素原子であることが更に好ましい。
*は結合位置を表す。
式(Ia-1)中のL11が式(L1)で表される2価の連結基を表す場合、式(L1)中のL111側の結合手(*)が、式(Ia-1)中のA12 -と結合するのが好ましい。
次に、式(Ia-2)~(Ia-4)で表される化合物について説明する。
A22 -は、2価のアニオン性官能基を表す。ここで、A22 -で表される2価のアニオン性官能基とは、上述したアニオン部位A2 -を含む2価の基を意図する。A22 -で表される2価のアニオン性官能基としては、例えば、以下に示す式(BX-8)~(BX-11)で表される2価のアニオン性官能基が挙げられる。
L21及びL22は、それぞれ独立に、2価の有機基を表す。
なお、A21a -及びA21b -は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、M21a +、M21b +、及びM22 +は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、M21a +、M21b +、M22 +、A21a -、A21b -、L21、及びL22の少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
A32 -で表される1価のアニオン性官能基は、上述したアニオン部位A2 -を含む1価の基を意図する。A32 -で表される1価のアニオン性官能基としては特に制限されないが、例えば、上述の式(BX-1)~(BX-7)からなる群から選ばれる1価のアニオン性官能基が挙げられる。
A31b -は、2価のアニオン性官能基を表す。ここで、A31b -で表される2価のアニオン性官能基とは、上述したアニオン部位A1 -を含む2価の基を意図する。A31b -で表される2価のアニオン性官能基としては、例えば、以下に示す式(AX-4)で表される2価のアニオン性官能基が挙げられる。
L31及びL32は、それぞれ独立に、2価の有機基を表す。
なお、A31a -及びA32 -は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、M31a +、M31b +、及びM32 +は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、M31a +、M31b +、M32 +、A31a -、A32 -、L31、及びL32の少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
M41a +、M41b +、及びM42 +は、それぞれ独立に、有機カチオンを表す。
L41は、3価の有機基を表す。
なお、A41a -、A41b -、及びA42 -は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、M41a +、M41b +、及びM42 +は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、M41a +、M41b +、M42 +、A41a -、A41b -、A42 -、及びL41の少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
また、上記アルキレン基、上記シクロアルキレン基、上記アルケニレン基、上記2価の脂肪族複素環基、2価の芳香族複素環基、及び2価の芳香族炭化水素環基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)が挙げられる。
Xfは、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、又は少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を表す。このアルキル基の炭素数は、1~10が好ましく、1~4がより好ましい。また、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基としては、パーフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。
Xfは、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基であることが好ましく、フッ素原子又はCF3であることがより好ましい。特に、双方のXfがフッ素原子であることが更に好ましい。
LAで表される2価の連結基としては特に制限されず、例えば、-CO-、-O-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6。直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、2価の芳香族炭化水素環基(6~10員環が好ましく、6員環が更に好ましい。)、及びこれらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基が挙げられる。
また、上記アルキレン基、上記シクロアルキレン基、及び2価の芳香族炭化水素環基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)が挙げられる。
式(Ia-2)中のL21及びL22が式(L2)で表される2価の有機基を表す場合、式(L2)中のLA側の結合手(*)が、式(Ia-2)中のA21a -及びA21b -と結合するのが好ましい。
また、式(Ia-3)中のL31及びL32が式(L2)で表される2価の有機基を表す場合、式(L2)中のLA側の結合手(*)が、式(Ia-3)中のA31a -及びA32 -と結合するのが好ましい。
次に、式(Ia-5)について説明する。
