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WO2021057671A1 - 一种网络的oam方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种网络的oam方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057671A1
WO2021057671A1 PCT/CN2020/116580 CN2020116580W WO2021057671A1 WO 2021057671 A1 WO2021057671 A1 WO 2021057671A1 CN 2020116580 W CN2020116580 W CN 2020116580W WO 2021057671 A1 WO2021057671 A1 WO 2021057671A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oam
network device
information
target application
configuration information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/116580
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周天然
彭书萍
宋跃忠
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2022518792A priority Critical patent/JP7322288B2/ja
Priority to EP20869283.0A priority patent/EP4027587A4/en
Priority to BR112022005656A priority patent/BR112022005656A2/pt
Publication of WO2021057671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057671A1/zh
Priority to US17/701,167 priority patent/US12149429B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/34—Signalling channels for network management communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/06—Generation of reports
    • H04L43/065—Generation of reports related to network devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/06—Generation of reports
    • H04L43/067—Generation of reports using time frame reporting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/084—Configuration by using pre-existing information, e.g. using templates or copying from other elements
    • H04L41/0846—Configuration by using pre-existing information, e.g. using templates or copying from other elements based on copy from other elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/5041—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements characterised by the time relationship between creation and deployment of a service
    • H04L41/5051—Service on demand, e.g. definition and deployment of services in real time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of computer technology, and in particular, to a network OAM method and device.
  • OAM operation and maintenance management
  • OAM can complete fault detection, path discovery, fault location, and performance monitoring, so as to realize network analysis, Forecast, plan and configure, and can test and fault management of the network and its services.
  • Performing OAM on the network may include: in the process of forwarding a message, a device (such as a switch or a router) on the forwarding path collects OAM information and reports it to a controller in the network, and the controller analyzes the OAM information to evaluate the network status.
  • OAM information can be collected for a specific data stream according to a preset OAM strategy (including OAM method, content, and frequency).
  • OAM strategy including OAM method, content, and frequency.
  • node 2 After node 2 receives the data stream, it determines the OAM strategy corresponding to the data stream, and based on the OAM The strategy collects OAM information, and forwards the OAM strategy and OAM information to node 3. Node 3 collects the OAM information according to the OAM strategy and sends it to node 5. Similarly, node 5 also collects OAM information. At this point, node 5 can get node 2 , The OAM information collected by node 3 and node 5, and then all OAM information is sent to the controller.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a network OAM method and device, which can determine the OAM configuration information of the target application, thereby improving the effect of the network OAM.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an OAM method for network operation, management and maintenance.
  • the method includes: a first network device determines OAM configuration information of a target application, the OAM configuration information includes an OAM measurement method; and the first network device Forward the OAM configuration information to the second network device.
  • the first network device after the first network device determines the OAM configuration information, the first network device encapsulates the OAM configuration information into the received message, and forwards it to the second network device, so that the second network device The device collects OAM information according to the OAM configuration information.
  • the OAM method of the network provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include: the first network device receives a message, the message including the target Characteristic information of the application.
  • the message received by the first network device is a message of the target application, and the message includes an information header of the target application (hereinafter referred to as APP information header), and the APP header contains characteristic information of the target application.
  • the first network device decapsulates the message, and obtains the characteristic information of the target application from the APP information header.
  • the above-mentioned message when OAM is performed based on the actual service of the target application, the above-mentioned message may be a message corresponding to the actual service of the target application; when active OAM is performed on the forwarding path corresponding to the target application, the above The message is a test message.
  • the foregoing method for the first network device to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application may specifically include: the first network device determines the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the characteristic information of the target application.
  • the feature information of the target application mentioned above is the service requirement information of the target application.
  • the foregoing method for the first network device to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application may specifically include: the first network device determines the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the service requirement information of the target application in the message.
  • the APP information header of the above message contains service requirement information of the target application (which can also be an SLA parameter), and the first network device decapsulates the received message from the APP information header of the message To obtain the service demand information.
  • the service requirement information of the target application includes at least one of delay information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the service demand information may also be called SLA parameters, where the delay information may include one or more of end-to-end delay, hop-by-hop delay, and forwarding delay; packet loss information may include packet loss rate; bandwidth The information can include available bandwidth.
  • the aforementioned service demand information may also include the upper limit of the delay information and/or the upper limit of the packet loss information, for example, including the maximum end-to-end delay less than 3 milliseconds and/or the maximum packet loss rate less than 0.0001 .
  • the above-mentioned service requirement information may also include color information (also referred to as SLA color) of the service requirement, and the color information of the service requirement may implicitly indicate one of the above-mentioned delay information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information Or multiple.
  • color information also referred to as SLA color
  • the first network device may determine OAM configuration information according to the content of the service requirement information. For example, when performing OAM based on the actual business of the target application, if the service requirement information is that the maximum packet loss rate is less than a certain value, the first The network device can determine the measurement object in the OAM configuration information as the packet loss rate according to the target application's requirement for the packet loss rate (that is, the maximum packet loss rate needs to be less than a certain value), and determine the OAM measurement when performing OAM for the packet loss rate Method and measurement granularity; when active OAM is performed based on the forwarding path corresponding to the target application, if the service demand information is delay and the maximum end-to-end delay is less than a certain value, the first network device will be based on the target application's demand for delay (ie The maximum end-to-end delay needs to be less than a certain value), determine the measurement object in the OAM configuration information as the delay, and determine the OAM measurement method and measurement frequency when OAM is performed for
  • the first network device determines the OAM configuration information for the target application according to the service requirement information of the target application carried in the data message (for example, different service requirements can correspond to different OAM configuration information).
  • the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the feature information of the target application described above is identification information of the target application.
  • the foregoing method for the first network device to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application may specifically include: the first network device determines the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the identification information of the target application in the message.
  • the APP information header of the above message contains the identification information of the target application (denoted as APP ID), and the first network device decapsulates the received message and obtains it from the APP information header of the message The ID of the APP.
  • the corresponding relationship between the identification information of the application and the OAM configuration information is configured on the first network device. After the first network device obtains the identification information of the target application, it is based on the difference between the identification information of the application and the OAM configuration information. The corresponding relationship between the two is first matched to the identification information of the target application, and then it is determined that the OAM configuration information corresponding to the identification information of the target application is the OAM configuration information of the target application.
  • the first network device forwards the determined OAM identification information to the second network device when it matches the identification information of the target application according to the APP ID in the received message.
  • the second network device can obtain OAM configuration information and determine whether to collect OAM information (that is, whether to perform the OAM function) according to the actual situation.
  • other subsequent network devices can also obtain OAM configuration information and determine whether to collect OAM information.
  • the first network device does not match the identification information of the target application
  • the first network device, the second network device, and other subsequent network devices do not collect OAM information (that is, do not perform the OAM function), and only forward the message normally.
  • the embodiment of the application can pre-configure which devices (ie nodes) in the network need to collect OAM information, that is, for each device in the network, you can configure whether the device needs to collect OAM information.
  • which devices need to collect OAM information can be configured according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a network device receives a packet sent by its previous hop network device, and if the network device is configured to collect OAM information, the network device decapsulates the received packet to obtain OAM configuration information, And collect OAM information according to the OAM configuration information, and then the network device encapsulates the OAM information into the OAM header of the message, and then sends the message containing the OAM configuration information and OAM information to the next hop network device of the network device; otherwise , The network device does not collect OAM information, and directly forwards the message containing the OAM configuration information to the next-hop network device of the network device.
  • the first network device determines the OAM configuration information for the target application according to the identification information of the target application carried in the data message (for example, different applications can configure different OAM configuration information).
  • the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the message received by the first network device includes an OAM measurement manner.
  • the OAM measurement mode can be pre-configured and carried in the message.
  • the first network device can obtain the OAM measurement mode after receiving the message.
  • the above-mentioned OAM measurement method includes at least one of the following methods: an IOAM method, an IPFPM method, an IFIT method, a TWAMP method, an OWAMP method, and a PING method.
  • the above-mentioned OAM configuration information further includes at least one of the following information: OAM measurement object, measurement granularity, and measurement frequency.
  • the measurement object of OAM may include at least one of delay, packet loss rate, and available bandwidth; the measurement granularity of OAM may include flow-by-stream or packet-by-packet; the measurement frequency of OAM may be the data packet (or measurement packet) Send frequency.
  • OAM when OAM is performed on the network, OAM can be performed based on the actual service of the target application (which can be understood as flow-by-flow measurement), or the forwarding path corresponding to the target application can be actively performed. OAM (can be understood as path measurement).
  • OAM configuration information may include measurement granularity, and the OAM measurement methods may include IOAM, IPFPM, and IFIT; when active OAM is performed on the forwarding path of the target application, the above-mentioned OAM configuration
  • the information can include measurement frequency, and OAM measurement methods can include TWAMP, OWAMP, and PING methods.
  • the first network device obtains the service requirement information of the target application or the identification information of the target application from the message. After that, other information in the OAM configuration information (for example, measurement object, measurement granularity, or measurement frequency) is determined according to the service requirement information of the target application or the identification information of the target application.
