CN110165242B - PEM battery flow field plate structure with multi-layer flow channel width - Google Patents
PEM battery flow field plate structure with multi-layer flow channel width Download PDFInfo
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- CN110165242B CN110165242B CN201910367153.2A CN201910367153A CN110165242B CN 110165242 B CN110165242 B CN 110165242B CN 201910367153 A CN201910367153 A CN 201910367153A CN 110165242 B CN110165242 B CN 110165242B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a PEM battery flow field plate structure with multi-level flow channel width, which comprises a plate body, wherein a reaction gas inlet and a reaction gas outlet are formed in the plate body; a plurality of flow channel shoulders are arranged in each stage of flow channel field, a single flow channel is formed by two adjacent flow channel shoulders, and the width of the single flow channel of each stage of flow channel field is gradually reduced. The invention has the effective effects that: the invention designs the flow channel field structure with the width changing of the multilevel flow channel by conforming to the generalized Ruili law, is similar to a multilevel pore structure, has more uniform distribution of materials, reduces the water transmission resistance, and improves the comprehensive performance of the flow field plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a PEM cell flow field plate structure with multi-layer flow channel width.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM cell) takes hydrogen and oxygen as fuel, and diffuses into a gas diffusion layer through a gas flow channel of a bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and generates electrochemical reaction after reaching a catalyst layer so as to generate electricity, so that chemical energy is directly converted into electric energy, and the PEM cell is an environment-friendly power generation device. Because the fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle, the energy conversion rate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is extremely high and can reach 60 percent.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field plate is a polar plate carved with a flow channel, and the flow field plate plays a role in isolating reaction gas in the cell, realizing the assembly connection of the cell and serving as an electronic channel. The gas flows on a flow field plate with flow channels, the gas flow channels are main channels for transmitting the reaction gas from the outside to the inside of the cell and discharging products, and the structural shape of the flow field influences the transmission state and the utilization rate of the reaction gas. The efficiency of gas utilization in the cell and whether water can be vented will affect the performance of the overall cell. Therefore, a properly designed flow field is the key to the design of the pem fuel cell. The reasonable flow field can ensure that gas is uniformly distributed in the reaction active region of the whole cell, so that chemical energy is fully converted into electric energy; the water generated by the reaction can be smoothly discharged out of the flow channel, so that flooding is avoided, and the optimal conversion efficiency and output performance of the battery are achieved.
At present, the flow field of the commonly used proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a parallel flow field and a serpentine flow field. The parallel flow field shown in fig. 1 is a typical fuel cell flow field, and includes an inlet flow channel 3, an outlet flow channel 4, and branch flow channels 5, an inlet of each branch flow channel 5 is connected to the inlet flow channel 3, an outlet of each branch flow channel 5 is connected to the outlet flow channel 4, and gas enters from the inlet flow channel 3 and exits from the outlet flow channel 4. Because the path of gas flowing through the parallel flow channels is short, the pressure loss of the inlet is small, the reaction gas is uniformly distributed, but the flow velocity in the flow channels is small, and the generated liquid water cannot be discharged in time, so that the water flooding is caused. The snakelike flow field has large reaction gas flow velocity and large pressure drop, and can discharge water generated by reaction out of a flow passage in time to avoid flooding. However, for a large area of serpentine flow field, the pressure drop is too large and the gas distribution is not uniform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a PEM battery flow field plate structure with multi-layer flow channel width for improving flow field pressure drop and gas uniformity aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a PEM battery flow field plate structure with multi-level flow channel width comprises a plate body, wherein a reaction gas inlet and a reaction gas outlet are formed in the plate body, a multi-stage sequentially communicated flow channel field is arranged between the reaction gas inlet and the reaction gas outlet, a first-stage flow channel field is communicated with the reaction gas inlet, and a last-stage flow channel field is communicated with the reaction gas outlet; a plurality of flow channel shoulders are arranged in each stage of flow channel field, a single flow channel is formed by two adjacent flow channel shoulders, and the width of the single flow channel of each stage of flow channel field is gradually reduced.
According to the scheme, the single channels in each stage of flow channel field are uniformly spaced and distributed in parallel, and the width of the single channel in each stage of flow channel field meets the following relation:
A1 2＝A2 2+A3 2+A4 2+…+An-3 2+An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
A2 2＝A3 2+A4 2+A5 2+…+An-3 2+An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
……
An-3 2＝An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
An-2 2＝An-1 2+An 2。
in the above formula, A1Is half of the width of a single channel in a first-stage flow field, A2Half the width of a single channel in the second-stage flow field, … …, AnHalf the width of a single channel in the nth stage flow channel field.