A52a -及びA52b -は、2価のアニオン性官能基を表す。ここで、A52a -及びA52b -で表される2価のアニオン性官能基とは、上述したアニオン部位A2 -を含む2価の基を意図する。A22 -で表される2価のアニオン性官能基としては、例えば、上述の式(BX-8)~(BX-11)からなる群から選ばれる2価のアニオン性官能基が挙げられる。
L51及びL53は、それぞれ独立に、2価の有機基を表す。L51及びL53で表される2価の有機基としては、上述した式(Ia-2)中のL21及びL22と同義であり、好適態様も同じである。
L52は、3価の有機基を表す。L52で表される3価の有機基としては、上述した式(Ia-4)中のL41と同義であり、好適態様も同じである。
なお、A51a -、A51b -、及びA51c -は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、A52a -及びA52b -は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、M51a +、M51b +、M51c +、M52a +、及びM52b +は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、M51b +、M51c +、M52a +、M52b +、A51a -、A51b -、A51c -、L51、L52、及びL53の少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
化合物(II)は、2つ以上の上記構造部位X及び1つ以上の下記構造部位Zを有する化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を2つ以上と上記構造部位Zとを含む酸を発生する化合物とを含む酸を発生する化合物である。
構造部位Z:酸を中和可能な非イオン性の部位
なお、化合物(II)が、例えば、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を2つと上記構造部位Zとを有する酸を発生する化合物である場合、化合物PIIは「2つのHA1を有する化合物」に該当する。この化合物PIIの酸解離定数を求めた場合、化合物PIIが「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1とを有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数、及び「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1とを有する化合物」が「2つのA1 -を有する化合物」となる際の酸解離定数が、酸解離定数a1に該当する。
上記化合物PIIとは、化合物(II)に活性光線又は放射線を照射した場合に、発生する酸に該当する。
なお、上記2つ以上の構造部位Xは、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。また、2つ以上の上記A1 -、及び2つ以上の上記M1 +は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
プロトンと静電的に相互作用し得る基、又は、電子を有する官能基としては、環状ポリエーテル等のマクロサイクリック構造を有する官能基、又は、π共役に寄与しない非共有電子対をもった窒素原子を有する官能基が挙げられる。π共役に寄与しない非共有電子対を有する窒素原子とは、例えば、下記式に示す部分構造を有する窒素原子である。
上記式(IIa-1)中、L61及びL62は、それぞれ上述した式(Ia-1)中のL1と同義であり、好適態様も同じである。
また、上記アルキレン基、上記シクロアルキレン基、及び上記アルケニレン基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)が挙げられる。
なお、上記化合物(IIa-1)において上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M61a +及びM61b +をH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIIa-1は、HA61a-L61-N(R2X)-L62-A61bHが該当する。また、化合物PIIa-1と、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって式(IIa-1)で表される化合物から発生する酸は同じである。
また、M61a +、M61b +、A61a -、A61b -、L61、L62、及びR2Xの少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
上記式(IIa-2)中、L71、L72、及びL73は、それぞれ上述した式(Ia-1)中のL1と同義であり、好適態様も同じである。
なお、上記化合物(IIa-1)において上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M71a +、M71b +、及び、M71c +をH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIIa-2は、HA71a-L71-N(L73-A71cH)-L72-A71bHが該当する。また、化合物PIIa-2と、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって式(IIa-2)で表される化合物から発生する酸は同じである。
また、M71a +、M71b +、M71c +、A71a -、A71b -、A71c -、L71、L72、及びL73の少なくとも1つが、置換基として、酸分解性基を有していてもよい。
化合物(B)は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
化合物(X)は、下記式(X)で表されるカチオン(特定カチオン)を含む塩である。
