WO2023054291A1 - 低トランス、非テンパリング型チョコレート類用油脂 - Google Patents
低トランス、非テンパリング型チョコレート類用油脂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023054291A1 WO2023054291A1 PCT/JP2022/035801 JP2022035801W WO2023054291A1 WO 2023054291 A1 WO2023054291 A1 WO 2023054291A1 JP 2022035801 W JP2022035801 W JP 2022035801W WO 2023054291 A1 WO2023054291 A1 WO 2023054291A1
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- chocolates
- oil
- fatty acids
- fat
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- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 28
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010692 trans-unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 129
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 154
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 glycerin fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauric acid triglyceride Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005764 Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005767 Theobroma cacao ssp. sphaerocarpum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001046 cacaotero Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940057917 medium chain triglycerides Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019861 non-lauric fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008939 whole milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588986 Alcaligenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000223257 Thermomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001135917 Vitellaria paradoxa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021438 curry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019860 lauric fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940057910 shea butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002316 solid fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G1/36—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
- A23G1/38—Cocoa butter substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G1/36—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0075—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of melting or solidifying points
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to oils and fats, especially oils and fats used for chocolates that do not undergo tempering operations.
- Fats for chocolates which are widely used as a substitute for cocoa butter, are broadly divided into fats for tempering chocolates that are temperature-controlled during solidification and molding, and fats for non-tempering chocolates that are not temperature-controlled. be done.
- Fats and oils for tempering chocolates are SUS triglycerides (S: saturated fatty acid with 16 to 20 carbon atoms, U: monounsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, SUS triglyceride: 1st position of triglyceride and Triglyceride with S at the 3rd position and U at the 2nd position), and has properties similar to those of cocoa butter. Therefore, it is highly compatible with cocoa butter, and a texture similar to that of cocoa butter can be obtained.
- non-tempering fats and oils for chocolates do not require complicated tempering operations, so they can be suitably used for various combination foods in which chocolates are combined with breads and confectionery.
- fats and oils for chocolates transesterified and fractionated chocolate oils and fats, and lauric acid-type chocolate oils and fats.
- trans-acid oils and fats for chocolate obtained by hydrogenating liquid oils such as soybean oil and rapeseed oil have been widely used due to their good meltability in the mouth and high compatibility with cocoa butter. rice field.
- liquid oils such as soybean oil and rapeseed oil
- the risk of trans fatty acids to health has become apparent, and non-trans fatty acid oils and fats for chocolates containing no trans fatty acids have been desired.
- Lauric acid-type chocolate oils and fats have long been manufactured using lauric oils and fats, which are rich in triglycerides containing a large amount of lauric acid, as raw materials. These have a texture and physical properties that are very similar to cocoa butter, and have various advantages such as good luster. I had a problem with the combination. In addition, there is a possibility that an undesirable soapy flavor may develop depending on the state of storage of chocolates, and fats and oils for chocolates with a reduced lauric acid content are desired.
- Non-trans-acid and non-lauric fats and oils for chocolates are desired, and in recent years, the development of transesterified/fractionated fats and oils for chocolates has been promoted (Patent Documents 1 to 5).
- This ester-exchanged/fractionated fat for chocolates is chemically processed using raw material fats and oils that do not substantially contain lauric acid or trans fatty acids, such as extremely hardened oils such as soybean oil and rapeseed oil, and solid fats such as palm oil. Or, after carrying out enzymatic transesterification, it has good meltability in the mouth by carrying out fractionation.
- the fats and oils for chocolates are fats and oils containing S2U triglycerides such as SSU and SUS as main components.
- Patent Documents 6 to 11 disclose a combination of non-lauric fat and lauric fat and oil by transesterification or the like with respect to oils and fats for chocolates that have a low trans-acid content and contain lauric acid.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-507028 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-532802 JP 2007-319043 A International publication WO2011/138918 International publication WO2012/002373 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-182961 JP 2010-142152 A JP 2010-142153 A JP 2011-115075 A JP 2016-116486 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-171001
- S2U triglycerides S: saturated fatty acid with 16 to 20 carbon atoms, U: one of 18 carbon atoms
- Fats and oils containing mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids S2U: triglycerides in which two S and one U are bonded
- S2U triglycerides in which two S and one U are bonded
- non-trans-type fats and oils for chocolate containing a specific amount of lauric acid through transesterification or the like reduce the compatibility of cocoa butter as the amount of lauric acid in the triglyceride molecule increases. I had the problem of being restricted. Therefore, even for non-trans-type non-tempering chocolates, there is a demand for oils and fats for chocolates that can improve bloom resistance under cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range and improve cocoa butter compatibility. rice field.
- the lauric acid content is relatively small compared to conventional non-laurin, non-trans, non-tempering type fats and oils for chocolates. and a high content of fatty acids having a chain length of 16 or more carbon atoms, and adjusting the triglyceride composition of CN38 to CN46 to a specific range. Completed.
- the present invention Oils and fats for chocolates that satisfy all of the following (a) to (d), (a) 5% by weight or less of trans fatty acids in all constituent fatty acids (b) 1 to 13% by weight of lauric acid in all constituent fatty acids (c) Fatty acids with a chain length of 16 or more carbon atoms account for 79 to 97% by weight of all constituent fatty acids (d) triglyceride content of CN38-CN46 in total triglycerides is 6-37.5% by weight
- CN38-CN46 triglyceride indicates a triglyceride in which the total number of carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids of the triglyceride in the oil is 38-46.