  • the OAM configuration information for example, measurement object, measurement granularity, or measurement frequency
  • the first network device after the above-mentioned first network device determines the OAM configuration information, the first network device encapsulates the OAM configuration information into the received message, and forwards it to the second network device, so that the second network device The network device collects OAM information according to the OAM configuration information.
  • OAM measurement granularity or measurement frequency is encapsulated into the message.
  • the OAM information collected by the network device is also different.
  • the OAM measurement object is time delay
  • the OAM information collected by the network device may include: time Stamp, node ID, and interface ID, where the interface ID may include the inbound interface and the outbound interface of the message, and the timestamp may include the time when the message arrives at the inbound interface and the time when the message leaves the outbound interface.
  • the OAM method of the network provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include: the first network device obtains enabling information, and the enabling information is used To instruct the first network device to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application.
  • the foregoing enabling information is carried in a message received by the first network device; or, the enabling information is pre-configured on the first network device.
  • the foregoing enabling information is a type of instruction information (for example, an instruction), and the first network device may determine whether it is necessary to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the value of the instruction information.
  • instruction information for example, an instruction
  • “0" or “1” may be used to represent the foregoing enabling information.
  • "1" may be used to indicate enable, that is, the first network device needs to determine OAM configuration information, or "0" may be used to indicate enable.
  • the embodiments of the present application may also use other flags that meet actual use requirements to set the foregoing enabling information, and the embodiments of the present application will not list them one by one.
  • the identification information of the target application may be used as the enabling indication information.
  • the first network device in the network determines the OAM configuration information of the target application, and the first network device forwards the OAM configuration information to the second network device. It can be seen that through the embodiment of the present application The technical solution can determine the OAM configuration information for the target application. Thus, the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the network device in the network that needs to collect OAM information completes the collection and reporting of OAM information according to the OAM configuration information. Since the OAM configuration information determined by the first network device is determined based on the characteristic information of the target application, it is determined based on the OAM configuration information. The OAM information collected by the configuration information can reflect the operating status of the target application more accurately to a certain extent, and therefore can improve the OAM effect of the network.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a network device, the network device is a first network device, and the network device includes a determining module and a sending module.
  • the determining module is used to determine OAM configuration information of the target application, and the OAM configuration information includes the OAM measurement mode; the sending module is used to forward the OAM configuration information to the second network device.
  • the network device provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a receiving module; the receiving module is configured to receive a message, and the message includes characteristic information of the target application.
  • the above determination module is specifically configured to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the characteristic information of the target application.
  • the feature information of the target application mentioned above is service demand information of the target application.
  • the above determining module is specifically configured to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the service demand information of the target application.
  • the service requirement information of the target application includes at least one of delay information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the network device provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a receiving module; the receiving module is configured to receive a message, and the message includes identification information of the target application.
  • the feature information of the target application mentioned above is the identification information of the target application.
  • the above determination module is specifically configured to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the identification information of the target application.
  • the message received by the above-mentioned first network device includes an OAM measurement manner.
  • the above-mentioned OAM measurement method includes at least one of the following methods: an IOAM method, an IPFPM method, an IFIT method, a TWAMP method, an OWAMP method, and a PING method.
  • the above-mentioned OAM configuration information further includes at least one of the following information: OAM measurement object, measurement granularity, and measurement frequency.
  • the network device provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes an acquisition module; the acquisition module is used to acquire enable information, and the enable information is used to instruct the first network device to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application .
  • embodiments of the present application provide a network device, including a processor and a memory coupled to the processor; the memory is used to store computer instructions, and when the network device is running, the processor executes the computer stored in the memory Instructions, so that the network device executes the network OAM method described in any one of the first aspect and its possible implementation manners.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a network device that exists in the form of a chip product.
  • the structure of the network device includes a processor and a memory.
  • the memory is used for coupling with the processor, and the memory is used for storing computer instructions.
  • the processor is configured to execute computer instructions stored in the memory, so that the network device executes the network OAM method described in any one of the foregoing first aspect and its possible implementation manners.
  • inventions of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may include computer instructions.
  • the network device executes the first aspect and its possible implementations.
  • the OAM method of the network described in any one of the methods.
  • FIG. 1 is an application scenario of the OAM method of the network provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hardware of a network device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 1 of a network OAM method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of a network OAM method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a third schematic diagram of a network OAM method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of packaging OAM configuration information provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an OAM information collection process provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a fourth schematic diagram of a network OAM method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 5 of a network OAM method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 10 is a first structural diagram of a first network device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a second structural diagram of a first network device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • first and second in the description and claims of the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order of objects.
  • first network device and the second network device are used to distinguish different network devices, rather than to describe a specific order of the network devices.
  • words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used as examples, illustrations, or illustrations. Any embodiment or design solution described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present application should not be construed as being more preferable or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. To be precise, words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used to present related concepts in a specific manner.
  • multiple processing units refer to two or more processing units; multiple systems refer to two or more systems.
  • OAM Operation and maintenance management.
  • OAM on the network refers to the collection of OAM information by network equipment.
  • the definition of OAM is as follows:
  • Performance monitoring and generating maintenance information so as to evaluate the stability of the network based on the maintenance information
  • the OAM of the network may include fault detection, path discovery, fault location, and performance monitoring.
  • the OAM process of the network will be described in detail in conjunction with the technical solutions provided in this application.
  • OAM domain refers to the collection of all nodes in the network that support the OAM function (that is, support the collection of OAM information).
  • the collection of node 2, node 3, and node 5 in Figure 1 is an OAM domain, where node 2 is the The ingress node (also known as the head node) of the OAM domain, the ingress node is responsible for determining OAM configuration information, node 5 is the egress node (also known as the tail node) of the OAM domain, and the egress node is responsible for collecting each node in the OAM domain
  • the received OAM information is reported to the controller.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an OAM method and device for a network.
  • a first network device in the network can determine the OAM configuration information of the target application, and the first network device forwards the OAM configuration information to the first network device.
  • the network device can determine the OAM configuration information for the target application.
  • the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the network device in the network that needs to collect OAM information completes the collection and reporting of OAM information according to the OAM configuration information. Since the OAM configuration information determined by the first network device is determined based on the characteristic information of the target application, the OAM configuration information is determined based on the OAM configuration information. The OAM information collected by the configuration information can reflect the operating status of the target application more accurately to a certain extent, and therefore can improve the OAM effect of the network.
  • the above-mentioned first network device is the head node or ingress node on a forwarding path corresponding to the target application (that is, the target APP) (that is, the starting node that performs the OAM function in the network),
  • the second network device is the next hop device of the first network device.
  • the first network device and the second network device may be routing devices or switching devices, such as routers or switches.
  • the above-mentioned OAM configuration information is used for network devices in the network to collect OAM information, and the OAM information is used to analyze the operating status of the target application (for example, delay conditions or packet loss conditions, etc.).
  • the hardware structure of the first network device is exemplarily described by taking the first network device as a router as an example.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of the hardware of a router provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the router provided by an embodiment of the present application includes components such as a processor 20, a memory 21, and an interface 22. The following is an exemplary description of each component of the router.
  • the processor 20 is responsible for the exchange of routing information, routing table lookup, and data processing (including encapsulation or decapsulation), such as processing various tables and routing operations required for maintaining routers.
  • Memory 21 Used to store router configuration, operating system, routing protocol software, etc. There can be multiple types of memory in the router, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), dynamic memory (DRAM), flash memory (Flash), etc.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic memory
  • Flash flash memory
  • Interface 22 used for routers to send and receive data packets.
  • the interface 22 in the router includes a LAN interface and a WAN interface.
  • the router itself has no input and terminal display devices.
  • the router interface also includes a control port for users or administrators to communicate with the router through the terminal to complete the router configuration.
  • the OAM method of the network provided in the embodiment of the present application may include S101-S102:
  • the first network device determines OAM configuration information of the target application.
  • the OAM configuration information includes the OAM measurement mode.
  • the OAM measurement method may include at least one of the following methods: in-situ operation administration and maintenance (IOAM) method, Internet protocol flow performance measurement (IP flow performance monitor, IPFPM) method, (in-situ flow information test, IFIT) method, two-way active measurement protocol (TWAMP) method, one-way active measurement protocol (OWAMP) method, and PING Method (PING is the PING protocol to check whether the network is connected).
  • IOAM in-situ operation administration and maintenance
  • IPFPM Internet protocol flow performance measurement
  • IFIT in-situ flow information test
  • TWAMP two-way active measurement protocol
  • OAM two-way active measurement protocol
  • PING PING is the PING protocol to check whether the network is connected.
  • the OAM configuration information may further include at least one of the following information: the measurement object of the OAM, the measurement granularity, and the measurement frequency.
  • the measurement object of OAM may include at least one of delay, packet loss rate, and available bandwidth; the measurement granularity of OAM may include flow-by-stream or packet-by-packet; the measurement frequency of OAM may be that of data packets (or measurement packets). Send frequency.
  • OAM when OAM is performed on the network, OAM can be performed based on the actual service of the target application (which can be understood as flow-by-flow measurement), or the forwarding path corresponding to the target application can be actively performed. OAM (can be understood as path measurement).
