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WO2020140646A1 - 可折叠车钩和车辆 - Google Patents

可折叠车钩和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140646A1
WO2020140646A1 PCT/CN2019/120626 CN2019120626W WO2020140646A1 WO 2020140646 A1 WO2020140646 A1 WO 2020140646A1 CN 2019120626 W CN2019120626 W CN 2019120626W WO 2020140646 A1 WO2020140646 A1 WO 2020140646A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arm
force transmission
transmission member
coupler
locking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/120626
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘佺
刘辉
刘继波
刘焕军
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201921497292.9U external-priority patent/CN210391159U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910849520.2A external-priority patent/CN110422194B/zh
Application filed by 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
Priority to EP19907492.3A priority Critical patent/EP3992054B1/en
Publication of WO2020140646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140646A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G7/00—Details or accessories
    • B61G7/08—Adjustable coupling heads

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to a foldable coupler and vehicle for rail vehicles.
  • the coupler buffer device is one of the most basic and important parts of the vehicle. Its function is to connect the locomotive and reduce the longitudinal impact between the trains. When the train is rescued or reconnected, the electric coupler must be controlled to extend after completing the mechanical coupling. Reconnect. After completion, it needs to be disassembled, and the mechanical coupler and electric coupler to be connected must be disassembled.
  • the foldable coupler includes a fixed arm and a rotating arm that can rotate relative to the fixed arm, and the folding is achieved by the rotating arm rotating relative to the fixed arm.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN106274960A discloses a folding coupler including a front pull rod and a rear pull rod. When folding, the handle is manually pulled to unlock the front pull rod and the rear pull rod; the straightening process is also controlled by the handle.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a foldable coupler and a vehicle having the foldable coupler.
  • the foldable coupler includes:
  • Rotating arm mechanism including: a first arm, and a second arm rotatably connected to the first arm;
  • the folding mechanism includes a driving mechanism and a force transmission member; the driving mechanism is installed on the second arm, and the force transmission member is rotatably installed on the first arm; the driving mechanism is connected with the force transmission member to connect the driving force The force transmission member is transmitted to the first arm to cause relative rotation between the first arm and the second arm;
  • the first arm is connected to the vehicle body and the second arm is connected to the hook head; or, the first arm is connected to the hook head and the second arm is connected to the vehicle body.
  • the power output end of the driving mechanism is connected to the force transmission member, and is used to transmit the driving force to the first arm via the force transmission member.
  • the rotation center of the force transmission member deviates from the longitudinal plane where the axis of the swing arm mechanism is located.
  • the force transmission member is located on the first side of the boom mechanism.
  • a first mounting seat is provided on the first arm, and the force transmission member or driving mechanism is rotatably connected to the first mounting seat;
  • a second mounting seat is provided on the second arm, correspondingly, The driving mechanism or the force transmission member is rotatably connected to the second mounting seat.
  • the driving mechanism and the force transmission member are installed, they are longitudinally spaced apart from the rotating end surfaces of the first arm and the second arm. In other words, the driving mechanism and the force transmission member are located above or below the boom mechanism.
  • At least one stopper for stopping rotation of the force transmission member is provided on the first arm.
  • At least one stop member is located on the side closer to the second arm relative to the rotation center of the force transmission member.
  • the second arm further includes:
  • Locking groove including double side groove wall
  • the foldable coupler further includes:
  • the locking block is rotatably connected to the first arm, and its center of rotation is located on the upper side or the lower side of the locking groove, and can be caught in the locking groove or released from the locking groove during the rotation;
  • the linkage mechanism is respectively connected with the force transmission member and the lock block, and the force transmission member transmits the driving force to the lock block through the linkage member, and drives the lock block to rotate relative to the lock groove during the rotation of the force transmission member.
  • the interlocking mechanism includes a first component, a second component, and adapter blocks respectively connecting the first component and the second component; the first component is further connected to the force transmission component, and the second component is further Connected to the first arm; the adapter block is further connected to the rotation center of the lock block to drive the lock block to rotate; the second component is an elastic member and is stretched when the lock block comes out of the lock groove.
  • the adapter block has a first plate and a second plate, both of which are generally "L" shaped, and the first component is a pull cord, which pulls the first plate to move through the post on the first plate, thereby driving The locking block rotates; the second component is a spring, connected to the second plate, and by pulling the second plate, the locking block is driven to rotate in the reverse direction (that is, move in the opposite direction to the pulling of the pull cord).
  • the double-sided groove walls of the locking groove are a second groove wall close to one side (ie, the first side) of the rotation direction of the turning arm mechanism and a first groove wall opposite to the second groove wall, the first The groove wall extends toward the first arm relative to the second groove wall.
  • the driving mechanism, its rotation center and the rotation center of the force transmission member are located on the first side of the swing arm mechanism, and the stopper and linkage mechanism are located on the second side of the swing arm mechanism.
  • the foldable coupler further includes a mounting seat, an end of the swing arm mechanism connected to the vehicle body is pivotally connected to the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is connected to the vehicle body.
  • a buffer mechanism is further provided between the rotating arm mechanism and the mounting base.
  • the present application also provides an operation method of a foldable coupler, which uses the foldable coupler described above, which includes:
  • the driving mechanism retracts and the power transmission member rotates, which in turn causes the interlocking mechanism to drive the locking block to rotate, the locking block disengages from the locking groove, so that the coupler is unlocked; the driving mechanism continues to retract, Drive the first arm to rotate relative to the second arm, or drive the second arm to rotate relative to the first arm to reach the folded state;
  • the drive mechanism When the collapsible coupler needs to be straightened in the folded state, the drive mechanism extends, the power transmission member rotates, and the interlocking mechanism relaxes, thereby driving the locking block to rotate; when the force transmission member reaches the stopper, the drive mechanism and force
  • the transmission part mainly drives the first arm to rotate relative to the second arm, or mainly drives the second arm to rotate relative to the first arm to reach the straight state, at this time, the locking block returns to the locking groove for locking.
  • the driving mechanism when the foldable coupler needs to be folded in the extended state, the driving mechanism is retracted, the power transmission member rotates, and the force transmission member pulls the first component (such as the pull cord) to drive the adapter block to rotate, thereby driving the lock
  • the first component such as the pull cord
  • the locking block disengages from the locking groove, so that the coupler is unlocked.