- Fats and oils for chocolates of (1) that satisfy all of the following (e) to (f), (e) 35 to 75% by weight of SO in total triglycerides (f) 5 to 15% by weight of SSS in total triglycerides
- S is a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- O is oleic acid
- S2O is a triglyceride in which two S and one O are bonded
- SSS is a triglyceride in which three S are bonded.
- Fats and oils for chocolates according to (1) wherein the proportion of lauric acid in the total saturated fatty acids is 1 to 18% by weight; (4) Fats and oils for chocolates according to (2), wherein the proportion of lauric acid in the total saturated fatty acids is 1 to 18% by weight; (5) Fats and oils for chocolates according to (3), in which the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to all constituent fatty acids is 15% by weight or more; (6) Fats and oils for chocolates according to (4), in which the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to all constituent fatty acids is 15% by weight or more; (7) Fats and oils for chocolates of (5) that satisfy all of the following SFC%, ⁇ SFC at 10°C is 80% or more ⁇ SFC at 20°C is 55% to 95% - SFC at 40 ° C.
- ⁇ SFC at 10°C is 80% or more ⁇ SFC at 20°C is 55% to 95% - SFC at 40 ° C.
- Fats and oils for chocolates of (7) wherein the stearic acid content in the total constituent fatty acids is 11 to 20% by weight, (10) Fats and oils for chocolates according to (8), in which the stearic acid content in all constituent fatty acids is 11 to 20% by weight; (11) Chocolates containing 20% by weight or more of the oils and fats for chocolates of (1) to (10), (12) A transesterified oil having a lauric acid content of 1 to 25% by weight in the constituent fatty acids and a ratio of palmitic acid content/stearic acid content of 1.5 to 5 is fractionated into a high melting point portion or a high melting point portion.
- (21) A fat that satisfies all of the following (a) to (d) and has the function of suppressing the transition of fat crystals in chocolate to the ⁇ -type by being blended in chocolate, (a) 5% by weight or less of trans fatty acids in all constituent fatty acids (b) 1 to 13% by weight of lauric acid in all constituent fatty acids (c) Fatty acids with a chain length of 16 or more carbon atoms account for 79 to 97% by weight of all constituent fatty acids (d) triglyceride content of CN38-CN46 in total triglycerides is 6-37.5% by weight However, "CN38-CN46 triglyceride" indicates a triglyceride in which the total number of carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids of the triglyceride in the oil is 38-46.
- S is a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- O is oleic acid
- S2O is a triglyceride in which two S and one O are bonded
- SSS is a triglyceride in which three S are bonded.
- ⁇ SFC at 10°C is 80% or more ⁇ SFC at 20°C is 55% to 95% - SFC at 40 ° C.
- non-trans in the present invention means that oils and fats containing trans acids such as hardened oils (excluding extremely hardened oils) are not substantially used as raw materials.
- the oils and fats for chocolates of the present invention are , the trans fatty acid content should be 5% by weight or less, more preferably 4% by weight or less, still more preferably 3% by weight or less, and most preferably 2% by weight or less.
- the non-tempering type in the present invention means that in the case of producing chocolates using such oils and fats for chocolates, the chocolate can be obtained by a method of simply cooling and solidifying without tempering treatment such as temperature adjustment or addition of seed agent. It means that it is a type from which you can create a genus.
- the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention are non-laurin S2U (S: saturated fatty acid with 16 to 20 carbon atoms, U: monounsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, S2U: triglyceride in which two S and one U are bonded ) Containing a specific amount of lauric acid content in the triglyceride molecule in order to improve bloom resistance and cocoa butter compatibility compared to conventional non-trans, non-tempering type fats and oils for chocolates.
- S2U saturated fatty acid with 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- U monounsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms
- S2U triglyceride in which two S and one U are bonded
- the content of lauric acid in the total constituent fatty acids should be 1 to 13% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 12% by weight, still more preferably 2 to 11% by weight, and most preferably 2.5 to 2.5% by weight. 10% by weight.
- the lauric acid content in the total constituent fatty acids is 1 to 13% by weight, it is possible to ensure compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and bloom resistance under medium to high temperature cycle conditions.
- Fatty acids having a chain length of 16 or more carbon atoms in the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention should account for 79 to 97% by weight, preferably 81 to 97% by weight, more preferably 83 to 97% by weight. % by weight, more preferably 84 to 97% by weight.
- fatty acids having a chain length of 16 or more carbon atoms account for 79 to 97% of all constituent fatty acids in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention, compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range It is possible to ensure bloom resistance in
- the content of CN38 to CN46 triglycerides (triglycerides in which the total number of carbon atoms of the triglycerides in the fat and oil is 38 to 46) in the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 6 to 37.5% by weight.
- the content is preferably 6 to 34.5% by weight, more preferably 6.5 to 32.5% by weight, and still more preferably 6.5 to 30.5% by weight.
- compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range It is possible to ensure bloom resistance in
- the ratio of PO (where P is palmitic acid, O is oleic acid, PO is a triglyceride in which two P and one O are bonded) in the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 20 to 60% by weight. is preferably More preferably 22 to 50% by weight, still more preferably 25 to 45% by weight, and most preferably 25 to 40% by weight.