  • OAM configuration information may include measurement granularity, and the OAM measurement methods may include IOAM, IPFPM, and IFIT; when active OAM is performed on the forwarding path of the target application, the above OAM configuration
  • the information can include measurement frequency, and OAM measurement methods can include TWAMP, OWAMP, and PING methods.
  • the first network device forwards the OAM configuration information to the second network device.
  • the first network device after the first network device determines the OAM configuration information, the first network device encapsulates the OAM configuration information into the received message, and forwards it to the second network device, so that the second network device The device collects OAM information according to the OAM configuration information.
  • the OAM information collected by the network device is also different.
  • the OAM measurement object is time delay
  • the OAM information collected by the network device may include: time Stamp, node ID, and interface ID, where the interface ID may include the inbound and outbound interfaces of the message, and the timestamp may include the time when the message arrives at the inbound interface and the time when the message leaves the outbound interface.
  • the controller can determine the delay in the forwarding process of the message of the target application according to the timestamp, such as the delay from the head node to the tail node or the delay between two adjacent nodes.
  • the OAM information collected by the network device may include: a node ID, an interface ID, and a serial number.
  • the controller can compare the sequence number of the data packet sent by the sending end with the sequence number of the data packet received by the receiving end to determine the number of lost data packets, thereby determining the packet loss rate.
  • the OAM method of the network provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include S103:
  • the first network device receives a message, where the message includes feature information of the target application.
  • the message received by the first network device is a message of the target application, and the message includes an information header of the target application (hereinafter referred to as APP information header), and the APP header contains characteristic information of the target application.
  • the first network device decapsulates the message, and obtains the characteristic information of the target application from the APP information header.
  • the above-mentioned message when OAM is performed based on the actual service of the target application, the above-mentioned message may be a message corresponding to the actual service of the target application; when active OAM is performed on the forwarding path corresponding to the target application, the above The message is a test message.
  • the first network device determines OAM configuration information of the target application according to the characteristic information of the target application.
  • the feature information of the target application may include service requirement information of the target application or identification information of the target application. That is, the APP information header of the message received by the first network device contains the service requirement information of the target application or the identification information of the target application (denoted as APP ID in the following embodiments), and the first network device decapsulates the received message , Obtain the service requirement information of the target application or the identification information of the target application from the APP information header of the message.
  • the foregoing service requirement information may also be referred to as a service level agreement (SLA) parameter), and the service requirement information may include, but is not limited to, at least one of delay information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the delay information may include one or more of end-to-end delay, hop-by-hop delay, and forwarding delay; the packet loss information may include a packet loss rate; and the bandwidth information may include available bandwidth.
  • the aforementioned service demand information may also include the upper limit of the delay information and/or the upper limit of the packet loss information, for example, including the maximum end-to-end delay less than 3 milliseconds and/or the maximum packet loss rate less than 0.0001 .
  • the above-mentioned service requirement information may also include the color information of the service requirement (also referred to as SLA color), and the color information of the service requirement may implicitly indicate the above-mentioned delay information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • SLA color the color information of the service requirement
  • the color information of the service requirement may implicitly indicate the above-mentioned delay information, packet loss information, and bandwidth information.
  • the first network device receives a message, where the message includes service requirement information of the target application.
  • the first network device determines the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the service requirement information of the target application.
  • the first network device may determine OAM configuration information according to the content of the service requirement information. For example, when performing OAM based on the actual business of the target application, if the service requirement information is that the maximum packet loss rate is less than a certain value, the first The network device can determine the measurement object in the OAM configuration information as the packet loss rate according to the target application's requirement for the packet loss rate (that is, the maximum packet loss rate needs to be less than a certain value), and determine the OAM measurement when performing OAM for the packet loss rate Method and measurement granularity; when active OAM is performed based on the forwarding path corresponding to the target application, if the service demand information is delay and the maximum end-to-end delay is less than a certain value, the first network device will be based on the target application's demand for delay (ie The maximum end-to-end delay needs to be less than a certain value), determine the measurement object in the OAM configuration information as the delay, and determine the OAM measurement method and measurement frequency when OAM is performed for
  • the first network device may determine whether to perform OAM based on the actual service of the target application or based on the forwarding path corresponding to the target application according to the strictness of the target application's requirements for delay, packet loss rate, etc.
  • Perform OAM that is, perform flow-by-stream measurement or active measurement.
  • OAM can be performed based on the actual business of the target application. , And carry the service demand information of the target application’s packet loss rate requirements in the target application’s message, and then determine the OAM configuration information (including measurement method, measurement object, and measurement granularity).
  • the OAM measurement method is IPFPM
  • the object of OAM is the packet loss rate
  • the measurement granularity of OAM is packet-by-packet.
  • OAM can be performed based on the actual business of the target application, and The message of the target application carries the service demand information of the target application's delay requirements, and then determines the OAM configuration information (including measurement method, measurement object, and measurement granularity).
  • the measurement method of OAM is IOAM
  • the object of OAM It is time delay
  • the measurement granularity of OAM is packet by packet.
  • the first network device may select an OAM measurement method that is not sensitive to delay, for example, the TWAMP method, and because the target application does not require high delay, a lower measurement frequency may be used.
  • the service requirements (delay, packet loss rate, bandwidth, etc.) of the target application are different, and the corresponding OAM configuration information can be different. Specifically, it can be selected according to actual usage conditions, which is not limited in the embodiment of this application.
  • the OAM measurement method in the OAM configuration information of the target application can also be determined according to whether the network device supports a certain OAM measurement method. For example, a certain network device only supports the IOAM method.
  • the OAM measurement mode in the OAM configuration information of the target application is the IOAM mode.
  • the first network device determines OAM configuration information for the target application according to the service requirement information of the target application carried in the data message (for example, different service requirements may correspond to different OAM configuration information).
  • the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the first network device After the first network device determines the OAM configuration information according to the service requirement information of the target application, the first network device carries the OAM configuration information in the received message and forwards it to the second network device.
  • the first network device carries OAM configuration information in the message. Specifically, the first network device adds an OAM header to the message it receives and encapsulates the OAM configuration information Enter the OAM header of the message, and then forward the message to the second network device.
  • a network device receives a packet sent by its previous hop network device, and if the network device is configured to collect OAM information, the network device decapsulates the received packet to obtain OAM configuration information, And collect OAM information according to the OAM configuration information, and then the network device encapsulates the OAM information into the OAM header of the message, and then sends the message containing the OAM configuration information and OAM information to the next hop network device of the network device; otherwise , The network device does not collect OAM information, and directly forwards the message containing the OAM configuration information to the next-hop network device of the network device.
  • the first network device is the ingress node of the OAM domain
  • the next hop node of the first network device is the second network device
  • the next hop node of the second network device is the third network device.
  • the network device is the egress node of the OAM domain. Take the situation where the first network device, the second network device, and the third network device all need to collect OAM information as an example. As shown in Figure 7, the OAM information collection process is described in conjunction with the message forwarding process. Specifically:
  • the first network device may collect OAM information according to the OAM configuration information.
  • the OAM information collected by the first network device is recorded as the first OAM information, and then the first A network device encapsulates the OAM configuration information and the first OAM information into a message (for details, refer to the description of the above embodiment.
  • the first network device adds an OAM header to the message it receives, and combines the OAM configuration information and the first OAM message.
  • An OAM information is encapsulated in the OAM header of the message), and then sent to the second network device. So far, it can be understood that the message sent by the first network device to the second network device carries the OAM configuration information and the first OAM information.
  • the second network device After receiving the message sent by the first network device, the second network device decapsulates the message to obtain OAM configuration information, and collects OAM information according to the OAM configuration information.
  • the OAM information collected by the second network device is recorded as Second OAM information, and then the second network device encapsulates the second OAM information into the message it receives (specifically, the second network device encapsulates the second OAM information into the OAM header of the message), and then sends it To the third network device.
  • the message sent by the second network device to the third network device carries OAM configuration information, first OAM information, and second OAM information.
  • the third network device After the third network device receives the message sent by the second network device, it decapsulates the message to obtain OAM configuration information, and collects OAM information according to the OAM configuration information.
  • the OAM information collected by the third network device is recorded as the first Three OAM information.
  • the third network device has obtained the first OAM information, the second OAM information, and the third OAM information, and the third network device sends the first OAM information, the second OAM information, and the third OAM information to The controller in the network; or the third network device encapsulates the third OAM information into the OAM header of the message, and sends the OAM header containing the first OAM information, the second OAM information, and the third OAM information to the control in the network Then, the controller analyzes the OAM information to determine the running status of the target application.
  • the first network device receives a message, where the message includes identification information of the target application.
  • the first network device determines the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the identification information of the target application.
  • the corresponding relationship between the identification information of the application and the OAM configuration information is configured on the first network device. After the first network device obtains the identification information of the target application, it is based on the difference between the identification information of the application and the OAM configuration information. The corresponding relationship between the two is first matched to the identification information of the target application, and then it is determined that the OAM configuration information corresponding to the identification information of the target application is the OAM configuration information of the target application.
