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WO2022101664A1 - Multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of sofc and sofc - Google Patents

Multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of sofc and sofc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022101664A1
WO2022101664A1 PCT/IB2020/060702 IB2020060702W WO2022101664A1 WO 2022101664 A1 WO2022101664 A1 WO 2022101664A1 IB 2020060702 W IB2020060702 W IB 2020060702W WO 2022101664 A1 WO2022101664 A1 WO 2022101664A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
exhaust
intake
pressure stabilizing
gas intake
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/060702
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hongmin CAO
Chunlei Gao
Chao YU
Xuesong SHEN
Original Assignee
Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited
Weichai Power Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited, Weichai Power Co., Ltd. filed Critical Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited
Priority to PCT/IB2020/060702 priority Critical patent/WO2022101664A1/en
Publication of WO2022101664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022101664A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, particularly to a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and the SOFC.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a type of fuel cell, can directly use hydrocarbon compounds converted from fossil energy and biomass energy as fuel, and convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through external or internal reforming reactions and the electrochemical reactions inside electrodes.
  • a single cell of the SOFC has a “sandwich” structure, mainly composed of three parts, namely a porous anode layer, a dense electrolyte layer and a porous cathode layer.
  • the main function of the electrolyte is to continuously transport O 2 ' from the cathode to the anode under the action of oxygen partial pressure.
  • the cathode acts as an O 2 ' donor.
  • the reaction process is the binding of O2 in the air to electrons delivered by an external circuit under the catalysis of the electrodes.
  • the current SOFC is composed of a plurality of stacks, usually 2 to 6, if the intake portions of the stacks are not uniform, this will cause a lack of oxygen or fuel gas in some stacks and a reduction of the overall generated power of the SOFC, affecting the performance of the SOFC, even affecting the life of the stacks.
  • An object of the present patent is to provide a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in order to make the gas intake of each stack more uniform, so as to ensure that the SOFC has a higher generated power as a whole and the performance of the SOFC is improved.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • Another object of the present patent is to provide an SOFC adopting the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
  • the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of an SOFC provided by the present invention comprises a gas intake portion and a gas exhaust portion.
  • the gas intake portion comprises an intake pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas intake manifolds arranged on the intake pressure stabilizing cavity.
  • the intake pressure stabilizing cavity is used for communicating with a gas supply pipe of the SOFC, and the number of the gas intake manifolds is equal to the number of the stacks in the SOFC or is an integer multiple of the number of the stacks.
  • the intake pressure stabilizing cavity can comprise a plurality of gas intake cavity segments, and corrugated gas intake buffer tubes connecting two adjacent gas intake cavity segments, and the gas intake manifolds can be distributed on at least two of the gas intake cavity segments.
  • the gas supply pipe of the SOFC can communicate with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity through one of the gas intake cavity segments.
  • Each of the gas intake manifolds can comprise a first gas intake segment connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity and a second gas intake segment used for connecting the stacks, where the first gas intake segment is connected to the second gas intake segment through a corrugated gas intake buffer tube.
  • the gas exhaust portion can comprise an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity.
  • One end of each of the gas exhaust manifolds communicates with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity, the other end is used for communicating with an exhaust port of a stack of the SOFC.
  • the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity communicates with an exhaust pipe of the SOFC.
  • the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity comprises a plurality of gas exhaust cavity segments, corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes connect two adjacent gas exhaust cavity segments, and the gas exhaust manifolds are distributed on at least two of the gas exhaust cavity segments.
  • the gas exhaust portion can comprise two symmetrically arranged exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities.
  • the gas exhaust manifolds are distributed on the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities.
  • the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities communicate with each other through a collector pipe.
  • the collector pipe communicates with the exhaust pipe of the SOFC, and the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes are arranged between the collector pipe and the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities.
  • the gas exhaust portion can comprise an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity.
  • Each of the gas exhaust manifolds comprises a first gas exhaust segment connected to the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity and a second gas exhaust segment used for connecting the stacks, and the first gas exhaust segment is connected to the second gas exhaust segment through a corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube.
