WO2022172044A1 - 充放電制御方法及び充放電制御装置 - Google Patents
充放電制御方法及び充放電制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022172044A1 WO2022172044A1 PCT/IB2021/000082 IB2021000082W WO2022172044A1 WO 2022172044 A1 WO2022172044 A1 WO 2022172044A1 IB 2021000082 W IB2021000082 W IB 2021000082W WO 2022172044 A1 WO2022172044 A1 WO 2022172044A1
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- power
- charge
- power receiving
- charging
- receiving element
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/67—Controlling two or more charging stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge/discharge control method and a charge/discharge control device.
- Patent Document 1 a method of controlling the power consumption of each power consumption element based on the constraint of the total power consumption consumed by the entire group including a plurality of power consumption elements.
- Patent Document 1 a broadcasting element broadcasts a function of the difference between the current value of total power consumption and a reference value of total power consumption within a group.
- Each power consuming element controls its own power consumption using this function and the priority given to itself.
- Patent Document 1 does not perform control based on the charge/discharge schedule of a smart grid (a power grid that controls and optimizes power from both supply and demand).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a charge/discharge control method and a charge/discharge control device capable of efficiently controlling charge/discharge.
- a charge/discharge control method is a method of transmitting power to an entire load group via a power supply base point from the maximum value of total transmitted power that can be sent to the entire load group via the power supply base point.
- charging and discharging can be controlled efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the power reception control device.
- FIG. 3 is a graph explaining a comparative example.
- FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating SOC improvement.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating SOC improvement.
- FIG. 6 is a table for explaining control based on the state of charge of another electric vehicle.
- a power reception control device for an electric vehicle an example of a power reception element
- its peripheral devices according to the present embodiment
- a power system that supplies electrical energy to a load group 11 including a plurality of electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, ...) via a power facility 12 (an example of a power supply base point 10)
- a power receiving control device the element received power, which is the power received by the electric vehicle EV1 included in the load group 11, is controlled by repeating a predetermined processing cycle.
- the power receiving control device includes a receiving device 21 that receives an electric signal from the outside, a vehicle state acquiring device 22 that acquires information indicating the state of the electric vehicle EV1, and a computing device 23 that calculates the elemental received power of the electric vehicle EV1.
- the electric vehicle EV1 includes a power receiving device 24 that receives power from the outside, a battery 25 that stores the power (elemental received power) received by the power receiving device 24, and a motor 26 that is driven based on the electrical energy stored in the battery 25 or the elemental received power.
- the "processing cycle” includes processing steps (a) to (e).
- the receiving device 21 transmits to the entire load group 11 via the power equipment 12 from the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power that can be transmitted to the entire load group 11 via the power equipment 12. acquires information indicating the differential power ( ⁇ P) obtained by subtracting the current value of the total transmitted power (Pall_now).
- the computing device 23 sets the priority ( ⁇ ) of the electric vehicle EV1, which indicates the degree to which power reception of the self (electric vehicle EV1) is prioritized over power reception of other electric vehicles (EV2, EV3, . . . ). , based on a numerical value representing the demand of the user of the electric vehicle EV1.
- the calculation device 23 calculates the element differential power ( ⁇ P) by multiplying the differential power ( ⁇ P) indicated by the acquired information by the priority ( ⁇ ).
- the computing device 23 updates the element received power (Pt+1) by adding the element differential power ( ⁇ P) to the element received power (Pt) in the previous processing cycle.
- the computing device 23 controls the electric vehicle EV1 to receive the updated element received power (Pt+1).
- the "electric vehicle” is an example of a “storage element” or a “power receiving element” that receives power transmitted via the power equipment 12.
- the power storage element stores the received power in a battery (including a secondary battery, a storage battery, and a rechargeable battery).
- Battery storage elements include all devices and devices with batteries, such as vehicles (including electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery), rail vehicles, playground equipment, tools, household products, daily necessities, and the like.
- a “storage element” is an example of a “power receiving element” that receives power transmitted via the power equipment 12.
