WO2022201932A1 - タービン、及びガスタービン - Google Patents
タービン、及びガスタービン Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022201932A1 WO2022201932A1 PCT/JP2022/005097 JP2022005097W WO2022201932A1 WO 2022201932 A1 WO2022201932 A1 WO 2022201932A1 JP 2022005097 W JP2022005097 W JP 2022005097W WO 2022201932 A1 WO2022201932 A1 WO 2022201932A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- turbine
- inclined surface
- axial direction
- rotor blade
- Prior art date
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
- F01D5/142—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form of the blades of successive rotor or stator blade-rows
- F01D5/143—Contour of the outer or inner working fluid flow path wall, i.e. shroud or hub contour
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
- F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
Definitions
- a gas turbine consists of a compressor that generates compressed air, a combustor that mixes and burns fuel in the compressed air to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, a turbine that is driven by the combustion gas, and exhaust gas from the turbine. and a tubular diffuser that guides the As exemplified in Patent Document 1 below, the diffuser forms an exhaust flow path between an inner cylinder extending along the axis of the gas turbine and the inner cylinder by being provided on the outer peripheral side of the inner cylinder. It has an outer cylinder and struts connecting the inner and outer cylinders.
- the diameter of the outer cylinder gradually increases toward the downstream side. That is, the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder is inclined with respect to the axis in a cross-sectional view including the axis. As a result, the flow of exhaust gas from the turbine is decelerated halfway through the diffuser to restore static pressure.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a turbine and a gas turbine in which performance is further improved by reducing pressure loss.
- a turbine according to the present disclosure includes a turbine rotor that extends along an axis and is rotatable around the axis, a turbine casing that covers the turbine rotor from the outer peripheral side, and an outer peripheral surface of the turbine rotor.
- the plurality of turbine rotor blades a plurality of turbine rotor blades arranged in the circumferential direction of the axis above, and a plurality of turbine rotor blade rows arranged in the axial direction; a plurality of rows of turbine stator vanes arranged in the axial direction so as to be adjacent to each other on one side in the axial direction and arranged in the circumferential direction; and the plurality of turbine rotor blades a diffuser that is provided on the other side in the axial direction of the row of final stage rotor blades that is the farthest in the other side in the axial direction among the rows, and that forms an exhaust flow path through which exhaust gas flows from one side to the other side in the axial direction; , wherein the diffuser includes an inner cylinder extending along the axis, an outer cylinder covering the inner cylinder from an outer peripheral side and forming the exhaust flow path between the inner cylinder and the exhaust flow path.
- a first inclined surface extending radially outward from the inside toward the other side from the inlet of the flow channel is provided, and the first inclined surface is positioned with respect to the axis in a cross-sectional view including the axis.
- An angle of 16° or more and 24° or less, and in the turbine rotor blades of the last stage rotor blade cascade, the throat width at the radially outer end with respect to the axis is set larger than the throat width at the intermediate part in the radial direction.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of a gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a final stage rotor blade cascade according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a radial view of the final stage rotor blade cascade according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, and is an explanatory diagram showing the throat width and the outflow angle at the tip-side end and the hub-side end.
- 4 is a view of the final stage rotor blade cascade according to the embodiment of the present disclosure as seen from the radial direction, and is an explanatory diagram showing the throat width and the outflow angle at the intermediate portion; 4 is a graph showing the rotor blade relative outflow angle in the height direction of the final stage rotor blade cascade. 4 is a graph showing the outlet absolute total pressure of the final stage rotor blade cascade in the height direction of the last stage rotor blade cascade.
- FIG. 1 A gas turbine 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 20, a combustor 30, a turbine 40, and a diffuser 60.
- the compressor 20 compresses the air A taken in from the outside to generate high-pressure compressed air.
- the combustor 30 mixes and combusts the fuel F with the compressed air to generate a high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas G.
- Turbine 40 is rotationally driven by combustion gas G. As shown in FIG.
- the compressor 20 has a compressor rotor 21 , a compressor casing 25 and a plurality of compressor stator blade rows 26 .
