WO2022202263A1 - イムノクロマトグラフ検査装置 - Google Patents
イムノクロマトグラフ検査装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022202263A1 WO2022202263A1 PCT/JP2022/009823 JP2022009823W WO2022202263A1 WO 2022202263 A1 WO2022202263 A1 WO 2022202263A1 JP 2022009823 W JP2022009823 W JP 2022009823W WO 2022202263 A1 WO2022202263 A1 WO 2022202263A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an immunochromatographic inspection device.
- immunochromatography is widely used because it is easy to operate and can be tested in a short time.
- An immunochromatographic kit comprises an immunochromatographic carrier supplied with a sample.
- An immunochromatographic carrier has a test region on which an antibody that specifically binds to an antigen, which is a test substance, is immobilized.
- an antibody that specifically binds to an antigen is developed on an immunochromatographic carrier together with a sample containing the antigen, the antigen binds to the antibody immobilized in the test area, and the labeled substance is captured via the antigen. be done. If the test area develops color from the labeling substance captured in this test area, it is determined to be positive.
- WO2016/114122 and WO2017/104143 disclose amplification techniques for amplifying labeling signals emitted by labeling substances.
- the disclosed amplification technique is that of silver amplification in which colloidal gold particles are used as labeling substances and silver ions and silver ion reducing agents are used as reagents for amplification.
- colloidal gold particles are used as a catalyst to cause an amplification reaction that produces silver particles having a relatively large particle size. This amplification reaction amplifies the labeling signal emitted by the colloidal gold particles.
- the immunochromatography kits of WO 2016/114122 and WO 2017/104143 include a first amplification liquid pod holding a first amplification liquid (corresponding to the first reagent) containing a silver ion reducing agent, a silver ion is provided with a second amplification solution that holds a second amplification solution (corresponding to a second reagent) containing
- the immunochromatography kit has a mechanism for applying a pressing force to the first amplification fluid pod and a mechanism for applying a pressing force to the second amplification fluid pod. By applying a pressing force to each mechanism, it is possible to supply the first amplification liquid and the second amplification liquid to the immunochromatographic carrier and cause an amplification reaction.
- Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2008-275473 relates to an analyzer that uses microwells having a plurality of wells and performs analysis processing on a large number of samples in parallel.
- the analyzer disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-275473 is provided with bubble/foreign matter determining means for determining whether bubbles or foreign matter are mixed in the microwell.
- bubble/foreign matter determining means for determining whether bubbles or foreign matter are mixed in the microwell.
- An inspection device using a cartridge including a first amplification liquid pod and a second amplification liquid pod is known, such as the immunochromatography kits described in WO2016/114122 and WO2017/104143.
- the inspection apparatus includes a sensor that optically detects the light emission state of the inspection area, and a display section that displays the detection result. By using the inspection device, the user can mechanically determine whether the sample is positive or negative simply by loading the cartridge on which the sample is spotted.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide an immunochromatographic inspection apparatus capable of suppressing the occurrence of erroneous determinations compared to the conventional technology.
- the immunochromatographic testing apparatus of the present disclosure includes a carrier having a spotting area where a specimen is spotted and a testing area where the coloring state changes depending on whether the specimen is positive or negative, and a reagent is supplied to the carrier.
- a loading unit in which the cartridge to be loaded is detachably loaded a first detection unit that detects the coloring state of the inspection area; a second detection unit that detects the state of bubbles generated in the inspection area due to the supply of the reagent;
- a processor that determines whether or not there is a change in the coloring state based on the coloring state detected by the first detection unit, and when it is determined that there is no bubble based on the generation state of bubbles detected by the second detection unit. and a processor for determining whether or not there is a change in the coloring state.
- the second detection unit may be an image sensor that outputs an observation image including the observation area by capturing an image of the observation area including the inspection area and a peripheral area of the inspection area. preferable.
- the processor obtains the standard deviation of the pixel values of the image of the region of interest within the observation region, and if the standard deviation is equal to or less than a preset threshold value, it is determined that there are no bubbles. good.
- the processor derives the pixel value difference or ratio between the reference image without bubbles and the image of the region of interest in the observation region, and the difference or ratio is equal to or less than a preset threshold value. , it may be determined that there is no bubble.
- the processor determines that bubbles are present, it is preferable to determine again whether or not bubbles are present after a first preset time has elapsed.
- the processor determines that there are bubbles even after the second preset time has elapsed from the preset point in time after the cartridge is loaded, An error is preferably reported.
- the processor acquires two or more observation images with a time difference from the second detection unit, and the pixel value difference of the image of the attention area in the observation area in the two or more observation images.
- a ratio may be derived, and it may be determined that there are no bubbles when the difference or ratio is equal to or less than a preset threshold value.
- the first detection unit is an imaging unit that captures an image of the observation area including the inspection area and its peripheral area, and preferably serves as both the first detection unit and the second detection unit.
- the cartridge includes a cover member that covers the carrier, and in the cover member, a gap of 0.01 to 1 mm through which the reagent is supplied between the surface of the carrier and the cover member in the inspection area. , and the reagent is preferably spread in the test area using the gap as a channel.
- the cartridge holds a first reagent holding part holding a first reagent supplied to the carrier, and a second reagent supplied to the carrier after the first reagent is supplied to the carrier. It is preferable that the reagent causing bubbles is the second reagent, and the processor determines the presence or absence of bubbles after the second reagent is supplied to the carrier.
- the immunochromatograph inspection device of the present disclosure it is possible to suppress the occurrence of erroneous determinations.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of an immunochromatograph inspection device
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cartridge
- 4 is an exploded perspective view of the cartridge
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the positional relationship of the test strip, multifunctional member, first reagent holding portion, and second reagent holding portion in the cartridge; It is explanatory drawing of the immunochromatography method.
- FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway side view of the inspection device in which the cartridge is loaded
- FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway side view of the inspection device in which the cartridge is loaded and the second reagent supply mechanism is in operation
- 8A and 8B are diagrams schematically showing images of an imaging region, in which FIG. 8A is a diagram showing the case with bubbles, and FIG.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the case without bubbles. It is a figure which shows an inspection flow. It is a figure which shows the inspection flow in an inspection apparatus. It is a figure which shows the 1st flow of the process which discriminate
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a second flow of the process of determining the presence or absence of bubbles; It is a figure which shows the modification of the inspection flow in an inspection apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a flow of steps for confirming the absence of bubbles;
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of an immunochromatograph inspection device 110 (hereinafter simply referred to as inspection device 110) of one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an external view of the cartridge 100 attached to the inspection device 110, and
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the cartridge 100.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the positional relationship of main housing components within the cartridge 100. As shown in FIG.
- the cartridge 100 is a single-use type that is used one by one for each sample to be tested. Inside the cartridge 100, as shown in FIG. 3, a test strip 1 containing an immunochromatographic carrier 2 (hereinafter referred to as carrier 2) is arranged inside the cartridge 100. A test region L1 is provided on the carrier 2, and the coloring state changes depending on whether the sample contains the test substance, that is, whether the sample is positive or negative.
- carrier 2 an immunochromatographic carrier 2
- the specimen is not particularly limited as long as it may contain the test substance.
- Specimens are, for example, biological samples, particularly animal (especially human) blood, serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, tears, sweat, urine, pus, nasal discharge, nasal swab, pharyngeal swab, nasal aspirate, Alternatively, body fluids such as sputum, excrement, organs, tissues, mucous membranes and skin, or swabs containing them, or liquid samples containing animals and plants themselves or dried bodies thereof.
- Antigens, antibodies, proteins, low-molecular-weight compounds, and the like are examples of test substances.
- the inspection device 110 of this example is loaded with the cartridge 100 in which the sample is spotted. Then, the inspection device 110 detects the coloring state of the inspection area L1 of the loaded cartridge 100, and presents the determination result as to whether the specimen is positive or negative. In the following description, determination of whether a specimen is positive or negative is referred to as main determination.
- main determination determination of whether a specimen is positive or negative is referred to as main determination.
- the cartridge 100 is loaded into the testing device 110.
- the cartridge 100 of this example allows the user to visually check whether the sample is positive or negative without using the testing device 110. It has a configuration that can be confirmed.
- Such a cartridge 100 is also called an immunochromatographic test tool or an immunochromatographic test kit.
- the inspection device 110 has a housing 111, and the housing 111 has a cartridge loading section 112 in which the cartridge 100 is detachably loaded.
- the front surface of the housing 111 is provided with an opening for inserting the cartridge 100 into the housing 111 and an opening/closing lid 112a for opening and closing the opening.
- the opening/closing lid 112a is opened, the cartridge 100 is inserted into the housing 111, and when the cartridge loading section 112 is loaded, the opening/closing lid 112a is closed. The inspection is performed with the opening/closing lid 112a closed.
- a power switch 113 is provided on the front surface of the housing 111, and a monitor 119 is provided on the upper surface of the housing 111.