  • V p K2 x V2 x n, where n>2, 0.5 ⁇ KI ⁇ K2 ⁇ 1.5.
  • the SOFC disclosed by the present patent comprises a plurality of stacks and a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system matched with the stacks.
  • the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system is the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed in any of the above paragraphs.
  • the gas intake portion is provided with an intake pressure stabilizing cavity.
  • Fuel gas or oxygen first enters the intake pressure stabilizing cavity, and then is distributed to every gas intake manifold from the intake pressure stabilizing cavity.
  • the intake pressures of the gas intake manifolds are equal, fuel gas or oxygen can be uniformly distributed to all gas intake manifolds, and the gas intake amounts of the stacks can essentially maintain consistency. Therefore, the SOFC has a higher generated power as a whole and the power generation performance of the SOFC is improved.
  • the SOFC disclosed in the present invention adopts the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system, so the SOFC also possesses the technical advantages of the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
  • Fig. l is a structural schematic view of a gas intake portion.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view of another gas intake portion.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of a gas exhaust portion.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of another gas exhaust portion.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a deviation value between the actual gas intake amount and the set value of each stack.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of distribution of intake air temperature at the air inlet of each stack.
  • the present invention provides a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in order to make the gas intake of each stack more uniform, so as to ensure that the SOFC has a higher generated power as a whole and the performance of the SOFC is improved.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • the present invention also provides an SOFC adopting the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
  • the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of an SOFC disclosed in the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 4 comprises a gas intake portion and a gas exhaust portion.
  • the gas intake portion includes a fuel gas intake portion and an air (or oxygen) intake portion, and the fuel gas intake portion and the air intake portion have the same structure and both can be called gas intake portions.
  • the gas intake portion comprises an intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 and a plurality of gas intake manifolds 2, and the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 is equal to the number of the stacks in the SOFC. If two or more gas intake manifolds 2 are set for a stack, the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 will be an integer multiple of the number of the stacks in the SOFC.
  • the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 is equal to the number of the stacks, one end of each of the gas intake manifolds 2 communicates with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, the other end communicates with the gas inlet of the stack, and the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 is used for communicating with a gas supply pipe 4 of the SOFC.
  • the gas intake portion is provided with an intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1.
  • Fuel gas or oxygen first enters the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, and then is distributed to every gas intake manifold 2 from the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1. As all gas intake manifolds 2 communicate with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, the intake pressures of the gas intake manifolds 2 are equal. Fuel gas or oxygen can be uniformly distributed to all gas intake manifolds 2 and the gas intake amounts of the stacks can essentially maintain consistency. Therefore, the SOFC can have a higher generated power as a whole and the power generation performance of the SOFC can be improved.
  • the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 comprises a plurality of gas intake cavity segments and corrugated gas intake buffer tubes 3 connecting two adjacent gas intake cavity segments.
  • the gas intake manifolds 2 are distributed on at least two of the gas intake cavity segments. This provides flexible buffering between different gas intake manifolds 2 and makes the position adjustment of the gas intake manifolds 2 during mounting more convenient.
  • the corrugated gas intake buffer tubes 3 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas intake manifolds 2.
  • the gas intake manifolds 2 there are six gas intake manifolds 2 in total. These six gas intake manifolds 2 are all straight pipes. If the number of the stacks changes, the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 will change accordingly, and the gas intake manifolds 2 may adopt a design of straight pipes or bent pipes according to the layout of the gas intake channels.
  • the shape of the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 is not limited.
  • the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 in this embodiment adopts a cylindrical design, and the gas supply pipe 4 of the SOFC can communicate with an end of the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, or communicate with one of the gas intake segments.
  • the gas supply pipe 4 of the SOFC communicates with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 through one of the gas intake cavity segments.
  • any gas intake manifold 2 connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 comprises a first gas intake segment and a second gas intake segment.
  • the first gas intake segment is connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1
  • the second gas intake segment is connected to a stack
  • the first gas intake segment is connected to the second gas intake segment through a corrugated gas intake buffer tube 3, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • This design provides the gas intake manifolds 2 with flexible buffering and makes the position adjustment of the gas intake manifolds 2 during mounting more convenient.
  • the corrugated gas intake buffer tubes 3 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas intake manifolds 2.