- the “power receiving element” includes a “power consuming element” that consumes the received power without storing it, in addition to the “storage element”.
- Power consumption elements include rail vehicles, playground equipment, tools, household products, daily necessities, and the like.
- a “power consuming element” may be equipped with a battery, such as an electric vehicle. When electric power received by an electric vehicle is not stored in a battery but is directly transmitted to a motor and consumed as driving power of the motor, the electric vehicle is an example of a “power consumption element.”
- “power consuming elements” include all equipment and devices that consume received power without storing it, whether or not they have batteries.
- Power storage element and “power receiving element” both indicate the unit configuration of power reception control by the power reception control device. That is, power reception control according to the present embodiment is performed in units of power storage elements or power reception elements. For example, power reception control according to the present embodiment is performed independently and in parallel for each of a plurality of electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, . . . ).
- an electricity storage element is taken as an example of a power receiving element
- an electric vehicle (EV) that runs using electricity as an energy source and a motor 26 as a power source is taken as an example of an electricity storage element.
- EV electric vehicle
- the “power equipment 12 ” is an example of the power supply base point 10 .
- the “power equipment 12” includes, for example, the following ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>.
- a mobile phone communication network may be used to control the element received power of the electric vehicle EV1 from outside the electric vehicle EV1.
- the configuration of one electric vehicle EV1 among the plurality of electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, . . . ) included in the load group 11 will be described as an example.
- the electric vehicles (EV2, EV3, . . . ) also have the same configuration as the electric vehicle EV1.
- the power reception control device controls the power received by the electric vehicle EV1 via the power equipment 12.
- the electric vehicle EV1 includes a power receiving device 24 called an onboard charger (OBC).
- OBC onboard charger
- the computing device 23 controls power received by the power receiving device 24 via the power equipment 12 .
- the power received by the power receiving device 24 is stored in the battery 25 .
- the electric vehicle EV1 may directly transmit the power received by the power receiving device to the motor 26 as the drive source without storing it in the battery 25 .
- the electric power supplied to the electric vehicle EV1 via the power equipment 12 is measured by the current measuring device 13.
- a power value measured by the current measuring device 13 is transmitted to the difference information transmitting device 14 .
- Electric energy is supplied to a plurality of electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, . Furthermore, via one power facility 12, not only a plurality of electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, ...) but also one or more other power consumption elements 15 included in the load group 11 electrical energy may be supplied.
- Current measurement device 13 measures the total power transmission being sent to all electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, .
- the current value of power (Pall_now) in other words, the total transmitted power of the entire load group 11 is measured.
- the power capacity of the entire load group 11, that is, the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power that can be sent to the entire load group 11 via the power equipment 12 is predetermined.
- the power reception control device controls the element received power of the electric vehicle EV1 based on the constraint of the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power. For example, the power reception control device controls the power received by the electric vehicle EV1 so that the current value (Pall_now) of the total transmitted power measured by the current measuring device 13 does not exceed the maximum power value (Pall_max).
- the received power of the electric vehicle EV1 may be controlled so as to allow the current value (Pall_now) of the total transmitted power to temporarily exceed the maximum value (Pall_max) of power.
- the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power may or may not be a fixed value. In facilities such as office buildings, commercial facilities, factories, and highway parking areas, there are not only charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs), but also equipment that consumes power, such as lighting, air conditioning, and elevators. do. Depending on these facilities, the maximum value of total transmitted power may fluctuate.
- the difference information transmission device 14 is communicably connected to each of the power equipment 12, the current measurement device 13, and the electric vehicle EV1 by radio or wire.
- the power equipment 12 transmits an electrical signal indicating the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power to the difference information transmission device 14 .
- the current measuring device 13 transmits an electrical signal indicating the current value (Pall_now) of the measured total transmitted power to the difference information transmitting device 14 .
- the difference information transmission device 14 includes a calculation section 31 and a transmission section 32 .
- the calculation unit 31 calculates the differential power ( ⁇ P) by subtracting the current value (Pall_now) of the total transmitted power from the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power, as shown in Equation (1).
