WO2020171128A1 - 液晶配向剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020171128A1 WO2020171128A1 PCT/JP2020/006575 JP2020006575W WO2020171128A1 WO 2020171128 A1 WO2020171128 A1 WO 2020171128A1 JP 2020006575 W JP2020006575 W JP 2020006575W WO 2020171128 A1 WO2020171128 A1 WO 2020171128A1
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- liquid crystal
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- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
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- 0 Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2)cc(C)c2N=N[C@]2C(*)=CC(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)=CC2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2)cc(C)c2N=N[C@]2C(*)=CC(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)=CC2)cc1 0.000 description 2
- XIAHSJTUQAWUAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C)cc1 XIAHSJTUQAWUAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQWULMZMZDJVQI-FLWNBWAVSA-N CC(CC1)CCC1OC(c(cc1)ccc1/N=N\c(cc1)ccc1C(OC1CCC(C)CC1)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCC1OC(c(cc1)ccc1/N=N\c(cc1)ccc1C(OC1CCC(C)CC1)=O)=O WQWULMZMZDJVQI-FLWNBWAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRWLGIUTJJMNTQ-MVJHLKBCSA-N CC1CCC(CCc(cc2)ccc2/N=N\c2ccc(CCC3CCC(C)CC3)cc2)CC1 Chemical compound CC1CCC(CCc(cc2)ccc2/N=N\c2ccc(CCC3CCC(C)CC3)cc2)CC1 DRWLGIUTJJMNTQ-MVJHLKBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGMHAAUSHDIRCJ-MVJHLKBCSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1/N=N\c(cc1)ccc1OCCOc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1/N=N\c(cc1)ccc1OCCOc1ccc(C)cc1 UGMHAAUSHDIRCJ-MVJHLKBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAYCYAIVOIUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O WEAYCYAIVOIUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRPHZIRPXLJJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1C2)ccc1-c1c2cc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1C2)ccc1-c1c2cc(C)cc1 KRPHZIRPXLJJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLFKFHJEFMLTOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)cc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2cc(C)c(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)cc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2cc(C)c(C)cc2)cc1 GLFKFHJEFMLTOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZOSGGNRVDMIHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(S(c2cccc(C)c2)(=O)=O)ccc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(S(c2cccc(C)c2)(=O)=O)ccc1 NZOSGGNRVDMIHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEIAGSMFHSSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 OWEIAGSMFHSSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLWFAWDGQMAULB-MVJHLKBCSA-N Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2)ccc2/N=N\c2ccc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3O)cc2)c(O)c1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2)ccc2/N=N\c2ccc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3O)cc2)c(O)c1 YLWFAWDGQMAULB-MVJHLKBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZYFTUNXFXXRFJ-MRNGAQBPSA-N Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2C(F)(F)F)ccc2/N=N\c2c(C(F)(F)F)cc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2C(F)(F)F)ccc2/N=N\c2c(C(F)(F)F)cc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 WZYFTUNXFXXRFJ-MRNGAQBPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCEDBFHGRARVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C(c2c(C)cccc22)=O)c1C2=O Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C(c2c(C)cccc22)=O)c1C2=O UCEDBFHGRARVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGXDIDXEMHMPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C(c2cc(C)ccc2)=O)c1 Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C(c2cc(C)ccc2)=O)c1 CGXDIDXEMHMPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3415—Five-membered rings
- C08K5/3417—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent used for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from this liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element using this liquid crystal aligning film.
- the liquid crystal display element is known as a lightweight, thin, and low power consumption display device.
- the liquid crystal display element is configured by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates having electrodes.
- an organic film made of an organic material is used as a liquid crystal alignment film so that liquid crystals are in a desired alignment state between substrates.
- liquid crystal alignment films are required to have various properties at a high level in addition to liquid crystal alignment. ..
- a method of adding a low molecular compound having various properties to a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal aligning film is widely used.
- a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a low molecular weight compound that improves the hardness of the liquid crystal alignment film has been proposed (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- This low molecular weight compound contains a group that causes a cross-linking reaction in the heating step performed in the liquid crystal alignment film preparation step, and the polymers are linked by cross-linking, whereby the mechanical properties of the resulting liquid crystal alignment film are increased. Improves strength.