- the ratio of PStO (where P is palmitic acid, St is stearic acid, O is oleic acid, and PStO is a triglyceride in which P, St and O are combined one by one) in the total triglycerides in the fat for chocolate of the present invention is , 10 to 35% by weight. More preferably 11 to 33% by weight, still more preferably 12 to 30% by weight, and most preferably 13 to 25% by weight.
- the ratio of St2O (where St is stearic acid, O is oleic acid, and St2O is a triglyceride in which two Sts and one O are bonded) in the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 2 to 6% by weight. is preferably And more preferably 2.5 to 5% by weight, more preferably 2.5 to 4% by weight.
- the ratio of S2O (where O is oleic acid, S is a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and S2O is a triglyceride in which two S and one O are combined) in the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is , 35 to 75% by weight. And more preferably 38 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 65% by weight.
- the ratio of S2O to the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 35 to 75% by weight, it is possible to ensure compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and bloom resistance under cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range. compatible.
- the ratio of SSS (where S is a saturated fatty acid with 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and SSS is a triglyceride in which three S are bonded) to the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 5 to 15% by weight. is preferred. More preferably 6 to 14% by weight, still more preferably 7 to 13% by weight, and most preferably 8 to 13% by weight.
- the ratio of SSS to the total triglycerides in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 5 to 15% by weight, it is possible to ensure compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and bloom resistance under cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range. compatible.
- the stearic acid content in the total fatty acid content in the oil for chocolates of the present invention is preferably 11 to 20% by weight. And more preferably 12 to 19% by weight, still more preferably 13 to 18% by weight.
- the ratio of lauric acid to the total saturated fatty acids in the oil for chocolates of the present invention is preferably 1 to 18% by weight. And more preferably 1.5 to 16% by weight, still more preferably 2 to 14% by weight.
- the ratio of lauric acid to the total saturated fatty acids in the fat for chocolate of the present invention is 1 to 18% by weight, compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and bloom resistance under cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range are ensured. can be compatible.
- the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to the total constituent fatty acids in the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention is preferably 15 to 45% by weight. And more preferably 17 to 40% by weight, still more preferably 18 to 37% by weight, still more preferably 19 to 35% by weight, and most preferably 20 to 32% by weight.
- the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to the total constituent fatty acids in the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention is 15 to 45% by weight, compatibility with a specific amount of cocoa butter and bloom resistance under cycle conditions in the medium to high temperature range can be secured.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a solid fat content of 80 to 100% at 10°C. And more preferably 85 to 99%, still more preferably 87 to 98%, even more preferably 88 to 96%, most preferably 89 to 96%.
- solid fat content is within the above preferred range, it is preferable in terms of good shape retention when made into chocolates.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a solid fat content of 55 to 95% at 20°C. And more preferably 60 to 92%, still more preferably 66 to 90%, still more preferably 70 to 90%, still more preferably 73 to 90%, most preferably 75 to 90% .
- the solid fat content is within the above preferred range, it is preferable in terms of good shape retention when made into chocolates.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a solid fat content of 40 to 80% at 25°C. And more preferably 43 to 78%, still more preferably 46 to 75%, still more preferably 50 to 75%, still more preferably 52 to 75%, most preferably 55 to 75% .
- the solid fat content is within the above preferred range, it is preferable in terms of good shape retention when made into chocolates.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a solid fat content of 20 to 60% at 30°C. And more preferably 23 to 55%, still more preferably 26 to 50%, still more preferably 28 to 50%, most preferably 30 to 50%.
- solid fat content is within the above preferred range, it is preferable in terms of good shape retention when made into chocolates.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a solid fat content of 5 to 30% at 35°C. It is more preferably 8 to 28%, still more preferably 11 to 26%, even more preferably 13 to 26%, and most preferably 15 to 26%.
- solid fat content is within the above preferred range, it is preferable in terms of good mouthfeel when it is made into chocolates.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a solid fat content of 8% or less at 40°C. And more preferably 1 to 8%, still more preferably 1.5 to 8%, and most preferably 2 to 8%.
- solid fat content is within the above preferred range, it is preferable in terms of good mouthfeel when it is made into chocolates.
- the oil-and-fat for chocolates of the present invention can be obtained as an oil-and-fat having a low melting point or a middle-melting point, for example, by subjecting a raw material fat-and-oil mixture to random transesterification and then performing a fractionation operation.
- a separation operation method a method such as solvent separation or non-solvent separation can be selected. It can also be obtained by preparing a plurality of oils and fats having the low melting point or middle melting point and mixing them.
- the raw material fats and oils specifically include palm oil, rapeseed oil, high erucine rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, soybean oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, safflower oil, and olive oil.
- sesame oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), shea butter, sal fat and other vegetable oils, milk fat, beef tallow, lard, fish oil, whale oil and other animal oils, and their hydrogenation Examples include oils, fractionated oils, hardened fractionated oils, fractionated hardened oils, processed oils and fats subjected to transesterification, and mixed oils and fats thereof.
- one or more of palm oil, palm kernel oil, and high oleic sunflower oil can be suitably used as the essential raw material oil.
- the transesterified oil used as a raw material for the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention preferably has a lauric acid content of 1 to 25% by weight. More preferably, it is 2 to 20% by weight. Further, the ratio of palmitic acid content/stearic acid content is preferably 1.5-5 in the transesterified oil used as a raw material for the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention. More preferably 2-4.
- the above random transesterification method may be a method using a chemical catalyst or a method using an enzyme catalyst.