- the compressor rotor 21 has a compressor rotating shaft 22 and a plurality of compressor rotor blade rows 23 .
- the compressor rotating shaft 22 extends along the axis Ac and is rotatable around the axis Ac.
- a plurality of compressor rotor blade rows 23 are arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the compressor rotating shaft 22 at intervals in the direction of the axis Ac.
- each compressor rotor blade row 23 has a plurality of compressor rotor blades arranged in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the compressor rotating shaft 22 .
- the compressor casing 25 has a cylindrical shape that covers the compressor rotor 21 from the outer peripheral side.
- a plurality of compressor stator vane rows 26 arranged in the direction of the axis Ac are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the compressor rotor 21 .
- the compressor rotor blade rows 23 and the compressor stator blade rows 26 are alternately arranged in the direction of the axis Ac. More specifically, one compressor stator blade row 26 is provided on one side of one compressor rotor blade row 23 in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the intermediate casing 16 is connected to the other side of the compressor casing 25 in the direction of the axis Ac.
- a combustor 30 is arranged in this intermediate casing 16 .
- the turbine 40 has a turbine rotor 41 , a turbine casing 45 and a plurality of turbine stator vane rows 46 .
- the turbine rotor 41 has a turbine rotating shaft 42 and a plurality of turbine rotor blade rows 43 .
- the turbine rotating shaft 42 extends along the axis Ac and is rotatable around the axis Ac.
- a plurality of turbine rotor blade rows 43 are arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the turbine rotating shaft 42 at intervals in the direction of the axis Ac.
- each turbine rotor blade row 43 has a plurality of turbine rotor blades arranged in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface of the turbine rotating shaft 42 .
- the turbine rotor blade row 43 on the othermost side in the axis Ac direction is a final stage rotor blade row 43A.
- the turbine rotor blades included in the final stage rotor blade row 43A are referred to as the final stage rotor blade row 50 .
- the compressor rotor 21 and the turbine rotor 41 described above form the gas turbine rotor 11 by being coaxially connected along the axis Ac.
- the compressor casing 25 , the intermediate casing 16 and the turbine casing 45 are coaxially connected along the axis Ac to form the gas turbine casing 15 .
- the gas turbine rotor 11 is integrally rotatable around the axis Ac inside the gas turbine casing 15 .
- the side on which the compressor 20 is located when viewed from the turbine 40 that is, one side in the direction of the axis line Ac
- the opposite side that is, the other side in the direction of the axis line Ac
- the diffuser 60 is provided to reduce the flow velocity of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the turbine 40 to recover the static pressure.
- the diffuser 60 is connected downstream of the turbine casing 45 .
- the diffuser 60 has an inner cylinder 62 , an outer cylinder 61 , a plurality of struts 63 and a plurality of manholes 64 .
- the inner cylinder 62 extends along the axis Ac.
- a bearing device 80 (described later) for rotatably supporting the gas turbine rotor 11 is housed inside the inner cylinder 62 .
- the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 62 is constant from the upstream side to the downstream side. It is also possible to employ a configuration in which the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 62 gradually decreases from the upstream side toward the downstream side.
- the outer cylinder 61 has a tubular shape that covers the inner cylinder 62 from the outer peripheral side.
- a space between the outer cylinder 61 and the inner cylinder 62 serves as an exhaust passage E through which the exhaust discharged from the turbine 40 flows.
- the inner diameter of the outer cylinder 61 gradually increases from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Therefore, the flow channel cross-sectional area of the exhaust flow channel E gradually expands toward the downstream side.
- the outer cylinder 61 and the inner cylinder 62 are radially connected by struts 63 . That is, the struts 63 support the outer cylinder 61 with respect to the inner cylinder 62 from the radially inner side.
- the strut 63 is provided at an intermediate position of the exhaust flow path E in the direction of the axis Ac. A detailed arrangement of the struts 63 will be described later.
- a plurality of struts 63 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. Each strut 63 extends radially between the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 61 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 62 .
- the strut 63 preferably has a streamlined cross-sectional shape extending from the upstream side to the downstream side when viewed in the radial direction.
