WO2019245031A1 - 腸溶性硬質カプセル - Google Patents
腸溶性硬質カプセル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019245031A1 WO2019245031A1 PCT/JP2019/024713 JP2019024713W WO2019245031A1 WO 2019245031 A1 WO2019245031 A1 WO 2019245031A1 JP 2019024713 W JP2019024713 W JP 2019024713W WO 2019245031 A1 WO2019245031 A1 WO 2019245031A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
- A61K31/167—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/381—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having five-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/612—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid
- A61K31/616—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid by carboxylic acids, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
- A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4883—Capsule finishing, e.g. dyeing, aromatising, polishing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an enteric hard capsule, an enteric hard capsule preparation solution, a method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation solution, and a method for preparing an enteric hard capsule.
- Enteric is one of the dosage forms of a preparation to be orally administered, and generally means a property of the preparation that is hardly dissolved in the stomach. In addition, the preparation has a property that it is easily dissolved after transferring to the intestine.
- the enteric preparation does not release the drug active ingredient in the stomach under a strongly acidic environment, but releases the drug active ingredient after the preparation moves into the intestine. For this reason, enteric-coated preparations are mainly used for the purpose of protecting the drug active ingredient from stomach acid or enzymes in the stomach, and for releasing the drug active ingredient continuously by utilizing the time required for the preparation to move from the stomach to the small intestine. Is done.
- enteric solubility refers to Japan (17th Pharmacopoeia, 6.10 Dissolution Test Method, 4.3 Enteric Preparations), US (US Pharmacopeia Monograph ⁇ 711> Dissolution 7, Delayed-Release Dosage Forms), and Pharmacopeia in Europe (European Pharmacopeia, 2.9.3, Delayed-release dosage forms). Particularly in Japan, Europe and the United States, it is required that acid resistance of a level that can be said to be substantially insoluble for 2 hours under an environment of an acidic environment (about pH 1.2, diluted with hydrochloric acid) at 37 ° C. I have. On the other hand, the dissolution characteristics in the intestine do not have a particular time limit. The elution characteristics required vary depending on whether the release target site is the small intestine, colon, or large intestine, whether the drug release characteristics are immediate release, sustained release, and the like.
- an enteric hard capsule is prepared by coating a non-enteric hard capsule filled with contents with the same enteric polymer as a tablet (coating method).
- a method of applying an enteric coating by a dipping method to a non-enteric hollow capsule before release from a dip pin has been conventionally performed (Patent Documents 1 to 6, Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). 3).
- Such conventional techniques include: (1) Instead of or in combination with the acid-resistant enteric polymer, using a gelling agent capable of imparting acid resistance such as gellan gum, and maintaining acid resistance while improving gelling properties and film performance.
- Patent Documents 7 to 10 (2) using a solvent-based immersion solution instead of a water-based solution (Patent Document 11); (3) Partially using a conventional polymer, such as gelatin or water-soluble cellulose, having a low water-soluble acid-resistant enteric polymer as a main component and high water-soluble and film-forming ability (Patent Documents 12 and 13); (4) In order to obtain a water-soluble derivative containing a poorly water-soluble enteric polymer, almost all acid groups (particularly carboxyl groups) of the enteric polymer are salified, or a non-chlorinated polymer is basic neutralized.
- Patent Documents 12 to 20, 26 to 28 Dissolving in water by at least partially neutralizing with an agent or using a non-chlorinated emulsion dispersion (Patent Documents 12 to 20, 26 to 28); and (5) Using an alternative technique that does not require solubilization of the polymer, such as injection molding (Patent Documents 21 to 25, Non-Patent Document 4) And so on.
- Hard capsules are usually prepared by dipping (dipping). Specifically, in the immersion method, a capsule coating polymer material is dissolved into an aqueous solution, a forming pin (generally a stainless steel forming pin) is immersed in the polymer aqueous solution, and the forming pin is pulled up from the immersion liquid. Then, the forming pin is turned over, and the polymer aqueous solution adhering to the surface of the forming pin is dried to form a film having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m. Next, the dried capsule film is removed from the molding pin, cut into a desired length, filled with the contents, the cap and the body are assembled, printed on the surface of the hard capsule, and the hard capsule is packaged.
- a forming pin generally a stainless steel forming pin
- the polymer that is the main component of the hard capsule film is water-soluble, or a dispersion in which very fine colloid or solid fine particles are dispersed. Desirably, it is a liquid.
- the molding pin immersed in the preparation liquid is pulled up, it is desirable that the polymer has a property of rapidly gelling due to a rapid rise or fall of the temperature, that is, a property of rapidly gelling, that is, a hot gelling or cold gelling ability.
- the aqueous preparation liquid for immersion is required to be able to suppress dripping immediately after pulling up the molding pin, and to finally form a film having sufficient hardness and toughness as a hard capsule by drying and solidifying by evaporation of water.