Arxで表されるアリール基は、単環又は多環であってもよい。また、上記アリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、又は、硫黄原子等を含むヘテロ環であってもよい。
上記ヘテロ環としては、例えば、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、及び、ベンゾチオフェン環が挙げられる。
上記アリール基の炭素数(ArXの炭素数)は、6~20が好ましく、6~15がより好ましく、6~10が更に好ましい。
ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及び、ヨウ素原子が挙げられ、フッ素原子、又は、ヨウ素原子が好ましい。
ハロゲン原子を含む基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化アルキル基、ハロゲン化アルコキシ基、及び、ハロゲン化アリール基が挙げられる。
上記アリール基が有するハロゲン原子の数は、1~20が好ましく、1~15がより好ましく、1~10が更に好ましい。
上記アリール基が有するハロゲン原子を含む基の数は、1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい。
上記アリール基には、ハロゲン原子を含む基以外に、更にハロゲン原子を含まない基が置換されていてもよい。上記ハロゲン原子を含まない基としては、アルキル基(炭素数1~6が好ましい。)、アルコキシ基、又は、アルコキシカルボニル基が好ましく、アルキル基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、又は、アルコキシ基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)がより好ましい。
上記アリール基としては、フェニル基又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。
RX11~RX12のうち少なくとも1つは、炭化水素基であることが好ましい。RX13~RX16は、水素原子を表すことが好ましい。
上記炭化水素基は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、又は、環状であってもよい。
上記炭化水素基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、及び、アリール基が挙げられ、アルキル基が好ましい。
上記炭化水素基の炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~5が更に好ましい。
RX11とRX12とは、互いに結合して環を形成していてもよく、RX11とRX13~RX16のうち少なくとも1つと、又は、RX12とRX13~RX16のうち少なくとも1つとは、互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。
n及びmとしては、1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましく、2が特に好ましい。また、n及びmは、同一の整数を表すことが好ましい。
nが2以上の整数を表す場合、2つ以上のRX13同士、及び、2つ以上のRX14同士は、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。また、mが2以上の整数を表す場合、2つ以上のRX15同士、及び、2つ以上のRX16同士は、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
2価の連結基としては、例えば、-CO-、-NRA-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-N(SO2-RA)-、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基が挙げられ、酸素原子を含む2価の連結基が好ましい。
酸素原子を含む2価の連結基としては、例えば、-CO-、-O-、-SO-、-SO2-、-N(SO2-RA)-、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基が挙げられる。RAとしては、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基が挙げられる。
なかでも、酸素原子を含む2価の連結基としては、-O-、-CO-、又は、-N(SO2-RA)-が好ましく、-O-、又は、-CO-がより好ましい。
酸素原子を含む2価の連結基とは、酸素原子自体、及び、2価の連結基の一部として酸素原子を含む2価の連結基を意味する。
酸素原子を含む2価の連結基が有する酸素原子の数は、1~3が好ましく、1~2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい。
X1は、上述した式(X)中、Arxが有するハロゲン原子を含む基と同義であり、好適範囲も同じである。
上記ハロゲン原子を含まない基としては、アルキル基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、アルコキシ基、又は、アルコキシカルボニル基が好ましく、アルキル基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、又は、アルコキシ基がより好ましい。
ハロゲン原子を含まない基とは、置換基の一部としてハロゲン原子を含まない基を意味する。つまり、Y1は、X1で表されるハロゲン原子を含む基以外の基を表す。
aとしては、1~4が好ましい。bとしては、1~4が好ましい。
RX20~RX21は、上述した式(X)中、RX11~RX12と同義であり、好適範囲も同じである。