- Manholes 64 are provided downstream of the struts 63 at intervals in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the manhole 64 extends radially between the outer cylinder 61 and the inner cylinder 62 .
- a plurality of manholes 64 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- Various pipes and wiring are housed inside the manhole 64 .
- the final stage rotor blade cascade 50 has a disk 70 and a rotor blade main body 50H. Disk 70 is attached to turbine rotating shaft 42 .
- the disc 70 has a disc shape centered on the axis Ac.
- a rotor blade main body 50H is provided on the outer peripheral surface 70A of the disk 70 .
- the rotor blade main body 50H extends radially outward from the outer peripheral surface 70A.
- the rotor blade main body 50H has an airfoil cross-sectional shape when viewed from the radial direction.
- the edge of the moving blade body 50H facing the upstream side is the leading edge 50A.
- the edge of the moving blade body 50H facing the downstream side is the trailing edge 50B.
- the end face facing radially outward of the moving blade main body 50H is a tip end face 50C.
- the tip-side end surface 50C extends from the radially inner side to the outer side as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side. That is, the chip-side end surface 50C is inclined at an angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the axis Ac in a cross-sectional view including the axis Ac.
- This angle ⁇ 1 is appropriately set within a range of 20° or more and 25° or less.
- the tip-side end surface 50C faces the inner peripheral surface 45A of the turbine casing 45 with a gap in the radial direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 45A has an inner diameter that gradually increases from the upstream side toward the downstream side.
- the radially inner end of the moving blade main body 50H serves as a hub-side end surface 50D.
- the hub-side end surface 50D is in contact with the outer peripheral surface 70A of the disk 70.
- a blade root having serration-like unevenness is formed radially inward of the hub-side end surface 50D.
- the disk 70 is formed with grooves corresponding to the uneven shape. The uneven shape formed on the blade root and the inner surface of the groove are engaged to support the moving blade main body 50H so as not to fall off.
- the inner cylinder 62 of the diffuser 60 covers the shaft end of the turbine rotating shaft 42 from the outer peripheral side.
- a bearing device 80 is provided inside the inner cylinder 62 .
- the bearing device 80 rotatably supports the turbine rotating shaft 42 .
- a specific example of the bearing device 80 provided at this position is a journal bearing.
- the journal bearings support radial loads from the turbine rotating shaft 42 .
- a surface of the inner cylinder 62 facing the outer peripheral side is an outer peripheral surface 62A.
- the outer peripheral surface 62A is located at the same radial position as the outer peripheral surface 70A of the disk 70 described above. It should be noted that the term "same" as used herein means substantially the same, and design tolerances and manufacturing errors are allowed.
- the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 61 is formed by a first inclined surface 61A and a second inclined surface 61B.
- the first inclined surface 61A is connected to the downstream side of the inner peripheral surface 45A of the turbine casing 45 .
- the first inclined surface 61A extends radially outward from the inner side as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side. That is, the first inclined surface 61A is inclined at an angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the axis Ac in a cross-sectional view including the axis Ac. This angle ⁇ 2 is appropriately determined within the range of 16° or more and 24° or less.
- the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the tip-side end face 50C of the blade body 50H with respect to the axis Ac and the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac is 0° or more and 5° or less. range.
- the second inclined surface 61B continues downstream of the first inclined surface 61A. Like the first inclined surface 61A, the second inclined surface 61B extends from the radially inner side to the outer side as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side. That is, the second inclined surface 61B is inclined with respect to the axis Ac.
- the angle formed by the second inclined surface 61B with respect to the axis Ac is smaller than the angle ⁇ 2 formed with the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac. More specifically, this angle is preferably about 8°.
- the upstream edge of the strut 63 described above is a strut leading edge 63A, and the downstream edge is a strut trailing edge 63B.
- the strut leading edge 63A is positioned on the first inclined surface 61A.