- the transmitter 32 transmits (broadcasts) an electrical signal indicating the differential power ( ⁇ P) to all the electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, . . . ) included in the load group 11 by mobile communication. .
- An electrical signal indicative of the differential power ( ⁇ P) is received by receiver 21 and forwarded to computing device 23 .
- the power receiving control device can transmit power to the entire load group 11 via the power equipment 12 from the maximum value (Pall_max) of the total transmitted power that can be transmitted to the entire load group 11 via the power equipment 12. It is possible to obtain information indicating the differential power ( ⁇ P) obtained by subtracting the current value of the total transmitted power (Pall_now).
- the difference information transmission device 14 uses the transmission unit 32 to transmit the difference power to the reception devices 21 of all the electric vehicles (EV1, EV2, EV3, . . . ) included in the load group 11 by wireless communication. Transmit (broadcast) information indicating ( ⁇ P). Alternatively, wired communication may be used to transmit the information indicating the differential power ( ⁇ P).
- the difference information transmission device 14 receives, for example, the state of charge (SOC: STATE OF CHARGE) of the battery 25 and the time (T d ) at which power reception ends, transmitted from each electric vehicle. It is not necessary to have a receiving device for receiving a signal indicating the state of That is, between the difference information transmission device 14 and each electric vehicle, it is only necessary to be able to communicate in only one direction from the difference information transmission device 14 to each electric vehicle. Bi-directional communication is also possible.
- SOC state of charge
- T d time at which power reception ends
- the difference information transmission device 14 may be, for example, a server connected to the power equipment 12, the current measurement device 13, and the load group 11 via a computer network. Alternatively, the difference information transmission device 14 may be configured as part of the power equipment 12 .
- the vehicle state acquisition device 22 acquires information representing the state of the electric vehicle EV1.
- the "state of the electric vehicle EV1" is a numerical value representing the request of the user of the electric vehicle EV1.
- the numerical value representing the request of the user of the electric vehicle EV1 is the remaining time (T) until the time when the electric vehicle EV1 ends power reception (power reception end time T d ).
- the remaining time (T) can be calculated from the time when the electric vehicle EV1 finishes receiving power.
- the remaining time (T) is the remaining time during which the battery 25 of the electric vehicle EV1 can be charged.
- the power reception end time (T d ) may be a time actually set by the user using an information communication terminal such as a smartphone or a user interface mounted on the electric vehicle EV1. Alternatively, if there is no specific instruction or setting from the user, the time may be estimated from statistical data obtained by investigating the user's past action history (past departure time history, etc.).
- the computing device 23 prioritizes power reception by the self EV1 over power reception by other electric vehicles (EV2, EV3, .
- the priority ( ⁇ ) of the electric vehicle EV1 which indicates the degree to which the electric vehicle EV1
- the calculation device 23 calculates the priority ( ⁇ ) from the remaining time (T) from the current time (T o ) to the power reception end time (T d ) using the equation (2).
- N indicates the total number of electric vehicles receiving power within the load group 11 .
- the priority ( ⁇ ) is inversely proportional to the remaining time (T). As the remaining time (T) becomes shorter, the priority ( ⁇ ) becomes higher.
- the formula (2) is only an example.
- the priority ( ⁇ ) is inversely proportional to the remaining time (T) multiplied by 2 or more g times (g is a positive number). You may
- the total number of electric vehicles (N) may be statistical data (quantity data) obtained by investigating past power reception history in the load group 11, or may be approximated from the current power value (Pall_now). It is also possible to estimate the total number (N).
- the total number (N), like the differential power ( ⁇ P), is broadcast from the differential information transmitter 14 or a device attached to the differential information transmitter 14 .
- the total number (N) may be specified by location information or an identification signal of the charging system.
- the calculation device 23 calculates the element differential power ( ⁇ P) by multiplying the differential power ( ⁇ P) by the priority ( ⁇ ) as shown in the equation (3), and calculates the element received power (Pt) in the previous processing cycle.