- a general problem with the above method is the deterioration of liquid crystal alignment.
- the three-dimensional cross-linking of the polymer in the liquid crystal alignment film hinders the liquid crystal from being aligned in a certain direction.
- the presence of unreacted low molecular weight compounds may adversely affect the liquid crystal alignment.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of improving the mechanical strength of a liquid crystal alignment film without deteriorating the liquid crystal alignment property and other properties.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising the following component (A), component (B) and an organic solvent.
- Component (A) at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor.
- (B) component a compound having a group having a hydroxyalkylamide group and a structure of the following formula (1).
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and * represents a bond with another atom.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film in which the mechanical strength of the liquid crystal aligning film is improved without deteriorating the liquid crystal aligning property and other properties.
- the compound of the component (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a structure of a polyimide skeleton as shown in the formula (1).
- the compound since the compound has a structure similar to that of the polymer as the component (A), it is considered that the liquid crystal is not prevented from being aligned along the polymer.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained in the step of aligning the liquid crystal by irradiating it with polarized ultraviolet light it is considered that the cyclobutane structure in the formula (1) is decomposed by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light, and thus does not hinder the alignment of the liquid crystal.
- the component (A) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is at least one kind of polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor, and its structure is not particularly limited.
- the polyimide precursor contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is obtained by the reaction of a tetracarboxylic acid derivative and a diamine, and the polyimide is obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor.
- specific examples of materials used and manufacturing methods will be described in detail.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative used in the production of the polyimide precursor is not only tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, but its derivative, tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl Ester dihalide is mentioned.
- X 1 the structure of X 1 is not particularly limited. Preferred specific examples include the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-44).
- R 11 to R 31 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, An alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group.
- R 3 to R 23 are preferably hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or ethyl group, and more preferably hydrogen atom or methyl group.
- formula (X1-1) include the following formulas (X1-1-1) to (X1-1-6).
- (X1-1-1) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment and photosensitivity. ..
- the diamine used for producing the polyimide precursor is represented by the following formula (3).
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. is there.
- Y 1 is not particularly limited. Preferred structures include (Y-1) to (Y-182) below.
- Me represents a methyl group
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 is (Y-7), (Y-8), (Y-16), (Y-17), (Y-18), (Y-20), (Y-21). ), (Y-22), (Y-28), (Y-35), (Y-38), (Y-43), (Y-48), (Y-64), (Y-66), (Y-71), (Y-72), (Y-76), (Y-77), (Y-80), (Y-81), (Y-82), (Y-83), (Y -156), (Y-159), (Y-160), (Y-161), (Y-162) (Y-168), (Y-169), (Y-170), (Y-171).
- (Y-173) and (Y-175) are preferable, and particularly (Y-7), (Y-8), (Y-16), (Y-17), (Y-18) and (Y -21), (Y-22), (Y-28), (Y-38), (Y-64), (Y-66), (Y-72), (Y-76), (Y-81) ), (Y-156), (Y-159), (Y-160), (Y-161), (Y-162), (Y-168), (Y-169), (Y-170), (Y-171), (Y-173) and (Y-175) are preferred.
- the component (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a compound having a group having a hydroxyalkylamide group and a structure of the following formula (1).
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Preferred is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. * Represents a bond with another atom.
- the component (B) preferably has two or more hydroxyalkylamide groups.
- the structure of the group having two or more hydroxyalkylamide groups is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of availability, a compound represented by the following formula (4) is mentioned as a preferred example.
- X 2 is an n+1-valent organic group containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, n is an integer of 2 to 6, and * represents a bond with (1).
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or It is an alkynyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Further, at least one of R 5 and R 6 represents a hydrocarbon group substituted with a hydroxy group.
- n is preferably 2 to 4 from the viewpoint of solubility.
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably a structure represented by the following formula (5) from the viewpoint of reactivity, and a structure represented by the following formula (6) Is more preferable.
