WO2022224980A1 - 抗cd20抗体の放射性複合体、及び、放射性医薬 - Google Patents
抗cd20抗体の放射性複合体、及び、放射性医薬 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022224980A1 WO2022224980A1 PCT/JP2022/018246 JP2022018246W WO2022224980A1 WO 2022224980 A1 WO2022224980 A1 WO 2022224980A1 JP 2022018246 W JP2022018246 W JP 2022018246W WO 2022224980 A1 WO2022224980 A1 WO 2022224980A1
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- HSVFKFNNMLUVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl diazide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NS(=O)(=O)N=[N+]=[N-] HSVFKFNNMLUVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004905 tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000341 threoninyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 102000003601 transglutaminase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002987 valine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])(C(*)=O)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
- A61K51/1096—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies radioimmunotoxins, i.e. conjugates being structurally as defined in A61K51/1093, and including a radioactive nucleus for use in radiotherapeutic applications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/088—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins conjugates with carriers being peptides, polyamino acids or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1027—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody against receptors, cell-surface antigens or cell-surface determinants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1045—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody against animal or human tumor cells or tumor cell determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to anti-CD20 antibody radioconjugates and radiopharmaceuticals.
- CD20 is a transmembrane phosphorylated protein with a molecular weight of 33-37 kDa that is expressed on the surface of human B lymphocytes. expressed in cells.
- Rituximab is known as an anti-CD20 antibody.
- Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody (Patent Document 3) consisting of a human-mouse chimeric antibody derived from the mouse antibody 2B8 obtained by immunizing an SB cell line, which is a human B cell, and its formulation is one of molecular target therapeutic agents. It is used as an anticancer agent and an immunosuppressant.
- Rituximab is known to be an antibody used in ADC (Antibody Drug Conjugate).
- ADC Antibody Drug Conjugate
- a payload drug
- chemotherapeutic drugs have high target selectivity and relatively few side effects, they sometimes have insufficient efficacy.
- One type of payload, chemotherapeutic agents has strong efficacy but low target selectivity, so the minimum effective dose required to kill cancer cells is high. Since it cannot be raised very much, the problem is that the maximum tolerated dose is low and the therapeutic dose range is narrow. According to ADC, it becomes possible to selectively deliver more chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells, and as a result, less chemotherapeutic agents reach normal cells. It is expected that the therapeutic dose range will be widened by increasing the maximum tolerated dose.
- radioimmunoconjugate In radioimmunoconjugates, radionuclides are used instead of payloads.
- Patent Document 1 relates to an ADC of an anti-CD20 antibody, and discloses that the anti-CD20 antibody is RI-labeled.
- Patent Document 2 relates to an ADC of an anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab), describes a drug in which a payload is covalently bound to an antibody via a linker, and describes a DOTA-Bn-thiourea linker as the linker.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose or suggest the problem of anti-CD20 antibodies forming thiourea bonds.
- One aspect of the present invention is a complex of an anti-CD20 antibody and a chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent is chelated with a radiometal nuclide, and the anti-CD20 antibody and the chelating agent are linked via a linker (L). and the linker (L) is a complex that does not contain a thiourea bond.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a radiopharmaceutical containing the above complex as an active ingredient.
- Another aspect of the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, a complex of a chelating agent in which a radiometal nuclide is chelated and an anti-CD20 antibody, and does not contain a thiourea bond in the linkage between the anti-CD20 antibody and the chelating agent.
- a radiopharmaceutical in which the radiochemical purity of the conjugate is 90% or more when stored at room temperature for 7 days.
- connection means both direct and indirect connection, unless otherwise specified.
- a radioconjugate of an anti-CD20 antibody with improved stability compared to conventional ones is provided without impairing its efficacy.
- Figure 3 shows the amino acid sequence of the light chain of rituximab.
- Figure 2 shows the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of rituximab.
- Figure 2 shows the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of rituximab.
- Figure 2 shows the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of rituximab.
- 1 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the antigen-binding activity of radioactive complexes produced according to the descriptions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. The vertical axis indicates the value obtained by dividing the count value in the ROI set in the tumor section used by the area of the ROI, and the value obtained by dividing the count value of the standard radiation source by the area of the ROI, and the horizontal axis indicates the value.
- the vertical axis represents the relative value when the tumor volume at the time of administration of each drug is set to 1, and the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed since administration of each drug.
- the graph represents the mean ⁇ standard deviation of the tumor volume (relative value) of each group, "*" is the time point when a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05) was observed from the antibody control group, " ⁇ ” is the vehicle The time point at which a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05) was observed for the groups is indicated.
- 2 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the antigen-binding activity of radioactive complexes produced according to the descriptions of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. The vertical axis indicates the value obtained by dividing the count value in the ROI set in the tumor section used by the area of the ROI, and the value obtained by dividing the count value of the standard radiation source by the area of the ROI, and the horizontal axis indicates the value.
- the vertical axis represents the ratio of radioactivity accumulation in the tumor to the radioactivity accumulation in the blood, and the horizontal axis indicates the cancer-bearing tumor used for evaluation.
- the graph represents the mean ⁇ standard deviation of the ratio of radioaccumulation in tumor to blood.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the cytocidal effect of 225 Ac complex-labeled rituximab on SU-DHL-2 cells. Unlabeled rituximab and POLIVY® were added as controls.
- Radioactive conjugate provides a conjugate of an anti-CD20 antibody and a chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent is chelated with a radiometal nuclide, and the anti-CD20 antibody and the chelating agent are linked via a linker (L).
- the linker (L) is a conjugate (hereinafter also referred to as the radioconjugate of the present invention) that does not contain a thiourea bond.
- Radiometal nuclide contained in the radioactive complex of the present invention is an ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide, a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide, a positron-emitting radionuclide, or a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide. It is a radionuclide.
- the radioconjugate of the present invention is used for cancer therapy, it is preferable to use an ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide or a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide.
- radioconjugate of the present invention When the radioconjugate of the present invention is used for cancer diagnosis or detection, it is preferable to use a positron-emitting radionuclide or a ⁇ -ray-emitting radionuclide.
- Bi-212, Bi-213, Ac-225, and Th-227 are exemplified as radionuclides that emit alpha rays.
- Cu-64, Y-90 or Lu-177 are exemplified as radionuclides that emit ⁇ rays. Examples of radionuclides that emit positrons include Cu-64, Ga-68, Y-86, and Zr-89.
- Tc-99m or In-111 is exemplified as a radionuclide that emits gamma rays.
- the radiometal nuclide contained in the radioconjugate of the present invention is more preferably Ga-68, Zr-89, Y-90, In-111, Lu-177 or Ac-225, Zr-89, Y-90, Lu -177 or Ac-225 are more preferred.
- the antibody contained in the radioconjugate of the present invention is an immunoglobulin that specifically binds to CD20 (hereinafter also referred to as the antibody used in the present invention).
- the antibodies used in the present invention may be polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies, preferably monoclonal antibodies.
- the origin of the antibody is not particularly limited, but examples include non-human animal antibodies, non-human mammal antibodies, and human antibodies, preferably human, rat, mouse, and rabbit antibodies.
- Antibodies derived from species other than humans are preferably chimerized or humanized using well-known techniques, but the antibodies used in the present invention may be chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, or human antibodies.
- may Antibodies used in the present invention may also be bispecific antibodies.
- Antibodies used in the invention are, for example, IgG, and can be, for example, IgG1, IgG2 (eg, IgG2a and IgG2b), IgG3, or IgG4.
- the antibody used in the radioconjugate of the present invention is rituximab or ibritumomab.
- rituximab is specifically the light chain amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) set forth in FIG. and the heavy chain amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) shown in Figures 2-1 to 2-3 is a humanized antibody comprising Rituximab is clinically used as an anticancer drug indicated for CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and immunosuppressive CD20-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. ; registered trademark).
- Ibritumomab is a murine CD20 monoclonal antibody, the drug labeled with yttrium (Y-90) is available as Zevalin®.
- the chelating agent is not particularly limited as long as it has a site in its structure to which a radiometal nuclide is coordinated.
- Chelating agents such as CB-TE2A (1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid), CDTA (Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid) , CDTPA (4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-pentanoicacid), DOTA (1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), DOTMA ((1R ,4R,7R,10R)- ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ′′, ⁇ '′′-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetratetra.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are each independently —(CH 2 ) p COOH, —(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, —(CH 2 ) a group consisting of p PO 3 H 2 , —(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, R 15 is a hydrogen atom, and p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less; be.
- the compound represented by formula (A) preferably includes a structure derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or a derivative thereof.
- DOTA 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- DOTMA ((1R,4R,7R,10R)- ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ”, ⁇ '”-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
- DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1 ,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
- DOTPA 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrapropionic acid), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyr
- the chelating agent used is DOTA-GA
- the chelating agent may be a stereoisomer (S-isomer, R-isomer) or a racemate. It may be a mixture of S-stereoisomers and R-stereoisomers in any ratio.
- a chelating agent used in the present invention is linked to an anti-CD20 antibody via a linker (L).
- the anti-CD20 antibody used in the present invention is site-specifically modified with a peptide, in which case the chelating agent used in the present invention is linked to the peptide via a linker (L).
- the chelating agent and the linker (L) are connected by a covalent bond. Therefore, in the radioconjugate of the present invention, some groups in the compound of the aforementioned chelating agent may be substituted with groups that form covalent bonds with the linker (L).
- R 12 or R 15 may be substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond with the linker (L).
- R 15 is a hydrogen atom when R 12 is substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond with the linker (L), and R 12 is —(CH 2 ) p COOH, —(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, —(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , —(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or —(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, when R 15 is a linker (L) and It is substituted with a group that forms a covalent bond.
- the covalent bond between the chelating agent and the linker (L) does not have to contain a thiourea bond, and includes carbon-carbon bonds, amide bonds, ether bonds, ester bonds and the like.
- connection between the chelating agent and the linker (L) is, for example, an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) group of formula (A-7) or (A-8) below, or 2, of formula (A-9) below.
- NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- the peptide modifies the antibody site-specifically, preferably the Fc region site-specifically, more preferably the lysine residue in the Fc region of the antibody site-specifically. If so, it is not particularly limited. As a result, the activity of the antibody itself (antigen recognition action, neutralization action, complement activation action and/or opsonization action) can be maintained.
- the peptide used in the present invention may be a chain peptide or a cyclic peptide, but a cyclic peptide is preferred. More preferably, it contains an amino acid sequence consisting of 13 or more and 17 or less amino acid residues represented by the following formula (i) (hereinafter also referred to as "antibody-modified peptide") and is modified with a cross-linking agent.
- formula (i) the left side of the amino acid sequence on the page indicates the N-terminal side, and the right side of the amino acid sequence on the page indicates the C-terminal side.
- Xa, Xb, Xc and Xd each represent a consecutive number of X, b consecutive number of X, c consecutive number of X, and d consecutive number of X;
- X is an amino acid residue having neither a thiol group nor a haloacetyl group in its side chain;
- a, b, c and d are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less and satisfy a+b+c+d ⁇ 14, and
- Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 are each independently Represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in its side chain or an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in its side chain, provided that either one of Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 has a thiol group an
- Amino acid residues that can be included in X in the above formula (i) include, for example, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, proline, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, derived from amino acids such as methionine. and when there are multiple Xs, they may be amino acid residues consisting of the same type of amino acid, or amino acid residues consisting of different types of amino acids.