- the element received power (Pt+1) is updated by adding the element differential power ( ⁇ P) to
- the suffixes (lower right characters) "t" and “t+1" of the symbol "P" indicating the element received power indicate the number of repetitions of the "processing cycle".
- t is a positive integer including zero.
- the computing device 23 transmits an instruction signal to the power receiving device 24 so that the power receiving device 24 receives the updated element power reception power (Pt+1), and the power receiving device 24 that has received the instruction signal receives the updated element power reception power (Pt+1). Power (Pt+1) is received via power equipment 12 .
- the power reception control device repeatedly executes a "processing cycle" including the processing steps (a) to (e) at a constant cycle to obtain the power (element received power Pt) received by the power receiving device 24 of the electric vehicle EV1. Control.
- step S ⁇ b>01 the receiving device 21 acquires information indicating the differential power ( ⁇ P) calculated by the calculator 31 .
- the process proceeds to step S02, and the vehicle state acquisition device 22 acquires information indicating the power reception end time (T d ) as an example of information indicating the state of the electric vehicle EV1.
- step S03 the power reception control device determines whether or not to continue power reception. For example, when an instruction signal to end power reception is received from the user of the electric vehicle EV1 (NO in S03), or when the current time is the end time (T d ) of power reception, continuation of power reception is ended. Alternatively, when it is detected that the charging port is not connected (NO in S03), the electric vehicle EV1 is likely to start moving within several minutes, so the continuation of power reception is terminated. Furthermore, when the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 25 reaches the target value (NO in S03), continuation of power reception is terminated. If these conditions do not exist (YES in S03), the power reception control device continues power reception.
- SOC state of charge
- step S04 the calculation device 23 calculates the priority ( ⁇ ) of the electric vehicle EV1 from the power reception end time (T d ) using equation (2).
- step S05 the calculation device 23 updates the element received power (Pt+1) by substituting the differential power ( ⁇ P) and the priority ( ⁇ ) into the equation (3).
- the computing device 23 controls the power receiving device 24 so that the power receiving device 24 receives the updated elemental received power (Pt+1).
- the power reception control device controls the element received power (P) by repeatedly executing a processing cycle in units of steps S01 to S06 until it is determined NO in step S03.
- the updated element received power (Pt+1) is corrected by subtracting a certain power correction value ( ⁇ Pt) from the previous element received power (Pt). may This makes it difficult for the differential power ( ⁇ P) to become zero. As a result, the electric vehicle desiring to newly start receiving power can start receiving power early.
- the power reception control device controls charging and discharging of its own electric vehicle based on the charging and discharging schedule of the smart grid.
- a smart grid is a power grid that controls and optimizes electricity from both supply and demand. Smart grids are sometimes called next-generation power grids or smart communities.
- the smart grid is a power network that includes the power equipment 10, the difference information transmission device 14, the current measurement device 13, and the load group 11 shown in FIG.
- the charging and discharging schedule of the smart grid is not particularly limited, it is assumed that it is set in advance in this embodiment.
- the charge/discharge schedule is preset based on peak power demand, off-peak power demand, nighttime power, and the like.
- the power receiving control device acquires the charging and discharging schedule of the smart grid. For example, the power reception control device acquires the charge/discharge schedule from the difference information transmission device 14 . The power reception control device then controls charging and discharging of its own electric vehicle based on the charging and discharging schedule. In other words, the power system transmits a charge/discharge schedule to each electric vehicle. The electric power system prompts each electric vehicle to charge/discharge based on the charge/discharge schedule. This allows the power system to supply many electric vehicles with the power they need.
- Conversion loss is, for example, AC-DC conversion loss or DC-AC conversion loss.
- charge/discharge loss conversion loss related to charge/discharge
- the comparative example referred to here is a case in which the charge/discharge control method according to this embodiment is not used.
- the upper diagram of FIG. 3 will be described.
- the upper diagram shows the charging and discharging schedule of the smart grid.
- positive values indicate the charging side.
- a negative value indicates the discharge side.
- the charging side indicates that the signal transmitted from the difference information transmitting device 14 is positive. That is, the differential power ( ⁇ P) is positive.