- Chemical catalysts include, for example, alkali metal catalysts such as sodium methylate, and enzymatic catalysts include, for example, Alcaligenes, Penicillium, and Thermomyces lipases. These lipases may be immobilized on an ion-exchange resin, diatomaceous earth, or the like by a known method, or may be used in the form of powder.
- the amount of the oil for chocolates of the present invention used is preferably 20 to 65% by weight, more preferably 25 to 60% by weight, and still more preferably 25 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of chocolates.
- Optional ingredients such as colorants, emulsifiers, antioxidants, and flavorings that are commonly used for chocolates can be appropriately added to the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention. These are 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, relative to the fats and oils for chocolates of the present invention.
- the emulsifier include glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, lecithin, and the like.
- the fat for chocolates of the present invention obtained as described above can be used alone or in combination with cacao butter as a fat for chocolates, and chocolates can be produced without tempering treatment. can.
- “chocolate” as referred to in the present invention refers to "pure chocolate”, “chocolate”, and “semi-chocolate” as defined by the National Chocolate Industry Fair Trade Council, fats and oils other than cocoa butter and other than cacao solids.
- "Chocolate-like foods” consisting of edibles, and other foods such as curry flavor and cheese flavor, in which edibles are dispersed based on oils and fats.
- the constituent fatty acid composition of fats and oils was determined according to the standard fat analysis test method 2.4.2.1-2013.
- Method for measuring triglyceride composition (total carbon number) The triglyceride composition (total carbon number) of fats and oils was measured according to the standard fat analysis test method 2.4.6 triacylglycerin composition (gas chromatography) established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society.
- Method for measuring triglyceride composition (molecular species) The triglyceride composition (molecular species) of fats and oils was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in accordance with the standard method for analyzing fats and oils 2.4.6.2-2013.
- PStL a triglyceride with one palmitic acid, one stearic acid and one linoleic acid combined
- Identification of the molecular species of each peak was carried out from the results of measurements of known POP concentrates or SOS concentrates containing no laurin.
- SFC measurement method The analyzer used was "minispecmq20" manufactured by Bruker. SFC measurement was performed according to IUPAC2.150a (Solid Content Determination in Fats by NMR).
- the lauric acid content in the oil is less than 1%, the ratio of palmitic acid content / stearic acid content is 3.3), and the resulting transesterified oil is subjected to random transesterification with sodium methylate.
- Palm fraction low melting point (iodine value 67) 24.5 wt%, palm extremely hardened oil 14.5 wt%, palm kernel fraction low melting point (iodine value 26) 45 wt%, high oleic sunflower extreme hardened oil (iodine value 2 ) 13% by weight and 3% by weight of high oleic sunflower oil were subjected to random transesterification with sodium methylate and decolorized and deodorized by a conventional method to obtain oil H.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the analysis values of fats and oils in production examples.
- the fats and oils of the production examples were blended according to Tables 4 and 5.
- trans fatty acids account for 5% by weight or less in all constituent fatty acids
- lauric acid content in all constituent fatty acids is 1 to 13% by weight
- Fatty acids having a chain length of 16 or more carbon atoms account for 79 to 97% by weight of all constituent fatty acids
- D The proportion of lauric acid in the total saturated fatty acids is 1 to 18% by weight
- E The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in all constituent fatty acids is 15% by weight or more
- (Triglyceride composition (total carbon number) analysis value) The triglyceride composition (total carbon number) of Examples 1 to 11 of fats and oils for chocolates and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 of fats and oils for chocolates was analyzed. Tables 8 and 9 show the measurement results. In addition, evaluation was performed using the numerical values of (F) below.
- (F) triglyceride content of CN38 to CN46 in total triglycerides is 6 to 37.5% by weight
- "CN38-CN46 triglyceride" indicates a triglyceride in which the total number of carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids of the triglyceride in the oil is 38-46.
- S2O ratio of 35 to 75% by weight in total triglycerides H
- the proportion of SSS in all triglycerides is 5 to 15% by weight
- S is a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- O is oleic acid
- S2O is a triglyceride in which two S and one O are bonded
- SSS is a triglyceride in which three S are bonded.
- the prototype chocolates were completely melted, cooled to 45°C, poured into an aluminum cup, cooled to 5°C for 30 minutes, and subjected to sensory evaluation (hardness, flavor development, melting in the mouth) and bloom resistance test according to the following evaluation criteria. .
- Crystal type analysis by model storage test After applying a small amount of samples of Model Examples 1 and 2 and Model Comparative Examples 1 and 2 to a glass plate for an X-ray diffractometer, solidify, hold at 20°C for 1 week, and store under 17°C/28°C cycle conditions. Then, the crystal form was measured with an X-ray diffraction device at regular intervals.
- the measurement was performed using an X-ray diffractometer RIGAKU Mini Flex II (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, maximum rated output 450 W, rated voltage 30 kV, rated current 15 mA), scanning mode 2 ⁇ / ⁇ interlocking, divergence slit 1.25°, receiving slit 0.3 mm, An X-ray diffraction image of the sample was measured under the conditions of a diffuser slit of 1.25°, a monochrome receiving slit of 0.8 mm, a starting angle of 2.1° and an ending angle of 30.0°.
- Model Examples 1 and 2 tend to keep the ratio of ⁇ -type crystal content/ ⁇ '-type crystal content low over time, and the oil and fat for chocolates of the present invention. It was confirmed that the crystal transition to the ⁇ -type was suppressed by using .