- the monitor 119 displays the result of the main determination, an error message, and the like.
- the monitor 119 is, for example, a touch panel monitor, and displays various operation screens. Through the operation screen, the user can input operation instructions such as an instruction to start processing and selection of an examination procedure.
- the cartridge 100 includes, for example, a housing 9 composed of a case member 20 and a cover member 10.
- the housing 9 is made of resin material, for example.
- the case member 20 has an opening formed in its upper portion, and accommodates therein the test strip 1 as well as the first reagent holding portion 40 and the second reagent holding portion 45 .
- the cover member 10 covers the opening of the case member 20 by being attached to the opening of the case member 20 .
- the housing 9 has an elongated shape as a whole to match the elongated shape of the test strip 1 .
- a drip port 16, an observation window 18, a first pressed portion 11 and a second pressed portion 12 are provided in the upper portion of the housing 9, which is constituted by the cover member 10 in this example. These parts are integrally formed with the cover member 10 as an example.
- the drip port 16 is an opening for dripping the specimen inside the housing 9 .
- a boss is erected upward on the edge of the drip port 16 .
- the observation window 18 is a window for observing the inspection area L1 from the outside, and is formed of a transparent member as an example. In this example, the size of the observation window 18 is such that not only the inspection area L1 but also the control area L2 and the coloring area L3, which will be described later, can be observed.
- the first pressed portion 11 is an operation portion operated to supply the first reagent 41 (see FIG. 4) in the first reagent holding portion 40 to the carrier 2 .
- the second pressed portion 12 is an operation portion operated to supply the second reagent 46 (see FIG. 4) in the second reagent holding portion 45 to the carrier 2 .
- the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are amplifying agents for amplifying the coloring of the test region L1 when the specimen 50 is positive, as will be described later.
- the first pressed portion 11 When a pressing force is applied from the outside as an external force to the first pressed portion 11, the first pressed portion 11 is deformed.
- the first pressed portion 11 has a quadrangular pyramid shape, and when a pressing force is applied from above to a region including the apex of the quadrangular pyramid, the apex of the quadrangular pyramid sinks into the interior of the housing 9 . Transform into When the first pressed portion 11 is deformed in this manner, a pressing force is applied to the first reagent holding portion 40 inside the housing 9 . Deformation or the like occurs in the first reagent holding portion 40 due to the pressing force applied through the first pressed portion 11 . Due to this deformation or the like, the first reagent 41 held by the first reagent holding portion 40 is supplied to the test strip 1 .
- the first pressed portion 11 is maintained in a state after being deformed after being deformed by pressing.
- the inspection device 110 of this example can be loaded with the cartridge 100 in which the first pressed portion 11 is pre-pressed by the user.
- the deformation of the first pressed portion 11 is maintained even after the user releases the first pressed portion 11 . This is because it is easy to continue the supply of the reagent 41 .
- the second pressed portion 12 when a pressing force is applied to the second pressed portion 12 from the outside as an external force, the second pressed portion 12 is deformed.
- the second pressed portion 12 of this example also has a quadrangular pyramid shape. The vertex is deformed so as to sink into the housing 9 .
- a pressing force is applied to the second reagent holding portion 45 inside the housing 9 . Deformation or the like occurs in the second reagent holding portion 45 due to the pressing force applied through the second pressed portion 12 . Due to this deformation or the like, the second reagent 46 held by the second reagent holding portion 45 is supplied to the test strip 1 .
- the second pressed portion 12 of this example is provided with a contact portion 12b that contacts the second reagent holding portion 45 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the inspection apparatus 110 of this example can select a plurality of inspection flows, as described later.
- the second pressed portion 12 is pressed by the internal mechanism of the inspection device 110 . Therefore, it is sufficient that the second pressed portion 12 can be pressed by an internal mechanism.
- the user can also press the second pressed portion 12 when the cartridge 100 is used. Aspects are preferred.
- the case member 20 accommodates the test strip 1 including the carrier 2 along the longitudinal direction.
- a first reagent holding portion 40 is disposed on the case member 20 on one end side in the longitudinal direction (upstream side shown in FIG. 4).
- a recessed first accommodating portion 24 is formed to match the shape of the first reagent holding portion 40 .
- One end of the test strip 1 is placed above the first reagent holding portion 40 that is housed in the first housing portion 24 .
- the first reagent holding section 40 holds the first reagent 41 .
- the first reagent holding part 40 is made of, for example, a resin material and is composed of a container 42 having an opening on one side and a breakable sheet member 43 that covers the opening of the container 42 .
- the container 42 is filled with the first reagent 41 and the opening of the container 42 is sealed with the sheet member 43 .
- the first reagent holding section 40 is arranged in the first housing section 24 with the sheet member 43 facing upward.
- the pressing force applied from the first pressed portion 11 is transmitted to the sheet member 43 of the first reagent holding portion 40 via the end portion of the test strip 1, breaking the sheet member 43 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the first reagent 41 is supplied to the test strip 1 by breaking the sheet member 43 .
- the first pressed portion 11 of this example is provided with a ridge portion 11b that abuts on the sheet member 43 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the protruding portion 11b has, for example, an elongated shape extending in the width direction of the test strip 1 and a tip pointed toward the sheet member 43 so as to easily break the sheet member 43. .
- the cartridge 100 also includes a multifunctional member 30 that has a function of accommodating the second reagent holding portion 45 .
- the multifunctional member 30 is arranged on the other end side of the case member 20 (downstream side in FIG. 4) and above the test strip 1 .
- the multifunctional member 30 is a member in which a second housing portion 32 and a flow path forming portion 35 are integrally formed.
- the second storage portion 32 is a portion that stores the second reagent holding portion 45 .
- the second housing portion 32 has a box shape with an open top. As shown in FIG.
- a protrusion 34 for breaking a later-described sheet member 48 of the second reagent holding part 45 and a second reagent flowing out from the second reagent holding part 45 are provided.
- An opening 33 is formed through which the reagent 46 flows toward the carrier 2 .
- the flow path forming portion 35 is provided so as to be connected to the upstream side from the second housing portion 32 .
- the flow path forming part 35 has a flat plate shape, is arranged at a position facing the test area L1 and the like in the longitudinal direction of the carrier 2, and is arranged with a gap between it and the carrier 2. As shown in FIG. Then, the flow path forming part 35 forms a flow path between the carrier 2 and the second reagent 46 flowing out from the second storage part 32 toward the test region L1 or the like. In this manner, the flow path forming portion 35 is arranged between the observation window 18 and the inspection area L1 of the carrier 2 and the like. Therefore, the flow path forming portion 35 is made of a transparent member so that the inspection area L1 and the like can be observed through the observation window 18 .
- the second reagent holding section 45 holds the second reagent 46 .
- the second reagent holding part 45 is made of, for example, a resin material and is composed of a container 47 having an opening on one side and a breakable sheet member 48 that covers the opening of the container 47 .
- a container 47 is filled with a second reagent 46 , and the opening of the container 47 is sealed with a sheet member 48 .
- the second reagent holding section 45 is arranged in the second housing section 32 with the sheet member 48 facing downward. As a result, the sheet member 48 faces the projecting portion 34 inside the second accommodating portion 32 .
- the pressing force applied from the second pressed portion 12 to the second reagent holding portion 45 acts in a direction to push the second reagent holding portion 45 downward, thereby pressing the sheet member 48 against the projection portion 34 .
- the sheet member 48 is broken (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the second reagent 46 is supplied to the carrier 2 through the channel formed by the opening 33 at the bottom of the second containing portion 32 and the channel forming portion 35 .
- a gap ( clearance) D is formed.
- the gap D is in the range of 0.01 mm to 1 mm, for example.
- the second reagent 46 flows out from the opening 33 at the bottom of the second container 32 toward the carrier 2, and the second reagent 46 that has flowed out flows through the channel formed by the gap D to at least the inspection area L1. reach.
- the second reagent 46 that has reached the inspection area L1 infiltrates the inspection area L1 from the channel. That is, in the housing 9, there is a gap D of 0.01 to 1 mm between the surface of the carrier 2 and the flow path forming portion 35 in the inspection area L1, and the second reagent 46 is supplied. 46 is developed in the inspection area L1 using the gap D as a flow path.
- the case member 20 is provided with a supporting portion 22 that supports the end portion of the test strip 1 including the absorbent pad 6 at a position facing the absorbent pad 6 .
- a second receiving portion 32 of the multifunctional member 30 is arranged above the absorbent pad 6 .
- the support portion 22 also supports the multifunctional member 30 via the absorbent pad 6 .
- the case member 20 is formed with a support portion 21 that supports the central portion of the test strip 1 .
- the test strip 1 comprises a carrier 2, a liquid transfer pad 4, and an absorbent pad 6.
- the carrier 2 is fixed and supported on the back pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet 7 .
- the carrier 2 is a porous insoluble carrier for developing the specimen, and comprises an inspection area L1, a control area L2 and a coloring area L3.