  • the second component is stretched to generate a restoring force; Turn to reach the folded state;
  • the drive mechanism extends, the power transmission member rotates, the first member is relaxed, and the second member drives the adapter block to rotate in the opposite direction due to the restoring force, thereby driving the locking block to rotate (At this time, the force transmission member may drive the first arm to rotate relative to the second arm, or drive the second arm to rotate relative to the first arm); when the force transmission member reaches the stopper, the driving mechanism and the force transmission member mainly The first arm is driven to rotate relative to the second arm, or the second arm is mainly driven to rotate relative to the first arm to reach the straight state, at this time, the locking block returns to the locking groove along the guide belt to perform locking.
  • the present application further provides a vehicle including the foldable coupler described above.
  • Some embodiments of the present application add a driving device and a force transmission component compared to the foldable coupler in the prior art, the overall structure is simple, and a driving element is used to automatically unlock, fold, and extend the coupler ,locking.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an extended state of an embodiment of a folding coupler
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of an extended state of an embodiment of a folding coupler
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a folded state of an embodiment of a folding coupler
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the extended state of another embodiment of the folding coupler
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a folded state of another embodiment of a folding coupler
  • FIG. 6 is a rear perspective view of the first arm based on FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of the second arm based on FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of the relationship between the first arm and the second arm
  • FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged rear view of FIG. 1 based on FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged rear view 2 based on FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a top view of the extended state of another embodiment of the folding coupler
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of a folded state of another embodiment of the folding coupler.
  • first and second are used for description purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a whole Ground connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the connection between two components.
  • connection should be understood in specific situations.
  • the first embodiment of the present application provides a foldable coupler (hereinafter referred to as coupler).
  • the foldable coupler includes a hook head 1, a turning arm mechanism 2 and a folding mechanism 3.
  • the swivel arm mechanism 2 includes: a first arm 21 and a second arm 22 rotatably connected to the first arm 21, the first arm 21 can rotate relative to the second arm 22; the swivel arm mechanism 2 includes a hook connected to the hook head The hook head mounting end 23 of 1 and a car body mounting end 24 connected to the car body 4, the swing arm mechanism 2 is installed between the hook head 1 and the car body 4; wherein the car body mounting end 24 is a relatively fixed end, the hook The head mounting end 23 is a relatively rotating end (as shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 14).
  • the folding mechanism 3 includes a driving mechanism 31 and a force transmission member 32; the driving mechanism 31 is installed on the second arm 22, the force transmission member 32 is rotatably installed on the first arm 21; the driving mechanism 31 is connected to the force transmission member 32, The driving force is transmitted to the first arm 21 via the force transmission member 32, so that relative rotation between the first arm 21 and the second arm 22 occurs.
  • the vehicle body mounting end 24 is located on the second arm 22, that is, one end of the second arm 22 is connected to the vehicle body 4, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first arm 21; correspondingly,
  • the hook head mounting end 23 is located in the first arm 21, that is, one end of the first arm 21 is connected to the hook head 1, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second arm 22.
  • the vehicle body mounting end 24 is located on the first arm 21, that is, one end of the first arm 21 is connected to the vehicle body 4, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second arm 22; corresponding
  • the hook head mounting end 23 is located on the second arm 22, that is, one end of the second arm 22 is connected to the hook head 1 at the other end, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first arm 21.
  • the foldable coupler further includes a mounting seat 5, and the first arm 21 or the second arm 22 can be pivotally connected to the mounting seat 5 to realize the rotation arm mechanism 2 Installation of the car body 4. It is also understandable that the vehicle body 4 is omitted in some embodiments or the drawings, and only the mounting seat 5 is shown.
  • the foldable coupler further includes a buffer mechanism 6, with reference to FIGS.
  • the buffer mechanism 6 is disposed between the swing arm mechanism 2 and the mounting seat 5, the first arm 21 or the second arm 221 is connected to the buffer mechanism 6 first, and the buffer mechanism 6 is then axially connected to the mounting base 5.
  • the two hook heads are connected oppositely to connect the adjacent carriages; during installation, the hook heads 1 are relatively assembled, the mounting seat 5 is installed on the vehicle body, and the buffer mechanism 6 buffers and absorbs the vehicle during operation Collision energy.
  • the buffer mechanism 6 can be omitted.
  • the coupler that omits the buffer mechanism 6 only has a coupling function and no buffer energy absorption function. For such a structure, refer to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the first arm 21 and the second arm 22 are rotatably connected by the following structure. 6 and 7, the first arm 21 includes a first mounting hole 2101, the second arm 22 also includes a second mounting hole 2201, and the first pin 7 passes through the mounting holes 2101, 2201 to assemble the two .
  • the head 2102 on the side of the first arm 21 near the second arm 22 forms a structure with a concave slot 2103
  • the two first mounting holes 2101 are located at the card slot, and the head 2202 of the second arm 22 (having the second mounting hole) penetrates into the card slot 2103.
  • the first pin shaft 7 penetrates the second mounting hole 2201 and the two upper and lower first mounting holes 2101 to connect the first arm 21 and the second arm 22; the clamping slot plays a role of auxiliary fixing.
  • the force transmission member 32 and the drive mechanism 31 can be realized by the following structure.
  • the force transmission member 32 uses a force transmission lever 33; the power output end 311 of the drive mechanism 31 is connected to the force transmission lever 33, and transmits the driving force to the first arm 21 via the force transmission lever 33.
  • the driving mechanism 31 may use a cylinder or an electric push rod, that is, a telescopic structure of an electric or pneumatic mechanism may be used.
  • the drive mechanism 31 pulls the power transmission rod 33 through the telescopic cylinder or the electric push rod relative to its first arm
  • the mounting shaft core 34 on the 21 rotates; during the rotation, the first arm 21 is driven to rotate relative to the second arm 22; based on this, a relative rotatable mechanism is formed between the first arm 21 and the second arm 22.
  • the first arm 21 rotates toward the side of the second arm 22, and when extended, the first arm 21 straightens relative to the second arm 22, and the two are on the same axis.
  • the rotation directions of the first arm 21 and the second arm 22 depend on the installation positions of the drive mechanism 31 and the force transmission lever 33. From the top view shown in FIG. 2, the rotation centers 35 and 34 of the driving mechanism 31 and the force transmission lever 33 are installed on the same side in the axial direction of the coupler, and the first arm 21 can rotate toward this side.