- R 7 to R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or a hydrocarbon group substituted with a hydroxy group.
- component (B) include the following compounds.
- the content of the component (B) is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 15% by mass, based on the component (A).
- the polyamic acid which is the polyimide precursor used in the present invention, can be produced by the method described below. Specifically, tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours. Can be synthesized.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You may use.
- the concentration of the polymer is preferably from 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably from 5 to 20% by mass, from the viewpoint that the precipitation of the polymer is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the polyamic acid obtained as described above can be recovered by precipitating a polymer by injecting it into a poor solvent while stirring the reaction solution well.
- the precipitated polyamic acid powder can be obtained by performing precipitation several times, washing with a poor solvent, and then drying at room temperature or by heating and drying.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, and toluene.
- the polyamic acid ester which is one of the polyimide precursors used in the present invention, can be produced by the following method (1), (2) or (3).
- the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying a polyamic acid obtained from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine. Specifically, by reacting a polyamic acid and an esterifying agent in the presence of an organic solvent at -20°C to 150°C, preferably 0°C to 50°C for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. Can be synthesized.
- esterifying agent those which can be easily removed by purification are preferable, and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide Dineopentylbutyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like can be mentioned.
- the amount of the esterifying agent used is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents with respect to 1 mole of the repeating unit of the polyamic acid.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone because of the solubility of the polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the concentration of the polymer in the reaction solution is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight polymer is easily obtained.
- the polyamic acid ester can be produced from tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine are added in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.
- pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the amount of the base used is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoints of easy removal and easily obtaining a high molecular weight product.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer concentration in the reaction solution is preferably from 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably from 5 to 20% by mass, from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight polymer is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent the entry of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the polyamic acid ester can be produced by polycondensing the tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine are combined in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 It can be produced by reacting for a time.
- condensing agent examples include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N , N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyl (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl)phosphonate and the like can be used.
- the amount of the condensing agent added is preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- Tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used as the base.
- the amount of the base used is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the diamine component from the viewpoints of easy removal and easily obtaining a high molecular weight product.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the Lewis acid is preferably added in an amount of 0 to 1.0 times the molar amount of the diamine component.
- the production method (1) or (2) above is particularly preferable because a high molecular weight polyamic acid ester can be obtained.
- the polymer can be precipitated by pouring the solution of the polyamic acid ester obtained as described above into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation can be performed several times, washing with a poor solvent, and drying at room temperature or heat can yield a purified polyamic acid ester powder.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, and toluene.
- the polyimide used in the present invention can be produced by imidizing the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the polyimide imidization ratio used in the present invention is not limited to 100%. From the viewpoint of electric characteristics, 20 to 99% is preferable.
- chemical imidization by adding a basic catalyst to the polyamic acid ester solution or a polyamic acid solution obtained by dissolving the polyamic acid ester resin powder in an organic solvent is simple. Chemical imidation is preferable because the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature and the decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer does not easily occur during the imidization process.
- the chemical imidization can be performed by stirring the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester to be imidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride. Further, at that time, by reacting a compound as shown in the following (R-1) to (R-2), a polyimide precursor having a specific structure introduced at the terminal can be obtained.
- the organic solvent the solvent used in the above-mentioned polymerization reaction can be used.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding the reaction.
- the acid anhydride examples include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like.
- acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after the reaction is easy.
- an acetyl group is generated as a main chain terminal, whereas the present invention can suppress acetylation.
- R 22, R 22 ' represents a monovalent organic group, the methyl group Specific examples thereof include an ethyl group, a propyl group, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl group, 2-trimethylsilylethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl Propynyl group, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl group, 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenylyl)ethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl-2-haloethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl-2-cyanoethyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, 1-methylcyclobutyl group, 1-adamantyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, cinnamyl group, 8-quinolyl group, N-hydroxypiperidinyl group, benzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group , 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzyl group, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group, 9-fluoren
- the temperature for the imidization reaction is, for example, ⁇ 20° C. to 120° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C., and the reaction time can be 1 to 100 hours.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times that of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol times, the amic acid group. Double.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferable.