- the discharge side indicates that the signal transmitted from the difference information transmission device 14 is negative. That is, the differential power ( ⁇ P) is negative.
- the horizontal axis indicates time.
- Reference numeral 40 indicates a value related to the charge/discharge schedule.
- Reference numeral 41 indicates the measured value.
- the diagram on the lower side of FIG. 3 will be explained.
- the vertical axis of the lower diagram indicates the storage battery capacity (kWh) of the electric vehicle.
- the horizontal axis indicates time.
- Reference numeral 51 indicates the storage battery capacity of EV1.
- Reference numeral 52 indicates the storage battery capacity of EV2.
- Reference numeral 53 indicates the storage battery capacity of EV3.
- Reference numeral 54 indicates the storage battery capacity of the EV4.
- Reference numeral 61 indicates the storage battery capacity when EV1 departs.
- Reference numeral 62 indicates the storage battery capacity when EV2 departs.
- Reference numeral 63 indicates the storage battery capacity when EV3 departs.
- Reference numeral 64 indicates the storage battery capacity when the EV4 departs. In addition, you may read a storage battery accommodation as SOC.
- the priority ( ⁇ ) is given by equation (4).
- ⁇ (estimated charging power) is the dimension of the amount of power because it takes the total over time.
- the estimated charging power is transmitted from the difference information transmitting device 14, for example.
- the estimated charging power is obtained by dividing the total amount of power available to the electric vehicles by the estimated number of staying electric vehicles.
- the estimated charging power corresponds to the expected charging amount per electric vehicle.
- a result of using the priority ( ⁇ ) according to Equation (4) will be described. An electric vehicle with a lower priority than surrounding electric vehicles will receive a smaller amount of charge. An electric vehicle with a higher priority than the surrounding electric vehicles will have a larger charge amount. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, EV2 to EV4 can start with a higher SOC than in FIG.
- the priority ( ⁇ ) may be given by formula (5).
- the SOC state of another electric vehicle may be estimated to control the amount of electric power (charge/discharge amount) related to self charge/discharge.
- the own electric vehicle cannot know the SOC state of other electric vehicles. Therefore, the power reception control device estimates the SOC state of the other electric vehicle and controls the amount of electric power (charge/discharge amount) related to its own charging/discharging.
- state indicates whether it is on the charging side or the discharging side in the charging and discharging schedule of the smart grid. Whether or not another electric vehicle is expected to reach a desired SOC (hereinafter referred to as desired SOC) is estimated based on the amount of change in differential power ( ⁇ P). The SOC states of other electric vehicles are estimated in all cases (cases 1 to 8).
- case 1 in FIG. 6 will be explained.
- the charging/discharging schedule is "charging”.
- the own electric vehicle is expected to reach the desired SOC. All other electric vehicles are expected to reach the desired SOC.
- the power reception control device basically charges based on the charge/discharge schedule. Powered control devices do not discharge. However, charging may not be necessary depending on the SOC state of other electric vehicles.
- Case 3 will be explained.
- the charging/discharging schedule is "charging”. If the battery is charged according to the charging/discharging schedule, it is expected that the own electric vehicle will not reach the desired SOC. All other electric vehicles are expected to reach the desired SOC. In this case, the power reception control device charges based on the charge/discharge schedule.
- Case 4 will be explained.
- the charging/discharging schedule is "charging”. If the battery is charged according to the charging/discharging schedule, it is expected that the own electric vehicle will not reach the desired SOC. There are other electric vehicles that are unlikely to reach the desired SOC.
- the power reception control device basically charges based on the charge/discharge schedule. Powered control devices do not discharge.
- Case 5 the charge/discharge schedule is "discharge". If the electric vehicle is discharged according to the charging/discharging schedule, the own electric vehicle is expected to reach the desired SOC. All other electric vehicles are expected to reach the desired SOC. In this case, the power reception control device basically discharges based on the charge/discharge schedule. Powered control devices are not charged.