- the strut trailing edge 63B is located on the second inclined surface 61B. That is, the strut 63 is arranged across the first inclined surface 61A and the second inclined surface 61B in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the cross-sectional area (cross-sectional area seen from the direction of the axis Ac) of the exhaust flow path E at the inlet (upstream end) of the diffuser 60 is S1.
- the cross-sectional area (cross-sectional area seen from the direction of the axis Ac) of the exhaust passage E at the strut front edge 63A is S2. That is, the cross-sectional areas S1 and S2 refer to areas of annular regions surrounded by the outer peripheral surface 62A of the inner cylinder 62 and the inner peripheral surface (the first inclined surface 61A) of the outer cylinder 61 .
- the ratio (area ratio) between the cross-sectional area S1 and the cross-sectional area S2 is preferably in the range of 1.25 or more and 1.40 or less. More desirably, this area ratio is in the range of 1.28 or more and 1.37 or less. Most preferably, this area ratio is 1.30. In realizing the ratio of the cross-sectional areas described above, it is not necessary to consider the reduction in area due to the fillet portion formed in the mounting portion of the strut 63 .
- the rotor blade main body 50H has an airfoil cross-sectional shape when viewed from the radial direction. That is, the rotor blade main body 50H is curved to one side in the circumferential direction from the leading edge 50A toward the trailing edge 50B.
- a surface of the moving blade main body 50H facing one side in the circumferential direction is a pressure surface 50P.
- the pressure surface 50P is curved and recessed toward the other side in the circumferential direction.
- a surface of the rotor blade main body 50H facing the other side in the circumferential direction (that is, a surface facing forward in the rotational direction of the turbine rotating shaft 42) is a suction surface 50N.
- the negative pressure surface 50N is curved and convex toward the other side in the circumferential direction.
- the tip-side end surface 50C and the hub-side end surface 50D differ in cross-sectional shape from the intermediate position (intermediate portion 50M) in the radial direction.
- the throat width at the tip end face 50C and the hub end face 50D is defined as A1.
- ⁇ 3 be the outflow angle at the tip-side end surface 50C and the hub-side end surface 50D.
- the width of the throat at the intermediate portion 50M is assumed to be A2.
- ⁇ 4 be the outflow angle at the intermediate portion 50M.
- the throat width A1 at the tip-side end surface 50C and the hub-side end surface 50D is set larger than the throat width A2 at the intermediate portion 50M.
- the throat width referred to here refers to the width of the passage at the position (throat position) where the separation distance between the pair of rotor blade main bodies 50H adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction is the smallest.
- the throat width gradually decreases from the tip-side end surface 50C toward the intermediate portion 50M, and gradually increases from the intermediate portion 50M toward the hub-side end surface 50D.
- the outflow angle ⁇ 3 at the tip-side end surface 50C and the hub-side end surface 50D is set smaller than the outflow angle ⁇ 4 at the intermediate portion 50M.
- the outflow angle referred to here refers to the angle formed by the flow that has passed between a pair of rotor blade bodies 50H adjacent to each other with respect to the axis Ac.
- the outflow angle gradually increases from the tip-side end surface 50C toward the intermediate portion 50M, and gradually decreases from the intermediate portion 50M toward the hub-side end surface 50D.
- the conventional rotor blade was set so that the outflow angle gradually decreased from the tip side to the hub side.
- the outflow angle gradually increases from the tip side toward the hub side and then gradually decreases toward the hub side. is set.
- the tip side and the hub side have smaller outflow angles than the intermediate portion 50M. That is, the tip side and the hub side have a larger throat width than the intermediate portion 50M.
- Compressed air is directed to a combustor 30 located downstream of the compressor 20 .
- combustion gas G is generated by mixing fuel F with this compressed air and burning it.
- Combustion gas G is led to turbine 40 located downstream of combustor 30 .
- the combustion gas G contacts the turbine stationary blade row 46 and the turbine rotor blade row 43 .
- the turbine stator blade row 46 changes the flow direction of the combustion gas G to optimize the inflow angle to the turbine rotor blade row 43 on the downstream side.