- the polymer can be precipitated by injecting the polyimide solution obtained as described above into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation can be performed several times, washing with a poor solvent, and drying at room temperature or heat can yield a purified polyamic acid ester powder.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene and benzene.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of the polyimide precursor as the component (A) and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor (hereinafter, a polymer having a specific structure). And a compound having a hydroxyalkylamide group as the component (B) are dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
- the weight average molecular weight of the specific structure polymer is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and further preferably 10,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and further preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, It is preferably not less than 10% by mass, and more preferably not more than 10% by mass from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution. It is particularly preferably 3 to 6.5% by mass.
- the solvent (also called a good solvent) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the polymer having the specific structure is uniformly dissolved therein.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the good solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 20 to 99 mass% of the whole solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Above all, 20 to 90 mass% is preferable. More preferably, it is 30 to 80% by mass.
- a solvent also referred to as poor solvent
- the poor solvent is shown below, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol , 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 1,2- Ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol,
- 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether is preferably used.
- the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, based on the whole solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in addition to the above, a polymer other than the polymer described in the present invention, and an electric conductivity such as a dielectric constant or conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film are included as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired Dielectric or conductive substance for the purpose of changing the characteristics, silane coupling agent for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, and crosslinkability for the purpose of increasing the hardness and density of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a compound, and further, an imidization promoter for the purpose of efficiently promoting imidization by heating the polyimide precursor when firing the coating film may be added.
- the liquid crystal aligning film of the present invention is a film obtained by applying the above liquid crystal aligning agent to a substrate, drying and baking.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, an acrylic substrate, a plastic substrate such as a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can be used. Further, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is formed in terms of process simplification. Further, in the reflection type liquid crystal display element, an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can also be used for the electrode.
- a spin coating method, a printing method, an inkjet method and the like can be mentioned. Any temperature and time can be selected for the drying and firing steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention. Usually, in order to sufficiently remove the contained solvent, it is dried at 50 to 120° C., preferably 60 to 100° C. for 1 to 10 minutes, preferably 2 to 5 minutes, and then 150 to 300° C., preferably Is baked at 200 to 240° C. for 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the coating film after firing is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display device may decrease, so it is 5 to 300 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the rubbing process can be performed using an existing rubbing device.
- Examples of the material of the rubbing cloth at this time include cotton, nylon, rayon and the like.
- As the conditions of the rubbing treatment generally, conditions of a rotation speed of 300 to 2000 rpm, a feed speed of 5 to 100 mm/s, and a pushing amount of 0.1 to 1.0 mm are used. Then, the residue generated by the rubbing is removed by ultrasonic cleaning using pure water, alcohol, or the like.
- the photo-alignment treatment method include a method of imparting liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiating the surface of the coating film with radiation polarized in a certain direction and, in some cases, further performing heat treatment at a temperature of 150 to 250° C.
- Ultraviolet rays and visible rays having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm can be used as the radiation. Among these, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 to 400 nm are preferable, and ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm are particularly preferable.
- the coating substrate may be irradiated with radiation while being heated at 50 to 250°C. Dose of the radiation is preferably 1 ⁇ 10,000mJ / cm 2, particularly preferably 100 ⁇ 5,000mJ / cm 2.
- the liquid crystal alignment film produced as described above can stably align the liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction.
- the extinction ratio of linearly polarized ultraviolet rays is preferably 10:1 or more, more preferably 20:1 or more.
- the above-mentioned film irradiated with polarized radiation may then be subjected to contact treatment with a solvent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water and organic solvents.
- the solvent used in the contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the decomposition product generated by light irradiation.
- Specific examples include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, 3- Methyl methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate and the like can be mentioned. Two or more kinds of these solvents may be used in combination.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of water, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and ethyl lactate is more preferable.
- Water, 2-propanol, or a mixed solvent of water and 2-propanol is particularly preferable.