- a, b, c and d in formula (i) are not particularly limited as long as they are numbers within the ranges described above, from the viewpoint of the binding stability between the peptide and the anti-CD20 antibody, on the condition that a + b + c + d ⁇ 14, a is preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, b is preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, c is preferably an integer of 3 or more and 5 or less, and d is preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- At least one of Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 is an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in its side chain, and the amino acids may be the same or different.
- amino acids having a thiol group in their side chains include cysteine and homocysteine.
- Such amino acid residues are preferably linked by a disulfide bond or linked by a sulfide group via the structure shown in formula (4) below.
- the wavy line portion indicates the bonding portion with the sulfide group.
- Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 are, in place of the above combinations, one of Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in the side chain, and the other an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in the side chain. It may be an amino acid residue derived from. They are linked via a thioether bond. A haloacetyl group is terminated with a halogen such as iodine, and reacts with a thiol group on the other side chain to eliminate the halogen and form a thioether bond.
- a halogen such as iodine
- antibody-modified peptides represented by formula (i) include, for example, peptides described in WO2016/186206, WO2017/217347 and WO2018/230257. , these can also be used.
- the antibody-modified peptide used in the present invention is an amino acid sequence consisting of 13 to 17 amino acid residues represented by formula (i)' below. ( X1-3 )-C-( Xaa3 ')-( Xaa4 ')-H-(Xaa1')-G-( Xaa2 ')- LVWC- ( X1-3 ) (i)'
- each of X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine;
- C is a cysteine residue, H is a histidine residue,
- Xaa 1 ' is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid;
- G is a glycine residue,
- Xaa 2 ' is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue;
- L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, W is a tryptophan residue,
- Xaa 3 ' is an alanine, serine or threonine residue and
- Xaa 4 ' is a tyrosine or tryptophan residue.
- the notation X 1-3 at the N-terminus or C-terminus means that 1 to 3 consecutive amino acid residues X independently of cysteine (C or Cys) It means that the amino acid residues constituting it are the same or different residues, but preferably consist of a sequence in which all three are not the same residues.
- the amino acid sequence of the antibody-modified peptide preferably has any one of the following sequences (1) to (14), and the following sequences (1), (2), and (13) or (14) is more preferred.
- (Xaa 2 ) is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, preferably a lysine residue.
- groups, preferably (Xaa 2 ) is modified with a cross-linking agent, and (Xaa 1 ) and (Xaa 3 ) both represent homocysteine residues.
- amino acids other than (Xaa 1 ), (Xaa 2 ) and (Xaa 3 ) are represented by single-letter abbreviations.
- the peptide represented by the above formula (i) or (i)' or the peptide having the sequences (1) to (14) preferably has a linker (L) introduced at the N-terminus and is amidated at the C-terminus. be done.
- Xaa 2 (or the Xaa 2 equivalent) of these peptides is modified with a cross-linking agent, which allows the peptides to covalently bind to the Fc region of the anti-CD20 antibody via the cross-linking agent.
- the Xaa 2 corresponding moiety is Xaa 1 ′.
- the cross-linking agent can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art, and contains desired amino acids (eg, lysine residue, cysteine residue, aspartic acid residue, glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionate acid, arginine residue, etc.).
- desired amino acids eg, lysine residue, cysteine residue, aspartic acid residue, glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionate acid, arginine residue, etc.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, cross-linking agents preferably containing two or more succinimidyl groups such as DSG (disuccinimidyl glutarate), DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate), DMA (dimethyl adipimidate 2HCl, dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride), DMP (dimethyl pimelimidate 2HCl, dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride), and DMS (dimethyl suberimidate 2HCl, dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride).
- DSG disuccinimidyl glutarate
- DSS disuccinimidyl suberate
- DMA dimethyl adipimidate 2HCl, dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride
- DMP dimethyl pimelimidate 2HCl, dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride
- DMS dimethyl suberimidate 2HCl, dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride
- Cross-linking agents preferably containing two or more, and DTBP (dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate 2HCl, 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidic acid dimethyl dihydrochloride) and DSP (dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate), dithiobissuccinimide SBAP (succinimidyl 3-(bromoacetamide) propionate) and cross-linking agents having an SS bond such as dilpropionic acid)).
- a cross-linking agent containing a succinimidyl group such as DSS or DSG reacts with the primary amine present at the N - terminus of the peptide. It can be specifically modified with DSS or DSG.
- a linker may be previously introduced to the N-terminus of the antibody-modified peptide and then reacted with DSS or DSG.
- the succinimidyl group of DSS or DSG reacts with the Lys250 or Lys252 residue according to Eu numbering in an anti-CD20 antibody (eg, rituximab) to site-specifically modify the anti-CD20 antibody with a peptide.
- an anti-CD20 antibody eg, rituximab
- Lys residues are present in the Fc region of human IgG, and even for anti-CD20 antibodies other than rituximab, those skilled in the art can align the amino acid sequences of the antibodies and identify the corresponding Lys residues. .
- Linker (L) is not particularly limited as long as it can link the chelating agent and the peptide in the radioconjugate of the present invention.
- the linker (L) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not contain a thiourea bond, and may include substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups, peptides, Examples include sugar chains, disulfide groups, amide groups, and combinations thereof.
- the linker (L) is a general term for linkers used to connect a peptide-modified anti-CD20 antibody and a chelating agent, including antibody-modified linkers (L 1 ) and chelate linkers (L 2 ). terminology.
- the antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) which will be described in detail later, is introduced to the N-terminal side of the peptide described in (1-4), and the chelate linker (L 2 ) will also be described in detail later. It is introduced into the functional group of the chelating agent described in (1-3).
- the linker (L) used in the present invention may contain a binding site formed by a click reaction.
- the antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) and the chelate linker (L 2 ) are bound by a click reaction. ing.
- the chelate linker ( L2) does not contain a thiourea bond.
- the binding site formed by the click reaction is preferably a triazole skeleton-containing structure represented by the following formula (10a) or (10b) or a pyridazine skeleton-containing structure represented by the following formula (10c). . Since Formula (10a) and Formula (10b) are in an isomer relationship, they may be contained in an arbitrary ratio.
- R1A represents the linking site with the chelating agent
- R2A represents the linking site with the antibody-modified peptide
- one of R 3A and R 4A represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group, the other represents a linking site with a chelating agent
- R 5A is a linking site with an antibody-modified peptide.
- the peptide is linked via an antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) to the antibody-modified peptide linking site, and the chelating agent linking site is A chelating agent is linked via a chelate linker (L 2 ).
- the antibody is site-specifically modified with a peptide, and the peptide and chelating agent are linked via a linker (L). It is a complex of chelating agents.
- the radioactive conjugate of the present invention comprises a conjugation step of conjugating a chelating agent and an anti-CD20 antibody, and a complex forming step of forming a complex between a radiometal nuclide and a chelating agent.
- the conjugation step may be before the complex formation step or after the complex formation step.
- the chelating agent or linker (L) having the aforementioned antibody-modified peptide is site-specifically modified to the Fc region of the antibody.
- the chelating agent is allowed to chelate (complex) the radiometal nuclide.
- the radiometal nuclide used here is preferably used in an ionizable form, more preferably in an ionic form.
- the order of addition of the radiometal nuclide to the chelating agent does not matter as long as complex formation with the radiometal nuclide is possible.
- a solution in which radioactive metal ions are dissolved in a solvent mainly composed of water can be used as a radionuclide.
- the resulting complex may be purified using filtration filters, membrane filters, columns packed with various packing materials, chromatography, and the like.
- the conjugation step is preferably performed after the complex formation step.
- a complex is formed between a radiometal nuclide and a chelating agent having a click-reactive first atomic group as a substituent for enabling conjugation with an antibody.
- the conjugation step (B) the Fc region is site-specifically modified using the antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) having the above-described antibody-modified peptide and a click-reactive second atomic group.
- a click reaction is carried out between the antibody and the complexed chelating agent obtained in step (A) to obtain the radioconjugate of the invention. Steps (A) and (B) are described in detail below.
- the combination of the first atomic group and the second atomic group capable of a click reaction an appropriate one is selected according to the type of click reaction. and an alkene.
- the first atomic group has one of the above combinations of atomic groups
- the second atomic group has one of the above combinations of atomic groups different from the first atomic group.
- the chelate linker (L 2 ) is an alkyne and the antibody modification linker (L 1 ) is an azide, or the chelate linker ( It is preferred that L 2 ) is a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and the antibody-modified linker (L 1 ) is an alkene.
- Specific examples of the click reaction by such a combination of atomic groups include Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, inverse electron demand type Diels-Alder reaction, and the like.
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctyne
- Combinations with atomic groups (formula (2b)) containing trans-cyclooctene (TCO) can be mentioned as diatomic alkenes.
- a combination of formula (1a) and formula (2a) is preferred.
- R1 represents the linking site with the chelating agent
- R2 represents the linking site with the antibody-modified peptide
- R 3 and R 4 represents the linking site with the chelating agent or the linking site with the antibody-modified peptide, and the other represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group.
- R 5 is a linking site with the antibody-modified peptide when the atomic group of formula (1b) is linked to the chelating agent, and is a chelating agent when the atomic group of formula (1b) is linked to the antibody-modified peptide. shows the linking site with
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctyne
- various commercially available DBCO reagents can be used. Specifically, for example, DBCO-C6-Acid, Dibenzylcyclooctyne-Amine, Dibenzylcyclooctyne Maleimide, DBCO-PEG acid, DBCO-PEG-Alcohol, DBCO-PEG-amine, DBCO-PEG-NH-Boc, Carboxyrhodamine-PEG-DBCO , Sulforhodamine-PEG-DBCO, TAMRA-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Biotin, DBCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Maleimide, TCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-mPEG, etc., preferably Dibenzyloctyne
- a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (ii) is more preferably used in the complex formation step (A).
- AB-C (ii) In formula (ii), A is the aforementioned chelating agent, and B and C collectively are chelate linkers (L 2 ).
- La and Lb are independently linkers having 1 to 50 carbon atoms including at least an amide bond, t is an integer of 0 to 30, and s is 0 or 1. , * is the binding site with A and ** is the binding site with C.
- C is either an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic) or a tetrazine derivative represented by formula (iid) below.
- X is CHRk-** or N-**
- Y is CHRk or C ⁇ O
- Rk is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and when X is CHRk-** and Y is CHRk, the Rk moieties may together form a cycloalkyl group
- Rf, Rg, Rh and Ri are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in which Rf and Rg together or Rh and Ri may together form a hydrocarbon ring
- ** represents the bonding site with B
- Rj represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group.
- R 11 to R 14 are —(CH 2 ) p COOH, p is 1, and R 15 is a binding site to B. or R 11 to R 14 are —(CH 2 ) p COOH, p is 1, R 12 is a binding site (*) to B, and R 15 is a hydrogen atom Either DO3A derivatives or DOTAGA derivatives are more preferred.
- A is the above DOTAGA derivative
- B is a linker with 1 to 50 carbon atoms in which La contains an amide bond, s is 0 or 1, and s is 1 is an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less
- Lb is a linker having 1 or more and 50 or less carbon atoms including an amide bond
- C is an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic), and )
- X is N-**
- Y is CHRk
- Rk is a hydrogen atom
- Rf and Rg combine to form a benzene ring
- Rh and Ri combine to form benzene
- a DOTAGA-PEGt-DBCO derivative that forms a ring and ** is the binding site for B is preferred. More preferred is DOTAGA-DBCO described below.