According to the scheme, each single channel in the same stage is communicated with the previous stage flow channel field.
According to the scheme, the plate body is provided with the air inlet main runner communicated with the reaction gas inlet, and the air inlet main runner is communicated with the single runner in the first-stage runner field.
According to the scheme, the plate body is provided with an air outlet main runner communicated with the reaction gas outlet, and the air outlet main runner is communicated with the single runner in the final-stage runner field.
According to the scheme, a plurality of bolt holes are formed in the periphery of the plate body at intervals and are connected with other structures of the PEM battery through connecting bolts.
The invention has the effective effects that: the invention designs the flow channel field structure with the width changing of the multilevel flow channel by conforming to the generalized Ruili law, is similar to the multilevel pore structure, has more uniform distribution of materials, reduces the water transmission resistance, improves the comprehensive performance of the flow field plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and further improves the efficiency of the whole fuel cell; in addition, compared with the existing common parallel flow field, the flow field plate has larger pressure drop, is more beneficial to draining water and avoids flooding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a conventional equal channel width parallel flow field plate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance curves using flow field plates and parallel flow fields, respectively, of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cloud chart of mass fraction distribution of cathode water at 0.7v under the calculation conditions of the examples.
Wherein: 1. a reactant gas inlet; 2. a reaction gas outlet; 3. an air intake main runner; 4. an air outlet main flow channel; 5. a first stage flow field; 6. a final stage runner field; 7. a flow passage shoulder; 8. a single flow path; 9. a plate body.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the PEM cell flow field plate structure with multi-level flow channel width comprises a plate body 9, wherein a reaction gas inlet 1 and a reaction gas outlet 2 are formed in the plate body 9, a plurality of flow channel fields communicated in sequence are arranged between the reaction gas inlet 1 and the reaction gas outlet 2, a first-stage flow channel field 5 is communicated with the reaction gas inlet 1, and a last-stage flow channel field 6 is communicated with the reaction gas outlet 2; a plurality of flow channel shoulders 7 are arranged in each stage of flow channel field, a single flow channel 8 is formed by two adjacent flow channel shoulders 7, and the width of the single flow channel 8 of each stage of flow channel field is gradually reduced.
Preferably, the single channels 8 in each stage of flow field are uniformly spaced and distributed in parallel, and each single channel 8 in the same stage is communicated with the previous stage of flow field; the single channel 8 width of each stage of channel field satisfies the following relationship:
A1 2＝A2 2+A3 2+A4 2+…+An-3 2+An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
A2 2＝A3 2+A4 2+A5 2+…+An-3 2+An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
……
An-3 2＝An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
An-2 2＝An-1 2+An 2。
in the above formula, A1Is half the width of the single flow channel 8 in the first stage flow channel field 5, A2Half the width of the single channel 8 in the second stage flow field, … …, AnHalf the width of the single channel 8 in the nth stage flow field.
Preferably, the plate body 9 is provided with a main gas inlet channel 3 communicated with the reaction gas inlet 1, and the main gas inlet channel 3 is communicated with the single channel 8 in the first-stage channel field 5.
Preferably, the plate body 9 is provided with an air outlet main flow channel 4 communicated with the reaction gas outlet 2, and the air outlet main flow channel 4 is communicated with the single flow channel 8 in the final-stage flow channel field 6.
Preferably, a plurality of bolt holes are formed in the peripheral edge of the plate body 9 at uniform intervals, and the bolt holes are connected with other structures of the PEM cell through connecting bolts.
In this embodiment, the depth of the air intake main runner 3 is 1mm, and the width thereof is 3 mm; the depth of the air outlet trunk flow channel 4 is 1mm, and the width of the air outlet trunk flow channel is 3 mm; a three-stage flow channel field is arranged between the air inlet main flow channel 3 and the air outlet main flow channel 4, wherein six flow channel shoulders 7 are arranged in the first-stage flow channel field 5, seven single flow channels 8 are formed by the six flow channel shoulders, the depth of each single flow channel 8 is 1mm, and the width of each single flow channel is 2.8 mm; sixteen flow channel shoulders 7 are arranged in the second-stage flow channel field, seventeen single flow channels 8 are formed in the second-stage flow channel field, the depth of each single flow channel 8 is 1mm, and the width of each single flow channel is 2 mm; the depth of the single channel 8 in the third-stage flow channel field is 1mm, and the width of the single channel is 1.6 mm; the depth of the single channel 8 in the final-stage channel field 6 is 1mm, and the width is 1 mm.