- the contact treatment of the solution irradiated with the polarized radiation and the solution containing the solvent is carried out by a method such as immersion treatment, spraying (spraying) treatment or the like so that the membrane and the liquid are preferably in sufficient contact Be done.
- a method of immersing in a solution containing a solvent for preferably 10 seconds to 1 hour, more preferably 1 to 30 minutes is preferable.
- the contact treatment may be carried out at room temperature or with heating, but is preferably carried out at 10 to 80°C, more preferably 20 to 50°C.
- a means for enhancing contact with ultrasonic waves or the like can be provided.
- a low boiling point solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone is performed.
- the film subjected to the contact treatment with the solution containing the solvent may be heated at 150° C. or higher for the purpose of drying the solvent and reorienting the molecular chains in the film.
- the heating temperature is preferably 150-300°C. Higher temperature promotes reorientation of molecular chains, but too high temperature may cause decomposition of molecular chains. Therefore, the heating temperature is more preferably 180 to 250°C, and particularly preferably 200 to 230°C.
- the heating time is too short, the effect of reorientation of the molecular chain may not be obtained, and if it is too long, the molecular chain may be decomposed, so 10 seconds to 30 minutes is preferable, It is more preferably 1 to 10 minutes.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized by comprising a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal cell prepared by a known method after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film by the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention, and using the liquid crystal cell It is used as a display element.
- a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure As an example of a liquid crystal cell manufacturing method, a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example. It should be noted that a liquid crystal display element having an active matrix structure in which a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion forming the image display may be used.
- a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion forming the image display may be used.
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be, for example, ITO electrodes, and are patterned so that a desired image can be displayed.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrodes and the segment electrodes.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a film made of SiO 2 —TiO 2 formed by a sol-gel method.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed on each substrate.
- one substrate is overlaid on the other substrate so that their alignment film surfaces face each other, and the periphery is bonded with a sealant.
- a spacer is usually mixed in the sealant in order to control the substrate gap. Further, it is preferable that spacers for controlling the substrate gap are also scattered on the in-plane portion where the sealant is not provided. An opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside is provided in part of the sealant.
- the liquid crystal material is injected into the space surrounded by the two substrates and the sealant through the opening provided in the sealant. Then, this opening is sealed with an adhesive.
- a vacuum injection method may be used, or a method utilizing a capillary phenomenon in the atmosphere may be used.
- the polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, a pair of polarizing plates are attached to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be obtained through the above steps.
- the sealing agent for example, a resin having a reactive group such as an epoxy group, an acryloyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, a hydroxyl group, an allyl group, and an acetyl group, which is cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heating is used. ..
- a resin having a reactive group such as an epoxy group, an acryloyl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, a hydroxyl group, an allyl group, and an acetyl group, which is cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heating is used. ..
- a cured resin system having both reactive groups of epoxy group and (meth)acryloyl group.
- An inorganic filler may be added to the sealant of the present invention for the purpose of improving adhesion and moisture resistance.
- the inorganic filler that can be used is not particularly limited, and specifically, spherical silica, fused silica, crystalline silica, titanium oxide, titanium black, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sulfuric acid.
- Aluminum can be used. You may use the said inorganic filler in mixture of 2 or more types.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ -butyl lactone
- BCS butyl cellosolve
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
- the imidization ratio is determined by using a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidization as a reference proton, and a peak integrated value of this proton and a proton peak derived from the NH group of amic acid that appears near 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It was calculated by the following formula using the integrated value.
- a liquid crystal cell having the configuration of the FFS mode liquid crystal display device was produced. First, a substrate with electrodes was prepared. The substrate is a 30 mm ⁇ 50 mm rectangular glass plate having a thickness of 0.7 mm. On the substrate, an ITO electrode having a solid pattern, which constitutes a counter electrode as a first layer, is formed. As a second layer, a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by the CVD method is formed on the first-layer counter electrode. The film thickness of the second-layer SiN film is 500 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film as a third layer is arranged on the second-layer SiN film to form two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel. ing.
- the size of each pixel is 10 mm in length and about 5 mm in width.