- the molar ratio of the chelating agent and the radiometal nuclide is preferably 10/1 or more, more preferably 100/1 or more, even more preferably 500/1 or more, and the upper limit is 10000 as chelate portion/radiometal nuclide. /1 or less, more preferably 8000/1 or less, still more preferably 7000/1 or less, for example, the range of 100/1 or more and 7000/1 or less is preferable, and the range of 500/1 or more and 7000/1 or less is more preferable. is.
- the complex formation reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- solvents include water, physiological saline, sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, trishydroxymethylaminomethane buffer (Tris buffer), 4-( 2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer (HEPES buffer) or buffers such as tetramethylammonium acetate buffer can be used.
- the liquid volume of the solvent is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the production process, the lower limit is 0.01 mL or more, preferably 0.1 mL or more, and more preferably 1.0 mL or more at the start of step (A). , More preferably 10 mL or more, still more preferably 100 mL or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 mL or less, more preferably 100 mL or less, still more preferably 10 mL or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mL or less. .01 mL or more and 100 mL or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of the chelating agent in the reaction solution for the complex formation reaction is preferably 0.001 ⁇ mol/L at the start of step (A) independently from the viewpoint of the yield of the desired chelating agent.
- the upper limit is preferably 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ mol/L or less, More preferably, it is 10 ⁇ mol/L or less, for example, a range of 1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 100 ⁇ mol/L or less.
- the temperature of the complex formation reaction may be, for example, room temperature (25° C.) or may be under heating conditions. , preferably 20°C or higher, more preferably 30°C or higher, still more preferably 35°C or higher, still more preferably 37°C or higher, particularly preferably 45°C or higher, and the upper limit is preferably 150°C or lower, more preferably
- the temperature is 120° C. or lower, more preferably 100° C. or lower, and even more preferably 90° C. or lower.
- the antibody used in step (B) is the antibody-modified peptide described above and an antibody-modified linker (L 2 ) having a click-reactive second atomic group, and the above "(1-2) antibody” It is a peptide-modified antibody in which the Fc region (constant region) of the anti-CD20 antibody described in detail in the section is site-specifically modified.
- Antibody-modified peptides are produced by peptide synthesis methods such as liquid-phase synthesis, solid-phase synthesis, automated peptide synthesis, genetic recombination, and phage display, using a combination of amino acids, whether natural or non-natural. It can be manufactured by providing In synthesizing the peptide, functional groups of amino acids used may be protected as necessary. These can be performed, for example, according to the methods described in WO2017/217347 and WO2018/230257.
- the antibody-modified linker (L 2 ) may be a combination of an antibody-modified peptide and a linker (L 2 ) represented by formula (S1) below.
- *-((L i ) m -Z) k -L ii -AG2 (S1) (Wherein, * indicates the binding site with the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide, Li is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker moiety ; m is an integer of 1 or more and 50 or less, Z is a second linker moiety that connects (L i ) m and L ii , k is 0 or 1, L ii is the second PEG linker moiety; AG2 is the second atomic group. )
- the structure of Z is not particularly limited as long as it is a linker structure that connects (L i ) m and L ii to each other. be able to.
- the amino acid sequence contained in Z preferably contains a cysteine residue, and is more preferably bound to L2 via a thioether group formed by binding the thiol group of the cysteine residue and the maleimide group. preferable.
- the polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker moiety constituting Lii has a structure represented by the following formula (P2).
- n is an integer, preferably 1 or more and 50 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 20 or less, still more preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, still more preferably 2 or more and 6 or less.
- One end of the structure of the PEG linker portion may be modified with a structure derived from a commercially available PEGylation reagent or a structure derived from a reagent commonly used for PEGylation, and is not particularly limited, for example, diglycol Structures derived from acids or derivatives thereof, maleimides or derivatives thereof are exemplified.
- the method for introducing the second atomic group into the antibody-modified linker (L 2 ) is to obtain an antibody-modified peptide having a desired amino acid sequence by the method described above, and then add the peptide with a solubilizing agent and a reducing agent, and Dissolve in a solution to which an acid has been added as necessary, add an organic solvent solution of an atomic group containing an azide group or trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as a second atomic group to the solution, and stir at room temperature.
- TCO trans-cyclooctene
- an atomic group containing an azide group As the second atomic group, a commercially available azide group introduction reagent is used to directly introduce an azide group to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide according to a conventional method, or An atomic group containing an azide group can be introduced via the linker structure.
- the azide group-introducing reagent used include silyl azide, phosphate azide, alkylammonium azide, inorganic azide, sulfonyl azide, PEG azide, and the like.
- TCO when introducing an atomic group containing TCO as the second atomic group, TCO may be introduced directly to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide according to a conventional method using a commercially available click chemistry reagent containing TCO. , or an atomic group containing TCO can be introduced via the linker structure described above.
- a method of obtaining a peptide-modified antibody by binding an antibody-modified peptide and an anti-CD20 antibody is according to the description of WO 2017/217347, for example, the antibody-modified peptide described above, an anti-CD20 antibody, and a cross-linking agent. and optionally the catalyst can be dispersed in a suitable buffer.
- the above-mentioned thing can be used for a crosslinking agent.
- the solution containing the anti-CD20 antibody is treated with an ultrafiltration filter or the like and dispersed in the buffer, if necessary.
- the buffer solution is replaced once or twice. It may be performed one or more times before binding with the antibody-modified peptide.
- the present disclosure relates to a method of producing a conjugate of an antibody-modified peptide and an anti-CD20 antibody comprising mixing an antibody-modified peptide that has been modified with a cross-linking agent and an anti-CD20 antibody.
- a cross-linking reaction can occur between the antibody-modified peptide modified with the cross-linking agent and the anti-CD20 antibody.
- the cross-linking reaction is site-specific between the Xaa 2 amino acid residue of the antibody-modified peptide and the Lys250 or Lys252 residue according to Eu numbering in human IgG Fc, preferably Lys252 residue can occur.
- the conditions for the mixing step are not particularly limited as long as the cross-linking reaction occurs between the antibody-modified peptide and the anti-CD20 antibody.
- the reaction can be carried out by mixing the antibody-modified peptide and the anti-CD20 antibody in an appropriate buffer at room temperature (eg, about 15°C to 30°C).
- the mixing step may be performed by adding an appropriate amount of a catalyst that promotes the cross-linking reaction, if necessary.
- a solvent containing at least water is added to dissolve the anti-CD20 antibody.
- the solvent may be, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, physiological saline, or sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer. and buffers such as tetramethylammonium acetate buffer or histidine buffer.
- the pH at 25°C is preferably 4.0 or more and 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.5 or more and 8.5 or less, from the viewpoint of antibody stability.
- the concentration of the antibody is preferably 1.0 ⁇ mol/L or more as a lower limit and 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less as an upper limit, and more preferably 500 ⁇ mol/L or less as an upper limit.
- an antibody-modified peptide modified with a cross-linking agent and, if necessary, a catalyst are added, and dispersed at 10° C. or higher and 30° C. or lower.
- the mixing ratio of the antibody-modified peptide and the anti-CD20 antibody in the mixing step is not particularly limited.
- the molar ratio of antibody-modified peptide to anti-EGFR antibody can be, for example, 1:1 to 20:1, preferably 2:1 to 20:1 or 5:1 to 10:1.
- the antibody-modifying peptide in the mixing step, can be mixed with the anti-CD20 antibody at a ratio of 0.5 to 2.2, preferably 0.8 to 1.8.
- an antibody hereinafter referred to as "monovalent antibody” in which one molecule of the antibody-modified peptide is bound to one anti-CD20 antibody molecule can be efficiently obtained.
- the mixing time (reaction time) in the mixing step is not limited as long as a cross-linking reaction occurs between the antibody-modified peptide and the anti-CD20 antibody. For example, 1 minute to 5 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours. can do.
- the peptide-modified antibody obtained through the above steps is an antibody in which one antibody-modified peptide molecule is bound to one anti-CD20 antibody molecule (hereinafter referred to as "monovalent antibody”), and an antibody to one anti-CD20 antibody molecule. It is a mixture containing an antibody to which two modified peptide molecules are bound (hereinafter referred to as "bivalent antibody”) in an arbitrary ratio, and may be directly subjected to subsequent steps, such as filtration filter, membrane filter, After separating and purifying an unmodified antibody, a monovalent antibody, and a divalent antibody by a column filled with various packing materials, various methods such as chromatography, only the antibody of any valency is removed in subsequent steps.
- any of the above-described purification methods may be used for separation and purification.
- a column filled with a packing material in which a protein such as protein A, protein G, or the antibody-modified peptide described above is bound to a carrier can be used.
- the shape of the carrier of the filler packed in such a column includes gels (e.g., column gels), particles, beads, nanoparticles, microparticles, macrobeads, and the like.
- Materials include latex, agarose, glass, cellulose, sepharose, nitrocellulose, polystyrene, and other polymeric materials.
- IgG-BP column in which the above antibody-modified peptide is bound to a column gel can be exemplified (International Publication No. 2021/080008).
- the first antibody composition containing a relatively large amount of unmodified antibody and monovalent antibody is compared with the bivalent antibody by utilizing the difference in their interaction with the antibody-modified peptide.
- the second antibody composition which is relatively abundant, can be separated and purified, respectively.
- the separated and purified first antibody composition or second antibody composition may be directly used for the click reaction in the subsequent step (B). ) may be used for click reactions.
- the click reaction in step (B) is carried out between the click-reactive first atomic group of the chelating agent and the click-reactive second atomic group of the peptide-modified antibody.
- Such a click reaction forms a binding group (substituent that enables conjugation with the antibody) that connects the chelating agent and the antibody.
- step (A) can undergo a click reaction, the order of their addition does not matter.
- One of the chelating agent and the antibody may be added and then reacted, or the other may be added to a dispersion in which one of the chelating agent and the antibody is dispersed in a solvent and reacted. Alternatively, these may be simultaneously added to a reaction vessel containing a solvent and reacted.
- a solvent containing water can be used as the solvent used for the click reaction in step (B).
- Buffers such as buffered saline, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer, or tetramethylammonium acetate buffer can be used.
- the pH at 25°C is preferably 4.0 or more and 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.5 or more, from the viewpoint of achieving both the stability of the complex and the antibody and their binding efficiency. 5 or less.
- the amount of the reaction liquid is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the production process, the lower limit at the start of the step (B) is preferably 0.001 mL or more, more preferably 0.01 mL or more, and 0.1 mL or more. is more preferably 1 mL or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 mL or less, more preferably 100 mL or less, even more preferably 10 mL or less, and even more preferably 1 mL or less, for example, preferably 0.001 mL or more and 1000 mL or less, A range of 0.1 mL or more and 10 mL or less is more preferable.
- the concentrations of the chelating agent and the antibody in the reaction solution are each independently at the start of step (B), and the lower limit thereof is preferably 0.001 ⁇ mol/L or more, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ mol/L or more, 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more is more preferable, 1.0 ⁇ mol/L or more is still more preferable, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ mol/L or less, for example, 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 1000 ⁇ mol/L.
- the following range is preferable, and a range of 1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 100 ⁇ mol/L or less is more preferable from the viewpoint of the yield of the target complex.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature for the click reaction in step (B) is preferably 50°C or lower, more preferably 40°C or lower.
- the lower limit of the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the reaction proceeds, but 15° C. or higher is preferable.
- the reaction time of the click reaction is preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and preferably 24 hours or less, more preferably 20 hours or less, provided that the reaction temperature is as described above.
- the range is preferably 5 minutes or more and 24 hours or less, more preferably 10 minutes or more and 20 hours or less.
- the obtained complex may be used as it is, or may be purified using a filtration filter, a membrane filter, a column filled with various fillers, chromatography, or the like.
