WO2023080427A1 - Pemfc 전해질막용 내구성 향상제, 이를 포함하는 pemfc용 복합 전해질막 및 pemfc용 막-전극 접합체 - Google Patents
Pemfc 전해질막용 내구성 향상제, 이를 포함하는 pemfc용 복합 전해질막 및 pemfc용 막-전극 접합체 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023080427A1 WO2023080427A1 PCT/KR2022/013804 KR2022013804W WO2023080427A1 WO 2023080427 A1 WO2023080427 A1 WO 2023080427A1 KR 2022013804 W KR2022013804 W KR 2022013804W WO 2023080427 A1 WO2023080427 A1 WO 2023080427A1
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- electrolyte
- electrolyte layer
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- composite
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1051—Non-ion-conducting additives, e.g. stabilisers, SiO2 or ZrO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high durability improver that suppresses chemical degradation of an electrolyte membrane of a membrane-electrode assembly for a PEMFC, a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC, and a membrane-electrode assembly prepared by applying the same.
- a fuel cell is a power generation system that directly converts chemical energy generated by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel (hydrogen or methanol) and an oxidizing agent (oxygen) into electrical energy.
- Fuel cells can be used by selecting and using high-temperature and low-temperature fuel cells depending on the application field, and are generally classified according to the type of electrolyte.
- MCFC Metal Organic Fuel Cell
- AFC Alkaline Fuel Cell
- PEMFC Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
- the double polymer electrolyte fuel cell is divided into a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) that uses hydrogen gas as fuel and direct methanol that uses liquid methanol directly supplied to the anode as fuel.
- PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cells are in the limelight as portable, vehicle, and home power devices due to their advantages such as a low operating temperature of less than 100° C., exclusion of leakage problems due to the use of solid electrolytes, fast start-up and response characteristics, and excellent durability.
- a high-output fuel cell with a high current density compared to other types of fuel cells research into portable fuel cells continues to be conducted because it can be miniaturized.
- the unit cell structure of such a fuel cell has a structure in which an anode (fuel electrode) and a cathode (oxygen electrode) are coated on both sides of an electrolyte membrane composed of a polymer material, which is called a membrane-electrode assembly. Electrode Assembly, MEA).
- the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is a part in which an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen occurs, and is composed of a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte membrane, that is, an ion conductive electrolyte membrane (eg, a hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte membrane).
- This membrane-electrode assembly has a form in which the electrode catalyst layers of the anode and cathode are coated on both sides of the ion conductive electrolyte membrane, and the material constituting the electrode catalyst layer is Pt (platinum) or Pt-Ru (platinum-ruthenium). It is a form in which the catalyst material of is supported on a carbon carrier.
- Membrane-electrode assembly which can be seen as a key part of the electrochemical reaction of fuel cells, uses an ion conductive electrolyte membrane and platinum catalyst, which have a high cost ratio, and is directly related to power production efficiency, so fuel cells It is considered as the most important part to improve the performance and price competitiveness of the product.
- a conventional method for manufacturing a commonly used MEA is to prepare a paste by mixing a catalyst material, a hydrogen ion conductive binder, that is, a fluorine-based Nafion Ionomer, and a water and/or alcohol solvent, This is coated on carbon cloth or carbon paper, which serves as both an electrode support for the catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer, and then dried and thermally bonded to the hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte membrane.
- the activation polarization must be reduced by increasing the area of the triple phase boundary where the supplied fuel, catalyst, and ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane meet, and the interface between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer It is necessary to uniformly bond the interface between the gas diffusion layer and the gas diffusion layer to reduce ohmic polarization at the interface.
- the interface bonding between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane and the interface between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer are weakened and separated from each other.
- performance degradation of the fuel cell may be caused.
- the thickness of the electrolyte membrane In order to shorten the transit time of hydrogen ions, etc., the thickness of the electrolyte membrane must be reduced. To this end, there is a method of thinning the thickness of the porous support constituting the electrolyte membrane. Not only this greatly decreases, but there is a problem of poor economics and commerciality due to a high defect rate during the manufacture of the support, and in particular, there is a problem of poor durability of the electrolyte membrane.
- a primary antioxidant with a radical scavenger function and a secondary antioxidant with a hydrogen peroxide decomposer function (Secondary Antioxidant) ) is mixed and applied to the electrolyte membrane, but it is known that the use of such a primary antioxidant increases the antioxidant property, but causes a decrease in the long-term stability of the electrolyte membrane (S. Schlick et al., J. Phys Chem. C, 120, 6885 - 6890 (2016); S. Deshpande et al., Appl. Phys.
- the present invention was devised in view of the above points, and developed a high durability enhancer for PEMFC electrolyte membranes that can serve not only as a primary antioxidant by combining with a specific material, but also as a secondary antioxidant at the same time, and made it into a thin film. It is intended to provide a composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC in which the electrolyte membrane is combined with a multilayer structure, a membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC using the same, and a durability improver applied thereto.
- the present invention for solving the above problems relates to a durability improver for a PEMFC electrolyte membrane, and includes platinum (Pt) and a carrier carrying the platinum, wherein the carrier is CeO 2 , GDC (Gd doped Ceria), IrO 2, SnO 2 and It includes at least one selected from Ti 4 O 7 .
- the platinum is a nano-sized platinum powder, and the platinum powder may be bonded to and integrated with the surface of the carrier.
- the GDC is a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and gadolinium (Gd) may be doped in a ceria lattice.
- x is an integer that satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3
- y is an oxygen vacancy value that makes the compound electrically neutral, and is an integer that satisfies 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.25.
- it may include 0.01 to 6.00% by weight of the platinum and the balance of the carrier.
- the particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum powder is 0.1 to 50 nm, and the particle size (D 50 ) of the carrier may be 10 to 2,000 nm.
- the durability improver may have a BET specific surface area of 10 to 500 m 2 /g.
- the support is CeO 2
- 0.01 to 6.00 wt% of platinum particles may be included in the total weight of the high durability improver.
- the support is IrO 2
- 0.01 to 4.5 wt% of platinum particles may be included in the total weight of the high durability improver.
- the support is SnO 2
- 0.01 to 3.00 wt% of platinum particles may be included in the total weight of the high durability improver.
- the support when it is Ti 4 O 7 , it may include 0.01 to 5.50 wt% of platinum particles based on the total weight of the high durability improver.
- the high durability improver of the present invention may include two or more of the above composites, the cerium-based composite including the platinum particles and CeO 2 supporting the platinum particles as a support; and a non-cerium-based composite comprising the platinum particles and a support, wherein the support of the non-cerium-based composite is IrO 2 , SnO 2 and At least one selected from Ti 4 O 7 may be included.
- the high durability improver of the present invention may include the cerium-based composite and the non-cerium-based composite in a weight ratio of 1:0.1 to 50.
- the high durability improver of the present invention is the cerium-based composite; and a gadolidium-based composite including platinum (Pt) particles and a Gd doped Ceria (GDC) carrier represented by Chemical Formula 1 carrying the platinum particles.
- Pt platinum
- GDC Gd doped Ceria
- the high durability improver of the present invention is the cerium-based composite; and a gadolidium-based composite; may be included in a weight ratio of 1:0.05 to 10.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC containing the durability improver described above.
- the electrolyte membrane for PEMFC may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte membrane for PEMFC may be a composite electrolyte membrane.
- the composite electrolyte membrane may have a structure in which a first electrolyte layer, a first support layer, and a second electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked.
- the composite electrolyte membrane may have a multilayer structure in which a first electrolyte layer, a first support layer, a second electrolyte layer, a second support layer, and a third electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked.
- the third support layer formed on one surface of the third electrolyte layer; and a fourth electrolyte layer formed on one surface of the third support layer.
- At least one layer selected from among the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, and the third electrolyte layer and/or the fourth electrolyte layer may include the above-described high durability improver.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC includes a first electrolyte layer and a second electrolyte layer, the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer include the high durability improver, and the first electrolyte layer
- the content of the high durability improver in the layer and the content of the high durability improver in the second electrolyte layer may be in a weight ratio of 1:0.05 to 1.00.
- At least one layer selected from among the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer may include the high durability improver and the ionomer.
- At least one layer selected from among the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer may further include a cerium (Ce)-based radical scavenger.
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer, and/or the fourth electrolyte layer includes at least one selected from perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer and hydrocarbon-based ionomer can do.
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer, and/or the fourth electrolyte layer contains CeZnO, CeO 2 , Ru, Ag, and RuO 2 in addition to the high durability improver.
- a radical scavenger containing at least one selected from 3 ⁇ 3H 2 O may be further included.
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer, and/or the fourth electrolyte layer may further include at least one selected from hollow silica and a moisture absorbent. .
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer and / or the fourth electrolyte layer of the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC independently includes the high durability improver, but the electrolyte layer
- the content of the high durability improver may be configured to have a gradient in which the content decreases based on the cathode electrode.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC is formed between the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer and the third electrolyte layer, and the third electrolyte layer and the fourth electrolyte layer.
- a support layer is formed; or, in the composite electrolyte membrane, only one of the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer and the third electrolyte layer, or the third electrolyte layer and the fourth electrolyte layer is formed. ; may have been.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC may have an average thickness of 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer and/or the fourth electrolyte layer may have a thickness of 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- each of the first support layer, the second support layer and/or the third support layer may have a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- each of the first support layer, the second support layer, and/or the third support layer is a PTFE porous support having an average pore size of 0.080 to 0.200 ⁇ m and an average porosity of 60 to 90%.
- PTFE porous support having an average pore size of 0.080 to 0.200 ⁇ m and an average porosity of 60 to 90%.
- the composite electrolyte membrane has a structure in which a first electrolyte layer, a first support layer, and a second electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked, the following condition (1) may be satisfied.
- a 1 represents the thickness of the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 represents the thickness of the second electrolyte layer
- B 1 represents the thickness of the first support layer
- the composite electrolyte membrane is obtained by sequentially stacking the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer, and the second electrolyte layer in the anode direction to the cathode direction when a membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC is applied.
- An electrolyte membrane, and the composite electrolyte membrane may satisfy the following condition (2).
- a 1 represents the content of the durability improver in the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 represents the content of the durability improver in the second electrolyte layer.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC may satisfy both the following conditions (3) and (4).
- a 1 is the thickness of the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 is the thickness of the second electrolyte layer
- a 3 is the thickness of the third electrolyte layer
- B 1 is the thickness of the first support layer represents the thickness
- B 2 represents the thickness of the second support layer.
- the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer, the second electrolyte layer, the second support layer and the third support layer are formed from the anode to the cathode.
- a composite electrolyte membrane in which electrolyte layers are sequentially stacked, and the composite electrolyte membrane may satisfy the following condition (5) or condition (6).
- a 1 is the content of the durability improver in the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 is the content of the durability improver in the second electrolyte layer
- a 3 is the content of the durability improver in the third electrolyte layer
- the composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC of the present invention may satisfy the following condition (3).
- a 1 is the thickness of the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 is the thickness of the second electrolyte layer
- a 3 is the thickness of the third electrolyte layer
- B 1 is the thickness of the first support layer
- B 2 represents the thickness of the second support layer.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC of the present invention may satisfy the following condition (4).
- a 1 represents the thickness of the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 represents the thickness of the second electrolyte layer
- a 3 represents the thickness of the third electrolyte layer.