- the counter electrode of the first layer and the pixel electrode of the third layer are electrically insulated by the action of the SiN film of the second layer.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-tooth shape formed by arranging a plurality of "doglegged" electrode elements each having a bent central portion.
- the width of each electrode element in the lateral direction is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance between the electrode elements is 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel electrode that forms each pixel is configured by arranging a plurality of bent "dogleg"-shaped electrode elements in the central portion, the shape of each pixel is not rectangular, but the same as the electrode elements. It has a shape that resembles a bold "dogleg” that bends in parts. Then, each pixel is divided into upper and lower parts with a central bent portion as a boundary, and has a first region on the upper side and a second region on the lower side of the bent portion.
- the forming directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes forming them are different. That is, when the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal alignment film described later is used as a reference, the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes are formed to form an angle (clockwise) of +10° in the first region of the pixel, and the pixel element is formed in the second region of the pixel.
- the electrode elements of the electrodes are formed so as to form an angle (clockwise) of ⁇ 10°. That is, in the first region and the second region of each pixel, the directions of the rotation operation (in-plane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the voltage application between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode in the plane of the substrate are mutually different. It is configured to be in the opposite direction.
- the prepared substrate with electrodes and a glass substrate having a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film is formed on the back surface are prepared. It was applied by spin coating. After drying on a hot plate at 80° C. for 2 minutes, baking was performed at 230° C. for 30 minutes using an IR oven to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm. The coating surface was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays at 300 mJ/cm 2 for orientation treatment. It was baked again at 230° C. for 30 minutes using an IR oven to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Example 1 5.63 g of the polyimide solution (SPI-1) obtained in Production Example 1 was weighed into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stirring bar. 3.34 g of NMP, 2.03 g of GBL, 3.00 g of BCS, 1.01 g of a 10% NMP solution of AD-3 were added, and the mixture was stirred overnight with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-3). ..
- Example 2 5.63 g of the polyimide solution (SPI-1) obtained in Production Example 1 was weighed into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stirring bar. 3.34 g of NMP, 2.03 g of GBL, 3.00 g of BCS, 1.01 g of a 10% NMP solution of AD-4 were added and stirred overnight with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-4). ..
- Example 3 3.13 g of the polyimide solution (SPI-1) obtained in Production Example 1 was weighed in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, and the polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) obtained in Production Example 2 was added to 4. 50 g was added. Further, 0.86 g of NMP, 4.50 g of GBL, 3.00 g of BCS and 1.01 g of 10% NMP solution of AD-3 were added and stirred overnight with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-5). It was
- the liquid crystal cell After leaving, the liquid crystal cell is installed between two polarizing plates arranged so that their polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, and the backlight is turned on with no voltage applied so that the brightness of the transmitted light is minimized.
- the arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted. Then, the rotation angle when the liquid crystal cell was rotated from the angle where the second region of the first pixel was darkest to the angle where the first region was darkest was calculated as the angle ⁇ .
- the second region and the first region were compared, and the same angle ⁇ was calculated. Then, the average value of the angle ⁇ values of the first pixel and the second pixel was calculated as the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell.
- An angle ⁇ of 0.15° or more of the liquid crystal cell obtained above was evaluated as “x”, and an angle ⁇ of less than 0.15° was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent was applied by spin coating to the ITO surface of the glass substrate having ITO electrodes on the entire surface. After drying on a hot plate at 80° C. for 2 minutes, baking was performed at 230° C. for 30 minutes using an IR oven to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm. The coating surface was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays at 300 mJ/cm 2 for orientation treatment. It was baked again at 230° C. for 30 minutes using an IR oven to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal alignment film was rubbed with a rayon cloth (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 20 mm/sec, indentation length: 0.6 mm).
- the substrate was observed under a microscope, and the case where no streak was observed on the film surface was evaluated as " ⁇ ", and the case where the streak was observed was evaluated as "x".
- the liquid crystal aligning agent using AD-3 and AD-4 having an imide ring skeleton and also having an alkylamide skeleton can achieve both good alignment and high rubbing resistance. ..