- the combustion gas G gives rotational energy to the turbine rotor 41 via the turbine rotor blade rows 43 when flowing around the turbine rotor blade rows 43 . This causes the gas turbine rotor 11 to rotate about the axis Ac.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 40 recovers static pressure while flowing through the diffuser 60, and is then led to other external equipment (not shown).
- this embodiment adopts the configuration described above.
- the angle formed by the first inclined surface 61A of the outer cylinder 61 with respect to the axis Ac is 16° or more and 24° or less, which is larger than that of the conventional diffuser. This makes it possible to further reduce the flow velocity of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage E in the region upstream of the strut 63 . As a result, the flow of exhaust gas flowing around the struts 63 is less likely to be affected by the struts 63 . That is, the pressure loss due to the struts 63 can be further suppressed.
- the throat width A1 at the radially outer end (tip side) is larger than the throat width A2 at the intermediate portion 50M. This results in a higher total pressure at the radially outer end. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of flow separation occurring on the first inclined surface 61A.
- the tip side has a wider throat width than the intermediate portion 50M, the amount of power obtained from the combustion gas of the final stage rotor blade cascade 50 decreases on the tip side.
- the outflow angle on the intermediate portion 50M side is large (that is, the throat width is small)
- the amount of power obtained from the combustion gas increases at the intermediate portion 50M.
- the flow of the exhaust gas tends to separate.
- the static pressure recovery amount in the diffuser 60 may become small.
- the total exhaust pressure at the inlet of the diffuser 60 is higher on the tip side than on the intermediate portion 50M of the rotor blade main body 50H. Therefore, it is possible to make the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac larger than in the conventional case. As a result, the flow of the exhaust gas is less likely to separate in the vicinity of the wall surfaces of the outer cylinder 61 and the inner cylinder 62 . As a result, it becomes possible to further increase the static pressure recovery amount in the diffuser 60 .
- the throat width A1 at the radially inner (hub side) end is larger than the throat width A2 at the intermediate portion 50M. This increases the total pressure on the hub side as well as on the tip side. Therefore, the possibility of flow separation occurring on the outer peripheral surface 62A of the inner cylinder 62 can be reduced. As a result, the static pressure recovery amount in the diffuser 60 is further increased, and the performance of the gas turbine 10 can be further improved.
- the flow channel cross-sectional area (cross-sectional area S1) of the diffuser at the upstream end edge (strut leading edge 63A) of the strut 63 and the flow channel cross-sectional area (cross-sectional area S2) at the inlet of the diffuser 60 is set to 1.28 or more and 1.37 or less, which is larger than that of a conventional gas turbine. This makes it possible to further reduce the flow velocity of the exhaust gas in the region on the upstream side of the strut 63 .
- the tip-side end face 50C extends radially outward from the upstream side to the downstream side when viewed in the circumferential direction.
- the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the tip-side end surface 50C with respect to the axis Ac is set larger than the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac.
- a flow component of the exhaust gas directed radially outward along the tip-side end surface 50C is guided by the first inclined surface 61A located on the downstream side.
- the flow component is directed toward the first inclined surface 61A from the radially inner side. It adheres so that it can be pressed. As a result, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of flow separation on the first inclined surface 61A. This makes it possible to avoid the generation of vortices on the first inclined surface 61A.
- the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the tip-side end surface 50C with respect to the axis Ac and the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac is 0° or more and 5° or less.
- the throat width at the tip-side end surface 50C is made larger than the throat width at the intermediate portion 50M, the total pressure of the exhaust at the tip side can be maintained high.
- the difference between the angles .theta.1 and .theta.2 can be made smaller than before.
- the angle ⁇ 1 is greater than the angle ⁇ 2
- the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac can be increased to the maximum allowable limit. Thereby, separation of the flow on the first inclined surface 61A can be further suppressed.
- the strut 63 is arranged across the first inclined surface 61A and the second inclined surface 61B in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the flow of the exhaust gas is sufficiently decelerated in the region on the side of the first inclined surface 61A.
- the pressure loss due to the struts 63 can be further reduced.
- the flow velocity of the exhaust gas can be further reduced in the region on the upstream side of the strut 63 .