- a membrane-electrode assembly for a PEMFC including a composite electrolyte membrane containing the high durability enhancer, comprising: an anode (oxidation electrode); The composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC; and cathode (reduction electrode); can include
- the high durability improver of the present invention not only acts as an antioxidant, which is a radical scavenger effect, but also acts as an antioxidant that reduces gas permeability, the durability improvement effect of the electrolyte membrane is excellent without adding a separate radical scavenger, The step of adding a radical scavenger may be omitted when manufacturing the electrolyte membrane.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC prepared by introducing the high durability improver of the present invention has a thin thickness, excellent durability and dimensional stability, high tensile strength, and excellent performance, so it has excellent long-term stability and high efficiency.
- a membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC, and a fuel cell incorporating it can be manufactured.
- FIG. 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a membrane-electrode assembly for a PEMFC according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Example 6 is a graph of OCV measurement results of Example 1, Examples 3 and 4, and Comparative Example 1 conducted in Experimental Example 1;
- the durability improver for a PEMFC electrolyte membrane of the present invention serves to increase durability of the electrolyte membrane by preventing degradation of the electrolyte membrane due to radicals generated during PEMFC operation.
- the durability improver of the present invention is in the form of a powder of a composite type, and includes platinum (Pt) and a carrier carrying the platinum.
- the composite-type durability enhancer of the present invention simultaneously performs the radical scavenger function, which is the primary antioxidant function, and the hydrogen peroxide decomposition function, which is the secondary antioxidant function, and also decomposes gas and / or gas barrier (barrier ) function, it can also perform the function of electron conductor.
- the high durability enhancer includes 0.01 to 6.00% by weight of platinum particles and the balance of the carrier, preferably 0.01 to 5.50% by weight of platinum particles and the balance of the carrier, more preferably 0.10 to 5.00% by weight of platinum particles and A residual amount of the carrier may be included.
- the platinum particle content of the total weight of the high durability improver is less than 0.01% by weight, the radical scavenging function is insufficient, and thus the deterioration prevention effect may be reduced. Since deterioration prevention efficiency may decrease, it is recommended to use it within the above range.
- the high durability improver of the present invention is integrated with nano-sized platinum particles bonded to the surface of the carrier.
- platinum particles may be bonded by depositing them on the surface of the carrier.
- the particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particles is 0.1 to 50 nm, preferably 0.1 to 30 nm, and more preferably 3.0 to 20.0 nm. At this time, if the particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particle is 0.1 nm or less, it may be difficult to handle and difficult to manufacture a high durability improver, and if the particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particle exceeds 50 nm, the reaction area decreases and There may be a problem with platinum particles agglomeration.
- the support is CeO 2 , GDC (Gd doped Ceria), IrO 2 , SnO 2 and At least one selected from Ti 4 O 7 may be included.
- CeO 2 , GDC, IrO 2 , SnO 2 , Ti 4 O 7 is a catalytic material with a good oxygen generation reaction, and has excellent stability and high electrical conductivity in the case of supports used in a high voltage acidic environment, and is a stable material in a high voltage acidic environment. can play a role in increasing
- it is a material specialized for preventing corrosion of carbon by decomposing water when reverse voltage occurs due to lack of fuel during fuel cell operation, and it is a material that prevents water in the electrode from blocking pores or turning the fuel cell on or off. In this situation, a special situation occurs when fuel supply is insufficient, and at this time, CeO 2 , IrO 2 , SnO 2 , Ti 4 O 7 can serve to increase the durability and stability of the fuel cell.
- GDC Gad-doped Ceria
- Gd gadolinium
- x is an integer that satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.25, more preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.20, and y is an oxygen vacancy value that makes the compound electrically neutral. , which is an integer that satisfies 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.25.
- the durability improver of the present invention is integrated with nano-sized platinum powder bonded to the surface of the carrier.
- platinum powder may be bonded by depositing it on the surface of the carrier.
- the optimum content of platinum particles in the high durability improver may be slightly different depending on the type of carrier.
- the content of platinum particles may be 0.01 to 6.00 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 5.5 wt %, and more preferably 0.5 to 5.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the high durability improver.
- the content of platinum particles in the total weight of the high durability improver may be 0.01 to 4.50 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 3.5 wt%, and more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 wt%.
- the content of platinum particles based on the total weight of the high durability improver may be 0.01 to 3.00 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, and more preferably 0.3 to 2.0 wt%.
- the content of platinum particles based on the total weight of the high durability improver may be 0.01 to 5.50 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 4.5 wt%, and more preferably 0.5 to 3.5 wt%.
- the high durability improver of the present invention may use a single type of composite (platinum particles + carrier), or use two types of composites to improve durability equal to or better than a single type of composite while using less or the same amount. can also be obtained.
- the high durability improver of the present invention may include two or more of the above composites, and may include a cerium-based composite and a non-cerium-based composite, preferably a cerium-based composite and a non-cerium-based composite. : 0.1 to 50 may be included in a weight ratio.
- the high durability enhancer may include two or more of the above composites, and may include a cerium-based composite and a gadolidium-based carrier composite, preferably a cerium-based composite and a gadolidium-based composite. 1: may be included in a weight ratio of 0.05 to 10.
- the cerium-based composite refers to a composite including the platinum particles and CeO 2 supporting the platinum particles as a support
- the non-cerium-based composite includes the platinum particles and IrO 2 , SnO 2 and Ti 4 O 7 refers to a composite including a support containing at least one selected from among.
- the GDC composite means a composite including platinum (Pt) particles and a GDC (Gd doped Ceria) carrier represented by Formula 1 carrying the platinum particles.
- the carrier may have a particle size (D 50 ) of 10 to 2,000 nm, preferably 10 to 1,000 nm, more preferably 50 to 800 nm, and even more preferably 50 to 650 nm. .
- the particle size (D 50 ) of the carrier is 10 nm or less, it may be difficult to attach the platinum particle size, and if the particle size (D 50 ) of the carrier exceeds 2,000 nm, there may be a problem in that the reaction area decreases. there is.
- the high durability improver of the present invention may have a BET surface area of 10 to 500 m 2 /g, preferably 80 to 400 m 2 /g, and more preferably 90 to 250 m 2 /g.
- the electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC of the present invention may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and an example of a multi-layer structure may be a composite electrolyte membrane as follows.
- the electrolyte layer of each layer of the composite electrolyte membrane may be formed with the electrolyte membrane forming solution, or may be formed with an electrolyte membrane forming solution having a different configuration.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) of the present invention has a structure in which a first electrolyte layer 21, a first support layer 11, and a second electrolyte layer 22 are sequentially stacked. And, at least one layer of the first electrolyte layer and / or the second electrolyte layer may include the durability improver described above.
- At least one layer selected from among the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer may further include a cerium (Ce)-based radical scavenger.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC is an electrolyte membrane in which the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer, and the second electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked from the anode to the cathode when the membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC is applied, and the following conditions ( A durability improver may be included in the electrolyte layer to satisfy 2), and since the role and effect of the durability improver are greater at the cathode than at the anode, satisfying the following condition (2) is the PEMFC membrane-electrode assembly.
- a 1 represents the content of the durability improver in the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 represents the content of the durability improver in the second electrolyte layer.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) of the present invention includes a first electrolyte layer 21, a first support layer 11, a second electrolyte layer 22, and a second support.
- the layer 12 and the third electrolyte layer 23 may have a sequentially stacked structure.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention includes a first electrolyte layer 21, a first support layer 11 formed on one surface of the first electrolyte layer 21, and a first support layer 11 formed on one surface. It may include a second electrolyte layer 22, a second support layer 12 formed on one surface of the second electrolyte layer 22, and a third electrolyte layer 23 formed on one surface of the second support layer 12. Also, at least one of the first to third electrolyte layers may include the above-described durability improver.
- a first electrolyte layer, a first support layer, a second electrolyte layer, a second support layer, and a third electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked from the anode direction to the cathode direction. It is a composite electrolyte membrane and may satisfy the following condition (5) or condition (6), and satisfying the following condition (5) or (6) is advantageous in terms of optimizing the durability improver effect of the PEMFC membrane-electrode assembly.
- a 1 is the content of the durability improver in the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 is the content of the durability improver in the second electrolyte layer
- a 3 is the content of the durability improver in the third electrolyte layer
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention includes a first electrolyte layer 21, a first support layer 11, a second electrolyte layer 22, a second support layer 12, a third
- the electrolyte layer 23, the third support layer 13, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 may have a sequentially stacked structure.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention includes a first electrolyte layer 21, a first support layer 11 formed on one surface of the first electrolyte layer 21, and a first support layer 11 formed on one surface.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention includes a fifth electrolyte layer 25, a fourth support layer 14, a first electrolyte layer 21, a first support layer 11, a second
- the electrolyte layer 22, the second support layer 12, the third electrolyte layer 23, the third support layer 13, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 may have a sequentially stacked structure.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention includes a fifth electrolyte layer 25, a fourth support layer 14 formed on one surface of the fifth electrolyte layer 25, and a first layer formed on one surface of the fourth support layer 14.
- the fourth support layer 13 may be the same as the first support layer 11, the second support layer 12, and/or the third support layer 13 described above, and the fifth electrolyte layer 25 ) may be the same as the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23, and/or the fourth electrolyte layer 24 described above.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC is formed with only one support layer of the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer and the third electrolyte layer, or the third electrolyte layer and the fourth electrolyte layer.
- the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22 formed on one surface of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer 22 may include a support layer 11 formed on one surface, a third electrolyte layer 23 formed on one surface of the support layer 11, and a fourth electrolyte layer 24 formed on one surface of the third electrolyte layer 23 .
- Each of the first support layer, the second support layer, and the third support layer of the present invention may use a general porous support used in the art, preferably PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) having specific physical properties manufactured by the following manufacturing method A porous support may be included.
- PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
- the PTFE porous support of the present invention includes a 1-1 step of preparing a paste by mixing and stirring PTFE powder and a lubricant; 1-2 steps of aging the paste; Steps 1 to 3 of extruding and rolling the aged paste to produce an unsintered tape; Steps 1 to 4 of drying the unsintered tape and then removing the liquid lubricant; Steps 1-5 of uniaxially stretching the unsintered tape from which the lubricant has been removed; Steps 1-6 of biaxially stretching the uniaxially stretched unsintered tape; It can be manufactured by performing a process including; and steps 1-7 of firing.
- the paste may include 15 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 15 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the PTFE powder.
- the lubricant is less than 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the PTFE powder, the porosity may be lowered when forming the porous PTFE support by the biaxial stretching process described later, and when the lubricant is greater than 35 parts by weight, the size of the pores when forming the porous PTFE support is reduced. As it grows, the strength of the support may be weakened.
- the average particle diameter of the PTFE powder is 300 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m. Preferably, it may be 450 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
- the lubricant is a liquid lubricant, and various alcohols, ketones, esters, etc. can be used in addition to hydrocarbon oils such as liquid paraffin, naphtha, white oil, toluene, and xylene, and preferably selected from liquid paraffin, naphtha, and white oil One or more types may be used.