  • the volume design of the intake pressure stabilizing and buffering cavity needs to be associated with the flow of the gas intake manifolds 2, so as to maximize the uniformity of gas intake of the gas intake manifolds 2 and meanwhile reduce the loss of intake pressure.
  • the number of stacks in the SOFC is n
  • the gas intake flow of each of the stacks is vi
  • the gas exhaust portion is modified.
  • the gas exhaust portion specifically comprises an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds 6 arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5.
  • One end of each of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 communicates with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5.
  • the other end is used for communicating with an exhaust port of a stack of the SOFC.
  • the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 communicates with an exhaust pipe 9 of the SOFC.
  • the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 further comprises a plurality of gas exhaust cavity segments, and corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 connecting two adjacent gas exhaust cavity segments, and the gas exhaust manifolds 6 are at least distributed on different gas exhaust cavity segments.
  • the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 plays, on the one hand, a role in collecting exhaust gas and, on the other hand, ensures that the back pressure during exhausting is stable without affecting or disturbing gas intake. Because the gas exhaust manifolds 6 all communicate with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5, the exhaust back pressure of each stack is uniform and consistent, which makes the exhaust uniformity of each stack more consistent, thereby further improving the uniformity of gas intake of each stack and ensuring the overall power generation performance of the SOFC.
  • the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 provide flexible buffering between different gas exhaust manifolds 6 and make the position adjustment of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 during mounting more convenient. At the same time, the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas exhaust manifolds 6.
  • the gas exhaust portion may comprise a plurality of exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5.
  • the gas exhaust portion 6 comprises two symmetrically arranged exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5, and the gas exhaust manifolds 6 are distributed on the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities.
  • the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5 communicate with each other through a collector pipe 8, and the collector pipe 8 communicates with an exhaust pipe 9 of the SOFC.
  • corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 are also arranged between the collector pipe 8 and the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5 in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the gas exhaust portion specifically comprises an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds 6 arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5.
  • Each of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 comprises a first gas exhaust segment connected to the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 and a second gas exhaust segment used for connecting the stacks, and the first gas exhaust segment is connected to the second gas exhaust segment through a corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube 7.
  • This design provides the gas exhaust manifolds 6 with flexible buffering and makes the position adjustment of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 during mounting more convenient.
  • the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas exhaust manifolds 6.
  • FIG. 5 A schematic view of a deviation value between the actual air intake amount and the set value of each stack through fluid dynamic simulation calculation (using STAR-CCM+ software) using the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed above is shown in Fig. 5 (the vertical coordinate is percentage). These deviation values are all in the permissible range of the design (the deviation values are within 3%).
  • FIG. 6 A schematic view of intake air temperature of each stack is as shown in Fig. 6 (the unit of the vertical coordinate is °C), the values of the intake air temperature are all in an acceptable temperature range (624°C to 634°C), and the loss of intake pressure is not greater than 2 mb ar.
  • the corrugated buffer tubes and various kinds of other key components can be made of stainless steel, stainless steel 316L, or stainless steel of higher grades for example.
  • stainless steel stainless steel 316L
  • stainless steel of higher grades for example.
  • a higher-quality nickel-chromium alloy can be used.
  • the present invention also discloses an SOFC, which comprises a plurality of stacks and a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system matched with the stacks.
  • the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system is the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the SOFC also possesses the technical advantages of the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system comprises a gas intake portion and a gas exhaust portion, the gas intake portion comprises an intake pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas intake manifolds arranged on the intake pressure stabilizing cavity, the intake pressure stabilizing cavity is used for communicating with a gas supply pipe of the SOFC, and the number of the gas intake manifolds is equal to the number of the stacks in the SOFC. Because all the gas intake manifolds communicate with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity, the intake pressures of all the gas intake manifolds are equal, so that fuel gas or oxygen can be evenly distributed into all the gas intake manifolds and the gas intake amount of each stack can be essentially kept consistent. Therefore, the SOFC as a whole has a higher generated power, and the power generation performance of the SOFC is improved. The invention further discloses an SOFC adopting the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.