  • the rotation center 34 of the force transmission lever 33 deviates from the longitudinal plane where the axis of the first arm 21 is located; (ie, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 13, it is located on the first side 8 of the foldable coupler, That is, the first side 8 of the foldable coupler or boom mechanism in FIG. 2 instead of the middle).
  • the main parts of the first arm 21 and the second arm 22 both adopt a cylinder.
  • the longitudinal plane mentioned here refers to the longitudinal plane where the axis of the cylinder is based on the angle of view of the coupler in the normal installation state. This structure forms an eccentric structure, which is more conducive to the rotation of the first arm 21 when a force is applied to the force transmission lever 33.
  • a first mounting seat 2104 is provided on the first arm 21, a force transmission rod 33 is mounted to the first arm 21 through the first mounting seat 2104, and the force transmission rod 33 is pivotally connected to the first mounting seat 2104, This axis is the rotation center 34 of the force transmission lever 33.
  • the second arm 22 is provided with a second mounting base 2203, and the driving mechanism 31 is mounted on the second mounting base 2203 through a rotating shaft, which is the rotation center 35 of the driving mechanism 31.
  • the driving mechanism 31 and the force transmission rod 33 are installed, they are longitudinally spaced apart from the rotating end surface of the first arm 21. According to the specific use environment of the coupler, the driving mechanism 31 and the force transmission rod 33 are located above the rotating end surface of the first arm 21 Or the lower side, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4.
  • the end surface of the first mounting seat 2104 for mounting the force transmission member is the first mounting surface 2105
  • the mounting surface of the second mounting seat 2203 for mounting the driving mechanism is the second mounting surface 2204
  • a mounting surface 2105 is unequal in height to the first arm 21, and a second mounting surface 2204 is unequal in height to the second arm 22; in addition, the first mounting surface 2105 and the second mounting surface 2204 are located on the first arm 21 and the second Taking the upper part of the arm 22 as an example, the first mounting seat 2104 and the second mounting seat 2203 are oppositely arranged on the same side of the coupler, namely the first side 8, and the foldable coupler can rotate relatively to the first side 8.
  • the first mounting surface 2105 and the second mounting surface 2204 are both located below the first arm 21 and the second arm 22. After the driving mechanism 31 and the force transmission rod 33 are installed, It is also located below the first arm 21 and the second arm 22, and also does not affect the relative rotation between the first arm 21 and the second arm 22.
  • a stopper 2106 is provided in the rotation direction of the force transmission member 32.
  • the stopper 2106 is provided on the first arm 21.
  • the number of stoppers 2106 can be selected according to the stop requirements.
  • a coupler straight stopper 2106 is provided. With respect to the rotation center 34 of the force transmission member 32, the rotation center 34 of the stopper 2106 and the force transmission lever 33 is located in the radial direction in the radial direction of the coupler The opposite side, that is, the stopper 2106 is located on the second side 9 of the coupler; in the longitudinal direction of the coupler, the stopper 2106 is located on the side closer to the buffer mechanism 6 with respect to the rotation center 34 of the force transmission lever, that is, the stop The stopper 2106 is closer to the second arm 22 with respect to the rotation center 34 of the force transmission lever. Referring to FIG. 1, in the straightened state of the coupler, the force transmission lever 33 abuts against the stopper 2106 to limit the further rotation of the force transmission lever 33 to achieve the rotational positioning in the straightened state of the coupler.
  • the coupler When the coupler is in use, it must be straightened. In order to further realize the locking in the extended state, the extended locking structure is further designed. The following implementation options are available:
  • the second arm 22 further includes:
  • the locking groove 2205 which is located at the end 2206 of the second arm (that is, the head 2202), and includes double-sided groove walls 2207, as shown in FIG. 7;
  • the foldable coupler further includes:
  • Locking block 10 rotatingly connected with the first arm 21, the center of rotation 101 is located on the upper or lower side of the locking groove 2205 (as shown in FIG. 8, located on the lower side), and can be caught in the locking groove 2205 or come out during rotation Locking slot 2205;
  • Interlocking mechanism 12 (refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, which is a rear view based on FIG. 1): respectively connected to the force transmission rod 33 and the locking block 10, and the locking block 10 is rotated to lock relatively when the force transmission rod 33 rotates The slot 2205 moves.
  • the locking block 10 is caught in the locking groove 2205, restricting the relative rotation of the first arm 21 and the second arm 22, and locking the first arm 21 relative to the second arm 22 is achieved; when the coupler is folded, The lock block 10 comes out of the lock groove 2205 to release the lock of the first arm 21 and the second arm 22.
  • the double-sided groove wall 2207 is a second groove wall 2209 close to one side of the rotation direction of the arm mechanism 2 and a first groove wall 2208 opposite to the second groove wall 2209.
  • the groove wall 2208 extends toward the first arm 21 relative to the second groove wall 2209. That is, the first groove wall 2208 is relatively longer than the second groove wall 2209.
  • the turning side of the boom mechanism 2 is the coupler or the first side 8 of the boom mechanism 2, it can be seen that the shorter second groove wall 2209 is closer to the first side 8 than the first groove wall 2208, and The first groove wall 2208 is close to the second side 9.
  • the locking block 10 Since the locking block 10 is rotatably connected to the first arm 21, the locking block 10 can rotate in the locking groove 2205 relative to the rotation center 101, so as to engage or disengage the locking groove 2205.
  • a fixing seat 2107 is provided on the bottom end surface 2111 of the clamping slot 2103 of the first arm, and the locking block 10 and the fixing seat 2107 are connected by a second pin 11; The second pin 11 becomes the rotation center 101 of the locking block 10.
  • the bottom 2108 and the upper part 2109 of the card slot 2103 are respectively provided with slots 2110, and the locking block 10 passes through the slots 2110.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the locking block 10 snapped in the locking slot 2205 As shown in FIG. 12, the locking block 10 is pulled out of the locking groove 2205 after being pulled. In order to better show the movement of the locking block 10, the shading is used to indicate the locking block 10, and some other components are omitted.
  • the interlocking mechanism 12 specifically includes a first component 121 and a second component 122.
  • the first component 121 connects the force transmission rod 33 and the locking block 10, respectively, and the second component 122 connects the locking block 10 and the second One arm 21 and the second part 122 are elastic members.