- the aging of the first and second steps is a preforming process, and the paste may be aged at a temperature of 30 to 70 ° C for 12 to 24 hours, preferably at a temperature of 35 to 60 ° C for 16 to 20 hours. can mature during When the aging temperature is less than 35° C. or the aging time is less than 12 hours, the lubricant coating on the surface of the PTFE powder becomes non-uniform, and thus the stretching uniformity of the porous PTFE support may be limited during biaxial stretching described later. In addition, when the aging temperature exceeds 70° C. or the aging time exceeds 24 hours, there may be a problem in that the pore size of the porous PTFE support after the biaxial stretching process becomes too small due to evaporation of the lubricant.
- the aged paste is compressed in a compressor to produce a PTFE block, and then the PTFE block is subjected to a pressure of 0.069 to 0.200 Ton/cm 2 , preferably 0.090 to 0.175 Ton/cm. It can be carried out by pressure extrusion at a pressure of 2 .
- the pore size of the porous support may increase and the strength of the porous support may be weakened, and when the pressure exceeds 0.200 Ton/cm 2 , the pore size of the porous support after the biaxial stretching process may decrease. There may be a problem that becomes small.
- the rolling of the first to third steps may be performed as a calendering process at 50 to 100 ° C. with a hydraulic pressure of 5 to 10 MPa.
- the hydraulic pressure is less than 5 MPa, the pore size of the porous support may increase and the strength of the porous support may be weakened, and when the hydraulic pressure exceeds 10 MPa, there may be a problem in that the pore size of the porous support becomes small.
- drying in steps 1 to 4 can be performed through a general drying method used in the art.
- an unsintered tape manufactured by rolling is dried at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. at 1 to 5 M/min. It can be carried out while being transferred to the conveyor belt at a speed, preferably at a temperature of 140 to 190 ° C. and at a speed of 2 to 4 M / min.
- the drying temperature is 100 ° C or lower or the drying rate exceeds 5 M / min, bubbles may be generated during the stretching process due to non-evaporation of the lubricant, and when the drying temperature is 200 ° C or higher or the drying rate is 1 M / min. If it is less than min, the stiffness of the dried tape may increase and slip may occur during the stretching process.
- the uniaxial stretching of steps 1 to 5 is a process of stretching the unsintered tape from which the lubricant has been removed in the longitudinal direction, and uniaxial stretching is performed using a speed difference between rollers when transporting through rollers. .
- the unsintered tape from which the lubricant is removed is stretched in the longitudinal direction by 3 to 10 times, preferably by 6 to 9.5 times, more preferably by 6.2 to 9.0 times, and even more preferably by 6.3 to 8.2 times. good to do
- the uniaxial stretching ratio is less than 3 times, sufficient mechanical properties cannot be secured, and if the uniaxial stretching ratio exceeds 10 times, the mechanical properties may rather decrease and the pores of the support may become too large.
- uniaxial stretching is performed at a stretching temperature of 260 to 350 ° C. and a stretching rate of 6 to 12 M (meter) / min, preferably at a stretching temperature of 270 to 330 ° C. and a stretching rate of 8 to 11.5 M / min. If the stretching temperature is less than 260 ° C or the stretching speed is less than 6 M / min during uniaxial stretching, the load on the dry sheet increases and there may be a problem in that the plastic section occurs. When the temperature exceeds 350° C. or the stretching speed exceeds 12 M/min, slip may occur during the uniaxial stretching process, resulting in reduced thickness uniformity.
- stretching is performed in the width direction (direction perpendicular to uniaxial stretching) of the uniaxially stretched unsintered tape, and the width is widened in the transverse direction while the end is fixed.
- stretching may be performed according to a stretching method commonly used in the art.
- the biaxial stretching may be performed by 15 to 50 times in the width direction, preferably 25 to 45 times, more preferably 28 to 45 times, and even more preferably 29 to 42 times.
- the biaxial stretching ratio is 15 times or less, sufficient mechanical properties may not be secured, and even if it exceeds 50 times, mechanical properties are not improved, and the uniformity of physical properties in the longitudinal direction and / or width direction is deteriorated. Since there may be, it is preferable to perform stretching within the above range.
- biaxial stretching is performed at a stretching rate of 10 to 20 M/min at a stretching temperature of 150 to 260° C., preferably at a stretching rate of 11 to 18 M/min at a stretching temperature of 200 to 250° C. It is good, and if the biaxial stretching temperature is less than 150 °C or the stretching speed is less than 10 M / min, there may be a problem that the stretching uniformity in the transverse direction is lowered, and the biaxial stretching temperature exceeds 260 °C, or the stretching speed If exceeds 20 M / min, there may be a problem in that the physical properties are lowered due to the occurrence of an unfired section.
- steps 1-7 is performed at 350 to 450° C., preferably while moving the stretched porous support on a conveyor belt at a speed of 10 to 18 M/min, preferably 13 to 17 M/min.
- it may be performed by applying a temperature of 380 to 440 ° C., more preferably 400 to 435 ° C., through which the stretching ratio can be fixed and the strength improvement effect can be sought.
- the firing temperature is less than 350 ° C, the strength of the porous support may be lowered, and when it exceeds 450 ° C, there may be a problem in that the physical properties of the support are lowered due to a decrease in the number of fibrils due to over-firing.
- the PTFE porous support prepared by performing the steps 1-7 has a stretch ratio (or aspect ratio) of 1:3.00 to 8.5, preferably 1 in the uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) and biaxial direction (width direction). : 4.0 to 7.0, more preferably 1: 4.00 to 5.50, and even more preferably 1: 4.20 to 5.00, and it is high that the uniaxial and biaxial stretching ratios (or aspect ratios) are within the above range. It is preferable in terms of ensuring mechanical properties, proper pore size of the support, and proper current flow.
- the prepared PTFE porous support of the present invention may have an average pore size of 0.080 ⁇ m to 0.200 ⁇ m, preferably 0.090 ⁇ m to 0.180 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.095 ⁇ m to 0.150 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.100 to 0.140 ⁇ m. .
- the porous PTFE support of the present invention may have an average porosity of 60% to 90%, more preferably 60% to 79.6%.
- the average pore size of the PTFE porous support of the present invention is less than 0.080 ⁇ m or the porosity is less than 60%, when impregnated with an electrolyte to prepare an electrolyte membrane using the PTFE porous support, the degree of impregnation of the electrolyte in the PTFE porous support is limited can In addition, when the average pore size exceeds 0.200 ⁇ m or the porosity exceeds 90%, the structure of the porous PTFE support is deformed when impregnated with the electrolyte, and product life may deteriorate due to deterioration in dimensional stability.
- the PTFE porous support of the present invention may satisfy Equation 1 below for uniaxial modulus and biaxial modulus values.
- the PTFE porous support of the present invention may have a uniaxial (longitudinal) modulus of 40 MPa or more, preferably a uniaxial modulus of 50 MPa or more, more preferably Preferably, the uniaxial modulus may be 48 to 75 Mpa, more preferably 65 to 75 Mpa.
- the biaxial direction (width direction) modulus is 40 MPa or more, preferably the biaxial direction (width direction) modulus is 55 Mpa or more, more preferably 46 to 75 Mpa, still more preferably 55 to 75 Mpa can
- the PTFE porous support of the present invention may have a tensile strength of 40 MPa or more in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) and a tensile strength of 40 MPa or more in a biaxial direction (width direction), preferably 1
- the tensile strength in the axial direction may be 50 MPa or more, more preferably the tensile strength in the uniaxial direction may be 54 to 65 Mpa.
- the tensile strength in the biaxial direction may be 52 Mpa or more, and more preferably, the tensile strength in the biaxial direction may be 52 to 70 Mpa.
- each of the first support layer, the second support layer, and the third support layer of the present invention has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably a thickness of 1 to 7 ⁇ m, more preferably a thickness of 1 to 5 ⁇ m, More preferably, it may have a thickness of 1.5 to 4 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, there may be a problem in reducing tensile strength, and if the thickness exceeds 10 ⁇ m, There may be a disadvantageous problem of thinning.
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer, and/or the fourth electrolyte layer independently includes the high durability improver, but the content of the high durability improver may vary for each electrolyte layer.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for the PEMFC is sequentially stacked in the direction from the anode electrode to the cathode electrode, in which the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer, the second electrolyte layer, the second support layer and the third electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked.
- the content ratio of the high durability improver of the fourth electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, and the first electrolyte layer is 1: 0.1 to 0.99: 0 to 0.80: 0 to 0.70 weight ratio.
- a composite electrolyte membrane may be prepared by adjusting the content of the high durability improver as much as possible.
- each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23 and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 of the present invention is a perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer (PFSA ionomer) and a hydrocarbon It may include an ionomer comprising at least one selected from among group ionomers.
- PFSA ionomer perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer
- hydrocarbon may include an ionomer comprising at least one selected from among group ionomers.
- the perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer of the present invention may include at least one selected from Nafion, Flemion, aquivion, and Aciplex, and is preferably aquivion. ) may be included.
- the hydrocarbon-based ionomer may include at least one selected from polyarylene sulfone (PAES)-based, polyether-ether ketone (PEEK)-based, and polyimide (PI)-based.
- PAES polyarylene sulfone
- PEEK polyether-ether ketone
- PI polyimide
- the ionomer not only constitutes each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24, but also the first support layer 11 And / or may be included in the pores of the second support layer (12).
- each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 of the present invention may include a durability improver, and the durability improver A description thereof, including platinum (Pt) and a carrier carrying the platinum, is as described above.
- 0.01 to 20% by weight of the durability improver and the remaining amount of the ionomer may be included in the total weight of the electrolyte solution, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight of the durability improver. % and the remaining amount of the ionomer, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the durability improver and the remaining amount of the ionomer.
- the content of the durability improver is less than 0.01% by weight, the amount used is too small to prevent deterioration of the electrolyte layer (or electrolyte membrane). It is good to use it within the above range because a problem of lowering may occur.
- each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 is a radical scavenger for PEMFC in addition to the ionomer and durability improver. scavenger) may be further included.
- the radical scavenger for PEMFC of the present invention is a CeZnO metal oxide having a ZnO crystal structure doped with cerium ions by mixing a Ce precursor aqueous solution with a [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2- containing solution and performing a reduction reaction. It can be prepared by forming particles.
- ZnO crystal structure doped with Ce ions means that a crystal structure in which some of Zn atoms are substituted with Ce atoms is newly formed in a ZnO crystal structure having a wurtzite or the like crystal structure.
- a radical scavenger for PEMFC can be manufactured by performing a process including.
- the radical scavenger for PEMFC of the present invention is a metal oxide particle having a crystal structure composed of cerium (Ce) atoms, zinc (Zn) atoms, and oxygen (O) atoms.
- Ce cerium
- Zn zinc
- O oxygen
- some of the Zn atoms may have a crystal structure in which Ce atoms are substituted.
- the radical scavenger for PEMFC of the present invention is CeZnO, CeO 2 , Ru, Ag, RuO 2 , WO 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CePO 4 , CrPO 4 , AlPO 4 , FePO 4 , CeF 3 , FeF 3 , Ce 2 (CO 3 ) 3 8H 2 O, Ce(CHCOO) 3 H 2 O, CeCl 3 6H 2 O, Ce(NO 3 ) 6 6H 2 O, Ce(NH 4 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 6 , Ce(NH 4 ) 4 (SO 4 ) 4 ⁇ 4H 2 O, and Ce(CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ) 3 ⁇ 3H 2 O may include at least one selected from among.