  • Table 1 is an example of the correspondence between the identification information of the application and the OAM configuration information.
  • OAM configuration information 5 OAM configuration information 1 OAM configuration information 1 ID 2 OAM configuration information 2 ID 3 OAM configuration information 3 ID 4 OAM configuration information 4 ID 5 OAM configuration information 5
  • the APP ID obtained by the first network device from the message is ID 3, and the first network device can determine that the OAM configuration information of the target application is OAM configuration information 3 in Table 1.
  • the first network device when it matches the identification information of the target application (for example, there is no identification of the target application in Table 1 above). Information), the first network device forwards the determined OAM identification information to the second network device, so that the second network device can obtain OAM configuration information and determine whether to collect OAM information (that is, whether to perform the OAM function) according to the actual situation, In the same way, other subsequent network devices can also obtain OAM configuration information and determine whether to collect OAM information.
  • the first network device does not match the identification information of the target application
  • the first network device, the second network device, and other subsequent network devices do not collect OAM information (that is, do not perform the OAM function), and only forward the message normally.
  • the message received by the first network device may include the OAM measurement mode in the OAM configuration information, that is, the OAM measurement mode can be pre-configured and carried in the message
  • the first network device can obtain the OAM measurement mode after receiving the message (for example, the OAM measurement mode is specified as the IOAM mode in the message).
  • the first network device obtains it from the message After the service requirement information of the target application or the identification information of the target application is reached, other information in the OAM configuration information (such as measurement object, measurement granularity, or measurement frequency) is determined according to the service requirement information of the target application or the identification information of the target application, Further, in the case that the first network device does not need to collect OAM information, the first network device forwards the OAM configuration information to the second network device; in the case that the first network device needs to collect OAM information, the first network device The configuration information collects OAM information, and forwards the OAM configuration information and OAM information to the second network device.
  • other information in the OAM configuration information such as measurement object, measurement granularity, or measurement frequency
  • the first network device only encapsulates the determined OAM measurement object, OAM measurement granularity or measurement frequency into the message (due to the message The OAM measurement method has been included in the article).
  • the first network device determines OAM configuration information for the target application according to the service requirement information of the target application carried in the data message (for example, different service requirements may correspond to different OAM configuration information).
  • the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the first network device determines the OAM configuration information for the target application according to the identification information of the target application carried in the data message (for example, different applications can configure different OAM configuration information).
  • the OAM configuration method is more flexible.
  • the OAM method of the network provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include S104:
  • the first network device obtains enabling information.
  • the enabling information is used to instruct the first network device to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application.
  • the foregoing enabling information is a kind of indication information (for example, an instruction), and the enabling information may be carried in a message received by the first network device; or, the enabling information may be Pre-configured on the first network device.
  • indication information for example, an instruction
  • the first network device may determine whether it is necessary to determine the OAM configuration information of the target application according to the value of the indication information.
  • “0” or “1” may be used to represent the foregoing enabling information.
  • “1” may be used to indicate enable, that is, the first network device needs to determine OAM configuration information, or "0" may be used to indicate enable.
  • the embodiments of the present application may also use other flags that meet actual use requirements to set the foregoing enabling information, and the embodiments of the present application will not list them one by one.
  • “1” may be used to indicate enable
  • “0” may be used to indicate disabling, that is, when the value of the enable information is 1, the first network device determines the OAM configuration information, and the value of the enable information When the value is 0, the first network device is not sure about the OAM configuration information, and only forwards the message normally.
  • the identification information of the target application may be used as the enabling information.
  • the first network device determines the target application's ID OAM configuration information, and forward the message containing OAM configuration information to the second network device; when the message received by the first network device does not contain the APP ID (or the APP ID is empty), the first network device is not sure about the target application OAM configuration information, only forwards packets.
  • the first network device in the network determines the OAM configuration information of the target application, and the first network device forwards the OAM configuration information to the second network device. It can be seen that through the embodiment of the present application The technical solution can determine the OAM configuration information for the target application. Thus, the OAM configuration method is more flexible. Further, the network device in the network that needs to collect OAM information completes the collection and reporting of OAM information according to the OAM configuration information. Since the OAM configuration information determined by the first network device is determined based on the characteristic information of the target application, the OAM configuration information is determined based on the OAM configuration information. The OAM information collected by the configuration information can reflect the operating status of the target application more accurately to a certain extent, and therefore can improve the OAM effect of the network.
  • the embodiment of the present application may divide the first network device into functional modules according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each functional module may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, and is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.
  • FIG. 10 shows a possible schematic structural diagram of the first network device involved in the above embodiment.
  • the first network device may include: The determining module 1001 and the sending module 1002.
  • the determining module 1001 can be used to support the first network device to execute S101 in the above method embodiment (including S1011, S1011 can be replaced with S1011a or S1011b); the sending module 1002 can be used to support the first network device to execute the above method embodiment S102 in.
  • the first network device may further include a receiving module 1003, and the receiving module 1003 may be used to support the first network device to execute S103 in the foregoing method embodiment (which can be replaced by S1031 or S1032). ).
  • the first network device may further include an obtaining module 1004, and the obtaining module 1004 may be used to support the first network device to execute S104 in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a possible structure of the first network device involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the first network device may include: a processing module 2001 and a communication module 2002.
  • the processing module 2001 can be used to control and manage the actions of the device.
  • the processing module 2001 can be used to support the first network device to execute S101 (including S1011, S1011 can be replaced by S1011a or S1011b) and S104, and/or other processes used in the techniques described herein.
  • the communication module 2002 may be used to support the communication between the first network device and other network entities.
  • the communication module 2002 may be used for the device to execute S102 and S103 in the foregoing method embodiment (which can be replaced by S1031 or S1032).
  • the first network device may further include a storage module 2003 for storing program codes and data of the first network device.
  • the processing module 2001 may be a processor or a controller (for example, the processor 20 shown in FIG. 2), for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, or a digital signal processor. (digital signal processor, DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any of them combination. It can implement or execute various exemplary logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing processor may also be a combination for realizing calculation functions, for example, including a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of DSP and microprocessor, and so on.
  • the communication module 2002 may be a transceiver, a transceiver circuit or a communication interface (for example, it may be the interface 22 shown in FIG. 2).
  • the storage module 2003 may be a memory (for example, it may be the above-mentioned memory 21 shown in FIG. 2).
  • the processing module 2001 is a processor
  • the communication module 2002 is a transceiver
  • the storage module 2003 is a memory
  • the processor, the transceiver, and the memory may be connected through a bus.
  • the bus may be a peripheral component interconnect standard (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect standard
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • a software program it can be implemented in the form of a computer program product in whole or in part.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instruction may be transmitted from a website, a computer, a server, or a data center through a cable (Such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) to another website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a magnetic disk, a tape), an optical medium (for example, a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state drive (SSD)), etc. .