RX22~RX29で表される炭化水素基は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、又は、環状であってもよい。
RX22~RX29で表される炭化水素基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、及び、アリール基が挙げられ、アルキル基が好ましい。
RX22~RX29で表される炭化水素基の炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~5が更に好ましい。
RX20とRX21とは、互いに結合して環を形成していてもよく、R20とRX22~RX25のうち少なくとも1つと、又は、RX21とRX26~RX29のうち少なくとも1つとは、互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。
化合物(X)は1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。2種以上使用する場合は、その合計含有量が、上記好適含有量の範囲内であるのが好ましい。
レジスト組成物は、酸拡散制御剤を含んでいてもよい。
酸拡散制御剤は、露光時に光酸発生剤等から発生する酸をトラップし、余分な発生酸による、未露光部における酸分解性樹脂の反応を抑制するクエンチャーとして作用するものである。
酸拡散制御剤としては、例えば、塩基性化合物(CA)、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する低分子化合物(CB)、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸拡散制御能が低下又は消失する化合物(CC)等が挙げられる。
上記化合物(CC)としては、光酸発生剤に対して相対的に弱酸となるオニウム塩化合物(CD)、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物(CE)等が挙げられる。
酸拡散制御剤としては、公知の酸拡散制御剤を適宜使用できる。
例えば、米国特許出願公開2016/0070167A1号の段落[0627]~[0664]、米国特許出願公開2015/0004544A1号の段落[0095]~[0187]、米国特許出願公開2016/0237190A1号の段落[0403]~[0423]、及び米国特許出願公開2016/0274458A1号の段落[0259]~[0328]に開示された公知の化合物を酸拡散制御剤として好適に使用できる。
また、例えば、塩基性化合物(CA)の具体例としては、国際公開第2020/066824号の段落[0132]~[0136]に記載のものが挙げられ、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物(CD)の具体例としては、国際公開第2020/066824号の段落[0137]~[0155]に記載のものが挙げられ、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する低分子化合物(CB)の具体例としては、国際公開第2020/066824号の段落[0156]~[0163]に記載のものが挙げられ、カチオン部に窒素原子を有するオニウム塩化合物(CE)の具体例としては、国際公開第2020/066824号の段落[0164]に記載のものが挙げられる。
また、光酸発生剤に対して相対的に弱酸となるオニウム塩化合物(CD)の具体例としては、国際公開第2020/158337号の段落[0305]~[0314]、国際公開第2020/158467号の段落[0455]~[0464]、国際公開第2020/158366号の段落[0298]~[0307]、国際公開第2020/158417号の段落[0357]~[0366]に記載のものが挙げられる。
レジスト組成物において、酸拡散制御剤は1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
レジスト組成物は、樹脂(A)に加えて、更に、樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂を含有してもよい。樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂を「樹脂(D)」とも呼ぶ。
樹脂(D)は疎水性樹脂であることが好ましい。
疎水性樹脂はレジスト膜の表面に偏在するように設計されるのが好ましいが、界面活性剤とは異なり、必ずしも分子内に親水基を有する必要はなく、極性物質及び非極性物質の均一な混合に寄与しなくてもよい。
疎水性樹脂の添加による効果として、水に対するレジスト膜表面の静的及び動的な接触角の制御、並びに、アウトガスの抑制が挙げられる。
疎水性樹脂としては、国際公開第2020/004306号の段落[0275]~[0279]に記載される化合物が挙げられる。
レジスト組成物は、界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。界面活性剤を含むと、密着性により優れ、現像欠陥のより少ないパターンを形成できる。
界面活性剤は、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤が好ましい。
フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤としては、国際公開第2018/19395号の段落[0218]及び[0219]に開示された界面活性剤が挙げられる。
レジスト組成物は、溶解阻止化合物、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、及び/又は、現像液に対する溶解性を促進させる化合物(例えば、分子量1000以下のフェノール化合物、又は、カルボキシ基を含んだ脂環族若しくは脂肪族化合物)を更に含んでいてもよい。