- the radical scavenger for PEMFC of the present invention may include 12 to 91% by weight of Ce, 7 to 84.5% by weight of Zn, and a balance of O (oxygen atoms), preferably 13.40 to 89.20% by weight of Ce and Zn. 7.55 to 88.20% by weight and the balance of O (oxygen atom) may be included. And, it may further contain other unavoidable impurities.
- the radical scavenger of the present invention may have a particle size (D50) of 500 nm or less, preferably 300 nm or less, and more preferably 200 to 300 nm when analyzed with a DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) type nano particle size analyzer. .
- D50 particle size of 500 nm or less, preferably 300 nm or less, and more preferably 200 to 300 nm when analyzed with a DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) type nano particle size analyzer.
- each of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, the third electrolyte layer, and the fourth electrolyte layer of the present invention contains 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a radical scavenger for PEMFC based on 100 parts by weight of the perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer, preferably may include 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, if it is included in less than 0.001 parts by weight, there may be a problem with poor durability, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, durability is improved, but ion There may be a problem in that the performance of the composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention is deteriorated due to low conductivity.
- first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24, respectively, in addition to the ionomer and the high durability improver, are hollow silica and/or
- the described radical scavenger for PEMFC may be further included.
- the hollow silica may be spherical and have an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- the particle size means the diameter when the shape of the hollow silica is spherical, and when it is not spherical, it means the maximum distance among straight line distances from one arbitrary point to another point on the surface of the hollow silica.
- each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23, and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 of the present invention is at least one selected from zeolite, titania, zirconia, and montmorillonite.
- a moisture absorbent may be further included.
- each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23 and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 of the present invention has a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m. It may have a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, more preferably a thickness of 2 to 5 ⁇ m, and even more preferably a thickness of 2.5 to 4.5 ⁇ m, and if the thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, there may be a problem in that the tensile strength decreases, If it exceeds 10 ⁇ m, there may be a disadvantageous problem in thinning.
- each of the first electrolyte layer 21, the second electrolyte layer 22, the third electrolyte layer 23 and the fourth electrolyte layer 24 of the present invention has a -SO 3 H group equivalent (EW: equivalent) weight) is 1,100 or less, preferably 900 or less, more preferably 500 to 900, even more preferably 600 to 830, and still more preferably 680 to 750, and if the equivalent of -SO 3 H group If it exceeds 1,100, there may be a problem of performance deterioration.
- EW equivalent
- Equation 1 A represents the initial length of the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC, and B represents the length measured after leaving the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention shows a low rate of dimensional change not only in the MD direction but also in the TD direction, so that the dimensional stability is remarkably excellent.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention may have an average thickness of 5 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 7 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 18 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 12 to 16 ⁇ m, and thus have a thin thickness. It has excellent durability and dimensional stability, as well as high tensile strength and excellent performance.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC of the present invention may satisfy the following condition (1) when the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer, and the second electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked electrolyte membranes.
- a 1 represents the thickness of the first electrolyte layer
- a 2 represents the thickness of the second electrolyte layer
- B 1 represents the thickness of the first support layer
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention is a composite electrolyte membrane in which a first electrolyte layer, a first support layer, a second electrolyte layer, a second support layer, and a third electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked, the following condition (3) and (4) can both be satisfied.
- a 1 is the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 21
- a 2 is the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 22
- a 3 is the thickness of the third electrolyte layer 23
- B 1 is Represents the thickness of the first support layer 11
- a 1 is the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 21
- a 2 is the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 22
- a 3 is the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 21 3
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 23, B 2 represents the thickness of the second support layer 12.
- the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention does not satisfy both conditions (3) and (4), there may be a problem of deterioration in uniformity.
- condition (7) may satisfy the following range.
- Condition (7) 1.5 ⁇ condition (7) value ⁇ 12, preferably 1.5 ⁇ condition (7) value ⁇ 9, more preferably 2 ⁇ condition (7) value ⁇ 7, still more preferably 2.2 ⁇ condition (7) ) value ⁇ 5, even more preferably 2.5 ⁇ condition (7) value ⁇ 3.0
- a 1 is the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 21
- a 2 is the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 22
- a 3 is the thickness of the third electrolyte layer 23
- B 1 is The thickness of the first support layer 11, B 2 represents the thickness of the second support layer 12.
- condition (7) If the value of condition (7) is less than 1.5, there may be a problem in that the composite electrolyte membrane is not manufactured, and if it exceeds 12, there may be a problem in that durability is lowered.
- condition (8) condition (8):
- condition (8) 0.2 ⁇ condition (8) value ⁇ 10, preferably 0.5 ⁇ condition (8) value ⁇ 8, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ condition (8) value ⁇ 6, even more preferably 1.5 ⁇ condition ( 8) Value ⁇ 4
- a 1 represents the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 21
- a 2 represents the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 22
- a 3 represents the thickness of the third electrolyte layer 23.
- condition (8) If the value of condition (8) is less than 0.2, there may be a problem of deterioration in durability, and if it exceeds 10, there may be a problem of deterioration in performance.
- the method for manufacturing a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC of the present invention may perform a process including the first to fourth steps.
- a first support layer and a second support layer may be prepared, respectively.
- a PTFE (Poly tetra fluoro ethylene) porous support may be used as the first support layer and the second support layer, and the usable PTFE porous support is the same as the previously described PTFE porous support and manufacturing method.
- a first electrolyte layer may be formed on one surface of the first support layer prepared in the first step, and on one surface of the second support layer prepared in the first step.
- a third electrolyte layer may be formed.
- the ionomer mixture solution is applied to one surface of the first support layer, or one surface of the first support layer is impregnated with the ionomer mixture solution, and then dried.
- a first electrolyte layer may be formed.
- the third electrolyte layer may be formed by applying the ionomer mixture solution to one surface of the second support layer or impregnating one surface of the second support layer with the ionomer mixture solution and then drying it.
- the drying of the second step may be performed by applying heat of 60 to 200 ° C. for 1 minute to 30 minutes, respectively, or preferably by applying heat of 70 to 150 ° C. for 15 minutes to 25 minutes. At this time, if the drying temperature is less than 60 ° C, the liquid retention of the solution containing the ionomer impregnated in the first support layer and / or the second support layer may be reduced, and if it exceeds 200 ° C, the electrolyte membrane and / or membrane - Bondability with electrodes may deteriorate during manufacture of electrode assemblies.
- a second electrolyte layer may be formed on the other surface of the first support layer prepared in the first step.
- the third step is a process of forming a second electrolyte layer on the other surface of the first support layer on which the first electrolyte layer is formed, and the ionomer mixture solution is applied to the other surface of the first support layer or the other surface of the first support layer. After being impregnated with the ionomer mixed solution, it may be dried to form a second electrolyte layer.
- the drying in the third step may be performed by applying heat of 60 to 200° C. for 1 minute to 30 minutes, or preferably by applying heat of 70 to 150° C. for 5 minutes to 15 minutes. At this time, if the drying temperature is less than 60 ° C, the liquid retention of the ionomer mixed solution impregnated in the first support layer may deteriorate, and if it exceeds 200 ° C, the adhesion with the electrode during the manufacture of the electrolyte membrane and / or membrane-electrode assembly may deteriorate. It can be.
- the ionomer mixed solution in the second and third steps includes an ionomer containing at least one selected from perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer and hydrocarbon-based ionomer; And it may include the durability improver described above.
- the ionomer mixed solution may further include at least one selected from the aforementioned radical scavenger, hollow silica, and moisture absorbent.
- the second electrolyte layer is laminated on the other surface of the second support layer prepared in the first step, and heat treatment is performed to form the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer,
- a composite electrolyte membrane for a PEMFC of the present invention in which the second electrolyte layer, the second support layer, and the third electrolyte layer are sequentially stacked can be manufactured.
- the fourth step is a step of stacking and integrating a first support layer having a first electrolyte layer formed on one side and a second electrolyte layer formed on the other side, and a second support layer having a third electrolyte layer formed on one side,
- the second electrolyte layer and the second support layer formed on the other surface of the first support layer are stacked so as to contact each other, and heat-treated to sequentially form the first electrolyte layer, the first support layer, the second electrolyte layer, the second support layer, and the third electrolyte layer. It is possible to manufacture a composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC of the present invention laminated with.
- the heat treatment of the fourth step may be performed at 100 to 200 ° C for 1 minute to 20 minutes, preferably at 140 to 180 ° C for 1 minute to 15 minutes, and when the heat treatment temperature is less than 100 ° C or the heat treatment time is less than 1 minute
- the liquid retention properties of the first electrolyte layer, the second electrolyte layer, and/or the third electrolyte layer may be deteriorated, and when the heat treatment temperature exceeds 200° C., between the first, second, and third electrolyte layers and the first and second support layers
- the adhesiveness (combinability) of may be lowered.
- the volume of closed pores may be 85 vol% or more, preferably 90 vol% or more, based on the total pore volume.
- the membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC of the present invention includes an anode (oxidation electrode) 200, the above-mentioned composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC 100 of the present invention and a cathode (reduction electrode) ( 300).
- the membrane-electrode assembly (A in FIG. 5) includes an anode (oxidation electrode, 200) and a cathode (reduction electrode) positioned opposite to each other with a composite electrolyte membrane 100 interposed therebetween. , 300).
- the anode 200 includes an anode gas diffusion layer 3, an anode catalyst layer 2, and an anode electrode substrate 1
- the cathode 300 includes a cathode gas diffusion layer 4, a cathode catalyst layer 5, and a cathode electrode.
- a substrate 6 may be included.
- the anode 200 may be formed by sequentially stacking an anode gas diffusion layer 3, an anode catalyst layer 2, and an anode electrode substrate 1, and the anode gas diffusion layer 3 is a composite electrolyte membrane 200 It may be bonded to one side of.
- the cathode 300 may be formed by sequentially stacking the cathode gas diffusion layer 4, the cathode catalyst layer 5, and the cathode electrode substrate 6, and the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 is the composite electrolyte membrane 200. It may be bonded to the other side.
- the anode 200 of the membrane-electrode assembly (FIG. 5B) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an anode gas diffusion layer 3 and an anode electrode substrate 1, and the cathode 300 includes a cathode gas A diffusion layer 4 and a cathode electrode substrate 6 may be included.
- the anode electrode substrate may be composed of an anode catalyst electrode
- the cathode electrode substrate may be composed of a cathode catalyst electrode.
- the membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention may be formed by disposing the anode 200, the composite electrolyte membrane 100, and the cathode 300, respectively, and then fastening them, or by compressing them at high temperature and high pressure.
- the anode gas diffusion layer 3 may be formed by applying a gas diffusion layer forming material to one surface of the composite electrolyte membrane 100 or by coating a gas diffusion layer forming material to one surface of the anode electrode substrate 1 .
- the anode gas diffusion layer 3 may be provided to prevent rapid diffusion of fuel injected into the fuel cell and to prevent deterioration of ionic conductivity.
- the anode gas diffusion layer 3 can control the diffusion rate of fuel through heat treatment or electrochemical treatment.
- the anode gas diffusion layer 3 serves as a current conductor between the composite electrolyte membrane 100 for PEMFC and the anode catalyst layer 2, and becomes a passage for gas as a reactant and water as a product. Therefore, the anode gas diffusion layer 3 may have a porous structure with a porosity of 20% to 90% so that gas can pass through.