- the conjugates produced by steps (A) and (B) are those in which the lysine residues in the Fc region of the anti-CD20 antibody are specifically modified with a chelating agent.
- This complex comprises one or two molecules of the chelating agent per molecule of the antibody.
- the chelating agent site-specifically modifies the Fc region of the antibody of the present invention via the linker (L).
- the linker (L) includes a chelate linker (L 2 ) that connects to a chelating agent, a first atomic group that connects to the linker (L 2 ), a second atomic group that can click-react with the first atomic group, and a second atom.
- the linker (L) has a chemical structure derived from the first atomic group and the second atomic group.
- a triazole skeleton-containing structure represented by the above formula (10a) or (10b) or a pyridazine skeleton-containing structure represented by the above formula (10c) can be considered. Since Formula (10a) and Formula (10b) are in an isomer relationship, they may be contained in an arbitrary ratio.
- Radiopharmaceutical refers to a composition that contains the radioconjugate of the present invention and is in a form suitable for in vivo administration to a subject.
- Radiopharmaceuticals for example, the radioactive complex produced by the method shown in (1-6) above, as it is, or after purifying it, are produced by dissolving in a solvent mainly composed of water and isotonic with the living body can do.
- the radiopharmaceutical is preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, and may contain other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients as necessary.
- a radiopharmaceutical is administered in an effective amount orally or parenterally such as intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly to a living body, and is used for cancer treatment, cancer diagnosis, or lesion detection.
- the subject of administration here is humans or animals such as mice, rats, monkeys, guinea pigs, chimpanzees, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, pigs, cows or horses, but is not particularly limited. Humans are preferred.
- Preferred target diseases include diseases in which CD20 is overexpressed.
- CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- immunosuppressive CD20-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disease CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- granulomatosis polyangiitis Wegener's granulomatosis
- microscopic polyangiitis refractory nephrotic syndrome
- suppression of antibody-related rejection in ABO blood group incompatible transplantation at the time of kidney or liver transplantation and the like.
- An "effective amount” as used herein is an amount capable of obtaining a diagnostically or therapeutically effective effect in an administration subject.
- the effective amount to be administered to a subject depends on the type of subject, the weight of the subject, the dosage form (tablet, injection, etc.) and route (oral administration, parenteral administration, etc.), and the severity of the disease (e.g., cancer). Varies depending on severity. A physician or veterinarian will be able to determine an appropriate effective amount considering such factors.
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention When the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention is stored at room temperature, the radiopharmaceutical emits radiation at a certain rate or more at a time point that is a multiple of the half-life of 1 to 5 times the half-life of the radiometal nuclide that constitutes the radiopharmaceutical. Has chemical purity.
- the radiometal nuclide is a ⁇ -ray nuclide (e.g., Lu-177 or Y-90)
- the radiochemical purity of the complex when stored at room temperature for 7 days after completion of production is preferably 90% or more. be.
- the radiochemical purity of the complex is preferably 90% or more when stored at room temperature for 14 days after the completion of production, and more It is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 97% or more.
- room temperature preferably means "ordinary temperature” as defined in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, specifically 15 to 25°C.
- the radiochemical purity refers to the percentage of the peak radioactivity (count) corresponding to the complex with respect to the total radioactivity (count) detected when the sample is analyzed with a commercially available radiation detector.
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention is preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, but is more preferably in the form of a buffer solution from the viewpoint of maintaining radiochemical purity as described above.
- the buffer any buffer used in an antibody drug containing an anti-CD20 antibody or an ADC of an anti-CD20 antibody as an active ingredient can be used.
- Non-limiting examples include histidine buffer and phosphate buffer. solution, acetate buffer, or citrate buffer can be used.
- the histidine buffer is composed of histidine and its salt, for example, histidine and its hydrochloride or histidine and its acetate.
- the acetate buffer is composed of acetic acid and its salts, such as acetic acid and its sodium salt.
- Phosphate buffers are composed of phosphoric acid and salts thereof, such as sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
- the citrate buffer is composed of citric acid and its salts, for example, it can be composed of citric acid and its sodium salt.
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention may contain any sugar such as sucrose (refined sucrose), may contain a solubilizer such as polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or a salt thereof, a sequestering agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edetic acid, EDTA) or its sodium salt, or human serum albumin.
- sucrose refined sucrose
- DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- human serum albumin ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Radioactive metal nuclides that have a therapeutic effect specifically, nuclides that emit ⁇ rays or nuclides that emit ⁇ rays (preferably Ac-225, Y-90, Lu-177, more preferably Ac -225)
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention can be used for internal radiotherapy of cancer.
- the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention is administered intravenously or orally, and the radioconjugate of the present invention is accumulated in a lesion site such as a cancer primary tumor or metastatic lesion, and released from the radiometal nuclide. Radiation can destroy cancer cells at the lesion site.
- the dose and dose of the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention are determined by the efficacy of the active ingredient, the mode and route of administration, the stage of cancer progression, the body type, body weight and age of the patient, and the type and amount of the therapeutic drug used in combination for other diseases. is selected as appropriate.
- radiometal nuclide by selecting a radionuclide that emits positrons or a radionuclide that emits gamma rays (preferably Ga-68, Zr-89, In-111, more preferably Zr-89) , can be used for cancer diagnosis or lesion detection.
- Radiopharmaceuticals using positron-emitting radionuclides can be suitably used for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) examinations, and SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) inspection. This may be used in combination with cancer diagnosis or lesion detection in the above-described cancer radiotherapy.
- the diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for cancer of the present invention may be used for diagnosis before performing internal radiotherapy for cancer, or may be used for diagnosis after performing internal radiotherapy for cancer.
- Treatment of whether or not to perform internal radiotherapy for cancer using the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention comprising a metal nuclide that emits ⁇ -rays by being used for diagnosis before radiotherapy for cancer It can be used for selection judgment.
- it is possible to determine whether or not radiotherapy for cancer using the radiopharmaceutical of the present invention is effective, increase or decrease the dose, etc. can be used to optimize the treatment plan for
- Radiopharmaceutical (Radiopharmaceutical (2)) Another aspect of the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, a complex of a chelating agent in which a radiometal nuclide is chelated, and an anti-CD20 antibody, and does not contain a thiourea bond in the linkage between the anti-CD20 antibody and the chelating agent, and When stored in a radiopharmaceutical, it has a certain percentage or more of radiochemical purity at the point in time that is a multiple of 1 to 5 half-lives based on the half-life of the radiometal nuclide that constitutes the radiopharmaceutical.
- the radiochemical purity of the complex is preferably 90% or more when stored at room temperature for 7 days after the completion of production. is. Further, when the radiometal nuclide is an ⁇ -ray nuclide (e.g., Ac-225), the radiochemical purity of the complex is preferably 90% or more when stored at room temperature for 14 days after the completion of production, and more It is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 97% or more.
- the definition of room temperature is the same as for radiopharmaceutical (1) above.
- the following methods (a) to (d) can be used in addition to the method of site-specific modification using a peptide in the conjugation of the chelating agent and the anti-CD20 antibody.
- the explanation is omitted.
- the peptide that site-specifically modifies the anti-CD20 antibody and the chelating agent are linked without using a thiourea bond, a radioactive complex and a radiopharmaceutical that are stable even at room temperature can be obtained.
- Site-specific modification of antibodies unlike random modification, can contain monovalent or bivalent antibodies or both in any proportion, resulting in stable quality radioconjugates and radiopharmaceuticals.
- the radioconjugate of the present invention maintains efficacy equivalent to conventional ones. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an anti-CD20 antibody conjugate and a radiopharmaceutical thereof with higher quality while maintaining efficacy.
- a complex of an anti-CD20 antibody and a chelating agent, A radiometal nuclide is chelated with the chelating agent, A conjugate, wherein the anti-CD20 antibody and the chelating agent are linked via a linker (L), wherein the linker (L) does not contain a thiourea bond.
- the complex is a complex of an anti-CD20 antibody site-specifically modified with a peptide and a chelating agent, and the peptide and the chelating agent are linked via the linker (L). , the complex according to [1].
- the peptide has the following formula (i): (Xa) -Xaa1- (Xb) -Xaa2- (Xc) -Xaa3- (Xd) (i) (In formula (i), Xa, Xb, Xc and Xd each represent a consecutive number of X, b consecutive number of X, c consecutive number of X, and d consecutive number of X, X is an amino acid residue having neither a thiol group nor a haloacetyl group in its side chain; a, b, c and d are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less and satisfy a+b+c+d ⁇ 14, and Xaa 1 and Xaa 3 are each independently Represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in its side chain or an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in its side chain, provided that either one of Xaa
- R 1A represents the linking site with the chelating agent
- R 2A represents the linking site with the antibody or peptide
- R 3A and R One of 4A represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group, the other represents the site of connection with the chelating agent
- R5A represents the site of connection with the antibody or the peptide.
- the anti-CD20 antibody which is site-specifically modified with the peptide having an azide group introduced at the N-terminus, and the DOTAGA-DBCO radiometal complex represented by the following formula are click-reacted for conjugation.
- the radioconjugate according to any one of [2] to [7].
- the radiopharmaceutical of [14], wherein the complex is the complex of any one of [1] to [9].
- radiopharmaceutical of [17] which is used together with the radiopharmaceutical of [16] for internal radiotherapy of cancer.
- the radiometal nuclide is 177 Lu or 90 Y, and the radiochemical purity of the complex is 90% or more when stored at room temperature for 7 days.
- the radiometal nuclide is 225 Ac, and the radiochemical purity of the complex is 90% or more when stored at room temperature for 14 days.
- a radiopharmaceutical in which the radiochemical purity of the complex is 90% or more at the time point of a period that is a multiple of 1 to 5 times the half-life of the radiometal nuclide.
- Example 1 Production of complex with rituximab using 225 Ac-labeled DOTAGA-DBCO (1. Antibody modification step)
- a peptide (SEQ ID NO: 17) containing 17 amino acid residues represented by the following formula (P3) was obtained by the method described in International Publication No. 2017/217347.
- the amino acid sequence of this peptide was identical to the sequence in which Xaa 2 of SEQ ID NO: (2) is a lysine residue, and the side chain terminal amino group of the lysine residue was modified with the structure shown by R1 .
- cysteine residues are disulfide bonded to each other, and the N-terminus of the peptide is an atom containing an azide group, which is the second atomic group, via a linker (L 1 ) structure having diglycolic acid and eight PEGs. As a group, ethyl azide was attached.
- Gly is glycine, Pro is proline, Asp is aspartic acid, Cys is cysteine, Ala is alanine, Tyr is tyrosine, His is histidine, Lys is lysine, Glu is Glutamic acid, Leu for leucine, Val for valine, Trp for tryptophan, Thr for threonine, and Phe for phenylalanine.
- the obtained solution containing the first antibody composition was subjected to the labeling step described below.
- DOTAGA-DBCO represented by the following formula was prepared by Bernhard et al.
- DOTAGA-Anhydride A Valuable Building Block for the Preparation of DOTA-Like Chelating Agents Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 7834-7841.
- This chelating agent was dispersed in a 0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) as a solvent to obtain a dispersion containing 1.7 mmol/L of the chelating agent.
- the radiochemical purity (RCP) of the obtained 225 Ac complex was measured by the following method. Specifically, a portion of the 225 Ac complex solution was developed by thin layer chromatography (manufactured by Agilent, model number: SGI0001, developing solvent: acetonitrile/water mixture (volume ratio: 1:1)), and then subjected to radio ⁇ -TLC analyzer. (MODEL GITA Star manufactured by raytest). The percentage of the peak radioactivity (counts) detected near the solvent front relative to the total radioactivity (counts) detected was taken as the RCP (%) of the 225 Ac complex. As a result, the RCP of the 225 Ac complex was 93%. The obtained 225 Ac complex solution was directly used for the labeling step.