- the carrier 2 also comprises an indicator-retaining pad 3 .
- the label holding pad 3 constitutes a spotting area on which the sample is spotted.
- the coloring area L3 is arranged downstream of the inspection area L1.
- the test area L1, the control area L2, and the coloring area L3 are line-shaped areas extending in a direction perpendicular to the developing direction of the specimen on the carrier 2, respectively.
- test area L1 the control area L2, and the coloring area L3 are shown as lines, they are not always expressed. Details will be described later, but before the sample 50 (see FIG. 5), the first reagent 41 (see FIG. 4), and the second reagent 46 (see FIG. 4) are developed, the colors of the inspection region L1 and the control region L2 are Since the color is substantially the same as the color of the carrier 2 (for example, white), it is not possible to clearly see the inspection area L1 and the control area L2 at this stage.
- the test area L1 is developed as a line by developing the specimen 50 and increasing the color development density when the developed specimen 50 is positive. As a result, the inspection area L1 becomes visible. Since the color development of the inspection area L1 is amplified by silver amplification, which will be described later, the inspection area L1 develops a black color.
- the control area L2 also appears as a line due to the increase in color development density when the sample 50 is developed. As a result, the control area L2 becomes visible. Since the coloring of the control region L2 is also silver-amplified, the control region L2 also develops a black color.
- the coloring region L3 appears as a dark green line with a black tint (hereinafter referred to as dark green) and is visible.
- the colored region L3 appears as an orange line by changing the color from dark green to orange.
- the carrier 2 for example, a porous material such as a nitrocellulose membrane can be used.
- the back adhesive sheet 7 to which the carrier 2 is fixed is a sheet-like base material having an adhesive surface on which the carrier 2 is attached.
- a labeling substance 53 is fixed to the label holding pad 3 .
- the labeling substance 53 is modified with a first binding substance 52 that specifically binds to the test substance 51 contained in the specimen 50 .
- the label holding pad 3 is fixed on the carrier 2 at a position facing the drip port 16 of the cover member 10 . Accordingly, the sample 50 is dropped onto the label holding pad 3 from the dropping port 16 . Therefore, the label holding pad 3 corresponds to a spotting area on which the sample 50 is spotted.
- the label holding pad 3 is fixed at approximately the central position of the carrier 2 in the longitudinal direction.
- the labeling substance 53 for example, colloidal gold particles (EM.GC50, manufactured by BBI) having a diameter of 50 nm can be used.
- the labeling substance 53 is not limited to colloidal gold, and metal sulfides that can be used in normal chromatography, colored particles that are used in immunoagglutination, and the like can be used, and colloidal metals are particularly preferred.
- metal colloids include colloidal gold, colloidal silver, colloidal platinum, colloidal iron, colloidal aluminum hydroxide, and composite colloids thereof. gold colloid is most preferable among them.
- the inspection region L1 contains a second binding substance 56 that specifically binds to the test substance 51 and captures the test substance 51 .
- the second binding substance 56 binds to the test substance 51 and captures the test substance 51 in the inspection region L1
- the first binding substance 52 and the labeling substance 53 bound to the test substance 51 are captured. be.
- the specimen 50 contains the test substance 51
- the test substance 51 and the labeling substance 53 are captured in the test region L1, so that the color density of the test region L1 rises above a preset standard.
- the inspection area L ⁇ b>1 is an area for confirming the presence or absence of the test substance 51 based on the labeling signal from the labeling substance 53 captured through the test substance 51 .
- the control region L2 contains a third binding substance 58 that specifically binds to the first binding substance 52, and captures the labeling substance 53 via the first binding substance 52.
- the labeling substance 53 that is not bound to the test substance 51 among the labeling substances 53 modified with the first binding substance 52 is also included in the test region L1 together with the sample 50.
- the inside of the carrier 2 is developed toward the .
- the labeling substance 53 that is not bound to the test substance 51 passes through the inspection area L1 without being captured by the inspection area L1.
- the labeling substance 53 that has passed through the inspection region L1 is captured in the control region L2 via the first binding substance 52 as the first binding substance 52 binds to the third binding substance 58 .
- the control area L2 is an area for confirming the completion of the development of the specimen 50 based on the labeling signal from the labeling substance 53 captured via the first binding substance 52 . Therefore, the control area L2 is sometimes called a confirmation area.
- the first binding substance 52 that modifies the labeling substance 53 and specifically binds to the test substance 51 is, for example, an antibody against the antigen if the test substance is an antigen, or an antibody that is the test substance.
- the test substance is a protein or a low-molecular-weight compound, it is a substance that specifically binds to the test substance, such as an aptamer for the protein or the low-molecular-weight compound.
- the second binding substance 56 fixed to the test region L1 and specifically binding to the test substance 51 is, for example, an antibody against the antigen when the test substance is an antigen, or an antibody against the test substance.
- the test substance is a protein or a low-molecular-weight compound, it is a substance that specifically binds to the test substance, such as an aptamer for the protein or the low-molecular-weight compound.
- the first binding substance 52 and the second binding substance 56 may be the same or different.
- the third binding substance 58 that specifically binds to the first binding substance 52 may be the test substance 51 itself or a compound having a site recognized by the first binding substance 52.
- a compound obtained by binding a derivative of the substance 51 to a protein may be used.
- the first binding substance 52 and the second binding substance 56 are anti-influenza A monoclonal antibody (Anti-Influenza A SPTN-5 7307, Medix Biochemical company), and an anti-mouse IgG antibody (anti-mouse IgG (H+L), rabbit F(ab′)2, product number 566-70621, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is used as the third binding substance 58.
- Anti-Influenza A SPTN-5 7307 Medix Biochemical company
- an anti-mouse IgG antibody anti-mouse IgG (H+L), rabbit F(ab′)2, product number 566-70621, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the coloring region L3 contains a substance that reacts with the first reagent 41 to change the coloring state.
- the colored region L3 reacts with the first reagent 41 to develop color or change color, thereby indicating that the first reagent 41 has been spread to that region.
- a mixed aqueous solution of iron nitrate aqueous solution and citric acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 038-06925
- bromocresol green (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Co., Ltd.) is preferably fixed in a line to form the coloring region L3. This aspect is the aspect of the coloring region L3 of the present example.
- the coloring region L3 of the present example is dark green before reacting with the first reagent 41. When you reach it, it turns orange.
- the coloring region L3 is also called an amplification index region because it indicates the timing at which the first reagent 41 is developed and the second reagent 46 is supplied by changing the coloring state.
- the liquid-feeding pad 4 is arranged in contact with one end of the carrier 2, and feeds the first reagent 41 to the carrier 2 from the upstream side of the spotting area (constituted by the label holding pad 3). One end of the liquid-feeding pad 4 is immersed in the first reagent holding section 40 when the first pressed portion 11 is pressed.
- the liquid-feeding pad 4 is made of a porous material, absorbs the first reagent 41, and feeds the absorbed first reagent 41 to the carrier 2 by capillary action.
- the absorbent pad 6 is arranged in contact with the other end of the carrier 2 and absorbs the specimen 50, the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 developed on the carrier 2.
- the absorbent pad 6 is also made of a porous material.
- the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are amplifying drugs that amplify the color development of the test region L1 and the control region L2 by reacting with each other.
- a metallic labeling substance such as colloidal gold
- silver amplification is used as a method for amplifying the labeling signal of the labeling substance 53, for example.
- the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are, for example, amplification drugs used for silver amplification, and the reaction of the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 with the labeling substance 53 as a catalyst is the amplification reaction.
- the amplification reaction produces silver particles 60 (see FIG. 5) having a particle size relatively larger than that of the labeling substance 53 .
- the first reagent 41 is a reducing agent that reduces silver ions
- the second reagent 46 is silver ions.
- silver particles 60 (see FIG. 5) are generated.
- silver particles 60 (see FIG. 5) having a particle diameter larger than that of the labeling substance 53 are produced.
- the labeling signal emitted by the labeling substance 53 is amplified, and as a result, the coloring of the labeling substance 53 is amplified in the inspection area L1 and the control area L2.
- any inorganic or organic material or a mixture thereof can be used as long as it can reduce silver ions used as the second reagent 46 to silver.
- Preferred examples of the inorganic reducing agent include reducing metal salts and reducing metal complexes whose valence can be changed with metal ions such as Fe 2+ , V 2+ and Ti 3+ . When using inorganic reducing agents, it is necessary to complex or reduce the oxidized ions to remove or render them harmless.
- citric acid or EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Developing agents used in wet silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials for example, methyl gallate, hydroquinone, substituted hydroquinone, 3-pyrazolidones, p-aminophenols, p-phenylenediamines, hindered phenols, amidoxime azines, azines, catechols, pyrogallols, ascorbic acid (or its derivatives), and leuco dyes), and other materials apparent to those skilled in the art, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,117. can also be used.
- an ascorbic acid reducing agent is also preferable.