- the thickness of the anode gas diffusion layer 3 may be appropriately adopted as needed, and may be, for example, 100 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the anode gas diffusion layer 3 is 100 ⁇ m or less, electrical contact resistance between the anode catalyst layer 2 and the anode electrode substrate 1 increases, and the structure may become unstable due to compression. In addition, when the thickness of the anode gas diffusion layer 3 exceeds 400 ⁇ m, the movement of gas as a reactant may become difficult.
- the anode gas diffusion layer 3 may be formed of a carbon-based material and a fluorine-based resin.
- Carbon-based materials include graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Denka black, Kechen black, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, carbon nano rings, carbon nanowires, and fullerenes (C60). And it may include one or more selected from the group consisting of super P, but is not limited thereto.
- the fluorine-based resin polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the fuel may be a liquid fuel such as formic acid solution, methanol, formaldehyde, or ethanol.
- the anode catalyst layer 2 is a layer into which an oxidation catalyst is introduced, and the anode catalyst layer 2 may be formed by applying a catalyst layer forming material on the anode gas diffusion layer 3.
- a metal catalyst or a metal catalyst supported on a carbon-based support may be used as the material for forming the catalyst layer.
- one or more selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, and platinum-transition metal alloy may be used as the metal catalyst.
- the carbon-based support graphite (graphite), carbon black, acetylene black, Denka black, Ketcheon black, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanoring, carbon nano It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of wire, fullerene, and super P.
- the anode catalyst layer 2 may include a conductive support and an ion conductive binder (not shown).
- the anode catalyst layer 2 may include a main catalyst attached to a conductive support.
- the conductive support may be carbon black
- the ion conductive binder may be a Nafion ionomer or a sulfonated polymer.
- the main catalyst may be a metal catalyst, for example platinum (Pt).
- the anode catalyst layer 2 may be formed using an electroplating method, a spray method, a painting method, a doctor blade method, or a transfer method.
- the anode electrode substrate 1 may use a conductive substrate selected from the group consisting of carbon paper, carbon cloth, and carbon felt, but is not limited thereto, and all anode electrode materials applicable to polymer electrolyte fuel cells may be used. possible.
- the anode electrode substrate 1 may be formed on one surface of the anode catalyst layer 2 through a conventional deposition method, and after forming the anode catalyst layer 2 on the anode electrode substrate 1, the anode gas diffusion layer 3 ) It may be formed by placing the anode catalyst layer 2 and the anode electrode substrate 1 in contact with each other (see A in FIG. 5).
- an anode gas diffusion layer 3 may be formed on one surface of the anode electrode substrate 1 (see B in FIG. 5).
- the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 may be formed by applying a gas diffusion layer forming material to the other surface of the composite electrolyte membrane 100 or by applying a gas diffusion layer forming material to one surface of the cathode electrode substrate 6 .
- the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 may be provided to prevent rapid diffusion of gas injected into the cathode 300 and to uniformly distribute the gas injected into the cathode 300 .
- the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 serves as a current conductor between the composite electrolyte membrane 100 for PEMFC and the cathode catalyst layer 5, and becomes a passage for gas as a reactant and water as a product. Therefore, the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 may have a porous structure with a porosity of 20% to 90% so that gas can pass through.
- the thickness of the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 may be appropriately adopted as needed, and may be, for example, 100 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 is less than 100 ⁇ m, electrical contact resistance between the cathode catalyst layer 5 and the cathode electrode substrate 6 increases, and the structure may become unstable due to compression. In addition, when the thickness of the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 exceeds 400 ⁇ m, the movement of gas as a reactant may become difficult.
- the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 may be formed of a carbon-based material and a fluorine-based resin.
- Carbon-based materials include graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Denka black, Kechen black, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, carbon nano rings, carbon nanowires, and fullerenes (C60). And it may include one or more selected from the group consisting of super P, but is not limited thereto.
- the fluorine-based resin polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the fuel may be a liquid fuel such as formic acid solution, methanol, formaldehyde, or ethanol.
- the cathode catalyst layer 5 is a layer into which a reduction catalyst is introduced, and the cathode catalyst layer 5 may be formed by coating a catalyst layer forming material on the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 .
- a metal catalyst or a metal catalyst supported on a carbon-based support may be used as the material for forming the catalyst layer.
- one or more selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, and platinum-transition metal alloy may be used as the metal catalyst.
- the carbon-based support graphite (graphite), carbon black, acetylene black, Denka black, Ketcheon black, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanoring, carbon nano It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of wire, fullerene, and super P.
- the cathode catalyst layer 5 may include a conductive support and an ion conductive binder (not shown).
- the cathode catalyst layer 5 may include a main catalyst attached to the conductive support.
- the conductive support may be carbon black
- the ion conductive binder may be a Nafion ionomer or a sulfonated polymer.
- the main catalyst may be a metal catalyst, for example platinum (Pt).
- the cathode catalyst layer 5 may be formed using an electroplating method, a spray method, a painting method, a doctor blade method, or a transfer method.
- a conductive substrate selected from the group consisting of carbon paper, carbon cloth, and carbon felt may be used, but is not limited thereto, and any cathode electrode material applicable to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell may be used. possible.
- the cathode electrode substrate 6 may be formed on one side of the cathode catalyst layer 5 through a conventional deposition method, and after forming the cathode catalyst layer 5 on the cathode electrode substrate 6, the cathode gas diffusion layer 4 ) may be formed by disposing the cathode catalyst layer 5 and the cathode electrode substrate 6 in contact with each other (see A in FIG. 5).
- a cathode gas diffusion layer 4 may be formed on one surface of the cathode electrode substrate 6 (see B in FIG. 5).
- a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes at least one electricity generating unit generating electrical energy through an oxidation reaction of a fuel and a reduction reaction of an oxidizing agent, and supplying the aforementioned fuel to the electricity generating unit. It is configured to include a fuel supply unit for supplying an oxidizer and an oxidizer gap unit for supplying an oxidizer to the electricity generator.
- An electricity generator may be configured by including one or more membrane-electrode assemblies of the present invention, and having separators for supplying fuel and an oxidizer disposed at both ends of the membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention. At least one of these electricity generators may form a stack.
- the arrangement form or manufacturing method of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell of the present invention can be formed without limitation as long as it is applicable to the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, it can be applied in various ways with reference to the prior art.
- Example 1 Preparation of durability improver (Pt/GDC) and electrolyte film forming solution
- GDC represented by Formula 1-1 was prepared as a support by a method of obtaining a coprecipitate by dropping a mixed solution of a cerium precursor (cerium nitrate) and a gadolinium precursor (gadolinium nitrate) into an aqueous solution under certain environmental conditions.
- the particle size (D 50 ) of the carrier was 180 nm.
- x is 0.1
- y is an oxygen vacancy value that makes the compound electrically neutral, and is an integer satisfying 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.25.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier.
- a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier.
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared durability improver was 0.10% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum powder was about 17 nm.
- An electrolyte film forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5 wt % of the durability improver (Pt/GDC), 0.97 wt % of the radical scavenger (CeZnO), and the remaining amount of the ionomer.
- Example 2 Preparation of durability improver (Pt/GDC) and electrolyte film forming solution
- a durability improver was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, but using GDC represented by Chemical Formula 1-2 as a carrier.
- x is 0.2
- y is an oxygen vacancy value that makes the compound electrically neutral, and is an integer satisfying 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.25.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5% by weight of the durability improver (Pt/GDC) and the remaining amount of the ionomer using the same perfluorine sulfonic acid ionomer as in Example 1.
- Example 3 Preparation of Durability Improver (Pt/CeO 2 ) and Electrolyte Film Forming Solution
- CeO 2 having a particle size (D 50 ) of 177 nm was prepared as a support, and the same platinum precursor used in Example 1 was prepared.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier. It was deposited on to prepare an integrated durability improver (Pt/CeO 2 ).
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared durability improver was 0.10% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum powder was about 15 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5 wt % of the durability improver (Pt/CeO 2 ) and the remaining amount of the ionomer using the same perfluorine sulfonic acid ionomer as in Example 1.
- Example 4 Preparation of Durability Improver (Pt/IrO 2 ) and Electrolyte Film Forming Solution
- IrO 2 having a particle size (D 50 ) of 242 nm was prepared as a support, and the platinum precursor used in Example 1 was prepared.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier. It was deposited on to prepare an integrated durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 ).
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared durability improver was 0.10% by weight, and the average particle size (D50) of the platinum powder was about 25 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5 wt % of the durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 ) and the remaining amount of the ionomer using the same perfluorine sulfonic acid-based ionomer as in Example 1.
- the perfluorinesulfonic acid-based ionomo itself of Example 1 was prepared as an electrolyte membrane forming solution.
- the durability improver and the electrolyte membrane forming solution were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, but the electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by varying the durability improver or its content as shown in Table 1 below.
- each of the electrolyte membrane forming solutions prepared in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 2 to 6 was coated on the film, and then dried to prepare a single-layer electrolyte membrane having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- each of the electrolyte membranes prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was added to the Fenton solution, and then left at 80 ° C. for 120 hours, and then the fluorine ion release rate was measured. .
- the electrolyte membrane is degraded by the radicals of the Fenton solution to release fluorine ions (F - ), and durability was evaluated by measuring the concentration of fluorine ions in the Fenton solution, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1 OCV measurement graphs of Example 1, Examples 3 and 4, and Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIG. 6 .
- the electrolyte membrane of Comparative Example 1 exhibited a high fluoride ion release rate of about 15.1 umol/gh.
- a fluorine ion release rate of 2.45umol/gh was exhibited, and in Example 1 and Example 2 in which Pt/GDC and Pt/IrO 2 were applied as durability improvers.
- the fluorine ion release rate was 1.83umol/gh and 2.81umol/gh, and it was confirmed that the fluoride ion release rate significantly decreased as the durability improver was applied.
- Example 1 in Comparative Example 1 to which the high durability enhancer was not applied, the voltage drop occurred rapidly and the lifespan expired after 318 hours, and in the case of Example 3 (Pt/CeO 2 ), 914 hours or more, Example 1 (Pt/GDC) showed durability of 1,027 hours or more, and Example 4 (Pt/IrO 2 ) showed durability of 851 hours or more.
- Example 9-1 Preparation of high durability improver (Pt/CeO 2 composite) and electrolyte film forming solution
- Particle size (D 50 ) of 177 nm CeO 2 was prepared as a carrier.
- a process of inducing a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state is performed by preparing platinum in a precursor state, mixing the CeO 2 carrier therein, and using a reducing agent to obtain platinum nanoparticles.
- a high durability improver (Pt/CeO 2 composite) integrated by depositing on the surface of the carrier was prepared.
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared high durability enhancer was 0.10% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particles was about 5 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5 wt% of the high durability enhancer (Pt/CeO 2 composite) and the remaining amount of the ionomer.
- Electrolyte film forming solutions were prepared, respectively, and Examples 9-2 to 9-4 were carried out, respectively.
- Comparative Example 7-1 only CeO 2 was used as a durability improver without using platinum particles, and in Comparative Example 7-2, a high durability improver was prepared so that the platinum particles were 6.0% by weight.
- Example 10-1 Preparation of high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 composite) and electrolyte film forming solution
- IrO 2 having a particle size (D 50 ) of 242 nm was prepared as a support, and the platinum precursor used in Example 9-1 was prepared.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier. It was deposited on to prepare an integrated high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 composite).