  • the first component 121 uses a pull cord 123, and the second component 122 uses a spring 124; wherein, the first component 121 is to pull the locking block 10 to rotate away from the locking groove 2205, and the second component 122 is to make the locking block 10 Turn so that it can be caught in the locking slot 2205.
  • the force transmission lever 33 transmits the pulling force to the locking block 10 via the pull cord 123, the locking block 10 moves in the slot 2110, and at the same time, the locking block 10 moves relatively outward of the locking slot 2205.
  • the spring 124 is stretched. The tensile force of the spring 124 is used as a restoring force to ensure that the locking block 10 can smoothly enter the locking groove 2205 during the process of turning and straightening the coupler.
  • the foldable coupler also has an adapter block 15, as shown in FIG. 9, the adapter block 15 is located on the second side 9 of the coupler, and has a first plate 151 and a second plate 152, which are roughly In an "L" shape, the adapter block 15 is connected to the locking block 10, and can drive the locking block 10 to rotate.
  • the adapter block 15 is key-connected with the second pin shaft 11, and the second pin shaft 11 is key-connected with the locking block 10, therefore, when the adapter block 15 rotates, it can be The second pin 11 rotates, which in turn drives the locking block 10 to rotate.
  • the first plate 151 is provided with a pillar 153, and the first end of the first member 121 or the pull cord is connected to the force transmission member 32, and the second end of the first plate 151 bypasses the pillar 153 and is mounted on the first arm 21 (At this time, the pillar 153 is somewhat similar to a pulley); or its second end is directly connected to the pillar 153. Therefore, the first component 121 is indirectly connected to the locking block 10 through the support 153 and the adapter block 15; when the force transmission rod 33 pulls the pull cord, the pull cord drives the adapter block 15 to rotate, thereby driving the locking block 10 to rotate, and Leave the lock slot 2205 (as shown in Figure 12, both the adapter block and the lock block rotate counterclockwise).
  • the first end of the second member 122 or the spring is connected to the second plate 152, and the second end of the spring is connected to the first arm 21.
  • the second end can be fixed to the first arm 21 by a bolt 16.
  • the second plate 152 is provided with a hook groove 154 to better install the second component 122.
  • the force transmission member 32 in this embodiment can not only move with the drive mechanism 31, so as to realize the folding and straightening of the coupler, it can also work with the linkage mechanism 12, so as to achieve the locking and folding of the coupler when the coupler is straightened It can be unlocked when there is no need to separate the folding and straightening of the coupler and the locking and unlocking of the coupler into two work processes.
  • the clever use of the synergy of the force transmission member 32 and the interlocking mechanism 12 saves time and manpower to a great extent.
  • the working process of folding, extending and locking the foldable coupler will be described in detail.
  • the cylinder rod of the cylinder is connected to the force transmission rod 33; meanwhile, the first arm 21 is connected to the hook head 1 and the second arm 22 is connected to the vehicle body 4 as an example.
  • the mechanism connection mode, or the second arm 22 is connected to the hook head 1 and the first arm 21 is connected to the vehicle body 4 the working principle of the folding of the coupler is the same as or similar to the following, only the rotating body is different, and will not be repeated here.
  • the driving mechanism 31 retracts, and in the direction of the viewing angle shown in FIG. 2, the driving mechanism 31 rotates clockwise with the power transmission lever 33, and the force transmission lever 33 pulls the first component 121, that is, the pull cord 123, The first component 121 moves in the direction of the hook head 1, thereby pulling the adapter block 15 to rotate around the second pin shaft 11 and driving the locking block 10 to rotate away from the locking groove 2205; when the locking block 10 is completely released from the locking groove 2205 , The coupler is unlocked; after that, the pulling force of the driving mechanism 31 is converted into a torque that pulls the first arm 21 to rotate clockwise through the conversion of the force transmission lever 33, and the coupler is folded, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the second component 122 namely the spring 124, is stretched, generating a restoring force.
  • the driving mechanism 31 When the foldable coupler is about to start to extend, the driving mechanism 31 extends, and its power output end 311 acts on the force transmission lever 33.
  • the force transmission lever 33 rotates counterclockwise to drive the first component 121, that is, the pull cord 123, away from the hook
  • the head 1 moves in the direction, and at the same time, the restoring force of the second member 122, namely the spring 124, acts on the adapter block 15 and drives the adapter block 15 to rotate around the second pin shaft 11 until the force transmission lever 33 reaches the stopper 2106 Limited position, in this process, due to the rotation of the second pin 11, the locking block 10 also rotates; then the driving mechanism 31 and the force transmission rod 33 drive the first arm 21 to rotate counterclockwise, the locking block 10 along the arc-shaped guide belt 2210 moves until the locking block 10 enters the locking groove 2205 under the action of the guide belt 2210 and the second groove wall 2209 to complete the locking, and the coupler is in the extended state.