- useful ascorbic acid reducing agents include ascorbic acid and analogues, isomers and derivatives thereof, such as D- or L-ascorbic acid and its sugar derivatives such as ⁇ -lactoascorbic acid, glucoascorbic acid, fucoascorbic acid , glucoheptoacorbic acid, maltoascorbic acid), sodium salt of ascorbic acid, potassium salt of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid (or L-erythroascorbic acid), salts thereof (eg alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or the art known salt), enediol-type ascorbic acid, enaminol-type ascorbic acid, thioenol-type ascorbic acid, etc., particularly D, L or D, L-ascorbic acid (and , its alkali metal salt) or isoascorbic acid (or its alkali metal salt
- a solution in which a compound containing silver ions is dissolved in a solvent is preferable.
- Organic silver salts, inorganic silver salts, or silver complexes can be used as silver ion-containing compounds. Inorganic silver salts or silver complexes are preferred.
- the inorganic silver salt it is possible to use a silver ion-containing compound that is highly soluble in a solvent such as water, such as silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver lactate, silver butyrate, and silver thiosulfate. Silver nitrate is particularly preferred.
- a silver complex coordinated with a ligand having a water-soluble group such as a hydroxyl group or a sulfone group is preferable, and examples thereof include hydroxythioether silver.
- the sample 50 is spotted on the label holding pad 3, which is the spotting area (step S1).
- a test substance 51 in a specimen 50 spotted on the label-holding pad 3 specifically binds to a first binding substance 52 that modifies the labeling substance 53 contained in the label-holding pad 3 .
- the analyte 50 is developed downstream from the label holding pad 3 within the carrier 2 by capillary action in the carrier 2 .
- a portion of the specimen 50 is also developed on the upstream side.
- An arrow S indicates how the specimen 50 is unfolded.
- the first reagent 41 is supplied (step S2).
- the first reagent 41 is supplied from the liquid transfer pad 4 side.
- the first reagent 41 is supplied to the carrier 2 via the liquid-sending pad 4 and developed downstream.
- step S3-S4 wait until the first reagent 41 is developed downstream.
- "Wait" shown in FIG. 5 means waiting.
- the first reagent 41 is gradually developed downstream, and the sample 50 being developed from the label holding pad 3 and the labeling substance 53 modified with the first binding substance 52 are pushed to the downstream side by the first reagent 41. (step S3).
- the test substance 51 in the sample 50 that has been developed downstream and reached the inspection region L1 is captured by the second binding substance 56 in the inspection region L1. That is, the labeling substance 53 is captured in the inspection region L1 via the test substance 51 and the first binding substance 52 .
- the labeling substance 53 not bound to the test substance 51 passes through the inspection region L1 without being captured and is captured by the third binding substance 58 in the control region L2.
- the coloring region L3 reacts with the first reagent 41 to change the coloring state.
- the coloring region L3 is dark green before reacting with the first reagent 41 and changes color to orange by reacting with the first reagent 41 .
- the second reagent 46 is supplied to the carrier 2 (step S5).
- the second reagent 46 is supplied to the carrier 2 from the downstream side of the coloring region L3 and developed upstream.
- the first reagent 41 is a first amplification liquid containing a reducing agent that reduces silver ions
- the second reagent 46 is a second amplification liquid containing silver ions.
- Silver particles 60 are generated by the reaction of the first amplification liquid and the second amplification liquid with the colloidal gold particles as the labeling substance 53 as a catalyst. This amplifies the label signal (step S6).
- the first reagent 41 is developed downstream by capillary action in the liquid-sending pad 4 and the carrier 2 .
- the second reagent 46 flows on the surface of the carrier 2 using the gap D between the channel forming portion 35 of the multifunctional member 30 and the surface of the carrier 2 as a channel, and is developed in the test area L1.
- bubbles may be generated in the gap D. be.
- bubbles may be generated in the test region L1 arranged at a position facing the flow path forming portion 35 of the carrier 2 and its surroundings.
- One of the causes of the generation of bubbles is presumed to be that the second reagent 46 flows vigorously into the gap D, and the remaining air and the second reagent 46 are mixed. It is also presumed that the air in the carrier 2 rises to the surface of the carrier 2 when the second reagent 46 that has flowed into the gap D infiltrates into the carrier 2 . It is speculated that at least one of these causes the generation of bubbles.
- FIG. 6 and 7 are partially broken side views of the inspection device 110 with the cartridge 100 loaded. The configuration and functions of the inspection apparatus 110 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
- FIG. 6 is partially broken side views of the inspection device 110 with the cartridge 100 loaded. The configuration and functions of the inspection apparatus 110 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
- FIG. 6 is partially broken side views of the inspection device 110 with the cartridge 100 loaded. The configuration and functions of the inspection apparatus 110 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the inspection apparatus 110 of this example can select, for example, the following three inspection flows: a first inspection flow, a second inspection flow, and a third inspection flow.
- a first inspection flow In any of the first to third test flows, the sample 50 must be spotted on the carrier 2 of the cartridge 100 before loading.
- the first inspection flow is a flow for inspecting the cartridge 100 in a state where the application of the sample 50 and the supply of the first reagent 41 are started before loading.
- the first inspection flow after the cartridge is loaded into the inspection device 110 , only the second reagent 46 of the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 is supplied to the carrier 2 by the inspection device 110 .
- the second inspection flow is a flow for inspecting the cartridge 100 on which only the sample 50 has been spotted before loading.
- the inspection device 110 supplies both the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 to the carrier 2 .
- the third inspection flow is a flow for inspecting the cartridge 100 in a state where the sample 50 is spotted, the first reagent 41 is supplied, and the second reagent 46 is supplied, before loading.
- the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are not supplied to the inspection device 110 after the cartridges are loaded into the inspection device 110 .
- the first inspection flow will be described below after the configuration of the inspection apparatus 110 is described.
- the inspection device 110 includes a first reagent supply mechanism 116 and a second reagent supply mechanism 118 as internal mechanisms.
- the first reagent supply mechanism 116 is a mechanism for starting supply of the first reagent 41 from the first reagent holding part 40 to the carrier 2 .
- the first reagent supply mechanism 116 uses, for example, an actuator such as a solenoid provided with an electromagnet and a plunger movable with respect to the electromagnet. For example, by moving the plunger, the plunger comes into contact with the first pressed portion 11 and presses the first pressed portion 11 .
- the first reagent supply mechanism 116 is arranged at a position facing the first pressed portion 11 of the loaded cartridge 100 .
- the first reagent supply mechanism 116 is a pressing mechanism that applies a pressing force to the first pressed portion 11 from the outside by pressing the first pressed portion 11 of the cartridge 100 .
- a pressing force is applied to the first pressed portion 11 by the first reagent supply mechanism 116, the first reagent 41 is supplied from the first reagent holding portion 40 to the carrier 2 by the action described above.
- the first reagent supply mechanism 116 is not used in the first test flow and the third test flow, and is used only in the second test flow.
- the second reagent supply mechanism 118 is a mechanism for starting supply of the second reagent 46 from the second reagent holding portion 45 to the carrier 2 . As with the first reagent supply mechanism 116, the second reagent supply mechanism 118 also uses an actuator such as a solenoid. The second reagent supply mechanism 118 is arranged at a position facing the second pressed portion 12 of the loaded cartridge 100 . The second reagent supply mechanism 118 is a pressing mechanism that applies a pressing force to the second pressed portion 12 from the outside by pressing the second pressed portion 12 of the cartridge 100 .
- the second reagent 46 is supplied from the second reagent holding portion 45 to the carrier 2 by the action described above.
- the second reagent supply mechanism 118 is not used in the third test flow, and is used only in the first and second test flows.
- the inspection apparatus 110 further includes a detection unit 114 , a processor 120 and a memory 121 in addition to the loading unit 112 , the first reagent supply mechanism 116 and the second reagent supply mechanism 118 inside the housing 111 .
- the processor 120 and memory 121 are shown outside the housing 111 of the inspection apparatus 110 in FIG.
- the detection unit 114 optically detects the coloring states of the inspection region L1, the control region L2, and the coloring region L3, and outputs a detection signal representing the coloring state to the processor 120. Further, the detection unit 114 detects the state of generation of bubbles generated in the inspection region L ⁇ b>1 due to the supply of the second reagent 46 and outputs a detection signal representing the state of generation of bubbles to the processor 120 .
- the detection unit 114 is, for example, an image sensor such as a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor and a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor.
- the detection unit 114 is arranged, for example, at a position facing the observation window 18 .
- the detection unit 114 captures an image of a preset range centered on the observation window 18 and including its surroundings.
- the captured image captured by the detection unit 114 includes observation areas 70 (see FIG. 8) exposed through the observation window 18, such as the inspection area L1, the control area L2, and the coloring area L3. Then, the captured image is output from the detection unit 114 to the processor 120 .