- the peptide-modified antibody (monovalent antibody) obtained in the above step (1. antibody modification step) was added to the unpurified 225 Ac complex solution obtained through the above step (2. complex formation step).
- a solution containing the 225 Ac complex was added, followed by click reaction at 37° C. for 120 minutes to obtain a 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody.
- the amounts of 225 Ac complex and peptide-modified antibody (monovalent antibody) were 5.1 nmol and 6.0 nmol, respectively, and the molar ratio of DBCO groups to azide groups was about 1:1.2, respectively.
- the reaction rate (%) of the unpurified 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody was 75%.
- the reaction rate (%) means the radiochemical purity (%) of the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody with respect to the labeling rate (%) in the complex formation step, and the labeling rate (%) is the amount of radioactivity charged. It means the ratio (%) of the amount of radioactivity of the 225 Ac complex.
- the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody solution obtained by reacting at 37° C. for 2 hours was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC505096). The purified 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody had an RCP of 93% and a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 61%.
- the methods for measuring the RCP and RCY of the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody were as follows. That is, thin-layer chromatography (manufactured by Agilent, model number: SGI0001, developing solvent is acetonitrile: 0.1 mmol/L EDTA solution mixture (volume ratio 1:1)), followed by radio ⁇ -TLC analyzer (raytest manufactured by MODEL GITA Star). The percentage of the peak radioactivity (counts) detected near the origin to the total radioactivity (counts) detected was defined as RCP (%).
- the total radioactivity added at the start of the labeling process ( ⁇ -ray spectrometer (Ge semiconductor detector: GMX10P4-70 (manufactured by ORTEC), multichannel analyzer: M7-000 (manufactured by Seiko Easy and G), data processing : Spectrum Navigator: DS-P300 (manufactured by Seiko Easy & G Co.) and Gamma Studio: DS-P600 (manufactured by Seiko Easy & G Co.) Radioactivity amount calculated from counts measured by) Ultrafiltration for The percentage of the radioactivity recovered after purification (the amount of radioactivity calculated from counts measured with a ⁇ -ray spectrometer in the same manner as described above) was defined as RCY (%).
- Example 1 Production of complex with rituximab using 225 Ac-labeled DOTA-DBCO The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that DOTAGA-DBCO was changed to the following DOTA-DBCO. As a result, the reaction rate after 2 hours of reaction was 71%, and the 225 Ac complex-labeled antibody after purification had an RCP of 99% and an RCY of 46%.
- Example 2 Formulation process A portion of each of the radioactive complexes produced according to the descriptions in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was extracted into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube (LoBind, manufactured by Eppendorf) and stored in a storage buffer (0.154 mol / L sodium chloride 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and 0.07 weight/volume % polysorbate 80, 0.154 mol/L sodium chloride containing 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5 ) mixture).
- a storage buffer (0.154 mol / L sodium chloride 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and 0.07 weight/volume % polysorbate 80, 0.154 mol/L sodium chloride containing 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5 ) mixture).
- Radiochemical purity (RCP) RCP was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC conditions were the same as those used in Example 1 to examine the reaction rate. Table 1 shows the results.
- the radioconjugate produced according to the description of Example 1 containing no thiourea bond maintained an RCP of 99% or more when stored at room temperature for 7 days after completion of production. In addition, 99% or more of the RCP was maintained even when stored at room temperature for 14 days after completion of production. Moreover, even when stored at room temperature for 30 days after completion of production, 90% or more of RCP was maintained.
- the radioconjugate produced according to the description of Comparative Example 1 containing a thiourea bond maintained an RCP of 75% or more but less than 99% when stored at room temperature for 7 days after completion of production. Moreover, when stored at room temperature for 14 days after completion of production, the RCP was less than 85%.
- Antigen-binding activity was confirmed by in vitro autoradiography (ARG) (only on the date of manufacture (day 0)).
- CD20-positive human Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell line Ramos cells and CD20-negative human acute lymphoblastic leukemia/T-lymphoid cell line CCRF-CEM cells purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) were injected into females.
- Tumor-bearing mice were prepared by subcutaneously administering 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells to the flanks of BALB/c nu/nu mice (manufactured by Charles River Japan).
- Ramos tumors and CCRF-CEM tumors were then excised and delivered to Tissue Tech O.D. C. T.
- Frozen sections were prepared by embedding in a compound (manufactured by Sakura Fine Tech Japan). Each of the radioconjugates obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was added to 1% bovine serum albumin-containing PBS at 1 kBq/mL, and the Ramos tumor section and CCRF-CEM tumor section were immersed. After contacting the section with the imaging plate, the section was read with a scanner type image analyzer (Typhoon FLA 7000, manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan) to evaluate the amount of radioactivity bound to the section. The results are shown in FIG. Both of the radioconjugates produced according to the descriptions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were confirmed to have binding activity to CD20.
- a scanner type image analyzer Teleon FLA 7000, manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan
- Radioconjugates prepared according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 bound only to Ramos tumor sections, indicating CD20-selective binding. Radioactivity bound to the Ramos tumor sections was greater in the samples with the radioconjugate prepared according to Example 1 than in the radioconjugate prepared as described in Comparative Example 1.
- Plasma stability evaluation of 225 Ac complex-labeled rituximab (mouse plasma pool BALB/c-nu strain, manufactured by Charles River Laboratories Japan), rat (plasma (pool) Wistar, manufactured by Charles River Laboratories Japan), monkey (cynomolgus monkey plasma, manufactured by Charles River Laboratories Japan)) plasma at 37° C. for 2 weeks to assess the stability of 225 Ac-labeled rituximab in plasma at each time point (day 0, day 1, day 7, day 14 (human plasma only)). did. Plasma from each animal species was incubated at 37° C. and radioconjugate prepared as described in Example 1 was added to a final concentration of 100 kBq/mL.
- the recovery rate with the beads was 80% or more.
- the beads maintained a recovery rate of 76% or more even when stored, and were considered to be stable in the plasma of each animal evaluated.
- Both of the radioconjugates produced according to the descriptions in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were administered into the tail vein at a dose of 15 kBq/animal (56 ⁇ g/animal as rituximab).
- As control groups a group administered with the same amount of rituximab as each radioconjugate (antibody control group) and a vehicle group administered with a storage buffer were set. Each group consisted of 6 mice, and the tumor volume was measured over time until 20 days after administration. Changes in tumor volume over time are shown in FIG.
- the group to which the radioconjugates produced according to the descriptions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were administered showed a significant antitumor effect compared to the two control groups (antibody control group, vehicle group) at 20 days after administration. A difference was observed (P ⁇ 0.05). In addition, no significant difference in the antitumor effect was observed between the group administered with the radioconjugate prepared according to the description in Example 1 and the group administered with the radioconjugate prepared according to the description in Comparative Example 1.
- the Steel-Dwass test was performed using statistical analysis software Stat Preclinica (manufactured by Takumi Information Technology).
- Example 3 Production of a complex with rituximab using 89Zr -labeled DOTAGA-DBCO (1. complex formation step) DOTAGA-DBCO was dispersed in 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) as a solvent to prepare a dispersion containing 0.3 mmol/L of a chelating agent. 0.045 mL of this dispersion, 0.030 mL of 0.156 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 0.15 mol/L gentisic acid, and 89 Zr ion-containing solution (0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid) as a radioactive metal source.
- Aqueous solution, radioactivity concentration 1.9 GBq/mL, prepared by Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., liquid volume 0.03 mL) 57.2 MBq) was mixed with the reaction solution, and reacted under heating conditions to form a 89 Zr complex solution. Obtained.
- the RCP of the obtained 89 Zr complex was measured by the following method. That is, a part of the 89 Zr complex solution was developed by thin layer chromatography (manufactured by Agilent, model number: SGI0001, developing solvent: acetonitrile/water mixture (volume ratio: 1:1)), followed by radio ⁇ -TLC analyzer. (MODEL GITA Star PS manufactured by raytest). The percentage of the peak radioactivity (counts) detected near the solvent front relative to the total radioactivity (counts) detected was taken as the RCP (%) of the 89 Zr complex. As a result, the RCP of the 89 Zr complex was 98%. The obtained 89 Zr complex solution was directly used for the labeling step.
- the reaction rate (%) means the RCP (%) of the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody with respect to the labeling rate (%) in the complex formation step
- the labeling rate (%) is the 89 Zr complex with respect to the charged radioactivity. means the ratio (%) of the amount of radioactivity in
- the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody solution obtained by reacting at 37° C. for 2 hours was purified using an ultrafiltration filter (manufactured by Merck, model number: UFC803096). After purification, the 89 Zr complex-labeled antibody had a radiochemical purity (RCP) of 96% and a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 49%.
- Example 2 Production of complex with rituximab using 89Zr -labeled DOTA-DBCO The procedure of Example 3 was followed except that DOTAGA-DBCO was changed to DOTA-DBCO. As a result, the reaction rate after 2 hours of reaction was 61%, the radiochemical purity (RCP) of the 89Zr complex-labeled antibody after purification was 93%, and the radiochemical yield (RCY) was 48%.
- RCP radiochemical purity
- RCY radiochemical yield
- Example 4 Formulation process A portion of each of the radioactive complexes produced according to Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 was extracted into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube (LoBind, manufactured by Eppendorf), and a storage buffer (0.154 mol / L containing sodium chloride 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) mixture containing 0.07 weight/volume % polysorbate 80 and 0.154 mol/L sodium chloride ).
- a storage buffer (0.154 mol / L containing sodium chloride 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and 0.025 mol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.5) mixture containing 0.07 weight/volume % polysorbate 80 and 0.154 mol/L sodium chloride ).
- mice were euthanized by collecting blood from the heart under isoflurane anesthesia, and then blood and tumors were collected. The weights of the collected blood and tumor were measured, and the blood and tumor count rates were measured using a ⁇ -ray well scintillation measuring device (JDC-1712, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). Using the obtained tissue weight and count rate, and the administered radioactivity, the accumulation rate of the administered radioactivity per unit weight was calculated. Using the calculated accumulation rate of the administered radioactivity per unit weight, the ratio of accumulation in the tumor to blood was determined, and the CD20 selectivity of the radioconjugate produced as described in Example 3 in the tumor accumulation was evaluated. The results are shown in FIG.
- the tumor-to-blood uptake ratio was higher in CD20-positive Ramos tumors compared to CD20-negative CCRF-CEM tumors, indicating that radioconjugates prepared as described in Example 3 were CD20-selective. Accumulation was confirmed.
- the produced radioconjugate was 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 kBq/mL (0.000874, 0.00874, 0.00874, 0.00874 as rituximab).