- oils and fats for chocolates that have good meltability in the mouth, strong flavor expression, and strong bloom resistance, and oily foods using these oils and fats, especially chocolates that do not undergo tempering. can be suitably used.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 下記(a)~(d)を全て満たす、チョコレート類用油脂、
(a) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、トランス脂肪酸が5重量%以下
(b) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、ラウリン酸含量が1~13重量%
(c) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、炭素数16以上の鎖長を有する脂肪酸が79~97重量%
(d) 全トリグリセリドに占める、CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド含有量が6~37.5重量%
ただし、「CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド」とは、油脂中のトリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸の総炭素数が38~46のトリグリセリドを示す。
(2) 下記(e)~(f)を全て満たす、(1)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(e) 全トリグリセリドに占める、S2Oの割合が35~75重量%
(f) 全トリグリセリドに占める、SSSの割合が5~15重量%
ただし、Sは炭素数16~20の飽和脂肪酸、Oはオレイン酸、S2OはSが2つOが1つ結合したトリグリセリド、SSSはSが3つ結合したトリグリセリドを示す。
(3) 全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%である、(1)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(4) 全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%である、(2)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(5) 全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上である、(3)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(6) 全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上である、(4)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(7) 下記SFC%を全て満たす、(5)のチョコレート類用油脂、
・10℃のSFCが、80%以上
・20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
・40℃のSFCが、8%以下
(8) 下記SFC%を全て満たす、(6)のチョコレート類用油脂、
・10℃のSFCが、80%以上
・20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
・40℃のSFCが、8%以下
(9) 全構成脂肪酸に占めるステアリン酸含量が11~20重量%である、(7)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(10) 全構成脂肪酸に占めるステアリン酸含量が11~20重量%である、(8)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(11) (1)~(10)のチョコレート類用油脂を20重量%以上使用してなるチョコレート類、
(12) 構成脂肪酸中のラウリン酸含量が1~25重量%で、かつパルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比が1.5~5となるエステル交換油を、分別により高融点部又は高融点部及び低融点部を除去する、(1)~(10)のチョコレート類用油脂の製造方法、
(13) 下記(a)~(d)を全て満たし、チョコレートに配合する事で、チョコレート類中の油脂結晶がβ型へ転移することを抑制する機能を有する油脂、
(a) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、トランス脂肪酸が5重量%以下
(b) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、ラウリン酸含量が1~13重量%
(c) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、炭素数16以上の鎖長を有する脂肪酸が79~97重量%
(d) 全トリグリセリドに占める、CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド含有量が6~37.5重量%
ただし、「CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド」とは、油脂中のトリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸の総炭素数が38~46のトリグリセリドを示す。
(14) (1)~(10)のチョコレート類用油脂をチョコレート類に配合することで、チョコレート類中の油脂結晶がβ型へ転移することを抑制する方法、
である。
(21)下記(a)~(d)を全て満たし、チョコレートに配合する事で、チョコレート類中の油脂結晶がβ型へ転移することを抑制する機能を有する油脂、
(a) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、トランス脂肪酸が5重量%以下
(b) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、ラウリン酸含量が1~13重量%
(c) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、炭素数16以上の鎖長を有する脂肪酸が79~97重量%
(d) 全トリグリセリドに占める、CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド含有量が6~37.5重量%
ただし、「CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド」とは、油脂中のトリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸の総炭素数が38~46のトリグリセリドを示す。
(22) 下記(e)~(f)を全て満たす、(21)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(e) 全トリグリセリドに占める、S2Oの割合が35~75重量%
(f) 全トリグリセリドに占める、SSSの割合が5~15重量%
ただし、Sは炭素数16~20の飽和脂肪酸、Oはオレイン酸、S2OはSが2つOが1つ結合したトリグリセリド、SSSはSが3つ結合したトリグリセリドを示す。
(23) 全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%である、(21)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(24) 全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%である、(22)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(25) 全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上である、(23)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(26) 全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上である、(24)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(27) 下記SFC%を全て満たす、(25)のチョコレート類用油脂、