- light sources 115 such as light-emitting diodes are provided on both sides of the detection unit 114 to illuminate the inspection area L1, the control area L2, and the coloring area L3 during imaging.
- the processor 120 comprehensively controls each part of the inspection device 110 .
- An example of the processor 120 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that performs various controls by executing programs. By executing the programs, the CPU controls the detection unit control unit 122, the coloring state determination unit 123, the first reagent supply mechanism control unit 124, the second reagent supply mechanism control unit 125, the display control unit 126, the foam determination unit 129, and the It functions as a controller having a timer 128 .
- the memory 121 is an example of memory connected to or built into the CPU as the processor 120 . For example, a control program is stored in the memory 121 .
- Processor 120 is implemented by a CPU executing a control program.
- the detection unit control unit 122 controls imaging timing by the detection unit 114 .
- the first reagent supply mechanism control section 124 operates the first reagent supply mechanism 116 to press the first pressed section 11 .
- the second reagent supply mechanism control unit 125 operates the second reagent supply mechanism 118 based on the change in the coloring state of the coloring region L3, and controls the second pressed portion 12 to be pressed.
- the coloring state determination unit 123 executes coloring region determination processing, control region determination processing, and inspection region determination processing based on the detection signal output by the detection unit 114 .
- the detection unit 114 outputs a captured image of the observation area 70 including the inspection area L1, the control area L2, and the coloring area L3.
- the coloring state determination unit 123 executes each of the determination processes described above based on the captured image.
- the coloring region determination process based on the captured image, it is determined whether the coloring state of the coloring region L3 has changed, for example, whether the color has changed from dark green, which is the color before reaction with the first reagent 41, to orange. processing. When there is a change in the coloring state, it means that the first reagent 41 has spread to the coloring region L3.
- change in coloring state includes a mode in which a first color different from the color of the carrier changes to a second color (that is, discoloration), and a color different from that of the carrier develops, thereby changing the color of the carrier. It includes either a mode of changing to another color (ie, color development) or a mode of changing color density (ie, density change).
- the processor 120 operates the second reagent supply mechanism 118 via the second reagent supply mechanism control unit 125 when the coloring state determination unit 123 determines that the coloring state of the coloring region L3 has changed.
- the control area determination process is a process of determining whether or not there is a change in the coloring state of the control area L2 based on the captured image.
- the line is expressed in the control region L2 by capturing the labeling substance 53 in the control region or by silver amplification after being captured. .
- the coloring state determination unit 123 determines that the coloring state of the control region L2 has changed, ie, that the control region L2 has developed, the inspection region determination processing of the next step is executed.
- the inspection area determination process is a process of determining whether or not there is a change in the coloring state of the inspection area L1 based on the captured image. In this example, since a line appears in the inspection area L1 by capturing the labeling substance 53 in the inspection area L1 or by silver amplification after being captured, it is determined whether or not the line appears in the inspection area L1. do.
- the processor 120 displays the test result as "positive” on the monitor 119 via the display control unit 126. Further, when it is determined that there is no change in the coloring state of the inspection region L1, the inspection result is displayed as "negative” on the monitor 119 via the display control unit 126.
- the foam discrimination unit 129 discriminates the presence or absence of bubbles based on the state of foam generation detected by the detection unit 114 . Determination of the presence or absence of bubbles by the foam determination unit 129 is performed after the operation of the second reagent supply mechanism 118 and before the control area determination process. When the foam determination unit 129 determines that there is no foam, the control region determination processing by the coloring state determination unit 123 is executed.
- FIG. 8A and 8B schematically show an example of an observation image 71 cut out from the captured image output by the detection unit 114.
- FIG. An observation image 71 is an image corresponding to an observation area 70 exposed through the observation window 18 of the carrier 2.
- the observation area 70 includes an inspection area L1, a control area L2, and a coloring area L3.
- An observation image 71A shown in FIG. 8A and an observation image 71B shown in FIG. 8B are both observation images 71 of the observation area 70, and differ in whether or not bubbles are generated in the inspection area L1. That is, an observation image 71A shown in FIG. 8A shows a state in which bubbles are generated in the inspection area L1, and an observation image 71B shown in FIG. 8B shows a state in which bubbles are not generated in the inspection area L1.
- the code of the observation image 71 is given a subcode A or B, and when there is no need to distinguish between them, the observation image 71 is simply referred to.
- the state differs between when bubbles are generated in the inspection area L1 and when there are no bubbles, and the difference appears in the observation image 71A and the observation image 71B.
- the observation image 71A with bubbles is different from the observation image 71B without bubbles.
- Determine the presence or absence of bubbles in A method for determining the presence or absence of bubbles will be described later, but in this example, as shown in an observation image 71A shown in FIG. 8A and an observation image 71B shown in FIG. is set, and the presence or absence of bubbles is determined based on the ROI image 72 corresponding to the set attention area ROI.
- the peripheral area of the inspection area L1 is an area where bubbles are generated in the same manner as the inspection area L1 when bubbles are generated in the inspection area L1.
- the peripheral area and the attention area ROI set in the peripheral area are areas in which lines do not appear. Regardless of whether the specimen 50 is positive or negative, the concentration of the region of interest ROI does not change significantly due to factors other than bubbles.
- the presence or absence of bubbles can be easily determined by comparison with the ROI image 72B in the image without bubbles.
- the code of the ROI image 72 is given a subcode of A or B. It is simply called the ROI image 72 .
- the ROI image 72B shown in FIG. 8B is a part of the observation image 71B, which is an image without bubbles, and the ROI image 72B is used as a reference image RI referred to as a comparison standard for determining the presence or absence of bubbles.
- the reference image RI without bubbles is preliminarily stored in the memory 121 as, for example, one of setting information to be described later.
- the memory 121 also stores setting information preset for the processor 120 to perform various controls.
- As the setting information information necessary for the coloring state determination unit 123 to determine a change in the coloring state is recorded. Examples of setting information include a preset first set time t1, a preset second set time t2, a preset third set time t3, a preset fourth set time t4, and a preset time t4.
- the set number of times K, L and the like can be mentioned.
- the first set time t1 is a waiting time until the processor 120 determines again whether or not bubbles are present after judging that bubbles are present.
- the second set time t2 is the allowable time for repeating the determination of the presence or absence of bubbles again when the processor 120 determines that there are bubbles.
- the third set time t3 is a waiting time until the processor 120 determines again whether or not the coloring state of the coloring region L3 has changed after determining that the coloring state of the coloring region L3 has not changed.
- the fourth set time t4 is a preset time from a preset point in time after the cartridge is loaded, and is an allowable time for repeating the presence or absence of the coloring state of the coloring region L3.
- a procedure for immunochromatographic inspection using the inspection apparatus 110 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a first inspection flow will be described in which the user supplies the first reagent 41 and the inspection apparatus 110 supplies the second reagent 46 .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the first inspection flow.
- the user drips the specimen 50 from the drip port 16 of the cartridge 100 onto the spotting area of the carrier 2 (step S11).
- step S12 the user presses the first pressed portion 11 of the cartridge 100 to start supplying the first reagent 41.
- the user loads the cartridge 100 into the loading section 112 of the inspection device 110 that is powered on (step S13).
- the loaded cartridge 100 is inspected (step S14).
- the time required for the first reagent 41 to fully develop the carrier 2 after the start of supply of the first reagent 41 is different for each cartridge, but generally requires about 5 to 10 minutes.
- the time from when the user presses the first pressed portion 11 to when the loading portion 112 is loaded may be determined according to the convenience of the user.
- FIG. 10 shows a detailed inspection flow of inspection execution (step S14) by the inspection device 110 shown in FIG.
- inspection in the inspection device 110 step S14 in FIG. 9 is started.
- n is a parameter for the number of execution times of the determination processing of the coloring region L3.
- the processor 120 determines whether or not the coloring state of the coloring region L3 has changed (specifically, a change from dark green to orange) (step S21). Specifically, the processor 120 illuminates the observation area 70 exposed through the observation window 18 by turning on the light source 115, and causes the detection unit 114 to perform imaging in this state. Then, the processor 120 acquires the captured image from the detection unit 114 and cuts out the observation image 71 of the observation area 70 from the acquired captured image.
- the processor 120 determines a change in the coloring state of the coloring region L3 of the observed image 71 .
- the processor 120 determines a change in the coloring state of the coloring region L3 of the observed image 71 .
- the first reagent 41 is applied to the coloring region L3 and its upstream inspection region. It means that L1 and control area L2 have been reached.
- the processor 120 starts supplying the second reagent 46 by operating the second reagent supply mechanism 118 (step S22).
- the processor 120 causes the second pressed portion 12 of the cartridge 100 to be pressed by the second reagent supply mechanism 118 .
- the second pressed portion 12 is pressed, the second pressed portion 12 is deformed so as to sink toward the second reagent holding portion 45 . Due to this deformation, the sheet member 48 of the second reagent holding portion 45 is pressed against the protrusion 34 and broken, and the second reagent 46 is supplied onto the carrier 2 .