Description

Multi-Stack Gas Intake and Exhaust System of SOFC and SOFC
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, particularly to a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and the SOFC.
BACKGROUND ART
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC for short), as a type of fuel cell, can directly use hydrocarbon compounds converted from fossil energy and biomass energy as fuel, and convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through external or internal reforming reactions and the electrochemical reactions inside electrodes.
In addition to the basic characteristics of ordinary fuel cells such as high efficiency and low pollution, SOFC got its name because the electrolyte used is solid. A single cell of the SOFC has a “sandwich” structure, mainly composed of three parts, namely a porous anode layer, a dense electrolyte layer and a porous cathode layer. The main function of the electrolyte is to continuously transport O2' from the cathode to the anode under the action of oxygen partial pressure. The cathode acts as an O2' donor. The reaction process is the binding of O2 in the air to electrons delivered by an external circuit under the catalysis of the electrodes.
Fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow through the gas channels on two sides of a connecting plate in a crisscross manner. As the current SOFC is composed of a plurality of stacks, usually 2 to 6, if the intake portions of the stacks are not uniform, this will cause a lack of oxygen or fuel gas in some stacks and a reduction of the overall generated power of the SOFC, affecting the performance of the SOFC, even affecting the life of the stacks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present patent is to provide a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in order to make the gas intake of each stack more uniform, so as to ensure that the SOFC has a higher generated power as a whole and the performance of the SOFC is improved.
Another object of the present patent is to provide an SOFC adopting the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of an SOFC provided by the present invention comprises a gas intake portion and a gas exhaust portion. The gas intake portion comprises an intake pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas intake manifolds arranged on the intake pressure stabilizing cavity. The intake pressure stabilizing cavity is used for communicating with a gas supply pipe of the SOFC, and the number of the gas intake manifolds is equal to the number of the stacks in the SOFC or is an integer multiple of the number of the stacks.
The intake pressure stabilizing cavity can comprise a plurality of gas intake cavity segments, and corrugated gas intake buffer tubes connecting two adjacent gas intake cavity segments, and the gas intake manifolds can be distributed on at least two of the gas intake cavity segments. The gas supply pipe of the SOFC can communicate with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity through one of the gas intake cavity segments.
Each of the gas intake manifolds can comprise a first gas intake segment connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity and a second gas intake segment used for connecting the stacks, where the first gas intake segment is connected to the second gas intake segment through a corrugated gas intake buffer tube.
Where the number of stacks in the SOFC is n, the gas intake flow of each of the stacks is vi and the volume of the intake pressure stabilizing cavity is Vj, then Vj=Kixvi*n, where n>2, 0.5<Ki<1.5. For example, 2<n>6
The gas exhaust portion can comprise an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity. One end of each of the gas exhaust manifolds communicates with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity, the other end is used for communicating with an exhaust port of a stack of the SOFC. The exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity communicates with an exhaust pipe of the SOFC. The exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity comprises a plurality of gas exhaust cavity segments, corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes connect two adjacent gas exhaust cavity segments, and the gas exhaust manifolds are distributed on at least two of the gas exhaust cavity segments.
The gas exhaust portion can comprise two symmetrically arranged exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities. The gas exhaust manifolds are distributed on the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities. The two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities communicate with each other through a collector pipe. The collector pipe communicates with the exhaust pipe of the SOFC, and the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes are arranged between the collector pipe and the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities.
The gas exhaust portion can comprise an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity. Each of the gas exhaust manifolds comprises a first gas exhaust segment connected to the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity and a second gas exhaust segment used for connecting the stacks, and the first gas exhaust segment is connected to the second gas exhaust segment through a corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube.
Where the number of stacks in the SOFC is n, the gas exhaust flow of each of the stacks is V2 and the volume of the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity is Vp, then Vp=K2xV2xn, where n>2, 0.5<KI<K2<1.5.
The SOFC disclosed by the present patent comprises a plurality of stacks and a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system matched with the stacks. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system is the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed in any of the above paragraphs.