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Abstract
Description
近年、スマートフォンやタブレット型端末向けの高精細液晶表示素子において、高い表示品位が求められている中、液晶配向膜にも、液晶配向性の他に、種々の特性が高いレベルで要求されている。
1.下記の(A)成分、(B)成分、及び有機溶剤を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含まれる(A)成分は、ポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の重合体であり、その構造は特に限定されない。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリイミド前駆体は、テトラカルボン酸誘導体と、ジアミンとの反応から得られ、ポリイミドは、ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化することにより得られる。以下に、用いられる材料の具体例及び製造方法を詳述する。
ポリイミド前駆体の製造に用いられるジアミンは、下記式(3)で表される。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される(B)成分は、ヒドロキシアルキルアミド基を有する基及び下記式(1)の構造を有する化合物である。
好ましくは、水素原子もしくはメチル基である。*は他の原子との結合を表す。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸は、以下に示す方法で製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとを有機溶媒の存在下、-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃で、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~12時間反応させることによって合成できる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体の一つであるポリアミック酸エステルは、以下に示す(1)、(2)又は(3)の方法で製造できる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成できる。具体的には、ポリアミック酸とエステル化剤を有機溶剤の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成できる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンとを塩基と有機溶剤の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを縮合剤、塩基、及び有機溶剤の存在下で0℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~100℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは3~15時間反応させることによって製造できる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミドは、前記ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルをイミド化することにより製造できる。本発明で用いられるポリイミドイミド化率は100%に限らない。電気特性の観点から20~99%が好ましい。ポリアミック酸エステルからポリイミドを製造する場合、前記ポリアミック酸エステル溶液、又はポリアミック酸エステル樹脂粉末を有機溶媒に溶解させて得られるポリアミック酸溶液に塩基性触媒を添加する化学的イミド化が簡便である。化学的イミド化は、比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行し、イミド化の課程で重合体の分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、前記した(A)成分であるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(以下、特定構造の重合体とする)、及び(B)成分であるヒドロキシアルキルアミド基を有する化合物が、溶媒中に溶解された溶液の形態を有する。
<液晶配向膜の製造方法>
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥し、焼成して得られる膜である。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることができる。さらに、液晶駆動のためのITO電極等が形成された基板を用いることが、プロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極は、アルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、前記液晶配向膜の製造方法によって得られた液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ―ブチルラクトン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)「AVANCE 3」(BRUKER製)500MHz。
溶媒:重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)又は重水素化N,N-ジメチルスルホキシド([D6]-DMSO)。
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)。
ポリイミド及びポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計(東機産業社製、VE-22H)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)0.53mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNW-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5から10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
FFSモード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製した。
始めに、電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、30mm×50mmの長方形で、厚みが0.7mmのガラス板である。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたITO電極が形成されている。第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されている。第2層目のSiN膜の膜厚は500nmであり、層間絶縁膜として機能する。第2層目のSiN膜の上には、第3層目としてITO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置され、第1画素及び第2画素の2つの画素を形成している。各画素のサイズは、縦10mmで横約5mmである。このとき、第1層目の対向電極と第3層目の画素電極とは、第2層目のSiN膜の作用により電気的に絶縁されている。
2L四つ口フラスコに[AD-3-1](30.0g、61mmol)、ビス[2-(トリメチルシリルオキシ)エチル]アミン(45.8g、184mmol)、(2,3-ジヒドロ-2-チオキソ-3-ベンゾオキサゾリル)ホスホン酸ジフェニル(47.0g、122mmol)、トリエチルアミン(45.8g、184mmol)、NMP(450g)を仕込み、室温で撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液を0.5mol/L-塩酸水溶液(2500g)に注ぎ、析出物を濾別した。得られた粗物にメタノール(300g)を加え、室温でリパルプ洗浄することで、[AD-3](白色固体)を30.3g得た。目的物の1H-NMRの結果を以下に示す。この結果から、得られた固体が、目的の[AD-3]であることを確認した。