- step S21 if the coloring state of the coloring region L3 has not changed (step S21: No), it is within the fourth set time t4 and the number of times n of determining the change in the coloring state of the coloring region L3 is less than K times ( It is determined whether n ⁇ K) (step S23).
- step S26 the processor 120 notifies an error (step S26) and ends the inspection flow.
- notification of the error is performed by displaying an error message on the monitor 119 .
- the error message may be notified by voice.
- step S24 wait until the third set time t3 elapses (step S24).
- t3 wait The third set time t3 is, for example, about 30 seconds, and the fourth set time t4 is set in advance to, for example, 20 minutes.
- m is a parameter for the number of times the determination process of the bubble presence/absence determination step (step S27) is performed.
- processor 120 determines the presence or absence of bubbles in inspection region L1 (step S28). Specifically, in step S28, the processor 120 causes the detection unit 114 to capture an image of the observation area 70 while the observation area 70 is illuminated, as in step S21. Then, the processor 120 cuts out an observation image 71 corresponding to the observation area 70 from the captured image output by the detection unit 114, and determines the presence or absence of bubbles based on the cut-out observation image 71.
- FIG. When the observation image 71 is determined to have no bubbles like the observation image 71B (see FIG. 8B), the quantitativeness of the coloring state of the inspection region L1 is good, and positive or negative determination is properly performed. means the state of being able to
- step S32 the processor 120 determines changes in the coloring state of the control region L2 from the observation image 71.
- FIG. The processor 120 determines whether or not the coloring density of the control region L2 reaches a density equal to or higher than a preset reference, and if the density is equal to or higher than the reference, it determines that the control region L2 is developed. If it is determined that the control region L2 is expressed, it means that the specimen 50 has reached the control region L2 and the test region L1 upstream thereof.
- step S28 if the observation image 71 is determined to contain bubbles as in the observation image 71A (see FIG. 8A) (step S28: No), it is within the second set time t2 and the presence or absence of bubbles is determined. It is determined whether or not the number of times m is less than L (m ⁇ L) (step S29).
- step S29: No if the second set time t2 is exceeded or m ⁇ L is not true (step S29: No), the processor 120 notifies an error (step S26) and ends the inspection flow.
- step S30 wait until the first set time t1 elapses (step S30).
- t1 wait The first set time t1 is, for example, about 10 seconds, and the second set time t2 is set in advance to, for example, 5 minutes.
- step S32 determines whether the control region L2 is expressed (step S32). if the control region L2 is expressed (step S32: Yes), the processor 120 determines whether the specimen 50 is positive or negative. A main judgment is made (step S33), and the inspection flow ends.
- the processor 120 determines whether the color density of the line-shaped inspection area L1 has reached a density equal to or higher than a preset reference. is expressed. If it is determined that the test region L1 is expressed, it means that the specimen 50 is positive, and if it is determined that the test region L1 is not expressed, it means that the specimen 50 is negative. . In this way, the processor 120 determines whether the specimen 50 is positive or negative depending on the presence or absence of expression in the test region L1 in the main determination.
- the processor 120 that has made the main determination displays the test result as "positive” on the monitor 119 when it determines that there is expression in the test region L1. Also, when it is determined that there is no expression in the inspection region L1, the monitor 119 displays the inspection result as "negative".
- step S32 determines whether or not the control region L2 is expressed in step S32, if the control region L2 is not expressed (step S32: No), an error is reported (step S26) and the inspection flow ends. Note that if the control region L2 does not appear after the second reagent 46 is developed, there is a possibility that the sample 50 has not been spotted.
- the first inspection flow is as described above.
- step S28 for determining the presence or absence of bubbles in the first inspection flow will be described.
- a plurality of flows are conceivable for the flow of step S28.
- FIG. 11 shows a first flow, which is an example of the flow of step S28.
- the processor 120 first obtains the observation image 71 by cutting out the observation image 71 corresponding to the observation area 70 from the captured image output by the detection unit 114 (step S41).
- the processor 120 extracts an ROI image 72 (see FIG. 8) of a region of interest (ROI) from the acquired observation image 71 (step S42).
- the region of interest ROI is a region in which lines in the peripheral region of the inspection region L1 do not appear (see FIG. 8).
- the processor 120 reads out the reference image RI indicating the no-bubble state held in the memory 121 as setting information.
- the reference image RI may be an image stored in the memory 121 in advance, or may be an image of an area in which no lines appear in the image obtained in step S21.
- the processor 120 derives a difference value ⁇ PV, which is the difference in pixel values between the reference image RI and the ROI image 72 extracted at step S42.
- the ROI image 72 and the reference image RI each consist of a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally in a matrix.
- the difference value ⁇ PV is obtained by calculating the difference between the pixel values of the corresponding pixels of the ROI image 72 and the reference image RI, and using the average value of the differences for each pixel.
- step S44 the processor 120 determines whether the difference value ⁇ PV is equal to or less than a preset threshold value A. In step S44, if the difference value ⁇ PV is equal to or less than a preset threshold value A ( ⁇ PV ⁇ A) (step S44: Yes), it is determined that there are no bubbles (step S45), and the foam determination step ends. On the other hand, if the difference value ⁇ PV is greater than the threshold value A ( ⁇ PV>A) (step S44: No), it is determined that there are bubbles (step S46), and the bubble determination step is terminated.
- the region of interest ROI corresponding to the ROI image 72 is, as described above, a region in which lines around the inspection region L1 do not appear.
- the area where no line appears shows the color of the carrier 2 itself, which serves as the background of the inspection area L1 and the like, and the density is substantially uniform if there is no bubble. That is, the pixel values of the pixels included in that region are substantially uniform (see FIG. 8B).
- the pixel values of the pixels included in that area are not uniform, and the existence of bubbles causes shading.
- the pixel values vary, and the average value of the pixel values is the same as that of the image without bubbles such as the ROI image 72B (used as the reference image RI). become smaller in comparison. Therefore, if the difference value ⁇ RI with respect to the reference image RI is equal to or less than the threshold value A, it means that there is no bubble or the bubble does not affect line discrimination.
- the second reagent 46 when the second reagent 46 is supplied to the carrier 2 in the cartridge 100, bubbles may be generated between the channel forming part 35 and the carrier 2, that is, on the inspection area L1. .
- the test area L1 When the specimen 50 is positive, the test area L1 is colored black. However, if bubbles are generated in the test area L1, the visibility of the black color development is significantly reduced by the bubbles. Therefore, if the main determination (see step S33 in FIG. 10) is performed in a state where bubbles are generated in the inspection area L1, there is a case where the negative result is erroneously determined despite the positive result.
- the inspection apparatus 110 of this embodiment determines whether or not there is a change in the coloring state of the inspection area when the processor determines that there is no bubble based on the state of bubble generation detected by the detection unit 114 . Therefore, it is possible to suppress erroneous determination of the presence or absence of a change in the coloring state due to the influence of bubbles, and it is possible to suppress erroneous determination in the main determination of positive or negative.
- the processor 120 determines whether the difference (the difference value ⁇ PV as an example) between the reference image RI without bubbles and the image of the region of interest ROI showing the ROI image 72 as an example is equal to or less than a preset threshold.
- the presence or absence of bubbles is determined based on the above. The presence or absence of bubbles can be determined by a relatively simple method of comparing these images.
- the processor 120 determines the presence or absence of bubbles based on the difference between the reference image RI and the ROI image 72, but derives the ratio between the reference image RI and the ROI image 72. , the presence or absence of bubbles may be determined based on whether or not the ratio is equal to or less than a preset threshold value. It should be noted that preset thresholds are different between the case of using the difference and the case of using the ratio.
- the processor 120 determines that bubbles are present in the foam determination step, the presence or absence of bubbles is determined again after the first set time t1 has elapsed after the determination. As a result, reliable inspection can be performed even when the time from the generation of bubbles to the disappearance of bubbles varies due to individual differences in cartridges.
- the processor 120 may perform the determination even after a preset second set time t2 has elapsed from a preset point in time after the cartridge 100 is loaded, or after repeating the determination a preset number of times. Also, if it is determined that there are bubbles, an error is reported. As a result, if the bubbles do not disappear after the second set time t2 has elapsed or after repeating the determination a preset number of times, an error is reported, so that an erroneous detection due to a malfunction of the inspection device 110 can be performed. It is possible to prevent the device from being occupied indefinitely when a
- the preset time to start counting the second set time t2 is appropriately determined, such as when the supply of the second reagent 46 is started, or when the determination of the presence or absence of bubbles a preset number of times is completed. Also, the preset number of times L may be appropriately set to 2 or more.