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Abstract
Description
抗体医薬は、標的への選択性が高く比較的副作用が少ない一方で、薬効が不十分な場合があることがある。ペイロードの一種である化学療法剤は、強力な薬効を有するが、標的に対する選択性が低いため、がん細胞を死滅させるために必要な最小有効量が高く、一方で、毒性の観点から用量をあまり上げられないことから最大耐性用量が低く、治療用量域が狭いことが課題とされている。
ADCによれば、化学療法剤をがん細胞に選択的に多く届けることができるようになり、その結果、より少量で効果を示すようになり、正常細胞へ到達する化学療法剤が低減することから最大耐性用量も高くなることで、治療用量域が広くなることが期待される。
本発明は、抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との複合体であって、キレート剤に放射性金属核種がキレート化しており、抗CD20抗体とキレート剤とがリンカー(L)を介して連結しており、リンカー(L)はチオウレア結合を含まない、複合体(以下、本発明の放射性複合体とも称する)である。
本発明の放射性複合体に含まれる放射性金属核種は、α線を放出する放射性核種、β線を放出する放射性核種、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種又はγ線を放出する放射性核種である。本発明の放射性複合体をがん治療に用いる場合は、α線を放出する放射性核種又はβ線を放出する放射性核種を用いることが好ましい。また、本発明の放射性複合体をがんの診断若しくは検出に用いる場合は、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種又はγ線を放出する放射性核種を用いることが好ましい。α線を放出する放射性核種として、Bi-212、Bi-213、Ac-225、Th-227が例示される。また、β線を放出する放射性核種として、Cu-64、Y-90又は、Lu-177が例示される。また、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種として、Cu-64、Ga-68、Y-86、Zr-89が例示される。また、γ線を放出する放射性核種として、Tc-99m又はIn-111が例示される。本発明の放射性複合体に含まれる放射性金属核種は、Ga-68、Zr-89、Y-90、In-111、Lu-177又はAc-225がより好ましく、Zr-89、Y-90、Lu-177又はAc-225であることが、さらに好ましい。
本発明の放射性複合体に含まれる抗体は、CD20に特異的に結合する免疫グロブリン(以下、本発明で用いられる抗体とも称する)である。本発明で用いられる抗体は、ポリクローナル抗体であってもよいし、モノクローナル抗体であってもよいが、モノクローナル抗体が好ましい。抗体の由来は、特に限定されないが、例えば、非ヒト動物の抗体、非ヒト哺乳動物の抗体、およびヒト抗体が挙げられ、好ましくは、ヒト、ラット、マウス及びウサギの抗体を例示できる。抗体がヒト以外の種に由来する場合は、周知の技術を用いて、キメラ化又はヒト化することが好ましいが、本発明に用いられる抗体は、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、またはヒト抗体であってもよい。また、本発明で用いられる抗体は、二重特異性抗体であってもよい。本発明で用いられる抗体は、例えば、IgGであり、例えば、IgG1、IgG2(例えば、IgG2aおよびIgG2b)、IgG3、またはIgG4であり得る。
本明細書において、リツキシマブは、具体的には、
図1に記載の軽鎖アミノ酸配列(配列番号1)
及び図2-1~図2-3に記載の重鎖アミノ酸配列(配列番号2)
を含むヒト化抗体である。
リツキシマブは、CD20陽性のB細胞性非ホジキンリンパ腫や免疫抑制状態下のCD20陽性のB細胞性リンパ増殖性疾患を適応症とする抗がん剤として、臨床にて用いられており、リツキサン(Rituxan;登録商標)として入手可能である。
本発明においてキレート剤は、放射性金属核種が配位する部位を構造中に有するものであれば特に限定されない。キレート剤として、例えば、CB-TE2A(1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid)、CDTA(Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid)、CDTPA(4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-pentanoicacid)、DOTA(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTMA((1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α’,α”,α’”-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTAM(1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)、DOTPA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra propionic acid), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Lpy), DOTA-GA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTP(((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonic acid)、DOTMP(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid))、DOTA-4AMP(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid)、D02P(Tetraazacyclododecane dimethanephosphonic acid)、Deferoxamine (DFO)、DTPA(Glycine, N,N-bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]-)、CHX-A”-DTPA(2,2'-((2-(((1S,2R)-2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)cyclohexyl)(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid)、DTPA-BMA(5,8-Bis(carboxymethyl)-11-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-oxo-2,5,8,11-tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid)、EDTA(2,2',2”,2’”-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid)、NOTA(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid)、NOTP(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyltris(methylenephosphonic acid))、TETPA(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetrapropionic acid)、TETA(1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N”,N’”-tetraacetic acid)、TTHA(3,6,9,12-Tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecanedioic acid)、HEHA(1,2,7,10,13-hexaazacyclooctadecane-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaacetic acid)、1,2-HOPO(N,N’,N”,N’”-tetra(1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-oxopyridine-6-carbonyl)-1,5,10,14-tetraazatetradecane)、PEPA(1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane-N,N’,N”,N’”,N””-pentaacetic acid)、H4octapa(N,N’-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetic acid)、H2bispa2(6,6’-({9-hydroxy-1,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-2,4-di(pyridine-2-yl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl}bis(-methylene))dipicolinic acid)、H2dedpa(1,2-[{6-(carboxy)-pyridin-2-yl}-methylamino]ethane)、H2macropa(6-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecan-N,N’-methyl)picolinic acid)、H5decapa(N,N”-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-diethylenetriamine-N,N’,N”-triacetic acid)、H6phospa(N,N’-(methylenephosphonate)-N,N’-[6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl]-methyl-1,2-diaminoethane)、HP-D03A(Hydroxypropyltetraazacyclododecanetriacetic acid)、porphyrinといったものが挙げられるが、下記式(A)で表される化合物が好ましい。
本発明においてペプチドは、抗体を部位特異的に、好ましくはFc領域を部位特異的に、より好ましくは抗体のFc領域におけるリシン残基を部位特異的に修飾するものであれば、特に限定されない。これにより、抗体そのものの活性(抗原認識作用、中和作用、補体活性化作用及び/又はオプソニン作用)を維持することができる。
式(i)中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基、又は、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、ただし、Xaa1及びXaa3のいずれか一方がチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基であり、好ましくは、Xaa1及びXaa3が連結することで、環構造が形成されており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸、好ましくはリシン残基であり、かつXaa2が架橋剤で修飾されている。
好ましくは、本発明で用いられる抗体修飾ペプチドは、下記の式(i)’で表される、13~17アミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列である。
(X1-3)-C-(Xaa3’)-(Xaa4’)-H-(Xaa1’)-G-(Xaa2’)-L-V-W-C-(X1-3) (i)’
Cはシステイン残基であり、
Hはヒスチジン残基であり、
Xaa1’はリシン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸であり、
Gはグリシン残基であり、
Xaa2’はグルタミン酸残基又はアスパラギン残基であり、
Lはロイシン残基であり、
Vはバリン残基であり、
Wはトリプトファン残基であり、
Xaa3’はアラニン残基、セリン残基又はトレオニン残基であり、かつ
Xaa4’はチロシン残基又はトリプトファン残基である。
上記式(i)’で、N末端又はC末端のX1-3という表記は、システイン(C又はCys)以外の独立的に任意のアミノ酸残基Xが1~3個連続していることを意味し、それを構成するアミノ酸残基は同じか又は異なる残基であるが、好ましくは3個すべてが同じ残基でない配列からなる。
(2)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号4)
(3)RCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCS(配列番号5)
(4)GPRCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCSFH(配列番号6)
(5)SPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号7)
(6)GDDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号8)
(7)GPSCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH(配列番号9)
(8)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCSFH(配列番号10)
(9)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTHH(配列番号11)
(10)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY(配列番号12)
(11)SPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY(配列番号13)
(12)SDDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY(配列番号14)
(13)RGNCAYH(Xaa2)GQLVWCTYH(配列番号15)
(14)G(Xaa1)DCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCT(Xaa3)H(配列番号16)
リンカー(L)は、本発明の放射性複合体において、キレート剤とペプチドとを連結できるものであれば特に限定されない。本発明で用いられるリンカー(L)は、チオウレア結合を含むものでなければ特に限定されず、置換又は無置換のアルキル基、置換又は無置換のヘテロアルキル基、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)基、ペプチド、糖鎖、ジスルフィド基、アミド基、及びこれらの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。
本明細書においてリンカー(L)とは、ペプチドで修飾された抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との接続に用いられるリンカーの総称であり、抗体修飾リンカー(L1)及びキレートリンカー(L2)を含む用語である。抗体修飾リンカー(L1)は、詳細は後述するが、(1-4)で説明したペプチドのN末端側に導入されるものであり、キレートリンカー(L2)も、詳細は後述するが、(1-3)で説明したキレート剤の官能基に導入されるものである。
本発明の放射性複合体は、キレート剤と抗CD20抗体とをコンジュゲーションするコンジュゲーション工程と、放射性金属核種とキレート剤との錯体を形成する錯体形成工程との2つの工程から製造することができる。コンジュゲーション工程は、錯体形成工程の前であってもよいし錯体形成工程の後であってもよい。
錯体形成後、ろ過フィルター、メンブランフィルター、種々の充填剤を充填したカラム、クロマトグラフィー等を用いて、得られた錯体を精製してもよい。
より好ましい態様において、錯体形成工程(A)では、放射性金属核種と、クリック反応可能な第1原子団を抗体と複合化を可能とするための置換基として有するキレート剤と、の間で錯体を形成する。次いで、コンジュゲーション工程(B)では、前述した抗体修飾ペプチドとクリック反応可能な第2原子団とを有する抗体修飾リンカー(L1)を用いて、Fc領域を部位特異的に修飾されたペプチド修飾抗体と、工程(A)で得られた錯体形成されたキレート剤との間でクリック反応を実行し、本発明の放射性複合体を得る。
以下工程(A)及び(B)について、詳述する。
るが、好ましくはDibenzylcyclooctyne Maleimideを用いる。
A-B-C ・・・(ii)