  • a magnetic medium for example, a floppy disk, a magnetic disk, a tape
  • an optical medium for example, a digital video disc (DVD)
  • DVD digital video disc
  • SSD solid state drive
  • the disclosed system, device, and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, for example, multiple units or components may be divided. Combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium , Including several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: flash memory, mobile hard disk, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种网络的OAM方法及装置，涉及计算机技术领域，能够确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，即针对目标应用实施特定的OAM，从而提升网络的OAM的效果。该方法包括：第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，该OAM配置信息包括OAM的测量方式；并且该第一网络设备转发该OAM配置信息至第二网络设备。

Description

一种网络的OAM方法及装置
本申请要求于2019年09月24日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为201910906580.3、申请名称为“一种转发报文的方法、设备和系统”的中国专利申请和2019年10月17日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为201910988464.0、申请名称为“一种网络的OAM方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及计算机技术领域，尤其涉及一种网络的OAM方法及装置。
背景技术
网络的管理工作包括操作(operation)、管理(administration)、维护(maintenance)，简称操作维护管理(OAM)，OAM可以完成故障检测、路径发现、故障定位以及性能监控，从而实现对网络的分析、预测、规划以及配置，并且可以对网络及其业务进行测试和故障管理。
对网络进行OAM可以包括：在转发报文的过程中，转发路径上的设备(例如交换机或者路由器)采集OAM信息并上报给网络中的控制器，控制器对OAM信息进行分析以评估网络状态。目前，可以对特定的数据流按照预设的OAM策略(包括OAM方法、内容以及频率)采集OAM信息，示例性的，如图1所示，通过服务器1向服务器2发送数据的过程中，数据传输的路径是节点1、节点2、节点3以及节点5，在节点2上配置数据流所对应的OAM策略，节点2接收到数据流之后，确定该数据流对应的OAM策略，并根据该OAM策略采集OAM信息，并将OAM策略以及OAM信息转发到节点3，节点3根据OAM策略采集OAM信息之后发送到节点5，同理，节点5也采集到OAM信息，至此，节点5可以得到节点2、节点3以及节点5采集的OAM信息，进而将所有的OAM信息发送给控制器。
然而，仅按照数据流对应的OAM策略采集OAM信息，由于该OAM策略的配置不够灵活，可能不适合实际应用(application，APP)，使得采集的OAM信息的针对性不强，因此导致OAM的效果较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种网络的OAM方法及装置，能够确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，从而提升网络的OAM的效果。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种网络的操作管理维护OAM方法，该方法包括：第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，该OAM配置信息包括OAM的测量方式；并且第一网络设备转发OAM配置信息至第二网络设备。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备确定出OAM配置信息之后，该第一网络设备将该OAM配置信息封装到其接收到的报文中，并转发给第二网络设备，以使得第二网络设备根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息。
通过该方法，能够实施针对特定的目标应用的OAM，提高OAM的针对性，改善OAM效果。
一种可能的实现方式中，在上述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息之前，本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法还可以包括：第一网络设备接收报文，该报文包括目标应用的特征信息。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备接收的报文是目标应用的报文，该报文包括目标应用的信息头(以下均称为APP信息头)，该APP头中包含目标应用的特征信息，第一网络设备接收到报文后，解封装该报文，从APP信息头中获得目标应用的特征信息。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM时，上述报文可以是目标应用的实际业务对应的报文；对目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM时，上述报文是一种测试报文。
上述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息的方法具体可以包括：第一网络设备根据目标应用的特征信息，确定该目标应用的OAM配置信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述目标应用的特征信息为目标应用的服务需求信息。如此，上述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息的方法具体可以包括：第一网络设备根据报文中目标应用的服务需求信息，确定该目标应用的OAM配置信息。
本申请实施例中，上述报文的APP信息头中包含目标应用的服务需求信息(也可以成为SLA参数)，第一网络设备解封装其接收到的报文，从该报文的APP信息头中获取该服务需求信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述目标应用的服务需求信息包括时延信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的至少一种。
该服务需求信息也可以称为SLA参数，其中，时延信息可以包括端到端时延、逐跳时延以及转发时延中的一种或者多种；丢包信息可以包括丢包率；带宽信息可以包括可用带宽。
可选的，上述服务需求信息还可以包括时延信息的上限值和/或丢包信息的上限值，例如，包括最大端到端时延小于3毫秒和/或最大丢包率小于0.0001。
可选的，上述服务需求信息还可以包括服务需求的颜色信息(也可以称为SLA color)，该服务需求的颜色信息可以隐式指示上述时延信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的一种或多种。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备可以根据服务需求信息的内容，确定OAM配置信息，例如，基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM时，若服务需求信息为最大丢包率小于某值，第一网络设备可以根据该目标应用对丢包率的需求(即最大丢包率需要小于某值)，确定OAM配置信息中的测量对象为丢包率，并且确定针对丢包率进行OAM时OAM的测量方式以及测量粒度；基于目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM时，若服务需求信息为时延且最大端到端时延小于某值，第一网络设备根据目标应用对时延的需求(即最大端到端时延需要小于某值)，确定OAM配置信息中的测量对象为时延，并且确定针对时延进行OAM时的OAM的测量方式以及测量频率。
通过该方法，第一网络设备根据数据报文中携带的目标应用的服务需求信息，确 定针对该目标应用的OAM配置信息(例如不同的服务需求可以对应不同的OAM配置信息)。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述目标应用的特征信息为目标应用的标识信息。如此，上述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息的方法具体可以包括：第一网络设备根据报文中目标应用的标识信息，确定该目标应用的OAM配置信息。
本申请实施例中，上述报文的APP信息头中包含目标应用的标识信息(记为APP ID)，第一网络设备解封装其接收到的报文，从该报文的APP信息头中获取该APP ID。
本申请实施例中，在第一网络设备上配置有应用的标识信息与OAM配置信息之间的对应关系，第一网络设备获取目标应用的标识信息之后，根据应用的标识信息与OAM配置信息之间的对应关系，先匹配到该目标应用的标识信息，进而确定该目标应用的标识信息所对应的OAM配置信息为目标应用的OAM配置信息。
本申请实施例中，上述第一网络设备根据其接收的报文中的APP ID，当匹配到目标应用的标识信息时，该第一网络设备将确定的OAM的标识信息转发至第二网络设备，如此第二网络设备可以获取OAM配置信息并根据实际情况确定是否采集OAM信息(即是否执行OAM功能)，同理，后续的其他网络设备也可以获取OAM配置信息并确定是否采集OAM信息。当第一网络设备未匹配到目标应用的标识信息时，第一网络设备、第二网络设备以及后续的其他网络设备均不采集OAM信息(即不执行OAM功能)，仅正常转发报文。
一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例可以预先配置网络中的哪些设备(即节点)需要采集OAM信息，也就是说，对网络中的每一个设备，可以配置该设备是否需要采集OAM信息，具体的，可以根据实际需求来配置哪些设备需要采集OAM信息，本申请实施例不作限定。
示例性的，一个网络设备接收到其上一跳网络设备发送的报文，若该网络设备被配置为需要采集OAM信息，则该网络设备解封装其接收到的报文，获得OAM配置信息，并根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息，然后该网络设备将OAM信息封装进报文的OAM头，再将包含OAM配置信息和OAM信息的报文发送至该网络设备的下一跳网络设备；否则，该网络设备不采集OAM信息，直接将包含OAM配置信息的报文转发至该网络设备的下一跳网络设备。
通过该方法，第一网络设备根据数据报文中携带的目标应用的标识信息，确定针对该目标应用的OAM配置信息(例如不同的应用可以配置不同的OAM配置信息)。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一网络设备接收的报文包括OAM的测量方式。
也就是说，OAM的测量方式可以预先配置好，并携带在报文中，如此，第一网络设备接收到报文之后可以获得OAM的测量方式。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述OAM测量方式包括下述方式中的至少一种：IOAM方式、IPFPM方式、IFIT方式、TWAMP方式、OWAMP方式以及PING方式。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述OAM配置信息还包括下述信息中的至少一种：OAM的测量对象、测量粒度以及测量频率。
应理解，OAM的测量对象可以包括时延、丢包率以及可用带宽中的至少一项； OAM的测量粒度可以包括逐流或逐包；OAM的测量频率可以为数据包(或者测量包)的发送频率。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，对网络进行OAM时，可以基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM(可以理解为逐(随)流测量)，也可以对目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM(可以理解为路径测量)。基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM时，上述OAM配置信息中可以包括测量粒度，OAM的测量方式可以包括IOAM方式、IPFPM方式以及IFIT方式；对目标应用的转发路径进行主动的OAM时，上述OAM配置信息中可以包括测量频率，OAM的测量方式可以包括TWAMP方式、OWAMP方式以及PING方式等。
应理解，报文中携带OAM的测量方式(例如在报文中指定OAM的测量方式为IOAM方式)时，第一网络设备从报文中获取到目标应用的服务需求信息或目标应用的标识信息之后，根据该目标应用的服务需求信息或目标应用的标识信息确定出OAM配置信息中的其他信息(例如测量对象、测量粒度或测量频率)。