- step S28 when it is determined that bubbles are present by determining the presence or absence of bubbles (step S28: No), the number of times m of determining the presence or absence of bubbles is within the second set time t2. It is determined whether or not it is less than L times (m ⁇ L) (step S29). Then, if it is within the second set time t2 and m ⁇ L, determination of the presence or absence of bubbles is repeated, and if the second set time t2 is exceeded or m becomes L, an error is notified ( Step S26). However, in step S29, only one condition of being within the second set time t2 and m ⁇ L may be determined.
- step S29 it is determined only whether it is within the second set time t2. An error notification may be made (step S26). Further, in step S29, it is determined only whether m ⁇ L, and if m ⁇ L, the determination of the presence or absence of bubbles (step S28) is repeated, and if m becomes L times, an error is notified (step S26) You may do so.
- the processor 120 determines that there is no change in the coloring state of the coloring region L3, after the predetermined third set time t3 has elapsed after the determination, the coloring state is again checked. Determines whether or not there is a change in As a result, even if the development time required for the first reagent 41 to reach the coloring region L3 varies due to individual differences in the cartridges 100, reliable inspection can be performed according to the development state of each cartridge 100. .
- the processor 120 continues to perform the inspection even after the preset fourth set time t4 has elapsed from the preset point in time after the cartridge 100 is loaded, or after the preset number of times. If the coloring state of the coloring region L3 does not change even after the determination is repeated, an error is reported. As a result, if the coloring state does not change even after the fourth set time has elapsed or after repeating the discrimination a preset number of times, an error is reported, so that the development failure of the first reagent 41, or It is possible to prevent the cartridge 100 from occupying the apparatus indefinitely when it is not deployed.
- the preset point in time to start counting the fourth set time t4 may be the time when the cartridge is loaded or the point in time when the determination of the preset number of times is completed. Also, the preset number of times K may be appropriately set to 2 or more.
- step S23 only one of the conditions of being within the fourth set time t4 and n ⁇ K may be determined. That is, in step S23, it is determined only whether it is within the fourth set time t4. If the set time t4 is exceeded, an error may be notified (step S26). In step S23, it is determined only whether or not n ⁇ K. For example, an error notification may be made (step S26).
- the detection unit 114 detects the coloring states of all of the inspection area L1, the control area L2, and the coloring area L3, and also detects the generation of bubbles in the inspection area L1 due to the supply of the reagent.
- a detection unit (first detection unit) for detecting a coloring state and a detection unit (second detection unit) for detecting a bubble generation state may be separately provided.
- the configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the detection units are provided separately.
- space can be saved.
- the detection unit that detects the state of bubble generation is not limited to an imaging unit that captures an image, such as an image sensor, and may be a photodetector capable of detecting the amount of light. Since the amount of reflected light varies depending on the state of bubble formation, the state of bubble formation may be detected by detecting changes in the amount of light with a photodetector.
- the second reagent supply mechanism 118 exemplifies an actuator such as a solenoid, but depending on the configuration of the second reagent holding portion in the cartridge 100, the supply of the second reagent 46 from the second reagent holding portion 45 is started. Any mechanism may be used as long as it allows the For example, if the second reagent holding unit 45 has a shutter that starts supplying the second reagent 46 by opening the shutter, the second reagent supply mechanism 118 is a mechanism for opening the shutter. good. The same applies to the first reagent supply mechanism 116 as well.
- the first reagent 41 is the first amplification liquid and the second reagent 46 is the second amplification liquid, but the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are not limited to this combination.
- a combination in which the first reagent 41 is the developing solution and the second reagent 46 is the washing solution, or a combination in which the first reagent 41 is the developing solution or the washing solution, and the second reagent 46 is the amplifying solution may be used. .
- the second reagent 46 is an amplifying agent that amplifies color development.
- the second reagent 46 is an amplifying agent that amplifies the color development of the inspection region L1
- the color development of the inspection region L1 is amplified, so that the determination accuracy can be improved.
- the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are amplifying solutions that amplify the coloring of the inspection region L1.
- the first reagent 41 and the second reagent 46 are amplifying agents that amplify the color development of the inspection region L1
- the color development of the inspection region L1 is amplified, so that the determination accuracy can be improved.
- the step S28 (see FIG. 10) of determining the presence or absence of bubbles is not limited to the above first flow.
- FIG. 12 shows a second flow that is another example of the step S28.
- the processor 120 obtains an observation image 71 by causing the detection unit 114 to image the observation area 70 while the observation area 70 is illuminated by the light source 115 (step S51). ).
- the processor 120 extracts an ROI image 72 (see FIG. 8) corresponding to the region of interest ROI from the acquired observation image 71 (step S52).
- the region of interest ROI is a region where lines in the peripheral region of the inspection region L1 do not appear, as in the first flow.
- step S ⁇ b>53 the processor 120 derives the standard deviation ⁇ of the pixel values of the ROI image 72 from each pixel value of the ROI image 72 . If the derived standard deviation ⁇ is equal to or less than a preset threshold value B (that is, ⁇ B) (step S54: Yes), the processor 120 determines that there is no foam (step S55), and performs the foam determination step. finish. On the other hand, when the standard deviation ⁇ is larger than the threshold value B ( ⁇ >B) (step S54: No), it is determined that there are bubbles (step S56), and the foam determination step ends.
- a preset threshold value B that is, ⁇ B
- the region of interest ROI is, for example, a region in which lines around the inspection region L1 do not appear. Since the area where no line appears shows the color of the carrier 2 itself, the density is substantially uniform if there is no bubble. That is, since the pixel values of the pixels included in that region are substantially uniform, the standard deviation ⁇ is small. On the other hand, when bubbles are generated in the inspection area L1, there are also bubbles in the surrounding area. Therefore, the pixel values of the pixels included in that area are not uniform, and the existence of bubbles causes shading. Since an image with bubbles has gradation, the pixel values vary and the standard deviation ⁇ increases. That is, if the standard deviation ⁇ is equal to or less than the threshold value B, it means that there is no bubble or that the bubble does not affect line discrimination.
- the processor 120 derives the standard deviation ⁇ of the pixel values of the acquired image of the region of interest ROI (ROI image 72 as an example), and calculates the standard deviation When ⁇ is equal to or less than the threshold value B, it is determined that there is no bubble. Therefore, unlike the first flow, it is possible to determine whether or not bubbles are generated without comparing with an image without bubbles such as the reference image RI.
- FIG. 13 is an inspection flow of a modified example in which the first inspection flow in the inspection apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 10 is partially changed.
- the same steps as those in the first inspection flow of FIG. 10 are denoted by the same step symbols, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.
- step S22 of operating the second reagent supply mechanism 118 to supply the second reagent 46 it is confirmed that bubbles have disappeared (step S28A). After confirming that the bubbles have disappeared, it is determined whether or not the linear control region L2 is developed (step S32). Other steps are the same as the inspection flow shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the processing flow in step S28A for confirming that bubbles have disappeared.
- the processor 120 acquires an observation image 71(ta) obtained by imaging the observation area 70 at time ta through the detection unit 114 (step S61). Then, an ROI image 72(ta) of the region of interest ROI is extracted from the observed image 71(ta) (step S62). Further, the processor 120 acquires an observation image 71(tb) obtained by imaging the same observation area 70 at time tb (step S63), and extracts an ROI image 72(tb) of the attention area ROI from the observation image 71(tb). (Step S64).
- the region of interest ROI is, for example, a peripheral region of the inspection region L1 in the same manner as described above, and is a region in which lines do not appear.
- the processor 120 derives a pixel value difference value ⁇ PVT between the ROI image 72 (ta) extracted from the observed image 71 (ta) and the ROI image 72 (tb) extracted from the observed image 71 (tb) (step S65). Then, it is determined whether or not the difference value ⁇ PVT is equal to or less than a preset threshold value C (step S66).
- step S66 If the difference ⁇ PVT is greater than the threshold value C (step S66: No), the ROI image 72(tb) is set as a new ROI image 72(ta) (step S68), and the process proceeds to step S63 to obtain a new observation image 71(tb). Returning, steps S63 to S66 are repeated until bubbles disappear.
- the amount of bubbles present in the inspection area L1 gradually decreases as time passes from the initial state in which the bubbles are generated, by moving or disappearing.
- the amount of reduction in the number of bubbles per unit time is large, and as time passes, the amount of reduction in the number of bubbles per unit time decreases, and eventually, the color development state of the inspection area L1.
- the amount of foam is reduced to the extent that it does not affect the main judgment for detecting changes in That is, the rate of decrease of bubbles is large at the beginning of the decrease, gradually decreases, and when the rate of decrease falls below a certain level, the amount of bubbles decreases to the extent that the main judgment is not affected.
- the difference value ⁇ PVT means the amount of decrease in bubbles per unit time, and when the difference value ⁇ PVT is larger than the threshold C, it means that the amount of decrease in bubbles due to movement or disappearance of the bubbles is large. A large amount of reduction in bubbles means that the state of large reduction in bubbles continues, and that a certain amount of bubbles still exist in the inspection region L1. On the other hand, when the difference value ⁇ PVT is equal to or less than the threshold value C, it means that the change in the amount of foam due to movement or disappearance of the foam is small, and the amount of foam is reduced to the extent that the main judgment is not affected.