1H NMR (500 MHz, [D6]-DMSO):δ7.32-7.38 (m,8H), 4.92-4.95 (t,2H), 4.69-4.72 (t,2H), 3.82 (s,4H), 3.55-3.59 (m,6H), 3.47-3.52 (m,8H), 3.36-3.39 (m,4H), 1.40 (s,6H)
1H NMR (500 MHz, [D6]-DMSO):δ7.56-7.58 (d,4H), 7.48-7.50 (d,4H), 4.84-4.87 (t,4H), 3.61-3.65 (m,6H), 3.55-3.56 (d,4H), 3.48-3.50 (d,4H), 3.35 (s,4H), 1.42 (s,6H)
撹拌装置付きおよび窒素導入管付きの200ml四つ口フラスコにDA-1(1.08g、10mmol)、DA-2(3.66g,15mmol)、DA-3(4.81g、15mmol)、DA-4(3.41g、10mmol)を加えた後、NMP132gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらDAH-1(10.54g,47mmol)を加え,NMPを40.3g加えた後、さらに40℃条件下にて12時間攪拌することで樹脂固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の25℃における粘度は380mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-5を3.99g(20mmol)、 DA-6を1.49g(5mmol)量り取り、次いで、NMPを78g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらDAH-2を6.77g(23mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加え、70℃で20時間撹拌してポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)(粘度:420mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLの三角フラスコに、製造例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を5.63g量り取った。NMPを3.34g、GBLを2.03g、BCSを3.00g、AD-1の10%NMP溶液を1.01g加え、マグネチックスターラーで終夜撹拌し液晶配向剤(AL-1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLの三角フラスコに、製造例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を5.63g量り取った。NMPを3.34g、GBLを2.03g、BCSを3.00g、AD-2の10%NMP溶液を1.01g加え、マグネチックスターラーで終夜撹拌し液晶配向剤(AL-2)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLの三角フラスコに、製造例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を5.63g量り取った。NMPを3.34g、GBLを2.03g、BCSを3.00g、AD-3の10%NMP溶液を1.01g加え、マグネチックスターラーで終夜撹拌し液晶配向剤(AL-3)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLの三角フラスコに、製造例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を5.63g量り取った。NMPを3.34g、GBLを2.03g、BCSを3.00g、AD-4の10%NMP溶液を1.01g加え、マグネチックスターラーで終夜撹拌し液晶配向剤(AL-4)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLの三角フラスコに、製造例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を1.13g量り取り、製造例2で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を4.50g添加した。さらにNMPを0.86g、GBLを4.50g、BCSを3.00g、AD-3の10%NMP溶液を1.01g加え、マグネチックスターラーで終夜撹拌し液晶配向剤(AL-5)を得た。
上記の液晶セルを用い、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数30Hzで±5Vの交流電圧を120時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。
上記で得られた液晶セルの角度Δが0.15°以上を「×」とし、0.15°未満を「〇」と評価した。
得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1、AL-2、AL-3、AL-4、AL-5)について、上記したようにして長期交流駆動による残像評価を行った。すなわち、液晶配向剤(AL-1、AL-2、AL-3、AL-4、AL-5)を使用し、それぞれ上記したようにしてFFSモード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製し、このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。その結果を下記表1にまとめる。
液晶配向剤を、全面にITO電極が付いたガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートにて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた後、IR式オーブンを用いて230℃、30分焼成を行い、厚み100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面に偏光紫外線を300mJ/cm2となるように照射して配向処理を施した。再度IR式オーブンを用いて230℃、30分焼成を行って、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜を、レーヨン布でラビング(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.6mm)した。本基板を顕微鏡にて観察を行い、膜面にラビングによるスジが見られなかったものを「〇」、スジがみられたものを「×」として評価した。
得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1、AL-2、AL-3、AL-4、AL-5)について、上記の膜強度評価を行った。その結果を下記表2にまとめる。
Claims (11)
- (B)成分が、ヒドロキシアルキルアミド基を2つ以上有する化合物である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- (B)成分が、(A)成分に対して0.1~20質量%含有される、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- X2中の、カルボニル基に直接結合する原子は、芳香環を形成する炭素原子である、請求項4又は5に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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