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared high durability enhancer was 1.0% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particles was about 12 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5 wt% of the high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 composite) and the remaining amount of the ionomer using the same perfluorine sulfonic acid ionomer as in Example 9-1.
- a high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 composite) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10-1, but the platinum content was 0.1% by weight, and then the high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 composite) ) 0.5% by weight and the remaining amount of the ionomer was mixed to prepare an electrolyte membrane forming solution.
- Example 11-1 Preparation of high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 composite) and electrolyte film forming solution
- SnO 2 having a particle size (D 50 ) of 353 nm was prepared as a carrier, and the platinum precursor used in Example 9-1 was prepared.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier. It was deposited on to prepare an integrated high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 composite).
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared high durability enhancer was 1.0% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particles was about 9 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5% by weight of the high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 composite) and the remaining amount of the ionomer using the same perfluorine sulfonic acid ionomer as in Example 9-1.
- a high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 composite) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11-1, but the platinum content was 0.1% by weight, and then the high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 composite) ) 0.5% by weight and the remaining amount of the ionomer was mixed to prepare an electrolyte membrane forming solution.
- Example 12-1 Preparation of high durability improver (Pt/Ti 4 O 7 composite) and electrolyte film forming solution
- Ti 4 O 7 having a particle size (D 50 ) of 502 nm was prepared as a support, and the platinum precursor used in Example 1 was prepared.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier. It was deposited on to prepare an integrated high durability improver (Pt/Ti 4 O 7 composite).
- the content of the platinum nanoparticles in the prepared high durability enhancer was 1.0% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum particles was about 7 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing 0.5% by weight of the high durability improver (Pt/Ti 4 O 7 composite) and the remaining amount of the ionomer using the same perfluorine sulfonic acid ionomer as in Example 9-1.
- a high durability improver (Pt/Ti 4 O 7 composite) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12-2, but the platinum content was 0.1% by weight, and then the high durability improver (Pt/Ti 4 O 7 composite) and the remaining amount of the ionomer were mixed to prepare an electrolyte membrane forming solution.
- Example 9-1 The same electrolyte film forming solution as in Example 9-1 was prepared, but the content of the high durability improver was prepared to be 17.0% by weight.
- the high durability improver and the electrolyte membrane forming solution were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, but the electrolyte membrane forming solution was varied in the particle size of platinum, the particle size of the carrier or the content of the high durability improver in the high durability improver as shown in Table 1 below. were prepared respectively.
- each of the electrolyte membrane forming solutions prepared in Examples 9-1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 7-1 to 7-5 was coated on the film, and then dried to form an electrolyte membrane having a single layer structure with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m. each was prepared.
- control group in Table 4 below is an electrolyte membrane prepared without using a platinum catalyst or a carrier.
- Example 9-1 0.1 CeO 2 2.45 914
- Example 9-2 1.0 CeO 2 0.64 1305
- Example 9-3 3.0 CeO 2 0.78 1291
- Example 9-4 5.5 CeO 2 1.05 1327
- Example 10 1.0 IrO 2 1.15 1250
- Example 10-2 0.1 IrO 2 2.81 851
- Example 11-1 1.0 SnO 2 0.85 1286
- Example 11-2 0.1 SnO 2 2.51
- Example 12-2 0.1 Ti 4 O 7 2.55 921
- Example 13 1.0 CeO 2 0.64 1144 control group - - 15.10 318 Comparative Example 7-1 0 CeO 2 9.21 462 Comparative Example 7-2 6.0 CeO 2 1.13 1276 Comparative Example 7-3 1.0 CeO 2 3.41 683 Comparative Example 7-4 1.0 CeO 2 3.11 725 Comparative Example 7-5 1.0 CeO 2 0.72 1115
- Example 10-1 Using the same carrier as in Example 10-1, but varying the Pt particle content as shown in Table 5 below, to prepare a high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 ), and then use the same to prepare a high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 )
- a solution for forming an electrolyte membrane was prepared by mixing 0.5% by weight and the remaining amount of the ionomer.
- Example 11-1 Using the same carrier as in Example 11-1, but varying the Pt particle content as shown in Table 6 below, to prepare a high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 ), and then use the same to prepare a high durability improver (Pt/SnO 2 )
- a solution for forming an electrolyte membrane was prepared by mixing 0.5% by weight and the remaining amount of the ionomer.
- Example 12-1 Using the same carrier as in Example 12-1, but varying the Pt particle content as shown in Table 7 below, to prepare a high durability improver (Pt/IrO 2 ), and then use the same to prepare a high durability improver (Pt/Ti 4 O 7 ) 0.5% by weight and the remaining amount of the ionomer were mixed to prepare an electrolyte membrane forming solution.
- a high durability improver Pt/IrO 2
- Pt/Ti 4 O 7 a high durability improver 0.5% by weight and the remaining amount of the ionomer were mixed to prepare an electrolyte membrane forming solution.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing the composite prepared in Example 9-1 and the composite prepared in Example 10-1 at a weight ratio of 1:0.3, 0.5% by weight of a high durability improver, and the remaining amount of the ionomer. .
- GDC represented by Formula 1-1 was prepared as a support by a method of obtaining a coprecipitate by dropping a mixed solution of a cerium precursor (cerium nitrate) and a gadolinium precursor (gadolinium nitrate) into an aqueous solution under certain environmental conditions.
- the particle size (D 50 ) of the carrier was 180 nm.
- x is 0.1
- y is an oxygen vacancy value that makes the compound electrically neutral, and is an integer satisfying 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.25.
- platinum in a precursor state is prepared, a support is mixed therein, and a reducing agent is used to induce a reduction reaction from platinum in a precursor state to platinum metal in a nanoparticle state, so that platinum nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the carrier. was deposited on to prepare an integrated Pt/GDC composite.
- the content of platinum nanoparticles in the prepared Pt/GDC composite was 0.1% by weight, and the average particle size (D 50 ) of the platinum powder was about 5 nm.
- An electrolyte membrane forming solution was prepared by mixing the composite prepared in Example 9-1 and the Pt/GDC composite in a weight ratio of 1:0.3, 0.5% by weight of the high durability improver, and the remaining amount of the ionomer.
- a paste was prepared by uniformly dispersing 23 parts by weight of liquid lubricant naphtha by mixing and stirring with 100 parts by weight of PTFE fine powder having an average particle diameter of 570 ⁇ m.
- the paste was left at 50° C. for 18 hours to mature, and then compressed using a molding jig to prepare a PTFE block.
- the unsintered tape was dried by applying heat of 180° C. while being transferred to a conveyor belt at a speed of 3 M/min to remove the lubricant.
- the unsintered tape from which the lubricant was removed was uniaxially stretched (longitudinal stretching) by 6.5 times under conditions of a stretching temperature of 280° C. and a stretching speed of 10 M/min.
- the uniaxially stretched unsintered tape was biaxially stretched 30 times (width direction stretching) under conditions of a stretching temperature of 250° C. and a stretching speed of 10 M/min to prepare a porous support.
- the uniaxially and biaxially stretched porous supports were calcined on a conveyor belt at a rate of 15 M/min at 420° C. to prepare a PTFE porous support having an average thickness of 16 ⁇ m and an average pore size of 0.114 ⁇ m.
- a porous PTFE support was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1-1. However, unlike Support Preparation Example 1-1, uniaxial and biaxial stretching conditions were changed to prepare a PTFE porous support having an average thickness of 5 ⁇ m and an average pore size of 0.114 ⁇ m.
- a porous PTFE support was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1-1. However, unlike the support preparation example 1-1, uniaxial and biaxial stretching conditions were changed to prepare a porous PTFE support having an average thickness of 12 ⁇ m and an average pore size of 0.114 ⁇ m.
- a porous PTFE support was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1-1. However, unlike the support preparation example 1-1, the uniaxial and biaxial stretching conditions were changed to prepare a porous PTFE support having an average thickness of 3 ⁇ m and an average pore size of 0.114 ⁇ m.
- first support layer After fixing the first support layer to a glass substrate, using a film applicator, one surface of the first support layer is impregnated with the solution for forming an electrolyte membrane, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 20 minutes. Thus, a first electrolyte layer having an average thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on one surface of the first support layer.
- the other side of the first support layer having the first electrolyte layer formed on one side is impregnated with the solution for forming the electrolyte membrane, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 80° C. for 20 minutes to obtain an average thickness on the other side of the first support layer.
- a second electrolyte layer having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed.
- a composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC having a thickness of ⁇ m was prepared.
- the porous PTFE support prepared in Support Preparation Example 1-1 was prepared as a first support layer and a second support layer, respectively.
- the porous PTFE support prepared in Preparation Example 1-3 was prepared as a first support layer and a second support layer, respectively.
- the porous PTFE support prepared in Preparation Example 1-4 was prepared as a first support layer and a second support layer, respectively.
- a solution for forming an electrolyte membrane without using a durability enhancer was prepared by mixing 95.5% by weight of a perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer (solvay, aquivion D72-25DS) having an equivalent weight of -SO 3 H of 720.
- a perfluorine-based sulfonated ionomer solvay, aquivion D72-25DS
- Each of the composite electrolyte membranes for PEMFCs prepared in Preparation Examples 2-1 to 2-5 and Comparative Preparation Example 2-1 was prepared with a size of 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm (width ⁇ length), and in an oven at 80 ° C. for 5 hours. After over-drying, the mass is measured. The prepared test piece was immersed in 200 g of a solution prepared by adding 3 ppm of Fe 2+ to hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 2% by volume, and then left at 80° C. for 120 hours.
- the fluorine ion concentration eluted from the test piece was measured using a fluorine ion selective electrode, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
- Each of the composite electrolyte membranes for PEMFC prepared in Preparation Examples 2-1 to 2-5 and Comparative Preparation Example 2-1 was cut into 5 cm ⁇ 1 cm (MD direction ⁇ TD direction), and each of the cut composite electrolyte membranes for PEMFC
- Equation 1 A represents the initial length of the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC, and B represents the length measured after leaving the composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- Each of the composite electrolyte membranes for PEMFC prepared in Preparation Examples 2-1 to 2-5 and Comparative Preparation Example 2-1 was cut into 8 cm ⁇ 8 cm (MD direction ⁇ TD direction), and each of the cut composite electrolyte membranes for PEMFC A membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC as shown in FIG. 2 including a was prepared. Thereafter, the performance was calculated by measuring the voltage (V) measured at a current of 1A under conditions of a temperature of 65 ° C and an RH of 100%, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the first electrolyte layer (4 ⁇ m), the first support layer (2 ⁇ m), the second electrolyte layer (3 ⁇ m), the second support layer (2 ⁇ m), and the third layer have the same thickness as those of Preparation Example 2-1.
- a laminate in which an electrolyte layer (4 ⁇ m) was stacked was prepared, but the porous PTFE support prepared in Preparation Example 1-2 was used as the first and second support layers.
- a laminate in which (2 ⁇ m)-third electrolyte layers (4 ⁇ m) are stacked is prepared, but the content of the durability improver in the electrolyte film forming solution is varied, and then the content of the durability improver in the electrolyte layer is determined as shown in Table 4 below.
- Each composite electrolyte membrane was prepared differently, and Preparation Example 3-2 and Comparative Preparation Examples 3-1 to 3-2 were performed.