  • This application designs an automatic foldable coupler, which can realize a driving device to drive the coupler to unlock, fold, extend, and lock, not only realize automatic folding, but also reduce the number of drive components and position feedback sensors, greatly simplifying Compared with existing products, the intermediate control process has outstanding technical advantages.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle including the foldable coupler described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

一种可折叠车钩，包括：钩头（1）；转臂机构（2），其包括第一臂（21）及与第一臂（21）转动连接的第二臂（22）；折叠机构（3），其包括驱动机构（31）和力传递部件（32）；驱动机构（31）安装在第二臂（22）上，力传递部件（32）可转动安装在第一臂（21）上；驱动机构（31）与力传递部件（32）连接，将驱动力经力传递部件（32）传递至第一臂（21），以使第一臂（21）和第二臂（22）之间产生相对转动；第一臂（21）连接至车体（4），第二臂（22）连接至钩头（1）；或第一臂（21）连接至钩头（1），第二臂（22）连接至车体（4）。还公开了一种具有该可折叠车钩的车辆。该可折叠车钩不仅实现了自动折叠，而且减少了驱动元件，大大简化了中间控制过程。

Description

可折叠车钩和车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆技术领域，具体涉及一种轨道车辆用可折叠车钩和车辆。
背景技术
车钩缓冲装置是车辆最基本也是最重要的部件之一，其作用是连接机车车辆、减缓列车间的纵向冲击力，列车救援或者重联运营时完成机械连挂后需控制电气车钩伸出，完成重联。完成后需要解编，需要将连挂的机械车钩及电气车钩分解。
可折叠车钩包括固定臂和可相对固定臂转动的转臂，通过转臂相对固定臂的转动实现折叠。例如，公开号为CN106274960A的中国专利公开了一种折叠车钩，包括前拉杆和后拉杆，折叠时，人工拉动把手，将前拉杆和后拉杆解锁；伸直过程同样通过把手控制。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种可折叠车钩，以及一种具有该可折叠车钩的车辆。
所述可折叠车钩，包括：
钩头；
转臂机构，其包括：第一臂，及与第一臂转动连接的第二臂；
折叠机构，其包括驱动机构和力传递部件；所述驱动机构安装在第二臂上，所述力传递部件可转动地安装在第一臂上；驱动机构与力传递部件连接，将驱动力经力传递部件传递至第一臂，以使第一臂和第二臂之间产生相对转动；
所述第一臂连接至车体，所述第二臂连接至钩头；或，所述第一臂连接至钩头，所述第二臂连接至车体。
可选地，所述驱动机构的动力输出端与力传递部件相连，用于将驱动力经力传递部件传递至第一臂。
可选地，所述力传递部件的转动中心偏离于转臂机构轴线所在的纵向面。或者说，所述力传递部件位于转臂机构的第一侧。
可选地，所述第一臂上设置有第一安装座，所述力传递部件或驱动机构与第一安装座转动连接；所述第二臂上设置有第二安装座，相应的，所述驱动机构或力传递部件与第二安装座转动连接。
可选地，驱动机构和力传递部件安装后，纵向间隔于第一臂和第二臂的转动端面。换而 言之，所述驱动机构和力传递部件位于转臂机构的上方或下方。
可选地，在力传递部件的转动范围内，第一臂上设置至少一个用于止挡力传递部件转动的止挡件。
可选地，相对于力传递部件的转动中心，至少有一个止挡件位于更靠近第二臂的一侧。
可选地，所述第二臂进一步包括：
锁定槽，其包括双侧槽壁；
所述可折叠车钩进一步包括：
锁定块，其与第一臂转动连接，其转动中心位于锁定槽的上侧或下侧，转动过程中可卡在锁定槽内或脱出锁定槽；
连动机构，其分别与力传递部件和锁定块连接，所述力传递部件将驱动力经连动部件传递至锁定块，在力传递部件转动过程中带动锁定块转动以相对锁定槽运动。
可选地，所述连动机构包括第一部件、第二部件和分别连接第一部件和第二部件的转接块；所述第一部件进一步连接至力传递部件，所述第二部件进一步连接至第一臂；所述转接块进一步连接至锁定块的转动中心，以驱动锁定块转动；所述第二部件为弹性件，且在锁定块脱出锁定槽时被拉伸。
可选地，所述转接块具有第一板和第二板，二者大致呈“L”形，第一部件为拉绳，其通过第一板上的支柱拉动第一板运动，从而带动锁定块转动；所述第二部件为弹簧，连接于第二板，通过拉动第二板，从而带动锁定块反向转动(即与拉绳拉动的相反的方向运动)。
可选地，所述锁定槽的双侧槽壁为靠近转臂机构转动方向一侧(即第一侧)的第二槽壁和与第二槽壁相对的第一槽壁，所述第一槽壁相对第二槽壁向第一臂的方向延长。
可选地，所述驱动机构及其转动中心和力传递部件的转动中心位于转臂机构的第一侧，所述止挡件和连动机构位于转臂机构的第二侧。
可选地，所述可折叠车钩进一步包括安装座，转臂机构连接至车体的一端与安装座轴接，所述安装座连接至车体。
可选地，所述转臂机构与安装座之间进一步设置有缓冲机构。
本申请还提供了一种可折叠车钩的操作方法，采用前文所述的可折叠车钩，其包括：
当可折叠车钩在伸直状态下需要折叠时，驱动机构缩回，带动力传递部件转动，进而使得连动机构带动锁定块转动，锁定块脱离锁定槽，使得车钩解锁；驱动机构继续缩回，带动第一臂相对第二臂转动，或带动第二臂相对第一臂转动，到达折叠状态；
当可折叠车钩在折叠状态下需要伸直时，驱动机构伸出，带动力传递部件转动，带动连 动机构放松，从而带动锁定块转动；当力传递部件到达止挡件后，驱动机构和力传递部件主要带动第一臂相对第二臂转动，或主要带动第二臂相对第一臂转动，到达伸直状态，此时，锁定块回到锁定槽中，进行锁定。
更具体地，当可折叠车钩在伸直状态下需要折叠时，驱动机构缩回，带动力传递部件转动，力传递部件拉动第一部件(如拉绳)，带动转接块转动，进而带动锁定块转动，锁定块脱离锁定槽，使得车钩解锁，此时第二部件被拉伸产生恢复力；驱动机构继续缩回，带动第一臂相对第二臂转动，或带动第二臂相对第一臂转动，到达折叠状态；
当可折叠车钩在折叠状态下需要伸直时，驱动机构伸出，带动力传递部件转动，第一部件被放松，第二部件由于恢复力带动转接块向相反方向转动，从而带动锁定块转动(此时，力传递部件可能会带动第一臂相对于第二臂转动，或者带动第二臂相对于第一臂转动)；当力传递部件到达止挡件后，驱动机构和力传递部件主要带动第一臂相对第二臂转动，或主要带动第二臂相对第一臂转动，到达伸直状态，此时，锁定块沿着导向带回到锁定槽中，进行锁定。