- the pressure loss due to the struts 63 can be further reduced.
- a turbine 40 according to a first aspect includes a turbine rotor 41 extending along an axis Ac and rotatable around the axis Ac, a turbine casing 45 covering the turbine rotor 41 from the outer peripheral side, and the turbine rotor.
- 41 having a plurality of turbine rotor blades arranged in the circumferential direction of the axis Ac, a plurality of turbine rotor blade rows 43 arranged in the direction of the axis Ac, and the inner peripheral surface of the turbine casing 45
- a plurality of turbine stator vanes arranged in the direction of the axis Ac are provided so as to be adjacent to the turbine rotor blade on one side in the direction of the axis Ac and arranged in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the outer cylinder 61 extends radially from the inlet of the exhaust flow path E on one side in the direction of the axis Ac toward the other side. It has a first inclined surface 61A extending from the inside to the outside, and the first inclined surface 61A forms an angle of 16° or more and 24° or less with respect to the axis Ac in a cross-sectional view including the axis Ac.
- the throat width A1 at the radially outer end with respect to the axis Ac is set larger than the throat width A2 of the intermediate portion 50M in the radial direction.
- the angle formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac is 16° or more and 24° or less, which is larger than that of the conventional diffuser.
- the flow velocity of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage E can be further reduced in the region on one side of the strut 63 in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the pressure loss due to the struts 63 can be further suppressed.
- the throat width A1 at the radially outer end is larger than the throat width A2 of the intermediate portion 50M. This results in a higher total pressure at the radially outer end. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of flow separation occurring on the first inclined surface 61A.
- the throat width A1 at the radially inner end portion is greater than the throat width A2 at the intermediate portion 50M in the radial direction. is also set large.
- the throat width A1 at the radially inner end is larger than the throat width A2 of the intermediate portion 50M. This results in a higher total pressure at the radially inner end. Therefore, the possibility of flow separation occurring on the outer peripheral surface 62A of the inner cylinder 62 can be reduced.
- the cross-sectional area of the diffuser 60 at the edge of the strut 63 on one side in the direction of the axis Ac and the flow path cross-sectional area of the diffuser 60 at the inlet on the one side in the direction of the axis Ac The area ratio to the channel cross-sectional area is 1.28 or more and 1.37 or less.
- the radially outer tip-side end face 50C extends from one side in the direction of the axis Ac to the other side when viewed from the circumferential direction.
- the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the tip-side end surface 50C with respect to the axis Ac is set larger than the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac. ing.
- the radially outward flow component along the tip-side end surface 50C is guided by the first inclined surface 61A on the other side in the direction of the axis Ac. Since the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the tip-side end surface 50C with respect to the axis Ac is larger than the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac, the above flow component is pressed against the first inclined surface 61A. close contact. As a result, flow separation on the first inclined surface 61A can be further suppressed.
- the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the tip end surface 50C with respect to the axis Ac and the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the first inclined surface 61A with respect to the axis Ac is 0. ° or more and 5 ° or less.
- the outer cylinder 61 extends toward the other side of the first inclined surface 61A in the direction of the axis Ac and extends radially inward from one side to the other side in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the angle formed by the second inclined surface 61B with respect to the axis Ac in a cross-sectional view including the axis Ac is the first inclined surface 61B with respect to the axis Ac.
- the strut 63 is arranged across the first inclined surface 61A and the second inclined surface 61B in the direction of the axis Ac.
- the strut 63 is arranged across the first inclined surface 61A and the second inclined surface 61B. As a result, before contacting the strut 63, the flow of the exhaust gas is sufficiently decelerated in the region on the side of the first inclined surface 61A. As a result, the pressure loss due to the struts 63 can be further reduced.
- a gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 20 that compresses air A to generate high-pressure air, a combustor 30 that mixes fuel with the high-pressure air to generate combustion gas G, a turbine 40 driven by combustion gases G;
- the gas turbine 10 with further improved performance can be provided by further reducing the pressure loss in the diffuser 60 .