本申请实施例中，上述第一网络设备确定出OAM配置信息之后，该第一网络设备将该OAM配置信息封装到其接收到的报文中，并转发给第二网络设备，以使得第二网络设备根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息。此处，需要说明的是，对于报文中携带OAM的测量方式的这种情况，仅将确定出的OAM的测量对象、OAM的测量粒度或测量频率封装进报文。
可选的，OAM的测量对象不同时，网络设备采集的OAM信息也不同，示例性的，在一种实现方式中，OAM的测量对象为时延时，网络设备采集的OAM信息可以包括：时间戳、节点ID以及接口ID，其中，接口ID可以包括报文的入接口和出接口，时间戳可以包括报文到达入接口的时间和报文离开出接口的时间。
一种可能的实现方式中，在第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息之前，本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法还可以包括：第一网络设备获取使能信息，该使能信息用于指示第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述使能信息携带在第一网络设备接收到的报文中；或者，该使能信息预先配置在第一网络设备上。
本申请实施例中，上述使能信息是一种指示信息(例如一个指令)，第一网络设备可以根据该指示信息的值判断是否需要确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。示例性的，可以采用“0”或“1”来表示上述使能信息。例如，可以采用“1”表示使能，即第一网络设备需要确定OAM配置信息，也可以采用“0”表示使能。当然，本申请实施例还可以采用其他满足实际使用需求的标志来设置上述使能信息，本申请实施例不再一一列举。
一种可能的实现方式中，可以将目标应用的标识信息作为使能指示信息。
本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法，网络中的第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，并且该第一网络设备转发该OAM配置信息至第二网络设备，可见，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，能够确定针对目标应用的OAM配置信息。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
进一步的，网络中需要采集OAM信息的网络设备根据该OAM配置信息完成OAM 信息的采集和上报，由于上述第一网络设备确定的OAM配置信息是基于目标应用的特征信息确定的，因此根据该OAM配置信息采集的OAM信息在一定程度上可以更加准确的反映目标应用的运行状态，因此能够提升网络的OAM的效果。
即通过本申请实施例提供过的网络的OAM方法，能够实施针对特定的目标应用的OAM，提高OAM的针对性，改善OAM效果。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种网络设备，该网络设备为第一网络设备，该网络设备包括确定模块和发送模块。其中，确定模块用于确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，该OAM配置信息包括OAM的测量方式；发送模块用于转发OAM配置信息至第二网络设备。
一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供的网络设备还包括接收模块；该接收模块用于接收报文，该报文包括目标应用的特征信息。如此，上述确定模块具体用于根据目标应用的特征信息，确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述目标应用的特征信息为该目标应用的服务需求信息。上述确定模块具体用于根据目标应用的服务需求信息，确定该目标应用的OAM配置信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述目标应用的服务需求信息包括时延信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的至少一种。
一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供的网络设备还包括接收模块；该接收模块用于接收报文，该报文包括目标应用的标识信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述目标应用的特征信息为该目标应用的标识信息。上述确定模块具体用于根据目标应用的标识信息，确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述第一网络设备接收的报文包括OAM的测量方式。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述OAM测量方式包括下述方式中的至少一种：IOAM方式、IPFPM方式、IFIT方式、TWAMP方式、OWAMP方式以及PING方式。
一种可能的实现方式中，上述OAM配置信息还包括下述信息中的至少一种：OAM的测量对象、测量粒度以及测量频率。
一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供过的网络设备还包括获取模块；该获取模块用于获取使能信息，该使能信息用于指示第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种网络设备，包括处理器和与该处理器耦合连接的存储器；该存储器用于存储计算机指令，当网络设备运行时，处理器执行存储器存储的所述计算机指令，以使得该网络设备执行上述第一方面及其可能的实现方式中任意之一所述的网络的OAM方法。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种网络设备，该网络设备以芯片的产品形态存在，该网络设备的结构中包括处理器和存储器，存储器用于与处理器耦合，存储器用于存储计算机指令，处理器用于执行存储器中存储的计算机指令，使得该网络设备执行上述第一方面及其可能的实现方式中任意之一所述的网络的OAM方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质可以包括计算机指令，当计算机指令在计算机上运行时，使得网络设备执行上述第一 方面及其可能的实现方式中任意之一所述的网络的OAM方法。
应当理解的是，本申请实施例的第二方面至第五方面技术方案及对应的可能的实施方式所取得的有益效果可以参见上述对第一方面及其对应的可能的实施方式的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法的应用场景；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种网络设备的硬件示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种网络的OAM方法示意图一；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种网络的OAM方法示意图二；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种网络的OAM方法示意图三；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种OAM配置信息的封装示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种OAM信息采集过程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种网络的OAM方法示意图四；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种网络的OAM方法示意图五；
图10为本申请实施例提供的第一网络设备的结构示意图一；
图11为本申请实施例提供的第一网络设备的结构示意图二。
具体实施方式
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是用于区别不同的对象，而不是用于描述对象的特定顺序。例如，第一网络设备和第二网络设备等是用于区别不同的网络设备，而不是用于描述网络设备的特定顺序。
在本申请实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指两个或两个以上。例如，多个处理单元是指两个或两个以上的处理单元；多个系统是指两个或两个以上的系统。
首先对本申请实施例提供的一种网络的OAM方法及装置中涉及的一些概念做解释说明。
OAM：操作维护管理，对网络进行OAM指的是网络设备采集OAM信息。OAM的定义如下：
(1)性能监控并产生维护信息，从而根据维护信息评估网络的稳定性；
(2)通过定期查询的方式检测网络故障，产生各种维护信息和告警信息；
(3)在发生网络故障时，将业务调度或切换到其他的实体，以保证网络的正常运行；
(4)将故障信息传递给管理实体(例如控制器)。
综上可知，网络的OAM可以包括故障检测、路径发现、故障定位以及性能监控，在下述实施例中，将结合本申请提供的技术方案详细介绍网络的OAM的过程。
OAM域：指的是网络中支持OAM功能(即支持采集OAM信息)的所有节点的集合，例如图1中的节点2、节点3以及节点5的集合就是一个OAM域，其中，节点2是该OAM域的入口节点(也可以称为头节点)，入口节点负责确定OAM配置信息，节点5是该OAM域的出口节点(也可以称为尾节点)，出口节点负责将OAM域中各个节点采集到的OAM信息上报给控制器。
基于背景技术存在的问题，本申请实施例提供一种网络的OAM方法及装置，网络中的第一网络设备可以确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，并且该第一网络设备转发该OAM配置信息至第二网络设备，可见，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，第一网络设备能够确定针对该目标应用的OAM配置信息。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
进一步的，网络中需要采集OAM信息的网络设备根据该OAM配置信息完成OAM信息的采集和上报，由于上述第一网络设备确定的OAM配置信息是基于目标应用的特征信息确定的，因此根据该OAM配置信息采集的OAM信息在一定程度上可以更加准确的反映目标应用的运行状态，因此能够提升网络的OAM的效果。
即通过本申请实施例提供过的网络的OAM方法，能够实施针对特定的目标应用的OAM，提高OAM的针对性，改善OAM效果。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，上述第一网络设备为目标应用(即目标APP)对应的一条转发路径上的头节点或入口节点(即网络中执行OAM功能的起始节点)，第二网络设备为第一网络设备的下一跳设备。可选的，第一网络设备和第二网络设备可以为路由设备或交换设备，例如路由器或交换机。
上述OAM配置信息用于网络中的网络设备采集OAM信息，OAM信息用于分析目标应用的运行状态(例如时延情况或丢包情况等等)。
示例性的，以第一网络设备为路由器为例对该第一网络设备的硬件结构进行示例性的说明。图2为本申请实施例提供的路由器的硬件示意图，如图2所示，本申请实施例提供的路由器包括：处理器20、存储器21和接口22等部件。下面对路由器的各个构成部件做示例性的说明。
处理器20：负责交换路由信息、路由表查找以及数据处理(包括封装或解封装)，如处理维护路由器所需的各种表格以及路由运算等。
存储器21：用于存储路由器的配置、操作系统、路由协议软件等。路由器中可以有多种内存，如只读内存储器(read only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、动态内存储器(DRAM)、闪存(Flash)等。
接口22：用于路由器发送和接收数据包。路由器中的接口22包括局域网接口和广域网接口，另外，路由器本身没有输入和终端显示设备，路由器接口中还包括控制端口，用于用户或管理员利用终端与路由器进行通信，完成路由器配置。
结合上述概念介绍和路由器的硬件结构的介绍，下面对本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法及装置进行详细介绍。
如图3所示，本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法可以包括S101-S102：
S101、第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
其中，OAM配置信息包括OAM的测量方式。
本申请实施例中，OAM的测量方式可以包括下述方式中的至少一种：带内操作维护管理(in-situ operation administration and maintenance，IOAM)方式、互联网协议流性能测量(IP flow performance monitor，IPFPM)方式、(in-situ flow information test，IFIT)方式、双向主动测量协议(two-way active measurement protocol，TWAMP)方式、单向主动测量协议(one-way active measurement protocol，OWAMP)方式以及PING方式(PING即检查网络是否连通的PING协议)。