The plant or animal has similar tissue transmission structure, the tissue contains well-defined gap network, the size ratio of the pore space has been evolved to maximum mass transmission and reaction rate, and the resistance in the material transmission process is minimumThe transportation efficiency is highest, and the optimized hierarchical design conforms to the law of murry. The generalized Ruili's law expresses that the pore size relationship for hierarchical pores is
Where α is related to the transmission type, typically 2 or 3; x is the rate of mass change during pore transport. The invention designs the flow field plate structure with the width change of the multi-stage flow channel based on the Murrill's law, the gas distribution is more uniform, the water transmission resistance is smaller, and the performance of the PEM cell is improved.
The performance curves of a pem fuel cell employing the flow field plate structure of the present invention and a conventional parallel flow field structure are shown in fig. 3 (wherein the comparative example shows the use of a parallel flow field, and the examples show the use of the flow field plate structure of the present invention). Introducing hydrogen with the mass flow of 1.5e-06kg/s and air with the mass flow of 2.6e-05kg/s under the operating conditions that the temperature of the fuel cell is 80 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15 MPa. Under the condition that the open-circuit voltage is 1V, the voltage is changed, and the corresponding current density is recorded, and as can be seen from figure 3, the PEM battery adopting the flow field plate structure has higher performance than that adopting the traditional parallel flow channel, the position speed with small flow channel width is relatively larger, and the distribution is more uniform. Therefore, the flow field plate structure provided by the invention not only keeps the advantage of uniform distribution of the parallel flow field battery, but also enhances the gas distribution uniformity and improves the overall performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Example a cloud of mass fraction distribution of cathode water at 0.7v under the calculated conditions is shown in fig. 4. From left to right is the direction from the inlet to the outlet, the mass fraction of the water at the inlet is lower relative to the other positions, and the mass fraction of the water in the flow passage area is uniformly distributed.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some technical features, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A PEM battery flow field plate structure with multi-layer flow channel width is characterized by comprising a plate body, wherein a reaction gas inlet and a reaction gas outlet are formed in the plate body; a plurality of flow channel shoulders are arranged in each stage of flow channel field, a single flow channel is formed by two adjacent flow channel shoulders, and the width of the single flow channel of each stage of flow channel field is gradually reduced; the single channels in each stage of flow channel field are uniformly spaced and distributed in parallel, and the width of the single channel in each stage of flow channel field meets the following relation:
A1 2＝A2 2+A3 2+A4 2+…+An-3 2+An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
A2 2＝A3 2+A4 2+A5 2+…+An-3 2+An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
……
An-3 2＝An-2 2+An-1 2+An 2；
An-2 2＝An-1 2+An 2，
in the above formula, A1Is half of the width of a single flow channel in a first-stage flow channel field, A2Half the width of a single channel in the second-stage flow field, … …, AnHalf the width of a single channel in the nth stage flow field.
2. The PEM cell flow field plate structure of claim 1 wherein each single flow channel in a same stage is in communication with a flow field in a previous stage.
3. The PEM cell flow field plate structure with multiple levels of runner widths of claim 1, wherein said plate body is formed with a main inlet runner in communication with the reactant gas inlet, said main inlet runner being in communication with the single runner in the first stage runner field.
4. The PEM cell flow field plate structure with multiple levels of channel widths of claim 1, wherein said plate body is formed with a main gas outlet channel in communication with the reactant gas outlet, said main gas outlet channel being in communication with the single channel in the final stage flow field.
5. The PEM cell flow field plate structure of claim 1 wherein said plate body has a plurality of bolt holes spaced along the periphery thereof for connection to other PEM cell structures by means of connecting bolts.
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| CN111473673B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Single-tank packed bed heat storage device with bionic choroid structure and arranged according to generalized Murrill's law and using method thereof |
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| DE10323644B4 (en) * | 2003-05-26 | 2009-05-28 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell with adaptation of the local area-specific gas flows |
| CN101800317A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-08-11 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate with gas flow field |
| CN102170002A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-08-31 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Fuel cell flow field structure with depth gradually-diminished flow channels |
| CN107579263B (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2020-12-01 | 环能源公司 | Fuel cell flow channel and flow field |
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