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年3月24日に日本に出願された特願2021-050511号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、本開示の実施形態に係るガスタービン10について、図1から図7を参照して説明する。
図1に示すように、ガスタービン10は、圧縮機20と、燃焼器30と、タービン40と、ディフューザ60と、を備えている。圧縮機20は、外部から取り込んだ空気Aを圧縮して高圧の圧縮空気を生成する。燃焼器30は、圧縮空気に燃料Fを混合して燃焼させることで高温高圧の燃焼ガスGを生成する。タービン40は、燃焼ガスGによって回転駆動される。
続いて、図2を参照して上述の最終段動翼列50、及びディフューザ60の詳細な構成について説明する。同図に示すように、最終段動翼列50は、ディスク70と、動翼本体50Hと、を有している。ディスク70は、タービン回転軸42に取り付けられている。ディスク70は、軸線Acを中心とする円盤状をなしている。ディスク70の外周面70A上には動翼本体50Hが設けられている。動翼本体50Hは、外周面70Aから径方向外側に向かって延びている。
次に、図3から図6を参照して、最終段動翼列50(動翼本体50H)のさらなる詳細な構成について説明する。図3に示すように、動翼本体50Hは、径方向から見て翼型の断面形状を有している。つまり、動翼本体50Hは、前縁50Aから後縁50Bに向かうに従って周方向一方側に湾曲している。動翼本体50Hの周方向一方側を向く面(つまり、タービン回転軸42の回転方向の後方側を向く面)は、正圧面50Pとされている。正圧面50Pは、周方向他方側に向かって曲面的に凹んでいる。動翼本体50Hの周方向他方側を向く面(つまり、タービン回転軸42の回転方向の前方側を向く面)は、負圧面50Nとされている。負圧面50Nは、周方向他方側に向かって曲面的に凸となっている。
続いて、本実施形態に係るガスタービン10の動作について説明する。ガスタービン10を駆動するに当たっては、まず外部の駆動源によって圧縮機ロータ21に回転力を与える。これにより、圧縮機ロータ21が軸線Ac回りに回転し、圧縮機20に外部の空域Aが取り込まれる。圧縮機20が取り込んだ空気Aは、圧縮機ケーシング25内を上流側から下流側に向かって流れる中途で圧縮機静翼列26、及び圧縮機動翼列23に接触する。圧縮機静翼列26は、空気Aの流れ方向を変更して、下流側の圧縮機動翼列23への流入角度を最適化する。さらに、空気Aは圧縮機動翼列23によって圧送されることで次第に圧力が上昇して圧縮空気となる。圧縮空気は、圧縮機20の下流側に位置する燃焼器30に導かれる。燃焼器30では、この圧縮空気に燃料Fを混合して燃焼させることで燃焼ガスGが生成される。燃焼ガスGは燃焼器30の下流側に位置するタービン40に導かれる。
以上、本開示の実施形態について説明した。なお、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて、上記の各構成に種々の変更や改修を施すことが可能である。例えば、上記実施形態では、ストラット63が外筒61の第一傾斜面61Aと第二傾斜面61Bとにまたがって配置されている例について説明した。しかしながら、ストラット63の配置は上記に限定されない。例えば、ストラット63が第二傾斜面61B上にのみ配置されている構成を採ることも可能である。このような構成によれば、第一傾斜面61Aに沿って流れることで、ストラット63よりも上流側の領域で排気の流速をさらに下げることができる。その結果、ストラット63による圧力損失をより一層低減することが可能となる。
各実施形態に記載のタービン40、及びガスタービン10は、例えば以下のように把握される。
11 ガスタービンロータ
15 ガスタービンケーシング
16 中間車室
20 圧縮機
21 圧縮機ロータ
22 圧縮機回転軸
23 圧縮機動翼列
25 圧縮機ケーシング
26 圧縮機静翼列
30 燃焼器
40 タービン
41 タービンロータ
42 タービン回転軸
43 タービン動翼列
43A 最終段動翼列
45 タービンケーシング
45A 内周面
46 タービン静翼列
50 最終段動翼列
50A 前縁
50B 後縁
50C チップ側端面
50D ハブ側端面
50H 動翼本体
50M 中間部
50N 負圧面
50P 正圧面
60 ディフューザ
61 外筒
61A 第一傾斜面
61B 第二傾斜面
62 内筒
62A 外周面
63 ストラット
63A ストラット前縁