本申请进一步提供一种车辆，包括上述的可折叠车钩。
本申请提供的车钩的有益效果在于：
(1)本申请的一些实施方式相比于现有技术中的可折叠车钩增加了驱动装置和力传递部件，整体结构简单，采用一个驱动元件，即可以实现车钩的自动解锁、折叠、伸出、锁定。
(2)伸出和折叠状态下，均可实现锁定，不需要额外设置传感部件，即可控制运动过程。
附图说明
图1为折叠车钩一种实施方式伸出状态主视图；
图2为折叠车钩一种实施方式伸出状态俯视图；
图3为折叠车钩一种实施方式折叠状态俯视图；
图4为折叠车钩另一种实施方式伸出状态主视图；
图5为折叠车钩另一种实施方式折叠状态俯视图；
图6为基于图1的第一臂后视立体图；
图7为基于图1的第二臂后视立体图；
图8为第一臂与第二臂配合关系主视立体图；
图9为第一臂与第二臂配合关系后视立体图；
图10为第一臂与第二臂配合关系后视图；
图11为基于图1的后视局部放大图1；
图12为基于图1的后视局部放大图2；
图13为折叠车钩再一种实施方式伸出状态俯视图；
图14为折叠车钩再一种实施方式折叠状态俯视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本申请的技术方案进行详实的阐述，然而应当理解，在没有进一步叙述的情况下，一个实施方式中的元件、结构和特征也可以有益地结合到其他实施方式中。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请中的大多数方位术语为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。值得注意的是，本申请中的“上”和“下”主要是基于车钩的使用情况决定的，如图1所示，靠近地面(底部)为“下”，靠近上方为“上”。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
所述的实施方式仅仅是对本申请的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本申请的范围进行限定，在不脱离本申请设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本申请的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本申请权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
如图1-5所示，本申请的第一种实施方式提供了一种可折叠车钩(以下可简称为车钩)。所述可折叠车钩，包括钩头1、转臂机构2和折叠机构3。
所述转臂机构2，包括：第一臂21，及与第一臂21转动连接的第二臂22，第一臂21可相对第二臂22转动；转臂机构2包括一个连接至钩头1的钩头安装端23，以及一个连接至车体4的车体安装端24，转臂机构2安装在钩头1和车体4之间；其中车体安装端24为相对固定端，钩头安装端23为相对转动端(如图3、图5和图14所示)。
折叠机构3，包括驱动机构31和力传递部件32；驱动机构31安装在第二臂22上，力传递部件32可转动地安装在第一臂21上；驱动机构31与力传递部件32连接，将驱动力经 力传递部件32传递至第一臂21，以使第一臂21和第二臂22之间产生相对转动。
综上可知，转臂机构2和车体4以及钩头1的安装方式有如下两种：
第一种实施方式，如图1-5所示，车体安装端24位于第二臂22，即第二臂22一端连接至车体4，另一端与第一臂21转动连接；相应的，钩头安装端23位于第一臂21，即第一臂21一端连接至钩头1，另一端与第二臂22转动连接。
第二种实施方式，如图13和图14所示，车体安装端24位于第一臂21，即第一臂21一端连接至车体4，另一端与第二臂22转动连接；相应的，钩头安装端23位于第二臂22，即第二臂22一端接连至钩头1，另一端与第一臂21转动连接。
为了解决车体安装端24与车体4之间连接的问题，可折叠车钩还包括安装座5，第一臂21或第二臂22可以与安装座5轴接，以实现转臂机构2与车体4的安装。在一些实施方式或附图中省略了车体4，而仅显示了安装座5，也是可以理解的。可选地，为了使可折叠车钩具有缓冲吸能效果，可折叠车钩还包括缓冲机构6，参考图1-3，缓冲机构6被设置在转臂机构2和安装座5之间，第一臂21或第二臂221先与缓冲机构6连接，缓冲机构6再与安装座5轴接。当两个车钩成对使用时，两个钩头端相对连接，将相邻车厢连接；安装时通过钩头1相对组装，通过安装座5安装到车体上，缓冲机构6缓冲吸收车辆运行中的碰撞能量。而，缓冲机构6是可以被省略的，省略缓冲机构6的车钩，仅具有连挂作用，不具有缓冲吸能作用，这种结构可参考图4和图5。
以上两种实施方式，在驱动机构31向力传递部件32施加驱动力后，都可以实现转臂机构2由钩头1向车体4的转动，实现车钩折叠，如图3，图5和图14所示。
可选地，第一臂21和第二臂22通过如下结构实现转动连接。具体参考图6和图7，第一臂21上包括第一安装孔2101，第二臂22上对应也包括第二安装孔2201，第一销轴7通过安装孔2101、2201，将二者组装。优选地，为了实现第一臂21和第二臂22之间更稳定的安装，本实施方式中，第一臂21靠近第二臂22一侧的头部2102形成一个凹形卡槽2103的结构，两个第一安装孔2101位于卡槽处，第二臂22的头部2202(具有第二安装孔)深入卡槽2103内。通过第一销轴7贯穿第二安装孔2201，以及上下两个第一安装孔2101，从而连接第一臂21和第二臂22；卡槽起到辅助固定的作用。
力传递部件32和驱动机构31可通过如下结构实现。力传递部件32采用力传递杆33；驱动机构31的动力输出端311与力传递杆33连接，将驱动力经力传递杆33传递至第一臂21。驱动机构31可以采用气缸或电动推杆，即可以采用电动或气动机构的伸缩结构。
参考图1-3，若，第一臂21连接至钩头1，第二臂22连接至车体4，驱动机构31通过 气缸或电动推杆的伸缩拉动力传递杆33相对其在第一臂21上的安装轴芯34转动；转动过程中，带动第一臂21相对第二臂22转动；基于此，第一臂21和第二臂22之间形成一种可相对转动的机构。当折叠时，第一臂21向第二臂22的一侧转动，当伸出时，第一臂21相对第二臂22伸直，二者处于同一轴线。第一臂21和第二臂22的转动方向取决于驱动机构31和力传递杆33的安装位置。以图2所示的俯视视角，驱动机构31和力传递杆33的转动中心35,34安装在车钩的轴向的同一侧，第一臂21可向该侧转动。
或者，参考图13和图14，若，第二臂22连接至钩头1，第一臂21连接至车体4，则驱动机构31的驱动力通过力传递杆33后，相对转化为对第二臂22的反作用力，第二臂22相对第一臂21转动。具体原理如上文，不再赘述。