EUVは波長13.5nmであり、ArF(波長193nm)光等に比べて、より短波長であるため、同じ感度で露光された際の入射フォトン数が少ない。そのため、確率的にフォトンの数がばらつく“フォトンショットノイズ”の影響が大きく、LERの悪化及びブリッジ欠陥を招く。フォトンショットノイズを減らすには、露光量を大きくして入射フォトン数を増やす方法があるが、高感度化の要求とトレードオフとなる。
式(1):A=([H]×0.04+[C]×1.0+[N]×2.1+[O]×3.6+[F]×5.6+[S]×1.5+[I]×39.5)/([H]×1+[C]×12+[N]×14+[O]×16+[F]×19+[S]×32+[I]×127)
A値は0.120以上が好ましい。上限は特に制限されないが、A値が大きすぎる場合、レジスト膜のEUV及び電子線透過率が低下し、レジスト膜中の光学像プロファイルが劣化し、結果として良好なパターン形状が得られにくくなるため、0.240以下が好ましく、0.220以下がより好ましい。
例えば、レジスト組成物が酸の作用により極性が増大する樹脂(酸分解性樹脂)、光酸発生剤、酸拡散制御剤、及び溶剤を含む場合、上記樹脂、上記光酸発生剤、及び上記酸拡散制御剤が固形分に該当する。つまり、全固形分の全原子とは、上記樹脂由来の全原子、上記光酸発生剤由来の全原子、及び、上記酸拡散制御剤由来の全原子の合計に該当する。例えば、[H]は、全固形分の全原子に対する、全固形分由来の水素原子のモル比率を表し、上記例に基づいて説明すると、[H]は、上記樹脂由来の全原子、上記光酸発生剤由来の全原子、及び、上記酸拡散制御剤由来の全原子の合計に対する、上記樹脂由来の水素原子、上記光酸発生剤由来の水素原子、及び、上記酸拡散制御剤由来の水素原子の合計のモル比率を表すことになる。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法は、樹脂(A)の溶液を、有機溶剤(Y)を含む貧溶媒に添加して樹脂(A)の沈殿を生じさせる工程(以下、この工程を「工程(X)」とも呼ぶ。)を含むことが好ましい。
工程(X)を行うことにより、樹脂(A)を精製することができる。樹脂(A)を合成するために使用されるモノマーは、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有している。工程(X)では、樹脂(A)の沈殿を生じさせて、残存モノマーと分離し、樹脂(A)を精製するために、有機溶剤を含む貧溶媒を用いる。
貧溶媒は、有機溶剤(Y)のみからなっていてもよいし、有機溶剤(Y)とその他の溶剤からなっていてもよい。
貧溶媒に含まれる有機溶剤(Y)は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜は、前述の本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜である。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜は、典型的にはレジスト膜である。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を形成する工程(「工程(1)」とも呼ぶ。)と、
上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を露光する工程(「工程(2)」とも呼ぶ。)と、
現像液を用いて、上記露光された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程(「工程(3)」とも呼ぶ。)と、を有するパターン形成方法である。
工程(1)は、前述の本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(レジスト組成物)を用いて、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜(「レジスト膜」とも呼ぶ。)を形成する工程である。
工程(1)で使用するレジスト組成物は、酸分解性樹脂及び光酸発生剤を含むことが好ましい。
なお、塗布前にレジスト組成物を必要に応じてフィルター濾過するのが好ましい。フィルターのポアサイズは、0.1μm以下が好ましく、0.05μm以下がより好ましく、0.03μm以下が更に好ましい。また、フィルターは、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、又はナイロン製が好ましい。
レジスト組成物の塗布後、基板を乾燥し、レジスト膜を形成してもよい。なお、必要により、レジスト膜の下層に、各種下地膜(無機膜、有機膜、反射防止膜)を形成してもよい。
トップコート組成物は、レジスト膜と混合せず、更にレジスト膜上層に均一に塗布できるのが好ましい。トップコートは、特に限定されず、従来公知のトップコートを、従来公知の方法によって形成でき、例えば、特開2014-059543号公報の段落[0072]~[0082]の記載に基づいてトップコートを形成できる。
例えば、特開2013-61648号公報に記載されたような塩基性化合物を含むトップコートを、レジスト膜上に形成するのが好ましい。トップコートが含み得る塩基性化合物の具体的な例は、レジスト組成物が含んでいてもよい塩基性化合物が挙げられる。
また、トップコートは、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、水酸基、チオール基、カルボニル結合、及びエステル結合からなる群より選択される基又は結合を少なくとも1つ含む化合物を含むのも好ましい。
工程(2)は、レジスト膜を露光する工程である。
露光の方法としては、形成したレジスト膜に所定のマスクを通して活性光線又は放射線を照射する方法が挙げられる。