- Case 6 the charge/discharge schedule is "discharge". If the electric vehicle is discharged according to the charging/discharging schedule, the own electric vehicle is expected to reach the desired SOC. There are other electric vehicles that are unlikely to reach the desired SOC. In this case, the power reception control device discharges based on the charge/discharge schedule.
- the power reception control device charges or discharges based on the charge/discharge schedule.
- Case 2 will be explained.
- the charging/discharging schedule is "charging".
- the own electric vehicle is expected to reach the desired SOC.
- the power reception control device does not perform control based on the charge/discharge schedule.
- the power reception control device discharges, ignoring the charge/discharge schedule. This allows the own electric vehicle to supply power to other electric vehicles. This allows other electric vehicles to start at a high SOC state.
- Case 7 will be explained.
- the charge/discharge schedule is "discharge". If the electric vehicle is discharged according to the charging/discharging schedule, it is expected that the own electric vehicle will not reach the desired SOC. All other electric vehicles are expected to reach the desired SOC. In this case, the power reception control device does not perform control based on the charge/discharge schedule. The power receiving control device charges the battery ignoring the charging/discharging schedule. This allows the own electric vehicle to start in a high SOC state.
- the charge/discharge schedule is "discharge". If the electric vehicle is discharged according to the charging/discharging schedule, it is expected that the own electric vehicle will not reach the desired SOC. There are other electric vehicles that are unlikely to reach the desired SOC. In this case, the power reception control device does not perform control based on the charge/discharge schedule. The power reception control device charges the electric vehicle when there is no discharging electric vehicle among other electric vehicles expected to reach the desired SOC. This allows the own electric vehicle to start in a high SOC state. Further, the power reception control device does not charge the electric vehicle if there is a discharging electric vehicle among other electric vehicles that are not expected to reach the desired SOC.
- not charging means not charging with the power supplied from the power equipment 12 . If there is a discharging electric vehicle among the other electric vehicles expected to not reach the desired SOC, the power reception control device charges the electric vehicle using the electric power discharged by the other electric vehicle. This allows the own electric vehicle to start in a high SOC state.
- the power receiving control device estimates the SOC state of other electric vehicles. Based on the estimation result, the power reception control device performs charge/discharge control while ignoring the charge/discharge schedule. This allows self or other electric vehicles to start at a high SOC. In addition, this enables appropriate charge/discharge control and reduces charge/discharge loss.
- the power reception control device controls the power received or discharged by the power receiving elements included in the load group 11 in a power system that supplies electrical energy to the load group 11 including a plurality of power receiving elements via the power supply base point 10 .
- the power receiving control device determines the total power transmitted to the entire load group 11 via the power supply base point 10 from the maximum value of the total transmitted power that can be sent to the entire load group 11 via the power supply base point 10.
- the power receiving control device multiplies the differential power ( ⁇ P) indicated by the acquired information by the priority ( ⁇ ) of the power receiving element, which indicates the degree to which the power reception of the power receiving element is prioritized over the power reception of other power receiving elements.
- the power reception control device controls its own charging/discharging based on the element differential power and the charging/discharging schedule of the power system. This realizes efficient charge/discharge control using the charge/discharge schedule.
- the power receiving control device estimates the state of charge of other power receiving elements.
- the power reception control device controls its own charging/discharging based on the estimated state of charge of the other power receiving elements. In this way, the power reception control device basically follows the charge/discharge schedule, but depending on the estimated state of charge of other power receiving elements, the power reception control device ignores the charge/discharge schedule and performs its own charge/discharge control. This enables appropriate charge/discharge control and reduces charge/discharge loss.
- Estimating the state of charge of the other power receiving element means estimating whether or not the amount of charge of the other power receiving element reaches the desired amount of charge of the other power receiving element at the time when the other power receiving element departs in the future.
- a power system is, for example, a smart grid.