In the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed by the present invention, its gas intake portion is provided with an intake pressure stabilizing cavity. Fuel gas or oxygen first enters the intake pressure stabilizing cavity, and then is distributed to every gas intake manifold from the intake pressure stabilizing cavity. As all gas intake manifolds communicate with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity, the intake pressures of the gas intake manifolds are equal, fuel gas or oxygen can be uniformly distributed to all gas intake manifolds, and the gas intake amounts of the stacks can essentially maintain consistency. Therefore, the SOFC has a higher generated power as a whole and the power generation performance of the SOFC is improved.
The SOFC disclosed in the present invention adopts the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system, so the SOFC also possesses the technical advantages of the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. l is a structural schematic view of a gas intake portion.
Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view of another gas intake portion.
Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of a gas exhaust portion.
Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of another gas exhaust portion.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a deviation value between the actual gas intake amount and the set value of each stack.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of distribution of intake air temperature at the air inlet of each stack.
The following reference numerals are used in the figures: 1 intake pressure stabilizing cavity, 2 gas intake manifold, 3 corrugated gas intake buffer tube, 4 gas supply pipe, 5 exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity, 6 gas exhaust manifold, 7 corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube, 8 collector pipe, and 9 exhaust pipe.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention provides a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in order to make the gas intake of each stack more uniform, so as to ensure that the SOFC has a higher generated power as a whole and the performance of the SOFC is improved.
The present invention also provides an SOFC adopting the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of an SOFC disclosed in the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 4 comprises a gas intake portion and a gas exhaust portion. The gas intake portion includes a fuel gas intake portion and an air (or oxygen) intake portion, and the fuel gas intake portion and the air intake portion have the same structure and both can be called gas intake portions. In this embodiment, the gas intake portion comprises an intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 and a plurality of gas intake manifolds 2, and the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 is equal to the number of the stacks in the SOFC. If two or more gas intake manifolds 2 are set for a stack, the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 will be an integer multiple of the number of the stacks in the SOFC. In the present embodiment, if it is assumed that the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 is equal to the number of the stacks, one end of each of the gas intake manifolds 2 communicates with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, the other end communicates with the gas inlet of the stack, and the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 is used for communicating with a gas supply pipe 4 of the SOFC.
In the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed in the foregoing embodiment, its gas intake portion is provided with an intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1. Fuel gas or oxygen first enters the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, and then is distributed to every gas intake manifold 2 from the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1. As all gas intake manifolds 2 communicate with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, the intake pressures of the gas intake manifolds 2 are equal. Fuel gas or oxygen can be uniformly distributed to all gas intake manifolds 2 and the gas intake amounts of the stacks can essentially maintain consistency. Therefore, the SOFC can have a higher generated power as a whole and the power generation performance of the SOFC can be improved.
In an embodiment, the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 comprises a plurality of gas intake cavity segments and corrugated gas intake buffer tubes 3 connecting two adjacent gas intake cavity segments. As shown in Fig. 1, the gas intake manifolds 2 are distributed on at least two of the gas intake cavity segments. This provides flexible buffering between different gas intake manifolds 2 and makes the position adjustment of the gas intake manifolds 2 during mounting more convenient. At the same time, the corrugated gas intake buffer tubes 3 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas intake manifolds 2.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, there are six gas intake manifolds 2 in total. These six gas intake manifolds 2 are all straight pipes. If the number of the stacks changes, the number of the gas intake manifolds 2 will change accordingly, and the gas intake manifolds 2 may adopt a design of straight pipes or bent pipes according to the layout of the gas intake channels. The shape of the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 is not limited. For the convenience of production or procurement, the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 in this embodiment adopts a cylindrical design, and the gas supply pipe 4 of the SOFC can communicate with an end of the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, or communicate with one of the gas intake segments. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the gas supply pipe 4 of the SOFC communicates with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 through one of the gas intake cavity segments.
In another embodiment, any gas intake manifold 2 connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1 comprises a first gas intake segment and a second gas intake segment. The first gas intake segment is connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity 1, the second gas intake segment is connected to a stack, and the first gas intake segment is connected to the second gas intake segment through a corrugated gas intake buffer tube 3, as shown in Fig. 2. This design provides the gas intake manifolds 2 with flexible buffering and makes the position adjustment of the gas intake manifolds 2 during mounting more convenient. At the same time, the corrugated gas intake buffer tubes 3 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas intake manifolds 2.