作为本申请实施方式的进一步优化，力传递杆33的转动中心34偏离于第一臂21轴所在的纵向面；(即如图2和图13所示，位于可折叠车钩的第一侧8，即图2中可折叠车钩或转臂机构的第一侧8，而非中部)。第一臂21和第二臂22的主体部分均采用柱体，此处所述的纵向面，是指以车钩正常安装状态下的视角为基础，圆柱体的轴所在的纵向平面。这种结构形成了一种偏心结构，在力施加到力传递杆33时，更利于第一臂21的旋转。
具体说，在第一臂21上设置有第一安装座2104，力传递杆33通过第一安装座2104安装到第一臂21上，力传递杆33与第一安装座2104之间轴接，该轴为力传递杆33的转动中心34。相应的，第二臂22上设置有第二安装座2203，驱动机构31通过转轴安装在第二安装座2203上，该轴为驱动机构31的转动中心35。
驱动机构31和力传递杆33安装后，纵向间隔于第一臂21的转动端面，结合车钩的具体使用环境，驱动机构31和力传递杆33安装后，位于第一臂21转动端面的上侧或下侧，如图1和图4所示。第一安装座2104用于安装力传递部件的端面为第一安装面2105，第二安装座2203用于安装驱动机构的安装面为第二安装面2204；结合参考以图1和图4，第一安装面2105与第一臂21不等高，第二安装面2204与第二臂22不等高；此外，以第一安装面2105和第二安装面2204均位于第一臂21和第二臂22的上方为例，第一安装座2104和第二安装座2203相对设置在车钩的同一侧边，即第一侧8，可折叠车钩可相对向第一侧8转动。由于驱动机构31和力传递杆33安装之后，高于第一臂21和第二臂22高度，驱动机构31和力传递杆33不会影响第一臂21和第二臂22之间的相对转动。
本领域技术人员可以理解，也可以采用如下结构，第一安装面2105和第二安装面2204均位于第一臂21和第二臂22的下方，由于驱动机构31和力传递杆33安装之后，也位于第一臂21和第二臂22的下方，同样不影响第一臂21和第二臂22之间的相对转动。
作为一种优选的实施方式，为了实现伸出旋转动作的锁定，在力传递部件32转动方向上设置止挡件2106。本实施方式中，止挡件2106设置在第一臂21上。根据止挡需求可选择设置止挡件2106的数量。
本实施方式中，设置一个车钩伸直止挡件2106，相对于力传递部件32的转动中心34，在车钩径向方向上，止挡件2106与力传递杆33的转动中心34位于径向方向的异侧，即止挡件2106位于车钩的第二侧9；在车钩长度方向上，该止挡件2106相对力传递杆的转动中心34位于更靠近缓冲机构6的一侧，也即是止挡件2106相对力传递杆的转动中心34更靠近第二臂22。参考图1，在车钩伸直状态下，力传递杆33与止挡件2106相抵，限制力传递杆33的进一步转动，实现车钩伸直状态下的转动定位。
车钩使用状态下，需要保证伸直状态。为进一步实现伸出状态下的锁定，进一步设计伸出锁定结构。可选择如下实施方式：
所述第二臂22进一步包括：
锁定槽2205，锁定槽2205位于第二臂的端部2206(亦即头部2202)，包括双侧槽壁2207，如图7所示；
如图8-12所示，可折叠车钩进一步包括：
锁定块10：与第一臂21转动连接，其转动中心101位于锁定槽2205的上侧或下侧(如图8所示，位于下侧)，转动过程中可卡在锁定槽2205内或脱出锁定槽2205；
连动机构12(参考图9和图10，其为基于图1的后视图)：分别与力传递杆33和锁定块10连接，在力传递杆33转动过程中带动锁定块10转动以相对锁定槽2205运动。当车钩处于伸出状态时，锁定块10卡在锁定槽2205内，限制第一臂21和第二臂22的相对转动，实现第一臂21相对第二臂22的锁定；当车钩折叠时，锁定块10从锁定槽2205内脱出，解除第一臂21和第二臂22的锁定。
更具体地，如图7所示，所述双侧槽壁2207为靠近转臂机构2转动方向一侧的第二槽壁2209和与第二槽壁2209相对的第一槽壁2208，第一槽壁2208相对第二槽壁2209向第一臂21的方向延长。即，第一槽壁2208相对比第二槽壁2209长。锁定块10转动过程中，从第二槽壁2209的一侧脱出，解锁，并沿着导向带2210运动(如图11至图12的过程)。由于转臂机构2转动的一侧为车钩或者转臂机构2的第一侧8，因此，可知，与第一槽壁2208相比，较短的第二槽壁2209靠近第一侧8，而第一槽壁2208靠近第二侧9。
由于所述锁定块10与第一臂21转动连接，因此锁定块10可相对于转动中心101在锁定槽2205中转动，从而卡接或脱离锁定槽2205。具体地，可以如图9-12所示，第一臂的 卡槽2103的底部端面2111上设置有固定座2107，锁定块10和固定座2107之间通过第二销轴11连接；所述第二销轴11即成为锁定块10的转动中心101。卡槽2103底部2108和上部2109上，分别对应设置有槽口2110，锁定块10穿过槽口2110。从而锁定块10可相对于固定座2107在槽口2110中左右运动，并相对于锁定槽2205卡接或脱离锁定槽2205；如图11所示为锁定块10卡接在锁定槽2205中的示意图，如图12所示为锁定块10被拉动后脱离锁定槽2205的示意图；图中为了更好地显示锁定块10的运动，采用阴影表示锁定块10，并省略了一些其他部件。
如图9-12所示，连动机构12具体包括第一部件121和第二部件122，第一部件121分别连接力传递杆33和锁定块10，第二部件122分别连接锁定块10和第一臂21，第二部件122为弹性件。本实施方式中，第一部件121采用拉绳123，第二部件122采用弹簧124；其中，第一部件121是为了拉动锁定块10转动从而离开锁定槽2205，第二部件122是为了使锁定块10转动，从而可以卡在锁定槽2205中。
当驱动机构31拉动力传递杆33转动时，力传递杆33将拉力经拉绳123传递至锁定块10，锁定块10在槽口2110中运动，同时锁定块10相对向锁定槽2205外侧运动。在锁定块10脱出锁定槽2205的过程中，弹簧124被拉伸。弹簧124的拉伸力作为回复力，保证车钩从旋转到伸直的过程中，锁定块10可以顺利的进入锁定槽2205。
具体地，所述可折叠车钩还具有转接块15，如图9所示，所述转接块15位于车钩的第二侧9，其具有第一板151和第二板152，二者大致呈“L”形，所述转接块15与锁定块10连接，可驱动锁定块10转动。
具体地，可采用以下方式实现，所述转接块15与第二销轴11键连接，所述第二销轴11与锁定块10键连接，因此，当转接块15转动时，可带着第二销轴11转动，进而带动锁定块10转动。
可选地，所述第一板151设有支柱153，所述第一部件121或拉绳的第一端连接力传递部件32，其第二端绕过支柱153，安装在第一臂21上(此时，所述支柱153有点类似滑轮)；或其第二端直接连接在支柱153上。从而所述第一部件121通过支柱153和转接块15间接地与锁定块10连接；当力传递杆33拉动拉绳时，拉绳带动转接块15转动，从而带动锁定块10转动，而离开锁定槽2205(如图12所示，转接块和锁定块均逆时针转动)。