- Processing circuitry includes programmed processing devices, such as processing devices that include electrical circuitry. Processing circuitry also includes devices such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and circuit components arranged to perform the described functions.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
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Abstract
Description
(a)受信装置21は、電力設備12を経由して負荷群11の全体に送ることができる総送電電力の最大値(Pall_max)から、電力設備12を経由して負荷群11の全体に送っている総送電電力の現在値(Pall_now)を減じて得られる差分電力(ΔP)を示す情報を取得する。
(b)計算装置23は、他の電気自動車(EV2、EV3、・・・)の受電よりも自己(電気自動車EV1)の受電が優先される度合いを示す電気自動車EV1の優先度(β)を、電気自動車EV1のユーザの要求を表す数値に基づいて算出する。
(c)計算装置23は、取得した情報が示す差分電力(ΔP)に優先度(β)を乗じることにより要素差分電力(βΔP)を算出する。
(d)計算装置23は、前回の処理サイクルにおける要素受電電力(Pt)に、要素差分電力(βΔP)を加算することにより、要素受電電力(Pt+1)を更新する。
(e)計算装置23は、更新後の要素受電電力(Pt+1)を受電するように電気自動車EV1を制御する。
<1>電気自動車EV用の「充電スタンド」
<2>住宅、オフィスビル、商業施設、工場、又は高速道路のパーキングエリア等の敷地内に設置された「変電装置」
<3>水力、火力、原子力などの「発電所」、発電された電力を所定の電圧へ変換する「変電所」
<4>変電所を経由して伝送された電力を分配するための様々な「配電設備」
<5>これらの装置又は設備の間を接続する「配線(ケーブル、フィーダーを含む)」、及び<6>近隣にある小規模な蓄電要素のエネルギーを束ね、1つの大規模な発電所のように機能させる「バーチャルパワープラント(仮想発電所:VPP)」
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る受電制御装置(充放電制御装置)によれば、以下の作用効果が得られる。
11 負荷群
13 電流計測装置
14 差分情報送信装置
15 電力消費要素
21 受信装置
22 車両状態取得装置
23 計算装置
24 受電装置
25 バッテリ
26 モータ
31 計算部
32 送信部
Claims (5)
- 複数の受電要素を含む負荷群へ電力供給基点を経由して電気エネルギーを供給する電力システムにおいて、前記負荷群に含まれる受電要素が受電または放電する電力を制御する充放電制御方法であって、
前記電力供給基点を経由して前記負荷群の全体に送ることができる総送電電力の最大値から、前記電力供給基点を経由して前記負荷群の全体に送っている総送電電力の現在値を減じて得られる差分電力を示す情報を取得し、
取得した前記情報が示す前記差分電力に、他の受電要素の受電よりも自己の受電が優先される度合いを示す前記受電要素の優先度を乗じることにより、前記受電要素の要素差分電力を算出し、
前記要素差分電力と、前記電力システムの充放電スケジュールとに基づいて前記自己の充放電を制御する
ことを特徴とする充放電制御方法。 - 前記他の受電要素の充電状態を推定し、
推定された前記他の受電要素の充電状態に基づいて前記自己の充放電を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の充放電制御方法。 - 前記他の受電要素の充電状態を推定するとは、前記他の受電要素が将来出発する時間において、前記他の受電要素の充電量が、前記他の受電要素が希望する充電量に到達するか否かを推定することを意味する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の充放電制御方法。 - 前記電力システムはスマートグリッドである
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の充放電制御方法。 - 複数の受電要素を含む負荷群へ電力供給基点を経由して電気エネルギーを供給する電力システムにおいて、前記負荷群に含まれる受電要素が受電または放電する電力を制御する受電制御装置を有する充放電制御装置であって、
前記受電制御装置は、
前記電力供給基点を経由して前記負荷群の全体に送ることができる総送電電力の最大値から、前記電力供給基点を経由して前記負荷群の全体に送っている総送電電力の現在値を減じて得られる差分電力を示す情報を取得し、
取得した前記情報が示す前記差分電力に、他の受電要素の受電よりも自己の受電が優先される度合いを示す前記受電要素の優先度を乗じることにより、前記受電要素の要素差分電力を算出し、
前記要素差分電力と、前記電力システムの充放電スケジュールとに基づいて前記自己の充放電を制御する
ことを特徴とする充放電制御装置。
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