- the anode electrode 1, the anode catalyst layer 2, the anode gas diffusion layer 3, the composite electrolyte membrane 100, the cathode gas diffusion layer 4, the cathode catalyst layer 5, and the cathode electrode substrate A membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC equipped with (6) was prepared.
- the composite electrolyte 100 uses the composite electrolyte membranes of Preparation Example 2-1, Preparation Examples 3-1 to 3-2 and Comparative Preparation Examples 3-1 to 3-2, respectively, and each first electrolyte layer is In the anode direction, the third electrolyte layer was provided in the cathode direction.
- Preparation Example 2-1 Preparation Example 3-1, and Preparation Example 3-2 all showed excellent durability measurement results overall. Comparing Preparation Examples 3-1 to 3-2 and Comparative Preparation Examples 3-1 to 3-2, the content of the durability improver is higher in the cathode direction than in the anode direction in each layer of the first to third electrolyte layers constituting the composite electrolyte.
- first electrolyte layer ⁇ second electrolyte layer ⁇ third electrolyte layer As it increases (first electrolyte layer ⁇ second electrolyte layer ⁇ third electrolyte layer) or when the content of the durability improver is higher in the first and second electrolyte layers than in the second electrolyte layer (second electrolyte layer ⁇ first electrolyte layer, The third electrolyte layer) showed a relatively superior durability improvement effect, and also showed advantageous results in terms of performance.
- Example 9-2 0.5% by weight of the high durability enhancer (Pt/CeO 2 ) prepared in Example 9-2 and 95.5% by weight of a perfluorinated sulfonated ionomer (solvay, aquivion D72-25DS) having an equivalent weight of -SO 3 H group of 720
- solvay, aquivion D72-25DS a perfluorinated sulfonated ionomer having an equivalent weight of -SO 3 H group of 720
- a solution for forming an electrolyte film was prepared by mixing %.
- first support layer After fixing the first support layer to a glass substrate, using a film applicator, one surface of the first support layer is impregnated with the solution for forming an electrolyte membrane, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 80° C. for 20 minutes. This was done to form a first electrolyte layer having an average thickness of 4 ⁇ m on one surface of the first support layer.
- the other side of the first support layer having the first electrolyte layer formed on one side is impregnated with the solution for forming the electrolyte membrane, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 80° C. for 20 minutes to obtain an average thickness on the other side of the first support layer.
- a second electrolyte layer having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed.
- a composite electrolyte membrane for PEMFC having a thickness of ⁇ m was prepared.
- the first electrolyte layer (4 ⁇ m), the first support layer (2 ⁇ m), the second electrolyte layer (3 ⁇ m), the second support layer (2 ⁇ m), and the third electrolyte layer have the same thickness as those of Preparation Example 4. (4 ⁇ m) was prepared, but the porous PTFE support prepared in Preparation Example 1-2 was used as the first and second support layers.
- the anode electrode 1, the anode catalyst layer 2, the anode gas diffusion layer 3, the composite electrolyte membrane 100, the cathode gas diffusion layer 4, the cathode catalyst layer 5, and the cathode electrode substrate 6 A membrane-electrode assembly for PEMFC equipped with was prepared.
- the composite electrolyte 100 uses the composite electrolyte membranes of Preparation Example 4, Preparation Examples 5-1 to 5-2 and Comparative Preparation Examples 4-1 to 4-2, respectively, and each first electrolyte layer is in the anode direction.
- the third electrolyte layer was provided in the cathode direction.
- Preparation Example 4 Preparation Example 5-1, and Preparation Example 5-2 all showed excellent durability measurement results overall. Comparing Preparation Examples 5-1 to 5-2 and Comparative Preparation Examples 4-1 to 4-2, the content of the high durability enhancer in the cathode direction rather than the anode direction in each layer of the first to third electrolyte layers constituting the composite electrolyte As this increases (first electrolyte layer ⁇ second electrolyte layer ⁇ third electrolyte layer) or when the content of the high durability improver is higher in the first and second electrolyte layers than in the second electrolyte layer (second electrolyte layer ⁇ first electrolyte layer) layer, the third electrolyte layer) showed a relatively superior durability improvement effect, and also showed advantageous results in terms of performance.
- cathode catalyst layer 6 cathode electrode substrate
- first support layer 12 second support layer
- first electrolyte layer 22 second electrolyte layer
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Abstract
Description
구분 | 내구성 향상제 | 이오노머 | ||||
Pt 입도(D50)/함량 | 담지체 입도(D50)/함량 | 담지체 종류 | 전해질 형성 용액 내 내구성 향상제 함량 |
BET 비표면적 |
||
실시예 1 | 17nm/ 0.1 중량% | 180nm/1.0 중량% | GDC (화학식 1-1) |
0.5 중량% | 151 m2/g | 나머지 잔량 100 중량% |
실시예 2 | 22nm/ 0.1 중량% | 223nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-2) | 0.5 중량% | 116 m2/g | |
실시예 3 | 15nm/ 0.1중량% | 177nm/ 1.0 중량% | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 148 m2/g | |
실시예 4 | 25nm/ 0.1 중량% | 242 nm/ 1.0 중량% | IrO2 | 0.5 중량% | 90 m2/g | |
실시예 5 | 17nm/ 3.0 중량% | 180nm/1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 0.5 중량% | 119 m2/g | |
실시예 6 | 17nm/ 0.05 중량% | 180nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 0.5 중량% | 142 m2/g | |
실시예 7 | 17 nm/ 0.1 중량% | 180 nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 0.05 중량% | 155 m2/g | |
실시예 8 | 17 nm/ 0.1 중량% | 180 nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 17.0 중량% | 157 m2/g | |
비교예 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 100 중량% |
비교예 2 | 17nm/ 6.5 중량% | 180nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC (화학식 1-1) |
0.5 중량% | 107 m2/g | 나머지 잔량 100 중량% |
비교예 3 | 17nm/ 0.007 중량% | 180nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC (화학식 1-1) |
0.5 중량% | 139 m2/g | |
비교예 4 | 120nm/ 0.1 중량% | 180nm/ 1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 0.5 중량% | 128 m2/g | |
비교예 5 | 17nm/ 0.1 중량% | 1025nm/1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 0.5 중량% | 23 m2/g | |
비교예 6 | 17nm/ 0.1 중량% | 180nm/1.0 중량% | GDC(화학식 1-1) | 21.0 중량% | 146 m2/g |
구분 | FER (umol/gh) |
OCV 최종 수명 시간(hr) |
실시예 1 | 1.83 | 1,027 |
실시예 2 | 1.88 | 986 |
실시예 3 | 2.45 | 914 |
실시예 4 | 2.81 | 851 |
실시예 5 | 2.21 | 652 |
실시예 6 | 3.75 | 777 |
실시예 7 | 9.55 | 425 |
실시예 8 | 1.27 | 912 |
비교예 1 | 15.10 | 318 |
비교예 2 | 2.98 | 612 |
비교예 3 | 5.26 | 513 |
비교예 4 | 2.96 | 758 |
비교예 5 | 3.12 | 739 |
비교예 6 | 1.39 | 889 |
구분 | 고내구성 향상제 | 이오노머 | ||||
Pt 입도(D50)/함량 | 담지체 입도(D50)/함량 | 담지체 종류 | 전해질 형성 용액 내 고내구성 향상제 함량 |
BET 비표면적 |
||
실시예 9-1 | 5nm/ 0.1중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 150 m2/g | 100 중량% 중 나머지 잔량 |
실시예 9-2 | 5nm/ 1.0중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 147 m2/g | |
실시예 9-3 | 5nm/ 3.0중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 155 m2/g | |
실시예 9-4 | 5nm/ 5.5중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 142 m2/g | |
실시예 10-1 | 12nm/ 1.0중량% | 242 nm/ 나머지 잔량 | IrO2 | 0.5 중량% | 90 m2/g | |
실시예 10-2 | 12nm/ 0.1 중량% | 242 nm/ 나머지 잔량 | IrO2 | 0.5 중량% | 92 m2/g | |
실시예 11-1 | 9nm/ 1.0 중량% | 353 nm/ 나머지 잔량 | SnO2 | 0.5 중량% | 83 m2/g | |
실시예 11-2 | 9nm/ 0.1중량% | 353 nm/ 나머지 잔량 | SnO2 | 0.5 중량% | 77 m2/g | |
실시예 12-1 | 7nm/ 1.0 중량% | 502nm/ 나머지 잔량 | Ti4O7 | 0.5 중량% | 50 m2/g | |
실시예 12-2 | 7nm/ 0.1중량% | 502nm/ 나머지 잔량 | Ti4O7 | 0.5 중량% | 64 m2/g | |
실시예 13 | 5nm/ 1.0중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 17.0 중량% | 151 m2/g | |
비교예 7-1 | - | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 146 m2/g | |
비교예 7-2 | 5nm/ 6.0중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 132 m2/g | |
비교예 7-3 | 63nm/ 1.0중량% | 177nm /1.0 중량% | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 134 m2/g | |
비교예 7-4 | 5nm/ 1.0중량% | 2,025nm/1.0 중량% | CeO2 | 0.5 중량% | 56 m2/g | |
비교예 7-5 | 5nm/ 1.0중량% | 177nm/ 나머지 잔량 | CeO2 | 20.8 중량% | 130 m2/g |
구분 | Pt함량 (중량%) |
담지체 종류 | FER (umol/g·h) |
OCV 최종 수명 시간(hr) |
실시예 9-1 | 0.1 | CeO2 | 2.45 | 914 |
실시예 9-2 | 1.0 | CeO2 | 0.64 | 1305 |
실시예 9-3 | 3.0 | CeO2 | 0.78 | 1291 |
실시예 9-4 | 5.5 | CeO2 | 1.05 | 1327 |
실시예 10-1 | 1.0 | IrO2 | 1.15 | 1250 |
실시예 10-2 | 0.1 | IrO2 | 2.81 | 851 |
실시예 11-1 | 1.0 | SnO2 | 0.85 | 1286 |
실시예 11-2 | 0.1 | SnO2 | 2.51 | 908 |
실시예 12-1 | 1.0 | Ti4O7 | 0.79 | 1288 |
실시예 12-2 | 0.1 | Ti4O7 | 2.55 | 921 |
실시예 13 | 1.0 | CeO2 | 0.64 | 1144 |