活性光線又は放射線としては、赤外光、可視光、紫外光、遠紫外光、極紫外光、X線、及び電子線が挙げられ、好ましくは波長250nm以下の活性光線又は放射線、電子線であり、より好ましくは波長220nm以下の活性光線又は放射線、電子線であり、特に好ましくは波長1~200nmの活性光線又は放射線、電子線である。活性光線又は放射線として、具体的には、KrFエキシマレーザー(248nm)、ArFエキシマレーザー(193nm)、F2エキシマレーザー(157nm)、EUV(13nm)、X線、及び電子ビームが挙げられる。
加熱温度は80~150℃が好ましく、80~140℃がより好ましく、80~130℃が更に好ましい。
加熱時間は10~1000秒が好ましく、10~180秒がより好ましく、30~120秒が更に好ましい。
加熱は通常の露光機及び/又は現像機に備わっている手段で実施でき、ホットプレート等を用いて行ってもよい。
この工程は露光後ベークともいう。
工程(3)は、現像液を用いて、工程(2)で露光された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜(レジスト膜)を現像し、パターンを形成する工程である。
現像液は、アルカリ現像液であっても、有機溶剤を含有する現像液(「有機系現像液」とも呼ぶ。)であってもよい。
また、現像を行う工程の後に、他の溶剤に置換しながら、現像を停止する工程を実施してもよい。
現像時間は未露光部の樹脂が十分に溶解する時間であれば特に制限はなく、10~300秒が好ましく、20~120秒がより好ましい。
現像液の温度は0~50℃が好ましく、15~35℃がより好ましい。
有機系現像液に対する有機溶剤の含有量は、現像液の全量に対して、50質量%以上100質量%以下が好ましく、80質量%以上100質量%以下がより好ましく、90質量%以上100質量%以下が更に好ましく、95質量%以上100質量%以下が特に好ましい。
上記パターン形成方法は、工程(3)の後に、リンス液を用いて洗浄する工程を含むのが好ましい。
リンス液には、界面活性剤を適当量添加してもよい。
また、本発明のパターン形成方法は、リンス工程の後に加熱工程(Post Bake)を含んでいてもよい。本工程により、ベークによりパターン間及びパターン内部に残留した現像液及びリンス液が除去される。また、本工程により、レジストパターンがなまされ、パターンの表面荒れが改善される効果もある。リンス工程の後の加熱工程は、通常40~250℃(好ましくは90~200℃)で、通常10秒間~3分間(好ましくは30秒間~120秒間)行う。
基板(又は、下層膜及び基板)の加工方法は特に限定されないが、工程3で形成されたパターンをマスクとして、基板(又は、下層膜及び基板)に対してドライエッチングを行うことにより、基板にパターンを形成する方法が好ましい。ドライエッチングは、酸素プラズマエッチングが好ましい。
薬液配管としては、例えば、SUS(ステンレス鋼)、又は、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、若しくは、フッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、又は、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂等)で被膜された各種配管を使用できる。フィルター及びO-リングに関しても同様に、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、又は、フッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、又は、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂等)を使用できる。
また、本発明は、上記したパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法、及びこの製造方法により製造された電子デバイスにも関する。
本発明の電子デバイスの好適態様としては、電気電子機器(家電、OA(Office Automation)、メディア関連機器、光学用機器及び通信機器等)に搭載される態様が挙げられる。
本発明は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位、及び酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む樹脂にも関する。この樹脂は、更に、ラクトン基を有する繰り返し単位、環状カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位、及びフェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含んでいてもよい。
これらの樹脂については、〔樹脂(A)〕において記載したものが挙げられる。
本発明は、ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位、及び酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む樹脂の製造方法にも関する。樹脂については上記したとおりである。
本発明の樹脂の製造方法は、上記樹脂の溶液を、有機溶剤(Y)を含む貧溶媒に添加して上記樹脂の沈殿を生じさせる工程を含む。有機溶剤(Y)については前述のとおりである。有機溶剤(Y)のClogP値が1.4以上であることが好ましい。
〔樹脂(A)〕
樹脂(A)として樹脂A-1~A-71を用いた。また、比較例の樹脂として樹脂RA-1~RA-3を用いた。
表2~4に、それぞれの樹脂に含まれる各繰り返し単位の含有量(モル%)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)を示す。繰り返し単位の含有量は、各樹脂に含まれる全繰り返し単位に対する各繰り返し単位の割合(モル比率)である。各繰り返し単位は対応するモノマーの構造により示した。
樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、繰り返し単位の含有量は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
樹脂RA-1~RA-3は樹脂(A)ではないが、便宜的に、表8の「樹脂(A)」の欄に記載した。
使用した光酸発生剤の構造を以下に示す。
使用した酸拡散制御剤の構造を以下に示す。
樹脂(D)として使用した樹脂D-1~D-7の構造式を以下に示す。
表5に、それぞれの樹脂に含まれる各繰り返し単位の含有量(モル%)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)を示す。繰り返し単位の含有量は、各樹脂に含まれる全繰り返し単位に対する各繰り返し単位の割合(モル比率)である。表5に示した繰り返し単位の含有量の値は、それぞれ、以下に示した構造式の左から順に対応している。
樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、繰り返し単位の含有量は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
使用した溶剤を以下に示す。
F-1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
F-2:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)
F-3:プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(PGEE)
F-4:シクロヘキサノン
F-5:シクロペンタノン
F-6:2-ヘプタノン
F-7:乳酸エチル
F-8:γ-ブチロラクトン
F-9:プロピレンカーボネート
使用した界面活性剤を以下に示す。
H-1:メガファックF176(DIC(株)製、フッ素系界面活性剤)
H-2:メガファックR08(DIC(株)製、フッ素及びシリコン系界面活性剤)
H-3:PF656(OMNOVA社製、フッ素系界面活性剤)
プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(47g)を窒素気流下にて80℃に加熱した。この液を攪拌しながら、下記式M-19で表されるモノマーのプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート50質量%溶液(42g)、下記式M-80で表されるモノマー(31g)、下記式M-31で表されるモノマー(48g)、シクロヘキサノン(170g)、及び2,2’-アゾビスイソ酪酸ジメチル〔V-601、富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製〕(10.7g)の混合溶液を6時間かけて滴下し、反応液を得た。滴下終了後、反応液を80℃にて更に2時間攪拌した。得られた反応液を放冷後、多量のヘプタンと酢酸エチルの混合溶剤(ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=9:1、質量比)で再沈殿した後、ろ過し、得られた固体を真空乾燥することで、樹脂A-1を83g得た。
表6~8に示す成分を固形分濃度が2.0質量%になるように混合した。次いで、得られた混合液を、最初に孔径50nmのポリエチレン製フィルター、次に孔径10nmのナイロン製フィルター、最後に孔径5nmのポリエチレン製フィルターの順番で通液させて濾過して、レジスト組成物(Re-1~Re-71、Re-1R~Re-3R)を調製した。
なお、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。得られたレジスト組成物を、実施例及び比較例で使用した。
表6~8中、「量」欄は、各成分の、レジスト組成物中の全固形分に対する含有量(質量%)を示す。
[パターン形成]
〔EUV露光、有機溶剤現像〕
直径12インチのシリコンウエハ上に下層膜形成用組成物AL412(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚20nmの下層膜を形成した。その上に、表9~10に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対して、得られるパターンの平均ライン幅が18nmになるようにパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=18nmであり、かつ、ライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、酢酸n-ブチルで30秒間現像し、これをスピン乾燥してネガ型のパターンを得た。
<欠陥評価(欠陥抑制性)>
前述の方法で得られたパターンを、UVision5(AMAT社製)及びSEMVisionG4(AMAT社製)を使用して、シリコンウエハ1枚当たりの欠陥数を数えて、以下の評価基準に従って、評価した。欠陥数が少ないほど欠陥抑制性が良好である。結果を表9~10に示す。
A:欠陥数が50個以下
B:欠陥数が50個超100個以下
C:欠陥数が100個超200個以下
D:欠陥数が200個超300個以下
E:欠陥数が300個超400個以下
F:欠陥数が400個超500個以下
G:欠陥数が500個超
<ラインウィズスラフネス(LWR)性能>
前述の方法で得られたパターンを測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380II))を使用してパターン上部から観察した。パターンの線幅を250箇所で観測し、その標準偏差(σ)を求めた。線幅の測定ばらつきを3σで評価し、3σの値をLWR(nm)とした。LWRの値が小さいほどLWR性能が良好である。結果を表9~10に示す。
〔EUV露光、アルカリ水溶液現像〕