・10℃のSFCが、80%以上
・20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
・40℃のSFCが、8%以下
(28) 下記SFC%を全て満たす、(26)のチョコレート類用油脂、
・10℃のSFCが、80%以上
・20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
・40℃のSFCが、8%以下
(29) 全構成脂肪酸に占めるステアリン酸含量が11~20重量%である、(27)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(30) 全構成脂肪酸に占めるステアリン酸含量が11~20重量%である、(28)のチョコレート類用油脂、
(31) (21)~(30)のチョコレート類用油脂を20重量%以上使用してなるチョコレート類、
(32) 構成脂肪酸中のラウリン酸含量が1~25重量%で、かつパルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比が1.5~5となるエステル交換油を、分別により高融点部又は高融点部及び低融点部を除去する、(21)~(30)のチョコレート類用油脂の製造方法、
に関するものである。
また、本発明における非テンパリング型とは、かかるチョコレート類用油脂を用いてチョコレート類を製造する場合において、温度調整やシード剤添加などによるテンパリング処理を省略し、単純に冷却固化させる方法によってもチョコレート類を作成することができるタイプであることを意味する。
ここで原料油脂は、具体的には、パーム油、菜種油、ハイエルシン菜種油、ヒマワリ油、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油、大豆油、こめ油、コーン油、綿実油、落花生油、ベニバナ油、サフラワー油、オリーブ油、ゴマ油、パーム核油、ヤシ油、中鎖脂肪酸結合トリグリセリド(MCT)、シア脂、サル脂等の植物性油脂、乳脂、牛脂、ラード、魚油、鯨油等の動物性油脂、ならびに、それらの硬化油、分別油、硬化分別油、分別硬化油、エステル交換等を施した加工油脂、さらにこれらの混合油脂等が例示できる。
そして特に、パーム油、パーム核油、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油のいずれか一種以上を必須原料油脂として、好適に使用することができる。
また上記乳化剤としては、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、蔗糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン有機酸脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、レシチン、等が挙げられる。
油脂の構成脂肪酸組成は、基準油脂分析試験法2.4.2.1-2013により決定した。
(トリグリセリド組成(総炭素数)の測定方法)
油脂のトリグリセリド組成(総炭素数)の測定は、日本油化学会制定の基準油脂分析試験法2.4.6 トリアシルグリセリン組成(ガスクロマトグラフ法)に準じて実施した。
(トリグリセリド組成(分子種)の測定方法)
油脂のトリグリセリド組成(分子種)は、基準油脂分析法2.4.6.2-2013に準拠して高速液体クロマトグラフ法により測定した。測定条件は、(カラム;ODS、溶離液;アセトン/アセトニトリル=80/20、液量;0.9ml/分、カラム温度;25℃、検出器;示差屈折計)にて実施した。この測定の場合、PStL(パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸が1つずつ結合したトリグリセリド)はP2Oのピーク内に検出される場合がある。ラウリンを含まない既知のPOP濃縮物或いはSOS濃縮物の測定結果により各ピークの分子種の同定を行った。
(SFCの測定方法)
分析装置はBruker社製“minispecmq20”を使用した。SFC測定は、IUPAC2.150a (Solid Content Determination in Fats by NMR)に準じて行った。
パーム油43重量%、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価12)34重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ極度硬化油(ヨウ素価2)12重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油11重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量1%未満、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比3.3)を、ナトリウムメチラートによりランダムエステル交換を行い、得られたエステル交換油脂をヘキサン及びアセトン分別により、高融点部と低融点部を除去し、得られた分別中融点部を常法に従い脱色脱臭を行い、油脂Aを得た。
パーム油45重量%、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価31)5重量%、パーム核油35重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油8重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ極度硬化油(ヨウ素価2)7重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量16.3%、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比2.7)を、ナトリウムメチラートによりランダムエステル交換を行い、得られたエステル交換油脂をヘキサン分別により、高融点部と低融点部を除去し、得られた分別中融点部を常法に従い脱色脱臭を行い、油脂Bを得た。
ランダムエステル交換油の配合油として、パーム油24重量%、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価12)43.5重量%、パーム核油8重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ極度硬化油(ヨウ素価2)14重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油10.5重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量3.4%、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比2.9)を用いる以外は、製造例1と同様にして油脂Cを得た。
ランダムエステル交換油の配合油として、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価31)18.8重量%、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価12)30.4重量%、パーム極度硬化油18.2重量%、パーム核分別高融点部極度硬化油32.6重量%(極度硬化原料のパーム核分別高融点部のヨウ素価7)からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量17.5%、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比3.3)を用いる以外は、製造例2と同様にして油脂Dを得た。
ランダムエステル交換油の配合油として、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価31)66.5重量%、パーム極度硬化油13.5重量%、パーム核油11.2重量%、菜種極度硬化油5.8重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油1.8重量%、パーム油1.2重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量5.0%、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比3.1)を用いる以外は、製造例2と同様にして油脂Eを得た。
ランダムエステル交換油の配合油として、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価31)66.5重量%、パーム極度硬化油13.5重量%、パーム核油11.2重量%、菜種極度硬化油5.8重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油1.8重量%、パーム油1.2重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量5.0%、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比3.1)を用いる以外は、製造例1と同様にして油脂Fを得た。
パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価31)66.5重量%、パーム極度硬化油13.5重量%、パーム核油11.2重量%、菜種極度硬化油5.8重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油1.8重量%、パーム油1.2重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量5.0%、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比3.1)を、ナトリウムメチラートによりランダムエステル交換を行い、得られたエステル交換油脂をヘキサン分別により、高融点部を除去し、得られた分別低融点部を常法に従い脱色脱臭を行い、油脂Gを得た。
パーム分別低融点部(ヨウ素価67)24.5重量%、パーム極度硬化油14.5重量%、パーム核分別低融点部(ヨウ素価26)45重量%、ハイオレイックひまわり極度硬化油(ヨウ素価2)13重量%、ハイオレイックひまわり油3重量%からなる配合油を、ナトリウムメチラートによりランダムエステル交換を行い、常法により脱色脱臭を行い、油脂Hを得た。
パーム核分別高融点部(ヨウ素価7)を、ニッケル触媒によりヨウ素価2以下となるまで極度硬化を行い、定法により脱色脱臭を行い、油脂Iを得た。
ランダムエステル交換油の配合油として、パーム油43重量%、パーム分別高融点部(ヨウ素価12)34重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ極度硬化油(ヨウ素価2)12重量%、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油11重量%からなる配合油(配合油中のラウリン酸含量1%未満、パルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比3.3)を用いる以外は、製造例7と同様にして油脂Jを得た。
チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~6の脂肪酸組成を分析した。測定結果を表6及び表7に示す。また、下記(A)~(E)の数値にて評価を行った。
(A)全構成脂肪酸に占める、トランス脂肪酸が5重量%以下
(B)全構成脂肪酸に占める、ラウリン酸含量が1~13重量%
(C)全構成脂肪酸に占める、炭素数16以上の鎖長を有する脂肪酸が79~97重量%
(D)全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%
(E)全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上
・チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例2~3は、(A)~(E)の数値範囲を全て満たした。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例1及び比較例6は、(B)、(C)及び(D)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例4は、(B)及び(C)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例5は、(B)、(C)、(D)及び(E)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~6のトリグリセリド組成(総炭素数)を分析した。測定結果を表8及び表9に示す。また、下記(F)の数値にて評価を行った。
(F)全トリグリセリドに占める、CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド含有量が6~37.5重量%
ただし、「CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド」とは、油脂中のトリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸の総炭素数が38~46のトリグリセリドを示す。
・チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11は、(F)の数値範囲を満たした。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~6は、(F)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~6のトリグリセリド組成(分子種)を分析した。測定結果を表10及び表11に示す。また、下記(G)~(H)の数値にて評価を行った。
(G) 全トリグリセリドに占める、S2Oの割合が35~75重量%
(H) 全トリグリセリドに占める、SSSの割合が5~15重量%
ただし、Sは炭素数16~20の飽和脂肪酸、Oはオレイン酸、S2OはSが2つOが1つ結合したトリグリセリド、SSSはSが3つ結合したトリグリセリドを示す。
・チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~3及び比較例6は、(G)及び(H)の数値範囲を満たした。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例4~5は、(G)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~6のSFCを分析した。測定結果を表12及び表13に示す。また、下記(I)、(J)、(K)の数値にて評価を行った。
(I) 10℃のSFCが、80%以上
(J) 20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
(K) 40℃のSFCが、8%以下
・チョコレート類用油脂実施例1~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~3は、(I)、(J)及び(K)の数値範囲を満たした。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例4は、(K)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例5は、(J)及び(K)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
・チョコレート類用油脂比較例6は、(I)及び(J)の数値範囲を満たさないものであった。
上記で作製したチョコレート類用油脂実施例1~3、チョコレート類用油脂実施例9、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1~3を使用して、チョコレート類テストにより評価した。
植物油脂部にチョコレート類用油脂を使用し表14の配合に従い、チョコレート類(チョコレート類実施例1~3、チョコレート類比較例1~3)を作製した。配合は、食品添加物以外の合計を100%とし、そこへ食品添加物を上乗せした。
配合原料中の全脂粉乳は乳脂肪を26%、カカオマスはココアバターを55%含有していることから、本チョコレート類の油分は40.5%であり、油分に占めるココアバター、乳脂、植物油脂の含有率はそれぞれ20%、15%、65%と計算される。
試作したチョコレート類は完全溶解後、45℃まで冷却した後アルミカップに流し込み、5℃30分冷却し、下記の評価基準に従い官能評価(硬さ、風味発現、口溶け)及びブルーム耐性テストを行った。
3点以上を合格基準とした。
・5点 チョコレート類比較例1より硬く良好。
・4点 チョコレート類比較例1よりやや硬くやや良好。
・3点 チョコレート類比較例1と硬さは同等。
・2点 チョコレート類比較例1よりやや軟らかくやや不良。
・1点 チョコレート類比較例1よりやや軟らかく不良。
3点以上を合格基準とした。
・5点 チョコレート類比較例1より風味発現が強く良好。
・4点 チョコレート類比較例1より風味発現がやや強くやや良好。
・3点 チョコレート類比較例1と風味発現強度は同等。
・2点 チョコレート類比較例1より風味発現がやや弱くやや不良。
・1点 チョコレート類比較例1より風味発現が弱く不良。
3点以上を合格基準とした。
・5点 チョコレート類比較例1より口溶けが速く良好。
・4点 チョコレート類比較例1より口溶けがやや速くやや良好。
・3点 チョコレート類比較例1と口溶けは同等。
・2点 チョコレート類比較例1より口溶けはやや遅くやや不良。
・1点 チョコレート類比較例1より口溶けは遅く不良。
以下の条件にて経時的なチョコレート表面のブルーム発生状況を観察した。
・17℃一定
・20℃一定
・25℃一定