式(ii)中、Aは、前述したキレート剤であり、BとCとの総称がキレートリンカー(L2)である。
*-((Li)m-Z)k-Lii-AG2 ・・・(S1)
(式中、*は、ペプチドのN末端又はC末端との結合部位を示し、
Liは、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)リンカー部であり、
mは、1以上50以下の整数であり、
Zは、(Li)mとLiiとを結合する第2リンカー部であり、
kは、0又は1であり、
Liiは、第2のPEGリンカー部であり、
AG2は第2原子団である。)
該混合工程における抗体修飾ペプチドと抗CD20抗体の混合比率は、特に限定しない。抗体修飾ペプチドと抗EGFR抗体のモル比率は、例えば1:1~20:1、好ましくは2:1~20:1又は5:1~10:1とすることができる。
未修飾抗体と、一価抗体と、二価抗体とを分離精製する場合は、上記のいずれの精製方法で分離精製してもよいが、種々の充填剤を充填したカラムを用いることができ、例えば、プロテインA、プロテインG又は上述の抗体修飾ペプチド等のタンパク質が担体に結合した充填剤が充填されたカラムを用いることができる。このようなカラムに充填される充填剤の担体の形状としては、ゲル(例えばカラム用ゲル)、粒子、ビーズ、ナノ粒子、微粒子及びマクロビーズなどの形状が挙げられ、担体の材質としては、磁性物質、ラテックス、アガロース、ガラス、セルロース、セファロース、ニトロセルロース、ポリスチレン、その他の高分子材料が挙げられる。具体的には上述の抗体修飾ペプチドを、カラム用ゲルに結合させたIgG-BPカラムが例示できる(国際公開第2021/080008号)。
放射性医薬とは、本発明の放射性複合体を含み、対象の生体内への投与に適した形態となっている組成物を指す。放射性医薬は、例えば上述の(1-6)に示す方法で製造した放射性複合体をそのままで、又はこれを精製したあとで、水を主体とし、且つ生体と等張の溶媒に溶解させて製造することができる。この場合、放射性医薬は水溶液の形態であることが好ましく、必要に応じて、薬学的に許容される他の成分を含んでいてもよい。放射性医薬は、その有効量が、経口的に、又は静脈内、皮下、腹腔内若しくは筋肉内等の非経口的に生体に投与され、がんの治療、がんの診断、あるいは病巣の検出等に用いられる。
ここで投与対象としてはヒト、またはマウス、ラット、サル、モルモット、チンパンジー、ヒツジ、ヤギ、イヌ、ネコ、ブタ、ウシもしくはウマなどの動物であるが、特に限定されるものではない。好ましくはヒトである。
好ましい対象疾患としてCD20が過剰発現している疾患が挙げられる。具体的には、CD20陽性のB細胞性非ホジキンリンパ腫、免疫抑制状態下のCD20陽性のB細胞性リンパ増殖性疾患、多発血管炎性肉芽腫症(ヴェゲナ肉芽腫症)、顕微鏡的多発血管炎、難治性のネフローゼ症候群、腎移植・肝移植時のABO血液型不適合移植における抗体関連型拒絶反応の抑制等が挙げられる。
ここでの「有効量」とは、投与対象における診断上または治療上有効な効果を得ることができる量である。対象に投与するべき有効量は、対象の種類、対象の体重、投与する剤形(錠剤、注射剤など)および経路(経口投与、非経口投与など)、および疾患(例、がん)の重篤度などにより異なる。医師や獣医師はそれらの因子を考慮して、適切な有効量を決定することができる。
ここで、放射化学的純度は、試料を市販の放射線検出器で分析した場合に検出された全放射能(カウント)に対する、複合体に相当するピークの放射能(カウント)の百分率をいう。放射化学的純度の分析には高速液体クロマトグラフィーや薄層クロマトグラフィーを用いることができるが、薄層クロマトグラフィーを用いることが好ましい。より好ましくは後述する実施例に記載の条件を用いた薄層クロマトグラフィーを用いる。
前述のとおり、本発明の放射性医薬は、水溶液の形態であることが好ましいが、上記の通り放射化学的純度を維持する観点から緩衝液の形態がより好ましい。緩衝液としては、抗CD20抗体または抗CD20抗体のADCを有効成分として含有する抗体医薬で使用されている任意の緩衝液を用いることができ、特に限定されない一例として、ヒスチジン緩衝液、リン酸緩衝液、酢酸緩衝液、またはクエン酸緩衝液を使用することができる。ヒスチジン緩衝液は、ヒスチジンとその塩から構成され、例えば、ヒスチジンとその塩酸塩、または、ヒスチジンとその酢酸塩から構成することができる。酢酸緩衝液は、酢酸とその塩から構成され、例えば酢酸とそのナトリウム塩から構成することができる。リン酸緩衝液は、リン酸とその塩から構成され、例えばリン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム等から構成することができる。クエン酸緩衝液は、クエン酸とその塩から構成され、例えば、クエン酸とそのナトリウム塩から構成することができる。本発明の放射性医薬には、スクロース(精製白糖)などの任意の糖類を含んでいてもよいし、ポリソルベート20、ポリソルベート80などの可溶化剤を含んでいてもよいし、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(DTPA)又はその塩、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(エデト酸、EDTA)又はそのナトリウム塩などの金属封鎖剤を含んでいてもよいし、ヒト血清アルブミンを含んでいてもよい。
本発明の他の態様は、放射性金属核種がキレート化したキレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有し、抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との連結にチオウレア結合を含まず、室温で保管したとき、その放射性医薬を構成する放射性金属核種の半減期を基準として、半減期の1以上5以下の倍数の期間経過時点において、一定の割合以上の放射化学的純度を有する。上記の放射性金属核種がβ線核種(例えば、Lu-177又はY-90)であるとき、好ましくは、室温で製造終了から7日間保管した時の前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である。また、放射性金属核種がα線核種(例えば、Ac-225)であるときに、好ましくは、室温で製造終了から14日間保管した時の複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上であり、より好ましくは95%以上であり、さらに好ましくは97%以上である。室温の定義は上述の放射性医薬(1)と同様である。
放射性医薬(2)では、キレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合化において、ペプチドを用いた部位特異的修飾の方法に加えて、以下(a)から(d)の方法も使用することができるが、これ以外は、放射性医薬(1)と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
(a)抗体のヒンジ部位にあるポリペプチド鎖間のジスルフィド結合(SS結合)を部分的に還元することによって生じるスルフヒドリル(SH)基に対して、SH基に反応性を有するマレイミド基を持つキレート剤またはリンカー(L)で修飾する方法
(b)遺伝子工学によるアミノ酸変異によって、抗体に新たに導入されたシステインに対してマレイミド基をもつキレート剤またはリンカー(L)を修飾する方法
(c)遺伝子工学によるアミノ酸変異によって、抗体に新たに導入されたアジド化リシンのアジド基に、クリック反応を利用して、アルキン(例えばDibenzylcyclooctyne: DBCO)をもつキレート剤またはリンカー(L)を修飾する方法
(d)トランスグルタミナーゼを利用して、抗体の特定の位置に導入されたグルタミンに、リシンの側鎖を有するキレート剤またはリンカー(L)を修飾する方法
[1]抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との複合体であって、
前記キレート剤に放射性金属核種がキレート化しており、
前記抗CD20抗体とキレート剤とがリンカー(L)を介して連結しており、前記リンカー(L)はチオウレア結合を含まない、複合体。
[2]前記複合体は、ペプチドで部位特異的に修飾された抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との複合体であり、前記ペプチドと前記キレート剤とが前記リンカー(L)を介して連結している、[1]に記載の複合体。
[3]前記キレート剤がDOTAGA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)である、[1]に記載の複合体。
[4]前記ペプチドが、下記の式(i):
(Xa)-Xaa1-(Xb)-Xaa2-(Xc)-Xaa3-(Xd)・・・(i)
(式(i)中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基、又は、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、ただし、Xaa1及びXaa3のいずれか一方がチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基であり、
Xaa1及びXaa3が連結することで、環構造が形成されており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸であり、かつXaa2が架橋剤で修飾されている。)
で表される、13~17アミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列である、[2]又は[3]に記載の複合体。
[5]前記放射性金属核種がAc-225、Y-90、Lu-177又はZr-89である、[1]乃至[4]いずれか一項に記載の複合体。
[6]前記リンカー(L)が式(10a)、式(10b)又は式(10c)を含む、[1]乃至[5]いずれか一項に記載の複合体。
[7]前記抗体又は前記ペプチドとの連結部位と前記抗体又は前記ペプチドとの間に、ポリエチレングリコール基を含む、[6]に記載の放射性複合体。
[8]N末端にアジド基が導入された前記ペプチドが部位特異的に修飾している抗CD20抗体と、下記式で表されるDOTAGA-DBCOの放射性金属錯体とをクリック反応させることで複合化した、[2]乃至[7]いずれか一項に記載の放射性複合体。
[10][1]乃至[9]いずれか一項に記載の複合体を有効成分として含有する放射性医薬。
[11]がんの放射線内用療法に用いられる、[10]に記載の放射性医薬。
[12]がんの診断に用いられる、[10]に記載の放射性医薬。
[13][11]に記載された放射性医薬を用いたがんの放射線内用療法に併用される、[12]に記載の放射性医薬。
[14]放射性金属核種がキレート化したキレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有し
抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との連結にチオウレア結合を含まず、
室温で7日間保管した時の前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である、放射性医薬。
[15]前記複合体が[1]乃至[9]いずれか一項に記載の複合体である、[14]に記載の放射性医薬。
[16]がんの放射線内用療法に用いられる、[15]に記載の放射性医薬。
[17]がんの診断に用いられる、[15]に記載の放射性医薬。
[18][16]に記載された放射性医薬を用いたがんの放射線内用療法に併用される、[17]に記載の放射性医薬。
[19]放射性金属核種がキレート化したキレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有し
抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との連結にチオウレア結合を含まない、下記(1)または(2)の条件を満たす放射性医薬:
(1)前記放射性金属核種が177Lu又は90Yであって、室温で7日間保管した時の前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である。
(2)前記放射性金属核種が225Acであって、室温で14日間保管した時の前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である。
[20]放射性金属核種がキレート化したキレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有し
抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との連結にチオウレア結合を含まず、
前記放射性金属核種の半減期を基準として、前記半減期の1以上5以下の倍数の期間経過時点において、前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である放射性医薬。
(1.抗体修飾工程)
国際公開第2017/217347号に記載の方法で、下記式(P3)で表される17個のアミノ酸残基を含むペプチド(配列番号17)を得た。このペプチドのアミノ酸配列は、配列番号(2)のXaa2がリシン残基である配列と同一であり、リシン残基の側鎖末端アミノ基がR1で示される構造で修飾されていた。また、2つのシステイン残基で互いにジスルフィド結合しており、ペプチドのN末端はジグリコール酸及び8つのPEGを有するリンカー(L1)構造を介して、第2原子団であるアジド基を含む原子団として、エチルアジドが結合しているものであった。
下記式で表されるDOTAGA-DBCOをBernhard et al. DOTAGA-Anhydride: A Valuable Building Block for the Preparation of DOTA-Like Chelating Agents Chem.Eur.J.2012,18,7834-7841に記載の方法を基にして製造した。このキレート剤を、溶媒として0.1mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)に分散させて、キレート剤を1.7mmol/L含む分散液とした。この分散液0.003mLと、0.1mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)0.045mLと、0.1mol/L塩酸0.001mLと、放射性金属源として225Acイオン含有溶液(0.2mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度994MBq/mL、Oak Ridge National Laboratory製より調製、液量0.002mL)約2.0MBq(検定日時放射能量から減衰計算した計算値)とを混合した反応液を、加熱条件下で反応させて、225Ac錯体溶液を得た。キレート剤と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート剤:225Acイオン=約1230:1であり、反応液の加熱温度は70℃、加熱時間は30分間とした。
上述の工程(2.錯体形成工程)を経て得られた未精製のままの225Ac錯体の溶液に、上記の工程(1.抗体修飾工程)で得られたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液を添加し、37℃で120分間クリック反応させて、225Ac錯体標識抗体を得た。225Ac錯体の量及びペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)の量はそれぞれ5.1nmol及び6.0nmolであり、DBCO基とアジド基とのモル比はそれぞれ約1:1.2であった。未精製時の225Ac錯体標識抗体の反応率(%)は75%であった。ここで、反応率(%)とは、錯体形成工程での標識率(%)に対する225Ac錯体標識抗体の放射化学的純度(%)を意味し、標識率(%)とは仕込み放射能量に対する225Ac錯体の放射能量の割合(%)を意味する。
更に、37℃で2時間反応させて得られた225Ac錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。精製後の225Ac錯体標識抗体のRCPは93%、放射化学的収率(RCY)は61%であった。
DOTAGA-DBCOを下記DOTA-DBCOに変えた以外は、実施例1に準じて操作を行った。その結果、反応2時間後の反応率は71%、精製後の225Ac錯体標識抗体のRCPは99%、RCYは46%であった。
実施例1および比較例1の記載に従って製造する放射性複合体をそれぞれ5mLエッペンチューブ(LoBind、エッペンドルフ製)に一部抜き取り、保存緩衝液(0.154mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.025mol/Lクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)、並びに0.07重量/体積%ポリソルベート80、0.154mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.025mol/Lクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)混液)で希釈した。