直径12インチのシリコンウエハ上に下層膜形成用組成物AL412(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚20nmの下層膜を形成した。その上に、表11~12に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対して、得られるパターンの平均ライン幅が18nmになるようにパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=18nmであり、かつ、ライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド水溶液(2.38質量%)で30秒間現像し、次いで純水で30秒間リンスした。その後、これをスピン乾燥してポジ型のパターンを得た。
得られたポジ型のパターンを用いて、前述と同様に、欠陥抑制性、及びLWR性能の評価を行った。
結果を表11~12に示す。
本出願は、2021年7月21日出願の日本特許出願(特願2021-121042)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (18)
- ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)及び溶剤を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物を含有する、請求項1に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂(A)が、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂(A)が、ラクトン基、及び環状カーボネート基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂(A)が、フェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂(A)が、下記一般式(2)、(3)及び(4)のいずれかで表される重合性化合物の重合性基が重合して形成された繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(2)中、
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Xaはハロゲン原子、水酸基又は有機基を表す。Xaが複数存在する場合、複数のXaは同一であっても異なってもよい。
m1は1以上、(5+2k)以下の整数を表す。
m2は0以上、(5+2k-m1)以下の整数を表す。
kは0以上の整数を表す。
*はそれぞれ一般式(2)中に記載されている芳香族炭化水素に結合する結合手を表す。
一般式(3)中、
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
W1はラクトン構造を有する基を表す。
m3は1以上の整数を表す。
一般式(4)中、
Z1は重合性基を有する基を表す。
E1は単結合又は連結基を表す。
Rx4及びRx5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は有機基を表す。
Rx4及びRx5が結合して環を形成してもよい。 - 前記樹脂(A)に加えて、更に、前記樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂を含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂(A)の含有量が、前記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の全固形分に対して、10.0質量%以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する樹脂(A)及び溶剤を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法であって、
前記樹脂(A)の溶液を、有機溶剤(Y)を含む貧溶媒に添加して前記樹脂(A)の沈殿を生じさせる工程を含む、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法。 - 前記有機溶剤(Y)のClogP値が1.4以上である、請求項10に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を形成する工程と、
前記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を露光する工程と、
現像液を用いて、前記露光された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程と、を有するパターン形成方法。 - 請求項13に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
- ペンタフルオロスルファニル基を有する繰り返し単位、及び酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を含む樹脂。
- ラクトン基を有する繰り返し単位、環状カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位、及びフェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、請求項15に記載の樹脂。
- 前記樹脂の溶液を、有機溶剤(Y)を含む貧溶媒に添加して前記樹脂の沈殿を生じさせる工程を含む、請求項15又は16に記載の樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶剤(Y)のClogP値が1.4以上である、請求項17に記載の樹脂の製造方法。
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