可选的，本申请实施例中，OAM配置信息还可以包括下述信息中的至少一种：OAM的测量对象、测量粒度以及测量频率。
应理解，OAM的测量对象可以包括时延、丢包率以及可用带宽中的至少一项；OAM的测量粒度可以包括逐流或逐包；OAM的测量频率可以为数据包(或者测量包)的发送频率。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，对网络进行OAM时，可以基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM(可以理解为逐(随)流测量)，也可以对目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM(可以理解为路径测量)。基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM时，上述OAM配置信息中可以包括测量粒度，OAM的测量方式可以包括IOAM方式、IPFPM方式以及IFIT方式；对目标应用的转发路径进行主动的OAM时，上述OAM配置信息中可以包括测量频率，OAM的测量方式可以包括TWAMP方式、OWAMP方式以及PING方式等。
S102、第一网络设备转发OAM配置信息至第二网络设备。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备确定出OAM配置信息之后，该第一网络设备将该OAM配置信息封装到其接收到的报文中，并转发给第二网络设备，以使得第二网络设备根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息。
可选的，OAM的测量对象不同时，网络设备采集的OAM信息也不同，示例性的，在一种实现方式中，OAM的测量对象为时延时，网络设备采集的OAM信息可以包括：时间戳、节点ID以及接口ID，其中，接口ID可以包括报文的入接口和出接口，时间戳可以包括报文到达入接口的时间和报文离开出接口的时间。控制器可以根据时间戳确定目标应用的报文在转发过程中的时延，例如头结点至尾节点的时延或相邻两个节点之间的时延等。在一种实现方式中，OAM的测量对象为丢包率时，网络设备采集的OAM信息可以包括：节点ID、接口ID以及序列号。控制器可以对比发送端发送的数据包的序列号和接收端接收的数据包的序列号，确定出丢失的数据包的数量，从而确定出丢包率。
可选的，结合图3，如图4所示，在上述S101之前，本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法还可以包括S103：
S103、第一网络设备接收报文，该报文包括目标应用的特征信息。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备接收的报文是目标应用的报文，该报文包括目标应用的信息头(以下均称为APP信息头)，该APP头中包含目标应用的特征信息，第一网络设备接收到报文后，解封装该报文，从APP信息头中获得目标应用的特征信 息。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM时，上述报文可以是目标应用的实际业务对应的报文；对目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM时，上述报文是一种测试报文。
如图4所示，上述S101具体可以通过S1011实现：
S1011、第一网络设备根据目标应用的特征信息，确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
具体的，上述目标应用的特征信息可以包括该目标应用的服务需求信息或者该目标应用的标识信息。即第一网络设备接收的报文的APP信息头中包含目标应用的服务需求信息或目标应用的标识信息(以下实施例中记为APP ID)，第一网络设备解封装其接收到的报文，从该报文的APP信息头中获取目标应用的服务需求信息或目标应用的标识信息。
上述服务需求信息也可以称为服务等级协议SLA(service level agreement，SLA)参数)，服务需求信息可以包括但不限于时延信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的至少一种。其中，时延信息可以包括端到端时延、逐跳时延以及转发时延中的一种或者多种；丢包信息可以包括丢包率；带宽信息可以包括可用带宽。
可选的，上述服务需求信息还可以包括时延信息的上限值和/或丢包信息的上限值，例如，包括最大端到端时延小于3毫秒和/或最大丢包率小于0.0001。
在一种实现方式中，上述服务需求信息还可以包括服务需求的颜色信息(也可以称为SLA color)，该服务需求的颜色信息可以隐式指示上述时延信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的一种或多种。
结合图4，如图5所示，在一种实现方式中，上述S103可以替换为S1031，S1011可以替换为S1011a：
S1031、第一网络设备接收报文，该报文包括目标应用的服务需求信息。
S1011a、第一网络设备根据目标应用的服务需求信息，确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备可以根据服务需求信息的内容，确定OAM配置信息，例如，基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM时，若服务需求信息为最大丢包率小于某值，第一网络设备可以根据该目标应用对丢包率的需求(即最大丢包率需要小于某值)，确定OAM配置信息中的测量对象为丢包率，并且确定针对丢包率进行OAM时OAM的测量方式以及测量粒度；基于目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM时，若服务需求信息为时延且最大端到端时延小于某值，第一网络设备根据目标应用对时延的需求(即最大端到端时延需要小于某值)，确定OAM配置信息中的测量对象为时延，并且确定针对时延进行OAM时的OAM的测量方式以及测量频率。
可选的，本申请实施例中，第一网络设备可以根据目标应用对时延、丢包率等的要求的严格程度来确定基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM还是基于对目标应用对应的转发路径进行OAM，即进行逐流测量还是主动测量。
在一种示例中，交互式网络电视(IPTV)、流媒体等应用对丢包比较敏感，严重的丢包可能带来马赛克等不可接受的后果，此时，可以基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM，并且在目标应用的报文中携带目标应用对丢包率的要求的服务需求信息，进而 确定出OAM的配置信息(包括测量方式、测量对象以及测量粒度)，例如，OAM的测量方式为IPFPM，OAM的对象为丢包率，OAM的测量粒度为逐包。
在另一种示例中，直播、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)等应用对时延比较敏感，时延过大可能引起用户体验较差，此时，可以基于目标应用的实际业务进行OAM，并且在目标应用的报文中携带目标应用对时延的要求的服务需求信息，进而确定出OAM配置信息(包括测量方式、测量对象以及测量粒度)，例如，OAM的测量方式为IOAM，OAM的对象为时延，OAM的测量粒度为逐包。
本申请实施例中，以对目标应用对应的转发路径进行主动的OAM为例，上述服务需求信息为时延，并且目标应用对时延的要求比较低，例如最大端到端时延小于50毫秒，此时，第一网络设备可以选择一种对时延不敏感的OAM的测量方式，例如，TWAMP方式，并且由于目标应用对时延的要求不高，因此可以采用较低的测量频率。
应理解，目标应用的服务需求(时延、丢包率或带宽等)不同，对应的OAM配置信息可以不同，具体的，可以根据实际使用情况选择，本申请实施例不作限定。
可选的，本申请实施例中，还可以根据网络设备是否支持某种OAM的测量方式来确定目标应用的OAM配置信息中的OAM的测量方式，例如，某一网络设备仅支持IOAM方式，则目标应用的OAM配置信息中OAM的测量方式为IOAM方式。
综上所述，第一网络设备根据数据报文中携带的目标应用的服务需求信息，确定针对目标应用的OAM配置信息(例如不同的服务需求可以对应不同的OAM配置信息)。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
本申请实施例中，上述第一网络设备根据目标应用的服务需求信息确定出OAM配置信息之后，第一网络设备将OAM配置信息携带在其接收到的报文中转发至第二网络设备。示例性的，可以结合图6来理解第一网络设备在报文中如何携带OAM配置信息，具体的，第一网络设备在其接收到的报文中添加OAM头，并将该OAM配置信息封装进报文的OAM头，进而将报文转发至第二网络设备。
可选的，本申请实施例中，可以预先配置网络中的哪些设备(即节点)需要采集OAM信息，也就是说，对网络中的每一个设备，可以配置该设备是否需要采集OAM信息，具体的，可以根据实际需求来配置哪些设备需要采集OAM信息，本申请实施例不作限定。
示例性的，一个网络设备接收到其上一跳网络设备发送的报文，若该网络设备被配置为需要采集OAM信息，则该网络设备解封装其接收到的报文，获得OAM配置信息，并根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息，然后该网络设备将OAM信息封装进报文的OAM头，再将包含OAM配置信息和OAM信息的报文发送至该网络设备的下一跳网络设备；否则，该网络设备不采集OAM信息，直接将包含OAM配置信息的报文转发至该网络设备的下一跳网络设备。
本申请实施例中，假设第一网络设备是OAM域的入口节点，第一网络设备的下一跳节点是第二网络设备，第二网络设备的下一跳节点是第三网络设备，该第三网络设备为OAM域的出口节点。以该第一网络设备、第二网络设备以及第三网络设备均需要采集OAM信息的情况为例，如图7所示，结合报文的转发过程来说明OAM信息的采集过程，具体的：
第一网络设备确定出目标应用的OAM配置信息之后，该第一网络设备可以根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息，此处将该第一网络设备采集的OAM信息记为第一OAM信息，然后第一网络设备将该OAM配置信息和第一OAM信息封装进报文(具体的，参见上述实施例的描述，第一网络设备在其接收到的报文中添加OAM头，将OAM配置信息和第一OAM信息封装进报文的OAM头中)，再发送至第二网络设备。至此，可以理解的是，第一网络设备发送给第二网络设备的报文中携带有OAM配置信息和第一OAM信息。
第二网络设备接收到第一网络设备发送的报文之后，解封装该报文获得OAM配置信息，并根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息，此处将该第二网络设备采集的OAM信息记为第二OAM信息，然后第二网络设备将该第二OAM信息封装进其接收到的报文中(具体的，第二网络设备将第二OAM信息封装进报文的OAM头中)，再发送至第三网络设备。至此，可以理解的是，第二网络设备发送给第三网络设备的报文中携带有OAM配置信息、第一OAM信息以及第二OAM信息。
第三网络设备接收到第二网络设备发送的报文之后，解封装该报文获得OAM配置信息，并根据该OAM配置信息采集OAM信息，此处将第三网络设备采集的OAM信息记为第三OAM信息，至此，可知第三网络设备已获得第一OAM信息、第二OAM信息以及第三OAM信息，进而第三网络设备将第一OAM信息、第二OAM信息以及第三OAM信息发送给网络中的控制器；或者第三网络设备将第三OAM信息封装进报文OAM头中，并且将包含第一OAM信息、第二OAM信息以及第三OAM信息的OAM头发送给网络中的控制器，进而由控制器对OAM信息进行分析，以确定目标应用的运行状态。
结合图4，如图8所示，在另一种实现方式中，上述S103可以替换为S1032，S1011可以替换为S1011b：
S1032、第一网络设备接收报文，该报文包括目标应用的标识信息。
S1011b、第一网络设备根据目标应用的标识信息，确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
本申请实施例中，在第一网络设备上配置有应用的标识信息与OAM配置信息之间的对应关系，第一网络设备获取目标应用的标识信息之后，根据应用的标识信息与OAM配置信息之间的对应关系，先匹配到该目标应用的标识信息，进而确定该目标应用的标识信息所对应的OAM配置信息为目标应用的OAM配置信息。
示例性的，表1为应用的标识信息与OAM配置信息之间的对应关系的一种示例。
表1
APP ID OAM配置信息
ID 1 OAM配置信息1
ID 2 OAM配置信息2
ID 3 OAM配置信息3
ID 4 OAM配置信息4
ID 5 OAM配置信息5
结合表1，第一网络设备从报文中获取的APP ID为ID 3，则第一网络设备可以确 定目标应用的OAM配置信息为表1中的OAM配置信息3。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，上述第一网络设备根据其接收的报文中的APP ID，当匹配到目标应用的标识信息(例如，在上述表1中不存在该目标应用的标识信息)时，该第一网络设备将确定的OAM的标识信息转发至第二网络设备，如此第二网络设备可以获取OAM配置信息并根据实际情况确定是否采集OAM信息(即是否执行OAM功能)，同理，后续的其他网络设备也可以获取OAM配置信息并确定是否采集OAM信息。当第一网络设备未匹配到目标应用的标识信息时，第一网络设备、第二网络设备以及后续的其他网络设备均不采集OAM信息(即不执行OAM功能)，仅正常转发报文。