・17℃/28℃サイクル:1日で17℃と28℃を反復するサイクル条件(17℃8時間、4時間昇温、28℃8時間、降温4時間)
・17℃/30.5℃サイクル:1日で17℃と30.5℃を反復するサイクル条件(17℃8時間、4時間昇温、30.5℃8時間、降温4時間)
2点以上を合格基準とした。
・5点 ツヤの消失共に観察されない。
・4点 極めて僅かにツヤの消失が観察される。
・3点 僅かにツヤの消失が観察される。
・2点 明らかなツヤの消失が観察される。
・1点 ブルーム発現が観察される。
・チョコレート類比較例1~3は、いずれも硬さ、風味発現、口溶けの一つ以上で不合格であったか、或いは6週間の保管中に1つ以上のサイクル保存テストにてブルームが発生した。
・チョコレート類実施例1~4はいずれもチョコレート類比較例1よりも17℃、20℃、25℃一定保存においてツヤの消失が観察されるまでの時間が遅延していることから、既存技術であるチョコレート類比較例1を基準として、チョコレート類実施例1~4においてココアバター相溶性の改善が見られている事が確認された。また、同様に17℃/28℃サイクル保存、17℃/30.5℃サイクル保存においてもブルーム発現に至らない事から、中温~高温域のサイクル条件におけるブルーム耐性が向上していることが確認された。
上記で作製したチョコレート類用油脂実施例4~8、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1、チョコレート類用油脂比較例4~5を使用し、表16に従い、チョコレート類テスト1と同様に、チョコレート類を試作評価した。尚、配合原料中のココアパウダーはココアバターを11%、カカオマスはココアバターを55%含有していることから、本チョコレート類の油分は40%であり、油分に占めるココアバター、植物油脂の含有率はそれぞれ20%、80%と計算される。
・チョコレート類比較例4~6は、いずれかの保管温度において9週間の保管中にブルームが発生した。
上記で作製したチョコレート類用油脂実施例10~11、チョコレート類用油脂比較例1、比較例6を使用して、表18に従い、チョコレート類テスト1と同様に、チョコレート類を試作評価した。尚、前述の全脂粉乳、ココアパウダー、カカオマス中の油分から、本チョコレート類の油分は42.4%であり、油分に占めるココアバター、乳脂、植物油脂の含有率はそれぞれ20%、5%、75%と計算される。
・チョコレート類比較例7~8は、13週間にわたる17℃/28℃サイクル保管中にブルームが発生した。
本発明をチョコレート類に用いた際にサイクルブルーム耐性が強化された理由を考察する目的で、表20に示す配合を調合した。ココアバターは不二製油株式会社製「ココアバター201」を用いた。
モデル実施例1~2、モデル比較例1~2のサンプルをX線回折装置用ガラスプレートに少量アプライした後、固化させ、20℃1週間保持した後、17℃/28℃サイクル条件にて保存し、一定期間ごとに結晶型をX線回折装置にて測定した。測定は、X線回折装置RIGAKU Mini FlexII(株式会社リガク社製、最大定格出力450W、定格電圧30kV、定格電流15mA)を用い、スキャンモード2θ/θ連動、発散スリット1.25°、受光スリット0.3mm、散光スリット1.25°、モノクロ受光スリット0.8mm、開始角2.1°、終了角30.0°の条件で試料のX線回折像を測定した。得られたX線回折像を解析して、試料油脂のβ’型結晶(4.2Å)、β型結晶(4.6Å)のピーク強度から、「β型結晶量/β’型結晶量の比」を算出した。
Claims (14)
- 下記(a)~(d)を全て満たす、チョコレート類用油脂。
(a) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、トランス脂肪酸が5重量%以下
(b) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、ラウリン酸含量が1~13重量%
(c) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、炭素数16以上の鎖長を有する脂肪酸が79~97重量%
(d) 全トリグリセリドに占める、CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド含有量が6~37.5重量%
ただし、「CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド」とは、油脂中のトリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸の総炭素数が38~46のトリグリセリドを示す。 - 下記(e)~(f)を全て満たす、請求項1記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
(e) 全トリグリセリドに占める、S2Oの割合が35~75重量%
(f) 全トリグリセリドに占める、SSSの割合が5~15重量%
ただし、Sは炭素数16~20の飽和脂肪酸、Oはオレイン酸、S2OはSが2つOが1つ結合したトリグリセリド、SSSはSが3つ結合したトリグリセリドを示す。 - 全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%である、請求項1記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
- 全飽和脂肪酸に占めるラウリン酸の割合が1~18重量%である、請求項2記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
- 全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上である、請求項3記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
- 全構成脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の割合が15重量%以上である、請求項4記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
- 下記SFC%を全て満たす、請求項5記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
・10℃のSFCが、80%以上
・20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
・40℃のSFCが、8%以下 - 下記SFC%を全て満たす、請求項6記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
・10℃のSFCが、80%以上
・20℃のSFCが、55%~95%
・40℃のSFCが、8%以下 - 全構成脂肪酸に占めるステアリン酸含量が11~20重量%である、請求項7記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
- 全構成脂肪酸に占めるステアリン酸含量が11~20重量%である、請求項8記載のチョコレート類用油脂。
- 請求項1~10いずれか1項に記載のチョコレート類用油脂を20重量%以上使用してなるチョコレート類。
- 構成脂肪酸中のラウリン酸含量が1~25重量%で、かつパルミチン酸含量/ステアリン酸含量の比が1.5~5となるエステル交換油を、分別により高融点部又は高融点部及び低融点部を除去する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のチョコレート類用油脂の製造方法。
- 下記(a)~(d)を全て満たし、チョコレートに配合する事で、チョコレート類中の油脂結晶がβ型へ転移することを抑制する機能を有する油脂。
(a) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、トランス脂肪酸が5重量%以下
(b) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、ラウリン酸含量が1~13重量%
(c) 全構成脂肪酸に占める、炭素数16以上の鎖長を有する脂肪酸が79~97重量%
(d) 全トリグリセリドに占める、CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド含有量が6~37.5重量%
ただし、「CN38~CN46のトリグリセリド」とは、油脂中のトリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸の総炭素数が38~46のトリグリセリドを示す。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のチョコレート類用油脂をチョコレート類に配合することで、チョコレート類中の油脂結晶がβ型へ転移することを抑制する方法。
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