대조군 | - | - | 15.10 | 318 |
비교예 7-1 | 0 | CeO2 | 9.21 | 462 |
비교예 7-2 | 6.0 | CeO2 | 1.13 | 1276 |
비교예 7-3 | 1.0 | CeO2 | 3.41 | 683 |
비교예 7-4 | 1.0 | CeO2 | 3.11 | 725 |
비교예 7-5 | 1.0 | CeO2 | 0.72 | 1115 |
구분 | Pt함량 (중량%) |
담지체 종류 | FER (umol/g·h) |
OCV최종 수명시간(hr) | Volate(V) @1A/cm2 |
실시예 10-1 | 1.0 | IrO2 | 1.15 | 1250 | 0.68 |
실시예 10-2 | 0.1 | IrO2 | 2.81 | 851 | 0.70 |
실시예 10-3 | 0.01 | IrO2 | 9.10 | 512 | 0.71 |
실시예 10-4 | 4.5 | IrO2 | 0.88 | 1271 | 0.63 |
비교예 8-1 | 0 | IrO2 | 10.27 | 353 | 0.72 |
비교예 8-2 | 5.5 | IrO2 | 0.97 | 1288 | 0.59 |
구분 | Pt함량 (중량%) |
담지체 종류 | FER (umol/g·h) |
OCV최종 수명 시간(hr) | Volate(V) @1A/cm2 |
실시예 11-1 | 1.0 | SnO2 | 0.85 | 1286 | 0.69 |
실시예 11-2 | 0.1 | SnO2 | 2.51 | 908 | 0.71 |
실시예 11-3 | 0.01 | SnO2 | 8.87 | 459 | 0.73 |
실시예 11-4 | 3.0 | SnO2 | 0.79 | 1300 | 0.65 |
비교예 9-1 | 0 | SnO2 | 9.54 | 411 | 0.73 |
비교예 9-2 | 4.0 | SnO2 | 0.94 | 1185 | 0.61 |
구분 | Pt함량 (중량%) |
담지체 종류 | FER (umol/g·h) |
OCV 최종 수명 시간(hr) | Volate(V) @1A/cm2 |
실시예 12-1 | 1.0 | Ti4O7 | 0.79 | 1288 | 0.70 |
실시예 12-2 | 0.1 | Ti4O7 | 2.55 | 921 | 0.73 |
실시예 12-3 | 0.01 | Ti4O7 | 8.50 | 561 | 0.74 |
실시예 12-4 | 5.5 | Ti4O7 | 0.69 | 1319 | 0.66 |
비교예 10-1 | 0 | Ti4O7 | 9.08 | 493 | 0.74 |
비교예 10-2 | 6.5 | Ti4O7 | 0.69 | 1320 | 0.61 |
구분 | Pt함량 (중량%) |
담지체 종류 | FER (umol/g·h) |
OCV 최종 수명 시간(hr) |
실시예 14 | Pt/CeO2 복합체 : Pt/IrO2 복합체 =1:0.3 중량비 | 0.66 | 1522 | |
실시예 15 | Pt/CeO2 복합체 : Pt/GDC 복합체 =1:0.3 중량비 | 0.55 | 1443 | |
실시예 9-2 | 1.0 | CeO2 | 0.64 | 1305 |
실시예 10-1 | 1.0 | IrO2 | 1.15 | 1250 |
구분 | 제조예 2-1 |
제조예 2-2 |
제조예 2-3 |
제조예 2-4 |
제조예 2-5 |
비교제조예 2-1 | |
제1전해질층 | 두께 (㎛) |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | 4 |
제1지지체층 | 두께 (㎛) |
2 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
제2전해질층 | 두께(㎛) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
제2지지체층 | 두께(㎛) | 2 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
제3전해질층 | 두께 (㎛) |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | 4 |
복합 전해질막 | 전체두께(㎛) | 15 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
성능(V/1A@65℃) | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.68 | |
내구성(umol/g·h) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 14.1 | |
치수번화율 (%) |
MD방향 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
TD방향 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 5 | |
인장강도 (Mpa) |
MD방향 | 64 | 68 | 69 | 65 | 49 | 63 |
TD방향 | 61 | 64 | 62 | 59 | 43 | 61 |
구분 | 제조예 2-1 |
제조예 3-1 |
제조예 3-2 |
비교제조예 3-1 |
비교제조예 3-2 |
제1전해질층 내 내구성 향상제 함량(중량%) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
제2전해질층 내 내구성 향상제 함량(중량%) | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
제3전해질층 내 내구성 향상제 함량(중량%) | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
성능(V/1A@65℃) | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.63 |
내구성 (umol/g·h) | 1.70 | 1.25 | 1.41 | 1.60 | 1.66 |
구분 | 제조예 4 |
제조예 5-1 |
제조예 5-2 |
비교제조예 4-1 |
비교제조예 4-2 |
제1전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량(중량%) | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
제2전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량(중량%) | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
제3전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량(중량%) | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
성능(V/1A@65℃) | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.64 |
내구성 (umol/g·h) | 1.69 | 1.28 | 1.44 | 1.20 | 1.60 |
Claims (20)
- 백금(Pt) 및 상기 백금을 담지한 담지체를 포함하며,상기 백금은 나노크기의 백금 분말이며, 상기 백금 분말이 담지체 표면에 결합되어 일체화되어 있고,상기 담지체는 CeO2, GDC(Gd doped Ceria), IrO2, SnO2 및 Ti4O7 중에서 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 내구성 향상제.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 GDC는 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물이며, 가돌리늄(Gd)이 세리아 격자에 도핑된 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 내구성 향상제;[화학식 1]GdxCe1-xO2-y화학식 1에서, x는 0<x≤0.3를 만족하는 정수이고, y는 화합물을 전기적 중성으로 하는 산소 공공 값이며, 0<y≤0.25를 만족하는 정수이다.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 백금 분말의 입도(D50)는 0.1 ~ 50 nm이고,상기 담지체는 입도(D50)는 10 ~ 2,000 nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 내구성 향상제.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 내구성 향상제는 BET 비표면적이 10 ~ 500 m2/g인 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 내구성 향상제.
- 제1항에 있어서, 백금 0.01 ~ 6.00 중량% 및 상기 백금을 담지한 담지체를 전체 중량% 중 나머지 잔량으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 내구성 향상제.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 담지체가 CeO2일 때, 고내구성 향상제 전체 중량 중 백금 입자 0.01 ~ 6.00 중량%를 포함하며,상기 담지체가 IrO2일 때, 고내구성 향상제 전체 중량 중 백금 입자 0.01 ~ 4.50 중량%를 포함하고,상기 담지체가 SnO2일 때, 고내구성 향상제 전체 중량 중 백금 입자 0.01 ~ 3.00 중량%를 포함하며,상기 담지체가 Ti4O7일 때, 고내구성 향상제 전체 중량 중 백금 입자 0.01 ~ 5.50 중량%를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 고내구성 향상제.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 백금 입자 및 상기 백금 입자를 담지한 CeO2를 담지체로 포함하는 세륨계 복합체; 및상기 백금 입자 및 담지체로 포함하는 비세륨계 복합체;를 포함하며,비세륨계 복합체의 담지체는 IrO2, SnO2 및 Ti4O7 중에서 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 고내구성 향상제.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 세륨계 복합체 및 상기 비세륨계 복합체를 1 : 0.1 ~ 50 중량비로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 고내구성 향상제.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 백금 입자 및 상기 백금 입자를 담지한 CeO2를 담지체로 포함하는 세륨계 복합체; 및백금(Pt) 입자 및 상기 백금 입자를 담지한 GDC 담지체를 포함하는 가돌리듐계 복합체;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 고내구성 향상제.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 세륨계 복합체 및 상기 가돌리듐계 복합체를 1 : 0.05 ~ 10 중량비로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC 전해질막용 고내구성 향상제.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중에서 선택된 어느 한 항의 내구성 향상제를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 제1전해질층, 제1지지체층 및 제2전해질층이 전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 전해질막이고,상기 제1전해질층 및 상기 제2전해질층 중 선택된 어느 한 층 이상은 상기 내구성 향상제, 세륨(Ce)계 라디칼 스캐빈져 및 이오노머를 포함하며,상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막의 평균 두께는 5 ~ 30㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 제1전해질층 및 상기 제2전해질층 중 선택된 어느 한 층 이상은 세륨(Ce)계 라디칼 스캐빈져를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 제1전해질층은 애노드 전극 방향의 전해질층이고, 상기 제2전해질층은 캐소드 전극 방향의 전해질층이며,제1전해질층 및 제2전해질층은 상기 고내구성 향상제를 포함하며,상기 제1전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량 및 제2전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량은 0.05 ~ 1.0 : 1 중량비인 것을 특징으로 하는 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 애노드 전극에서 캐소드 전극 방향으로,제1전해질층, 제1지지체층, 제2전해질층, 제2지지체층 및 제3전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 순차적으로 적층된 복합 전해질막; 또는제1전해질층, 제1지지체층, 제2전해질층, 제2지지체층, 제3전해질층, 제3지지체층 및 제4전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 순차적으로 적층된 복합 전해질막;이며,상기 제1전해질층, 제2전해질층, 제3전해질층 및 제4전해질층 각각은 독립적으로 상기 고내구성 향상제를 포함하되, 전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량은 캐소드 전극 기준으로 함량이 낮아지는 구배를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 애노드 전극에서 캐소드 전극 방향으로,제1전해질층, 제2전해질층, 및 제3전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 순차적으로 적층된 복합 전해질막; 또는제1전해질층, 제2전해질층, 제3전해질층 및 제4전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 복합 전해질막;이며,상기 복합 전해질막은 제1전해질층과 제2전해질층, 제2전해질층과 제3전해질층, 또는 제3전해질층과 제4전해질층 사이에 지지체층을 포함하며,상기 제1전해질층, 제2전해질층, 제3전해질층 및 제4전해질층 각각은 독립적으로 상기 고내구성 향상제를 포함하되, 전해질층 내 고내구성 향상제 함량은 캐소드 전극 기준으로 함량이 낮아지는 구배를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 PEMFC용 막-전극 접합체 적용시, 애노드 방향에서 캐소드 방향으로 제1전해질층, 제1지지체층 및 제2전해질층이 전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 전해질막이고,상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 하기 조건 (2)를 만족하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막;조건 (2) A1 ≤ A2상기 조건 (2)에 있어서, A1는 제1전해질층 내 내구성 향상제의 함량, A2는 제2전해질층 내 내구성 향상제의 함량을 나타낸다.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 PEMFC용 막-전극 접합체 적용시, 애노드 방향에서 캐소드 방향으로 제1전해질층, 제1지지체층, 제2전해질층, 제2지지체층 및 제3전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 복합 전해질막이고,상기 제1전해질층, 상기 제2전해질층 및 제3전해질층 중 선택된 어느 한 층 이상은 상기 내구성 향상제를 포함하며,상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 하기 조건 (3) 및 (4)를 모두 만족하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막;(3) B1 ≤ A1, B1 ≤ A2, B1 ≤ A3(4) B2 ≤ A1, B2 ≤ A2, B2 ≤ A3상기 조건 (3)에 있어서, A1는 제1전해질층의 두께, A2는 제2전해질층의 두께, A3는 제3전해질층의 두께, B1는 제1지지체층의 두께를 나타내고, 상기 조건 (4)에 있어서, A1는 제1전해질층의 두께, A2는 제2전해질층의 두께, A3는 제3전해질층의 두께, B2는 제2지지체층의 두께를 나타낸다.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 PEMFC용 막-전극 접합체 적용시, 애노드 방향에서 캐소드 방향으로 제1전해질층, 제1지지체층, 제2전해질층, 제2지지체층 및 제3전해질층이 순차적으로 적층된 복합 전해질막이고,상기 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막은 하기 조건 (5) 또는 조건 (6)을 만족하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막;조건 (5) A1 ≤ A2 ≤ A3조건 (6) A2 ≤ A1, A2 ≤ A3, A1 ≤ A3상기 조건 (5) 및 (6)에 있어서, A1는 제1전해질층 내 내구성 향상제의 함량, A2는 제2전해질층 내 내구성 향상제의 함량, A3는 제3전해질층 내 내구성 향상제의 함량을 나타낸다.
- 애노드(산화전극); 제11항의 PEMFC용 복합 전해질막; 및 캐소드(환원전극); 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 PEMFC용 막-전극 접합체.
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