第二部件122或弹簧的第一端与第二板152相连，其第二端与第一臂21相连，例如，可通过螺栓16将第二端固定在第一臂21上。所述第二板152上开设有挂钩槽154，以便更好地安装第二部件122。当拉绳拉动锁定块10离开锁定槽2205时，由于转接块15的转动， 使得弹簧慢慢被拉伸；当力传递杆33将拉绳放松时，弹簧将带动转接块15，转接块15进而带动锁定块10转动，并沿着导向带2210进入锁定槽2205，并锁定在其中。
本实施方式中的力传递部件32不仅可以与驱动机构31一起运动，从而实现车钩的折叠和伸直，其还可以与连动机构12一起工作，从而实现对车钩伸直时的锁定和车钩折叠时的解锁，而不用将车钩的折叠伸直与车钩的锁定解锁分为两个工作流程来执行。本实施方式通过巧妙地运用力传递部件32与连动机构12的协同作用，从而在很大程度上节约了时间和人力。
以下，将详述可折叠车钩的折叠、伸出及锁定的工作过程。以采用气缸作为驱动机构为例，气缸的气缸杆与力传递杆33连接；同时以第一臂21连接至钩头1，第二臂22连接至车体4为例，若采用其他方式的驱动机构连接方式，或第二臂22连接至钩头1，第一臂21连接至车体4，车钩的折叠工作原理与下文相同或相似，仅是转动主体不同，此处不再赘述。
1、伸出、锁定状态
当可折叠车钩处于此状态时，第一臂21与第二臂22处于同一直线，驱动机构31为伸出状态，锁定块10处于锁定槽2205中，详见图1和图2。
2、解锁、折叠过程
当可折叠车钩准备开始折叠时，驱动机构31缩回，以图2所示视角方向，驱动机构31带动力传递杆33顺时针转动，力传递杆33拉动第一部件121，即拉绳123，第一部件121向钩头1方向移动，从而拉动转接块15绕第二销轴11转动，带动锁定块10向脱离锁定槽2205的方向转动；当锁定块10完全从锁定槽2205内脱出后，车钩解锁；此后，驱动机构31的拉力经过力传递杆33的转换全部转换为拉动第一臂21顺时针转动的力矩，车钩折叠，如图3所示。同时，这个过程中，第二部件122，即弹簧124，被拉伸，产生恢复力。
3、伸出过程
当可折叠车钩准备开始伸出时，驱动机构31伸出，其动力输出端311作用于力传递杆33，力传递杆33逆时针转动，带动第一部件121，即拉绳123，向远离钩头1方向移动，同时，第二部件122，即弹簧124，的恢复力作用于转接块15，带动转接块15绕第二销轴11转动，直到力传递杆33到达止挡件2106的限定位置，在这个过程中，由于第二销轴11的转动，锁定块10也跟着转动；随后驱动机构31和力传递杆33带动第一臂21逆时针转动，锁定块10沿弧形导向带2210运动，直至锁定块10在导向带2210及第二槽壁2209的作用下进入锁定槽2205中完成锁定，此时车钩为伸出状态。
本申请设计了一种自动可折叠车钩，可实现一个驱动装置驱动车钩实现解锁、折叠、伸出、锁定动作，不仅实现了自动折叠，而且减少了驱动元件、位置反馈传感器的数量，大大 简化了中间控制过程，与现有产品相比，具有突出技术优势。
本申请的一种实施方式还提供了一种车辆，其包括前文所述的可折叠车钩。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种可折叠车钩，其特征在于，包括：
    钩头；
    转臂机构，包括：第一臂，及与第一臂转动连接的第二臂；
    折叠机构，包括：驱动机构和力传递部件；所述驱动机构安装在第二臂上，所述力传递部件可转动地安装在第一臂上；驱动机构与力传递部件连接，将驱动力经力传递部件传递至第一臂，以使第一臂和第二臂之间产生相对转动；
    所述第一臂连接至车体，所述第二臂连接至钩头；或，所述第一臂连接至钩头，所述第二臂连接至车体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，所述力传递部件的转动中心偏离于转臂机构轴线所在的纵向面。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，所述第一臂上设置有第一安装座，所述力传递部件或驱动机构与第一安装座转动连接；所述第二臂上设置有第二安装座，相应的，所述驱动机构或力传递部件与第二安装座转动连接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，驱动机构和力传递部件安装后，纵向间隔于第一臂和第二臂转动端面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，所述力传递部件安装在第一臂上，在力传递部件的转动范围内，第一臂上进一步设置至少一个用于止挡力传递部件转动的止挡件。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，相对于力传递部件的转动中心，至少有一个止挡件位于更靠近第二臂的一侧。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，所述第二臂进一步包括：
    锁定槽：包括双侧槽壁；
    所述可折叠车钩进一步包括：
    锁定块：与第一臂转动连接，锁定块的转动中心位于锁定槽的上侧或下侧，转动过程中可卡在锁定槽内或脱出锁定槽；
    连动机构：分别与力传递部件和锁定块连接，所述力传递部件将驱动力经连动部件传递至锁定块，在力传递部件转动过程中带动锁定块转动以相对锁定槽运动。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于，所述连动机构包括第一部件、第二部件和分别连接第一部件和第二部件的转接块；所述第一部件进一步连接至力传递部件，所述第二部件进一步连接至第一臂；所述转接块进一步连接至锁定块的转动中心，以驱动锁定块转动； 所述第二部件为弹性件，且在锁定块脱出锁定槽时被拉伸。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于：所述锁定槽的双侧槽壁为靠近转臂机构转动方向一侧的第二槽壁和与第二槽壁相对的第一槽壁，所述第一槽壁相对第二槽壁向第一臂的方向延长。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于：所述可折叠车钩进一步包括安装座，转臂机构连接至车体的一端与安装座轴接，所述安装座连接至车体。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的可折叠车钩，其特征在于：所述转臂机构与安装座之间进一步设置有缓冲机构。
  12. 一种车辆，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的可折叠车钩。
PCT/CN2019/120626 2019-09-09 2019-11-25 可折叠车钩和车辆 WO2020140646A1 (zh)

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