- step S66 If the difference value ⁇ PVT is equal to or less than the preset threshold value C (step S66: Yes), the processor 120 determines that there are no bubbles (step S67), and ends step S28A for confirming that the bubbles are gone. do.
- the processor 120 acquires two or more observation images with a time difference via the detection unit 114, and calculates the difference in pixel values of the two or more images of the region of interest ROI (the ROI image 72 as an example). If the difference is equal to or less than a preset threshold value, it is determined that there is no bubble. It can be determined by a simple method of comparing images.
- the processor 120 determines the presence or absence of bubbles based on whether the difference between the pixel values of the two ROI images 72 is equal to or less than a preset threshold.
- the processor 120 may derive the ratio of the pixel values of the two ROI images 72 and determine the presence or absence of bubbles based on whether the ratio is equal to or less than a preset threshold. It should be noted that preset thresholds are different between the case of using the difference and the case of using the ratio.
- the inspection apparatus 110 can also select the second inspection flow and the third inspection flow.
- the cartridge 100 is loaded into the loading section 112 of the inspection device 110 without supplying the first reagent 41 .
- the processor 120 first operates the first reagent supply mechanism 116 to supply the first reagent 41 to the carrier 2 . Subsequent processing is the same as that of the first inspection flow.
- the user spots the sample 50, supplies the first reagent 41, and after a predetermined time has elapsed, the user supplies the second reagent 46, and then the cartridge 100 is placed in the loading section of the inspection apparatus 110. 112 is loaded.
- the processor 120 performs a step of determining the presence or absence of bubbles or a confirmation step of confirming that the bubbles are gone. Subsequent processing is the same as that of the first inspection flow.
- the processor 120 further includes a detection unit control unit 122 as its internal configuration, a coloring state determination unit 123, a first reagent supply mechanism control unit 124, a second reagent supply mechanism control unit 125, a display control unit 126, and a bubble control unit.
- a detection unit control unit 122 as its internal configuration
- a coloring state determination unit 123 As the hardware structure of the processing unit (processing unit) that executes various processes such as the determination unit 129, the following various processors can be used.
- the various processors include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) whose circuit configuration can be changed after manufacturing.
- Programmable Logic Device PLD
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- One processing unit may be configured with one of these various processors, or a combination of two or more processors of the same or different type (for example, a combination of a plurality of FPGAs and/or a CPU and combination with FPGA). Also, a plurality of processing units may be configured by one processor.
- one processor is configured by combining one or more CPUs and software, and this processor functions as a plurality of processing units.
- SoC System On Chip
- the various processing units are configured using one or more of the above various processors as a hardware structure.
- an electric circuit combining circuit elements such as semiconductor elements can be used.
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Abstract
Description
検査領域の発色状態を検知する第1検知部と、
試薬の供給に起因して検査領域に生じる泡の発生状態を検知する第2検知部と、
第1検知部によって検知された発色状態に基づいて、発色状態の変化の有無を判別するプロセッサであって、第2検知部によって検知された泡の発生状態に基づいて泡が無いと判別した場合に、発色状態の変化の有無を判別するプロセッサと、を備える。
第1試薬41としての還元剤としては、第2試薬46として用いる銀イオンを銀に還元することができるものであれば、無機・有機のいかなる材料、またはその混合物でも用いることができる。無機還元剤としては、Fe2+、V2+あるいはTi3+などの金属イオンで原子価の変化し得る還元性金属塩、還元性金属錯塩を好ましく挙げることができる。無機還元剤を用いる際には、酸化されたイオンを錯形成するか還元して、除去するか無害化する必要がある。例えば、Fe2+を還元剤として用いる系では、クエン酸やEDTA(エチレンジアミン四酢酸)を用いて酸化物であるFe3+の錯体を形成し、無害化することができる。本系ではこのような無機還元剤を用いることが好ましく、より好ましくはFe2+の金属塩が好ましい。
第2試薬46として用いられる銀イオンを含む溶液としては、溶媒中に銀イオン含有化合物が溶解されているものが好ましい。銀イオン含有化合物としては有機銀塩、無機銀塩、もしくは銀錯体を用いることができる。好ましくは、無機銀塩もしくは銀錯体である。無機銀塩としては、水などの溶媒に対して溶解度の高い銀イオン含有化合物を使用することが可能であり、硝酸銀、酢酸銀、乳酸銀、酪酸銀、チオ硫酸銀などが挙げられる。特に好ましくは硝酸銀である。銀錯体としては、水酸基やスルホン基など水溶性基を有する配位子に配位された銀錯体が好ましく、ヒドロキシチオエーテル銀などが挙げられる。
図5を参照して、イムノクロマトグラフ法について説明する。ここでは、検体50が被検物質51を含む場合について、つまり、検体50が陽性であることを前提として説明する。
図6及び図7に示すように、検査装置110は、内部機構として、第1試薬供給機構116と、第2試薬供給機構118とを備えている。第1試薬供給機構116は、第1試薬保持部40から担体2に対して第1試薬41の供給を開始させるための機構である。第1試薬供給機構116は、例えば電磁石と電磁石に対して移動可能なプランジャとを備えたソレノイドなどのアクチュエータが使用される。例えば、プランジャが移動することにより、プランジャが第1被押圧部11と当接して第1被押圧部11を押圧する。第1試薬供給機構116は、装填されたカートリッジ100の第1被押圧部11と対向する位置に配置されている。
図9は第1検査フローを示す図である。
まず、ユーザが、カートリッジ100の滴下口16から検体50を担体2の点着領域に滴下する(工程S11)。
検査装置110内にカートリッジ100が装填されることにより、検査装置110における検査(図9の工程S14)が開始される。
なお、第1検査フローの泡の有無を判別する工程S28に代えて、図13に示すように、泡の発生状態の経時変化を検出して、泡が無くなったことを確認する工程S28Aを備えてもよい。図13は、図10に示した検査装置110における第1検査フローを一部変更した変形例の検査フローである。図13においては、図10の第1検査フローと同一の工程には同一の工程符号を付して、詳細な説明を省略する。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (10)
- イムノクロマトグラフ検査装置であって、
検体が点着される点着領域と、前記検体が陽性か陰性かに応じて発色状態が変化する検査領域とを有する担体を備え、かつ、前記担体に試薬が供給されるカートリッジが、着脱可能に装填される装填部と、
前記検査領域の発色状態を検知する第1検知部と、
前記試薬の供給に起因して前記検査領域に生じる泡の発生状態を検知する第2検知部と、
前記第1検知部によって検知された前記発色状態に基づいて、前記発色状態の変化の有無を判別するプロセッサであって、前記第2検知部によって検知された泡の発生状態に基づいて前記泡が無いと判別した場合に、前記発色状態の変化の有無を判別するプロセッサと、を備えたイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。 - 前記第2検知部は、前記検査領域と前記検査領域の周辺領域とを含む観察領域を撮像することにより、前記観察領域を含む観察画像を出力するイメージセンサである、請求項1に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記観察領域内の注目領域の画像の画素値の標準偏差を求め、前記標準偏差が予め設定された閾値以下である場合、前記泡が無いと判別する、請求項2に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、泡無し状態の参照画像と、前記観察領域内の注目領域の画像との画素値の差分又は比を導出し、前記差分又は比が予め設定された閾値以下である場合に、前記泡が無いと判別する、請求項2に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記泡が有ると判別した場合は、予め設定された第1設定時間経過後に、再度、前記泡の有無を判別する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記カートリッジが装填された後の予め設定された時点から予め設定された第2設定時間が経過した後においても、前記泡が有る、と判別した場合は、エラーを報知する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記第2検知部から時間差のある2枚以上の前記観察画像を取得し、前記2枚以上の前記観察画像における前記観察領域内の注目領域の画像の画素値の差分又は比を導出し、前記差分又は比が予め設定された閾値以下となった場合に、前記泡が無いと判別する、請求項2に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記第1検知部は、前記検査領域とその周辺領域を含む観察領域を撮像する撮像部であり、前記第1検知部と前記第2検知部は兼用される、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記カートリッジは、前記担体を覆うカバー部材を備え、前記カバー部材内において、前記検査領域における前記担体の表面と前記カバー部材との間に試薬が供給される0.01~1mmの隙間を有しており、前記試薬は前記隙間を流路として前記検査領域に展開される、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
- 前記カートリッジは、前記担体に供給される第1試薬を保持する第1試薬保持部と、前記第1試薬が前記担体に供給された後に前記担体に供給される第2試薬を保持する第2試薬保持部とを備え、
前記泡の発生原因である前記試薬は前記第2試薬であり、
前記プロセッサは、前記第2試薬が前記担体に供給された後に前記泡の有無を判別する、請求項1から9のうちのいずれか1項に記載のイムノクロマトグラフ検査装置。
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