63B ストラット後縁
64 マンホール
70 ディスク
70A 外周面
80 軸受装置
Ac 軸線
A 空気
E 排気流路
F 燃料
G 燃焼ガス
θ1,θ2 角度
θ3,θ4 流出角
Claims (7)
- 軸線に沿って延びるとともに前記軸線回りに回転可能なタービンロータと、
前記タービンロータを外周側から覆うタービンケーシングと、
前記タービンロータの外周面上で前記軸線の周方向に配列された複数のタービン動翼を有し、前記軸線方向に配列された複数のタービン動翼列と、
前記タービンケーシングの内周面上で前記タービン動翼に対して前記軸線方向一方側に隣り合うように設けられるとともに周方向に配列された複数のタービン静翼を有し、前記軸線方向に配列された複数のタービン静翼列と、
前記複数のタービン動翼列のうち、前記軸線方向における最も他方側の最終段動翼列の前記軸線方向他方側に設けられ、前記軸線方向一方側から他方側に向かって排気ガスが流れる排気流路を形成するディフューザと、
を備え、
前記ディフューザは、
前記軸線に沿って延びる内筒と、
前記内筒を外周側から覆うとともに、前記内筒との間に前記排気流路を形成する外筒と、
前記排気流路の中途位置に設けられ、前記内筒と前記外筒とを径方向に接続するとともに周方向に配列された複数のストラットと、
を有し、
前記外筒は、前記軸線方向一方側における前記排気流路の入口から他方側に向かうに従って前記軸線を中心とする径方向内側から外側に延びる第一傾斜面を有し、
前記第一傾斜面は、前記軸線を含む断面視で前記軸線に対して16°以上24°以下の角度をなし、
前記最終段動翼列の前記タービン動翼では、前記軸線に対する径方向外側の端部のスロート幅が、径方向における中間部のスロート幅よりも大きく設定されているタービン。 - 前記最終段動翼列の前記タービン動翼では、径方向内側の端部のスロート幅が、径方向における中間部のスロート幅よりも大きく設定されている請求項1に記載のタービン。
- 前記ストラットの前記軸線方向一方側の端縁における前記ディフューザの流路断面積と、前記軸線方向一方側の入口における前記ディフューザの流路断面積との面積比は、1.28以上1.37以下である請求項1又は2に記載のタービン。
- 前記最終段動翼列の前記タービン動翼では、径方向外側のチップ側端面が、周方向から見て前記軸線方向一方側から他方側に向かうに従って径方向外側に向かって延び、前記軸線に対して前記チップ側端面がなす角度は、前記軸線に対して前記第一傾斜面がなす角度よりも大きく設定されている請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のタービン。
- 前記軸線に対して前記チップ側端面がなす角度と前記軸線に対して前記第一傾斜面がなす角度の差が、0°以上5°以下である請求項4に記載のタービン。
- 前記外筒は、前記第一傾斜面の前記軸線方向他方側につらなるとともに前記軸線方向一方側から他方側に向かうに従って径方向内側から外側に延びる第二傾斜面をさらに有し、前記軸線を含む断面視で前記軸線に対して前記第二傾斜面のなす角度は、前記軸線に対して前記第一傾斜面がなす角度よりも小さく、前記ストラットは前記軸線方向において前記第一傾斜面と前記第二傾斜面とにまたがって配置されている請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のタービン。
- 空気を圧縮した高圧空気を生成する圧縮機と、
前記高圧空気に燃料を混合させて燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼ガスにより駆動される請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のタービンと、を備えるガスタービン。
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DE112022000513.0T DE112022000513T5 (de) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-09 | Turbine und gasturbine |
CN202280017692.3A CN116940747A (zh) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-09 | 涡轮及燃气涡轮 |
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