The volume design of the intake pressure stabilizing and buffering cavity needs to be associated with the flow of the gas intake manifolds 2, so as to maximize the uniformity of gas intake of the gas intake manifolds 2 and meanwhile reduce the loss of intake pressure. In this embodiment, the number of stacks in the SOFC is n, the gas intake flow of each of the stacks is vi and the total volume of the intake pressure stabilizing cavities is V , then Vj=Kixvixn, where n>2, 0.5<Ki<1.5.
In an embodiment, in the disclosed multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system, the gas exhaust portion is modified. The gas exhaust portion specifically comprises an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds 6 arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5. One end of each of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 communicates with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5. The other end is used for communicating with an exhaust port of a stack of the SOFC. The exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 communicates with an exhaust pipe 9 of the SOFC. The exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 further comprises a plurality of gas exhaust cavity segments, and corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 connecting two adjacent gas exhaust cavity segments, and the gas exhaust manifolds 6 are at least distributed on different gas exhaust cavity segments.
The exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 plays, on the one hand, a role in collecting exhaust gas and, on the other hand, ensures that the back pressure during exhausting is stable without affecting or disturbing gas intake. Because the gas exhaust manifolds 6 all communicate with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5, the exhaust back pressure of each stack is uniform and consistent, which makes the exhaust uniformity of each stack more consistent, thereby further improving the uniformity of gas intake of each stack and ensuring the overall power generation performance of the SOFC. The corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 provide flexible buffering between different gas exhaust manifolds 6 and make the position adjustment of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 during mounting more convenient. At the same time, the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas exhaust manifolds 6.
Depending on different designs, the gas exhaust portion may comprise a plurality of exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5. In this embodiment, the gas exhaust portion 6 comprises two symmetrically arranged exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5, and the gas exhaust manifolds 6 are distributed on the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, there are six gas exhaust manifolds 6. These six gas exhaust manifolds 6 can be symmetrically distributed on two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5. If the number of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 is odd, the gas exhaust manifolds 6 can be distributed in an asymmetric manner on the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5. The two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5 communicate with each other through a collector pipe 8, and the collector pipe 8 communicates with an exhaust pipe 9 of the SOFC. In order to further improve the thermal shock resistance of the gas exhaust portion, corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 are also arranged between the collector pipe 8 and the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5 in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3.
In another embodiment as shown in Fig. 4, the gas exhaust portion specifically comprises an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds 6 arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5. Each of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 comprises a first gas exhaust segment connected to the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity 5 and a second gas exhaust segment used for connecting the stacks, and the first gas exhaust segment is connected to the second gas exhaust segment through a corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube 7. This design provides the gas exhaust manifolds 6 with flexible buffering and makes the position adjustment of the gas exhaust manifolds 6 during mounting more convenient. At the same time, the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes 7 can also provide a buffering capacity for the deformation and impact caused by thermal expansion in the positions of the gas exhaust manifolds 6. On the basis of this embodiment, if there are two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5, which are connected to each other through a collector pipe 8, a corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube 7 is arranged between the collector pipe 8 and each of the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5, as shown in Fig. 4.
If the number of stacks in the SOFC is n, the gas exhaust flow of each of the stacks is V2 and the total volume of the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5 (sum of the volume of a plurality of exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities 5) is Vp, then Vp=K2xV2xn, where n>2, 0.5<KI<K2<1.5. This design makes the exhaust back pressure of each stack more uniform and consistent.
A schematic view of a deviation value between the actual air intake amount and the set value of each stack through fluid dynamic simulation calculation (using STAR-CCM+ software) using the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed above is shown in Fig. 5 (the vertical coordinate is percentage). These deviation values are all in the permissible range of the design (the deviation values are within 3%). A schematic view of intake air temperature of each stack is as shown in Fig. 6 (the unit of the vertical coordinate is °C), the values of the intake air temperature are all in an acceptable temperature range (624°C to 634°C), and the loss of intake pressure is not greater than 2 mb ar.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the corrugated buffer tubes and various kinds of other key components can be made of stainless steel, stainless steel 316L, or stainless steel of higher grades for example. Of course, if the production cost allows, a higher-quality nickel-chromium alloy can be used.