実施例2で得られた各放射性複合体を、室温で保存し、各時間点(0日点、1日点、7日点、14日点、21日点、30日点、及び/又は40日点)において、放射化学的純度及び抗原結合活性を評価した。なお、放射性金属核種がAc-225である場合には、製造終了から14日間は約1.5半減期に相当し、製造終了から21日間は約2半減期に相当し、製造終了から30日間は約3半減期に相当し、製造終了から40日間は約4半減期に相当する。
[評価1-1]放射化学的純度(RCP)
RCPを薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)で分析した。TLCの条件は、実施例1で反応率を調べるときに使用した条件と同様とした。
結果を表1に示す。
チオウレア結合を含む比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体は、製造終了後室温で7日間保存した場合、RCPとして75%以上が維持されていたが、99%を下回っていた。また、製造終了後室温で14日間保存した場合、RCPとして85%を下回っていた。
抗原結合活性はin vitro オートラジオグラフィー(ARG)で確認した(製造日(0日点)のみ)。ATCC(American Type Culture Collection)から購入したCD20陽性のヒトバーキットリンパ腫由来細胞株であるRamos細胞及びCD20陰性のヒト急性リンパ芽球性白血病・Tリンパ球様細胞株であるCCRF-CEM細胞を雌性BALB/c nu/nuマウス(日本チャールス・リバー社製)の脇腹皮下にそれぞれ5×106cells投与して担癌マウスを作製した。その後、Ramos腫瘍およびCCRF-CEM腫瘍を摘出してティシュー・テック O.C.T.コンパウンド(サクラファインテックジャパン社製)に包埋して凍結切片を作製した。1%ウシ血清アルブミン含有PBSに実施例1及び比較例1で得られた放射性複合体をそれぞれ1kBq/mLとなるように添加し、Ramos腫瘍切片およびCCRF-CEM腫瘍切片を浸漬した。切片をイメージングプレートにコンタクトした後、スキャナータイプ画像解析装置(Typhoon FLA 7000、GEヘルスケアジャパン社製)で読み取り、切片に結合した放射能量を評価した。結果を図3に示す。実施例1及び比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体のいずれにおいてもCD20に対する結合活性が確認された。実施例1及び比較例1に従って製造した放射性複合体はどちらもRamos腫瘍切片にのみ結合し、CD20選択的な結合を示した。Ramos腫瘍切片に結合した放射能は、実施例1に従って製造した放射性複合体を用いたサンプルの方が、比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体よりも多くなっていた。
実施例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体を各動物種(ヒト(ヒト血漿(プール、ヘパリン)、コスモバイオ社製)、マウス(マウス血漿プール BALB/c-nu系統、日本チャールス・リバー社製)、ラット(血漿(プール) Wistar、日本チャールス・リバー社製)、サル(カニクイザル血漿、日本チャールス・リバー社製))の血漿中に37℃で2週間保存し、各時間点(0日点、1日点、7日点、14日点(ヒト血漿のみ))での225Ac標識リツキシマブの血漿中での安定性を評価した。各動物種の血漿を37℃でインキュベートし、実施例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体を最終濃度で100kBq/mLとなるように添加した。各評価時間点において、Dynabeads(登録商標) Protein G(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)を用いて、免疫沈降を行い、0.1%Tween20含有PBSによる洗浄後、Protein Gと結合した抗体を回収した。洗浄に用いた0.1%Tween20含有PBSは回収し、回収した洗浄液の放射能、及び回収した抗体の放射能をオートウェルガンマカウンター(2480 WIZARD2 ガンマカウンター、PerkinElmer社製)を用いて測定した。ビーズの洗浄に用いた0.1%Tween20含有PBSの放射能と回収した抗体の放射能の合計に対する、回収した抗体の放射能の比率を算出することでProtein Gと結合した225Ac標識リツキシマブの割合を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。表内の数値は、ビーズの洗浄に用いた0.1%Tween20含有PBSの放射能と回収した抗体の放射能の合計に対する、回収した抗体の放射能の比率の平均値±標準偏差(n=3)を表している。
マウスを用いてRamos細胞の皮下担癌モデルを作製し、実施例1及び比較例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体の抗腫瘍効果を確認した。
ATCCから購入したRamos細胞をRPMI1640培地(gibco、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)に懸濁し、5週齢の雌性BALB/c nu/nu(日本チャールス・リバー)の脇腹皮下に5×106cells投与して担癌マウスを作製した。腫瘍体積がおおよそ100~400mm3となるまで成長させ、腫瘍径測定に適した形状の個体から無作為に群分けを実施した。その際の各マウスの腫瘍体積と体重を表3に示す。腫瘍体積は以下の式に従って算出した。
腫瘍体積(mm3)=(腫瘍長径×(腫瘍短径)2)×1/2
(1.錯体形成工程)
DOTAGA-DBCOを、溶媒として0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に分散させて、キレート剤を0.3mmol/L含む分散液とした。この分散液0.045mLと0.15mol/Lゲンチジン酸含有0.156mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)0.030mLと、放射性金属源として89Zrイオン含有溶液(0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度1.9GBq/mL、日本メジフィジックス株式会社製より調製、液量0.03mL)57.2MBqとを混合した反応液を、加熱条件下で反応させて、89Zr錯体溶液を得た。キレート剤と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート剤:89Zrイオン=約630:1であり、反応液の加熱温度は70℃、加熱時間は60分間とした。
上述の工程(1)を経て得られた未精製のままの89Zr錯体の溶液と、実施例1と同様にして得られたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液とを、未精製のまま混合し、37℃で2時間クリック反応させて、89Zr錯体標識抗体を得た。DBCOとアジドとのモル比はそれぞれ約1:1であった。未精製時の実施例の89Zr錯体標識抗体の反応率(%)は72%であった。ここで、反応率(%)とは、錯体形成工程での標識率(%)に対する89Zr錯体標識抗体のRCP(%)を意味し、標識率(%)とは仕込み放射能量に対する89Zr錯体の放射能量の割合(%)を意味する。
更に、37℃で2時間反応させて得られた89Zr錯体標識抗体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC803096)を用いて精製した。精製後の89Zr錯体標識抗体の放射化学的純度(RCP)は96%、放射化学的収率(RCY)は49%であった。
DOTAGA-DBCOをDOTA-DBCOに変えた以外は、実施例3に準じて操作を行った。その結果、反応2時間後の反応率は61%、精製後の89Zr錯体標識抗体の放射化学的純度(RCP)は93%、放射化学的収率(RCY)は48%であった。
実施例3及び比較例2に従って製造した放射性複合体をそれぞれ5mLエッペンチューブ(LoBind、エッペンドルフ社製)に一部抜き取り、保存緩衝液(0.154mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.025mol/Lクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)並びに0.07重量/体積%ポリソルベート80、0.154mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.025mol/Lクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)混液)で希釈した。
抗原結合活性は評価1-2と同様にin vitro ARGにより確認した。また、実施例3の溶液にリツキシマブを添加した溶液で同様に評価を行うことで、各放射性複合体のCD20に対する特異性を確認した。結果を図5に示す。実施例3及び比較例2の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体のいずれにおいてもCD20に対する結合活性が確認された。実施例3及び比較例2に従って製造した放射性複合体はいずれもRamos腫瘍切片にのみ結合し、CD20選択的な結合を示した。また、リツキシマブを添加した溶液ではRamos腫瘍切片に対する結合が阻害され、結合のCD20特異性が確認された。
マウスを用いてRamos細胞及びCCRF-CEM細胞の皮下担癌モデルを作製し、実施例3の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体の腫瘍集積を確認した。
評価2と同様にRamos細胞及びCCRF-CEM細胞担癌マウスを作製した。担癌処置から約2週間後、腫瘍体積がおおよそ100~400mm3であることを確認した。実施例3の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体を4MBq/匹(各群n=3)の用量で尾静脈内投与した。その際の各マウスの腫瘍体積と体重は表4に示す。腫瘍体積は以下の式に従って算出した。
腫瘍体積(mm3)=(腫瘍長径×(腫瘍短径)2)×1/2
培養細胞を用いて、実施例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体の殺細胞効果を既存薬と比較した。ATCCから購入したCD20陽性であるヒトびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫由来細胞のSU-DHL-2細胞をRPMI1640培地(gibco、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)で培養し、実施例1の記載に従って製造した放射性複合体を0、0.001、0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、1、3、10、30kBq/mL(リツキシマブとして0.000874、0.00874、0.0262、0.0874、0.262、0.874、2.62、8.74、26.2μg/mL)となるよう各培地で希釈し、細胞に添加した。また、比較対象として、POLIVY(登録商標)(Genentech社製)を最終濃度が0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1、2、5、10μg/mLとなるように添加した。また、未標識のリツキシマブを、各放射能濃度のサンプルにおいて添加した総抗体濃度と同様になるように(0,0.005、0.05、0.15、0.5、1.5、5、15、50、150μg/mL)添加し、培養した。サンプル添加から120時間後、培地にCellTiter-Glo(登録商標)2.0 Cell Viability Assay(Promega社製)を添加し、マイクロプレートリーダー(SpectraMax i3x、モレキュラーデバイス社製)を用いて化学発光を検出し、生細胞数を算出した。算出された生細胞数に対し、サンプルを添加していない条件の生細胞数との比率を取り,殺細胞効果を評価した。結果を図7に示す。グラフの縦軸は、抗体を添加しなかった条件での生細胞数を1とした場合の相対値を表し、横軸は、添加した抗体濃度を示す。グラフは各群(n=4)の平均値±標準偏差を表す。
Claims (15)
- 抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との複合体であって、
前記キレート剤に放射性金属核種がキレート化しており、
前記抗CD20抗体とキレート剤とがリンカー(L)を介して連結しており、前記リンカー(L)はチオウレア結合を含まない、複合体。 - 前記複合体は、ペプチドで部位特異的に修飾された抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との複合体であり、
前記ペプチドと前記キレート剤とが前記リンカー(L)を介して連結している、請求項1に記載の複合体。 - 前記キレート剤がDOTAGA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記ペプチドが、下記の式:
(Xa)-Xaa1-(Xb)-Xaa2-(Xc)-Xaa3-(Xd)・・・(i)
(式(i)中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基、又は、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、ただし、Xaa1及びXaa3のいずれか一方がチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基であり、
Xaa1及びXaa3が連結することで、環構造が形成されており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸であり、かつXaa2が架橋剤で修飾されている。)
で表される、13~17アミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列である、請求項2に記載の複合体。 - 前記放射性金属核種がZr-89、Y-90、Lu-177又はAc-225である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記抗体又は前記ペプチドとの連結部位と前記抗体又は前記ペプチドとの間に、ポリエチレングリコール基を含む、請求項6に記載の放射性複合体。
- 前記抗CD20抗体がリツキシマブである、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 請求項1乃至9いずれか一項に記載の複合体を有効成分として含有する放射性医薬。
- がんの放射線内用療法に用いられる、請求項10に記載の放射性医薬。
- がんの診断に用いられる、請求項10に記載の放射性医薬。
- 請求項11に記載された放射性医薬を用いたがんの放射線内用療法に併用される、請求項12に記載の放射性医薬。
- 放射性金属核種がキレート化したキレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有し
抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との連結にチオウレア結合を含まない、下記(1)または(2)の条件を満たす放射性医薬:
(1)前記放射性金属核種が177Lu又は90Yであって、室温で7日間保管した時の前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である。
(2)前記放射性金属核種が225Acであって、室温で14日間保管した時の前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である。 - 放射性金属核種がキレート化したキレート剤と、抗CD20抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有し
抗CD20抗体とキレート剤との連結にチオウレア結合を含まず、
前記放射性金属核種の半減期を基準として、前記半減期の1以上5以下の倍数の期間経過時点において、前記複合体の放射化学的純度が90%以上である放射性医薬。
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JP2022030389A (ja) | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-18 | スズキ株式会社 | リアコンビネーションランプの保護構造 |
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EP4327831A1 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
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