结合上述S1011a或S1011b的描述，可选的，第一网络设备接收的报文中可以包括OAM配置信息中的OAM测量方式，也就是说，OAM的测量方式可以预先配置好，并携带在报文中，如此，第一网络设备接收到报文之后可以获得OAM的测量方式(例如在报文中指定OAM的测量方式为IOAM方式)，在这种情况下，第一网络设备从报文中获取到目标应用的服务需求信息或目标应用的标识信息之后，根据该目标应用的服务需求信息或目标应用的标识信息确定出OAM配置信息中的其他信息(例如测量对象、测量粒度或测量频率)，进一步的，在第一网络设备无需采集OAM信息的情况下，第一网络设备将OAM配置信息转发至第二网络设备；在第一网络设备需要采集OAM信息的情况下，第一网络设备根据OAM配置信息采集OAM信息，并将OAM配置信息和OAM信息转发至第二网络设备。
此处，需要说明的是，对于报文中携带OAM的测量方式的这种情况，第一网络设备仅将确定出的OAM的测量对象、OAM的测量粒度或测量频率封装进报文(由于报文中已经包含了OAM的测量方式了)。
综上所述，第一网络设备根据数据报文中携带的目标应用的服务需求信息，确定针对目标应用的OAM配置信息(例如不同的服务需求可以对应不同的OAM配置信息)。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
综上所述，第一网络设备根据数据报文中携带的目标应用的标识信息，确定针对目标应用的OAM配置信息(例如不同的应用可以配置不同的OAM配置信息)。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。
可选的，结合图3，如图9所示，在上述S101之前，本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法还可以包括S104：
S104、第一网络设备获取使能信息。
该使能信息用于指示第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。
可选的，本申请实施例中，上述使能信息是一种指示信息(例如一个指令)，该使能信息可以携带在第一网络设备接收到的报文中；或者，该使能信息可以预先配置在第一网络设备上。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备可以根据该指示信息的值判断是否需要确定目标应用的OAM配置信息。示例性的，可以采用“0”或“1”来表示上述使能信息。例如，可以采用“1”表示使能，即第一网络设备需要确定OAM配置信息，也可以采用“0”表示使能。当然，本申请实施例还可以采用其他满足实际使用需求的标志来设置 上述使能信息，本申请实施例不再一一列举。
在一种实现方式中，可以采用“1”表示使能，采用“0”表示不使能，即该使能信息的值为1时，第一网络设备确定OAM配置信息，该使能信息的值为0时，第一网络设备不确定OAM配置信息，仅正常转发报文。
可选的，本申请实施例中，可以将目标应用的标识信息作为使能信息，在这种情况下，第一网络设备接收的报文中包含APP ID时，第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，并将包含OAM配置信息的报文转发至第二网络设备；第一网络设备接收的报文中不包含APP ID(或者APP ID为空)时，第一网络设备不确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，仅转发报文。
本申请实施例提供的网络的OAM方法，网络中的第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，并且该第一网络设备转发该OAM配置信息至第二网络设备，可见，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，能够确定针对目标应用的OAM配置信息。从而，使得OAM的配置方式更加灵活。进一步的，网络中需要采集OAM信息的网络设备根据该OAM配置信息完成OAM信息的采集和上报，由于上述第一网络设备确定的OAM配置信息是基于目标应用的特征信息确定的，因此根据该OAM配置信息采集的OAM信息在一定程度上可以更加准确的反映目标应用的运行状态，因此能够提升网络的OAM的效果。
即通过本申请实施例提供过的网络的OAM方法，能够实施针对特定的目标应用的OAM，提高OAM的针对性，改善OAM效果。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对第一网络设备进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图10示出了上述实施例中所涉及的第一网络设备的一种可能的结构示意图，如图10所示，第一网络设备可以包括：确定模块1001和发送模块1002。确定模块1001可以用于支持该第一网络设备执行上述方法实施例中的S101(包括S1011，S1011可以替换为S1011a或S1011b)；发送模块1002可以用于支持该第一网络设备执行上述方法实施例中的S102。
可选的，如图10所示，该第一网络设备还可以包括接收模块1003，该接收模块1003可以用于支持该第一网络设备执行上述方法实施例中的S103(可以替换为S1031或S1032)。
可选的，如图10所示，该第一网络设备还可以包括获取模块1004，该获取模块1004可以用于支持该第一网络设备执行上述方法实施例中的S104。
其中，上述方法实施例涉及的各步骤的所有相关内容均可以援引到对应功能模块的功能描述，在此不再赘述。
在采用集成的单元的情况下，图11示出了上述实施例中所涉及的第一网络设备的一种可能的结构示意图。如图11所示，第一网络设备可以包括：处理模块2001和通信模块2002。处理模块2001可以用于对该装置的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理模 块2001可以用于支持该第一网络设备执行上述方法实施例中的S101(包括S1011，S1011可以替换为S1011a或S1011b)和S104，和/或用于本文所描述的技术的其它过程。通信模块2002可以用于支持该第一网络设备与其他网络实体的通信，例如通信模块2002可以用于该装置执行上述方法实施例中的S102和S103(可以替换为S1031或S1032)。可选的，如图11所示，该第一网络设备还可以包括存储模块2003，用于存储该第一网络设备的程序代码和数据。
其中，处理模块2001可以是处理器或控制器(例如可以是上述如图2所示的处理器20)，例如可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件、硬件部件或者其任意组合。其可以实现或执行结合本申请实施例公开内容所描述的各种示例性的逻辑方框、模块和电路。上述处理器也可以是实现计算功能的组合，例如包含一个或多个微处理器组合，DSP和微处理器的组合等等。通信模块2002可以是收发器、收发电路或通信接口等(例如可以是上述如图2所示的接口22)。存储模块2003可以是存储器(例如可以是上述如图2所示的存储器21)。
当处理模块2001为处理器，通信模块2002为收发器，存储模块2003为存储器时，处理器、收发器和存储器可以通过总线连接。总线可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended Industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件程序实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。该计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行该计算机指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例中的流程或功能。该计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络或者其他可编程装置。该计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，该计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))方式或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心传输。该计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包括一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。该可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、磁盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state drives，SSD))等。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可 以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)或处理器执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：快闪存储器、移动硬盘、只读存储器、随机存取存储器、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种网络的操作管理维护OAM方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，所述OAM配置信息包括OAM的测量方式；
    所述第一网络设备转发所述OAM配置信息至第二网络设备。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络设备接收报文，所述报文中包括所述目标应用的特征信息；
    所述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，包括：
    所述第一网络设备根据所述目标应用的特征信息，确定所述目标应用的OAM配置信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述目标应用的特征信息包括所述目标应用的服务需求信息或所述目标应用的标识信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述目标应用的服务需求信息包括时延信息、丢包信息以及带宽信息中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述报文包括所述OAM的测量方式。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述OAM测量方式包括下述方式中的至少一种：带内操作维护管理IOAM方式、互联网协议流性能测量IPFPM方式、带内流信息测量IFIT方式、双向主动测量协议TWAMP方式、单向主动测量协议OWAMP方式以及PING方式。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述OAM配置信息还包括下述信息中的至少一种：OAM的测量对象、测量粒度以及测量频率。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一网络设备确定目标应用的OAM配置信息之前，所述方法还包括:
    所述第一网络设备获取使能信息，所述使能信息用于指示所述第一网络设备确定所述目标应用的OAM配置信息。
  9. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，所述网络设备为第一网络设备，所述网络设备包括确定模块和发送模块；
    所述确定模块，用于确定目标应用的OAM配置信息，所述OAM配置信息包括OAM的测量方式；
    所述发送模块，用于转发所述OAM配置信息至第二网络设备。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述网络设备还包括接收模块；
    所述接收模块，用于接收报文，所述报文包括所述目标应用的特征信息；
    所述确定模块，具体用于根据所述目标应用的特征信息，确定所述目标应用的 OAM配置信息。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的网络设备，其特征在于，
    所述目标应用的特征信息包括所述目标应用的服务需求信息或所述目标应用的标识信息。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的网络设备，其特征在于，
    所述OAM测量方式包括下述方式中的至少一种：带内操作维护管理IOAM方式、互联网协议流性能测量IPFPM方式、IFIT方式、双向主动测量协议TWAMP方式、单向主动测量协议OWAMP方式以及PING方式。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12任一项所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述网络设备还包括获取模块；
    所述获取模块，用于获取使能信息，所述使能信息用于指示所述第一网络设备确定所述目标应用的OAM配置信息。
  14. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质可以包括计算机指令，当所述计算机指令在计算机上运行时，使得网络设备执行如权利要求1至8任一项所述的方法。
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