In addition, the present invention also discloses an SOFC, which comprises a plurality of stacks and a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system matched with the stacks. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system is the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments. As the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system is adopted, the SOFC also possesses the technical advantages of the foregoing multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system.
Specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the foregoing embodiments is only for helping to understand the methods and core ideas of the present invention. Various improvements and modifications to the present invention can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), comprising: a gas intake portion; and a gas exhaust portion; wherein: the gas intake portion comprises an intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1) and a plurality of gas intake manifolds (2) arranged on the intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1); the intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1) is arranged for communication with a gas supply pipe (4) of the SOFC; and the number of the gas intake manifolds (2) is equal to the number of the stacks in the SOFC or is an integer multiple of the number of the stacks in the SOFC.
2. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1) comprises: a plurality of gas intake cavity segments; and corrugated gas intake buffer tubes (3) connecting two adjacent gas intake cavity segments; wherein the gas intake manifolds (2) are distributed on at least two of the gas intake cavity segments.
3. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to claim 2, wherein one of the gas intake cavity segments is arranged to communicate the gas supply pipe (4) of the SOFC with the intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1).
4. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the gas intake manifolds (2) comprises a first gas intake segment connected to the intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1), and a second gas intake segment for connecting the stacks, wherein the first gas intake segment is connected to the second gas intake segment through a corrugated gas intake buffer tube (3).
5. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the volume of the intake pressure stabilizing cavity (1) V is
Vj=Kixvixn, where n>2, 0.5<Ki<1.5; wherein n is the number of stacks in the SOFC, and vi is the gas intake flow of each of the stacks.
6. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to claim 5, wherein 2>n<6.
7. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein; the gas exhaust portion comprises an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5) and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds (6) arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5); one end of each of the gas exhaust manifolds (6) communicates with the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5), the other end is configured for communicating with an exhaust port of a stack of the SOFC; the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5) is configured to communicate with an exhaust pipe (9) of the SOFC; the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5) comprises a plurality of gas exhaust cavity segments, and corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes (7) connecting two adjacent gas exhaust cavity segments; and the gas exhaust manifolds (6) are distributed on at least two of the gas exhaust cavity segments.
8. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to claim 7, wherein: the gas exhaust portion comprises two symmetrically arranged exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities (5); the gas exhaust manifolds (6) are distributed on the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities (5); the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities (5) communicate with each other through a collector pipe (8); the collector pipe (8) is configured to communicate with the exhaust pipe (9) of the SOFC; and the corrugated gas exhaust buffer tubes (7) are arranged between the collector pipe (8) and the two exhaust pressure stabilizing cavities (5).
9. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to any of claims 5 to 8, wherein: the gas exhaust portion comprises an exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5) and a plurality of gas exhaust manifolds (6) arranged on the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5); each of the gas exhaust manifolds (6) comprises a first gas exhaust segment connected to the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5) and a second gas exhaust segment used for connecting the stacks; and the first gas exhaust segment is connected to the second gas exhaust segment through a corrugated gas exhaust buffer tube (7).
10. The multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the volume Vp of the exhaust pressure stabilizing cavity (5) is
Vp=K2xV2xn, where n>2, 0.5<K1<K2<T5 wherein V2 is the gas exhaust flow of each of the stacks.
11. An SOFC, comprising a plurality of stacks and a multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system matched with the stacks, wherein the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system is the multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
PCT/IB2020/060702 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Multi-stack gas intake and exhaust system of sofc and sofc WO2022101664A1 (en)

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WO2025051177A1 (en) * 2023-09-06 2025-03-13 潮州三环（集团）股份有限公司 Airflow distribution device and electrochemical energy conversion device comprising same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN210006828U (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-01-31 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Multi-stack air inlet and outlet system of SOFCs and SOFC

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025051177A1 (en) * 2023-09-06 2025-03-13 潮州三环（集团）股份有限公司 Airflow distribution device and electrochemical energy conversion device comprising same
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