- enteric polymers for coating also referred to as enteric base
- enteric base the physical properties of enteric polymers for coating
- a film formed from an enteric polymer or a coating solution containing it that is commercially available for coating tablets can function as a film on the surface of a solid substance called a tablet, but it does not necessarily have to be a film itself as a film alone. And has no strength. For this reason, it is difficult to form a film with the enteric polymer alone. Even if the film can be formed independently, there is a problem in strength, and the film alone cannot be used as a hard capsule.
- the prior art also has the following problems.
- the moldability of the hard capsule film is improved, but the acid resistance is insufficient.
- the pH of an aqueous solution containing the polymer, or the cation and the ionic group of the enteric polymer may be reduced.
- the interaction of the polymer impairs the stability of the aqueous polymer solution or dispersion and the cold gelling performance of the gelling agent.
- the capsule film when gelatin is used as a water-soluble polymer or a cold gelling agent, the capsule film often becomes cloudy due to insufficient compatibility with the acid-resistant enteric polymer.
- a neutralizing agent for example, an alkaline agent
- the hard capsule containing the above-mentioned enteric polymer as a main component is stored under severe conditions of high temperature, the neutralizing agent component is gradually removed from the capsule.
- the salt may come out, precipitate a salt, and yellowish in appearance.
- the effect is significant when ammonia is used for neutralization.
- ammonia evaporates during the capsule manufacturing process, particularly during the drying process, it is necessary to take measures for exposure during operation.
- the dispersion is not neutralized and completely dissolved, but is partially neutralized and used as a fine dispersion, particularly when only an enteric cellulose compound is used as the enteric base, the particle size is sufficiently reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to neutralize a majority of the carboxyl groups, and there is a problem that the amount of residual salts in the film may be as high as 1 to 10% by mass. Furthermore, when an enteric cellulose compound is used as an enteric polymer, its thermogel properties are often used, and there is no known immersion preparation liquid suitable for molding by the cold gel method.
- An acidic (meth) acrylic acid copolymer containing a carboxyl group and a neutral alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer form an aqueous dispersion (emulsion) containing colloid particles having a diameter of several tens nm in each emulsion polymerization process.
- aqueous dispersion emulsion
- colloid particles having a diameter of several tens nm in each emulsion polymerization process.
- Capsule formation by a dipping method using a colloidal mixed dispersion of the (meth) acrylic acid copolymer and the neutral (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer has also been proposed, but even if the capsule shape can be ensured, it is used as a hard capsule. It cannot be said that sufficient mechanical strength has been obtained. Further, since the dispersion liquid itself does not have a cold gelling ability and is simply solidified by drying, dripping is remarkable and is not suitable for mass production of hard capsules
- thermoplasticity of the polymer Therefore, there is a concern that the polymer itself may be thermally denatured due to heat treatment at about 100 ° C. in the molding process.
- the polymers that can be used to maintain thermoplasticity are limited. In particular, among the cellulose compounds, hydroxypropyl cellulose is preferred because of its good workability, but the hardness of the capsule coating tends to be insufficient.
- the coating of hard capsules currently generally distributed has a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m, and the contents are filled by a capsule filling machine.
- injection molding it is necessary to take measures such as mixing a plasticizer enough to sacrifice acid resistance to the film to prevent cracking, or maintaining mechanical strength as a thick film of about several hundred ⁇ m. . For this reason, the interaction between a large amount of additives and the content drug may be a problem.
- the coating of the hard capsule formed by injection molding must be thicker than the hard capsule in circulation, enteric hard capsules that maintain compatibility with commonly used capsule filling machines Preparation is difficult.
- One object of the present invention is to provide an enteric capsule which can be formed by a cold gel method.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an enteric hard capsule that is compatible with a commonly used non-enteric hard capsule in workability such as filling work.
- enteric hard capsules have good enteric properties and good mechanical strength as hard capsules. Furthermore, it has been found that a hard capsule can be prepared by a cold gel method using a liquid for preparing an enteric hard capsule containing the above components.
- the present invention may include the following embodiments.
- Item 1. (A) an intestine comprising a film containing the first component and the second component, or (b) a film containing the first component and the second component, and further containing at least one of the components consisting of the third component and the fourth component.
- a soluble hard capsule wherein the first component is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more, the second component is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, and the third component is water.
- the first component, the second component, the third component, and the fourth component contained in the coating are the first component when the total weight is 100% by mass.
- Proportion, 30 to 70 wt%, the proportion of the second component is 30 to 60 mass%, the sum of the ratio of the first component and the second component is 70 mass% or more, enteric hard capsules.
- Item 3. The enteric hard capsule according to any one of Items 1 or 2, wherein the first component is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of substitution degree type 2910 or substitution degree type 2906.
- the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer of the second component is a copolymer composed of 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate.
- the content of the carboxyl group forming a salt is 2 to Item 10.
- Item 10. Item 10.
- Item 11. Item 11.
- Item 12. Item 12.
- Item 13 The enteric hard capsule according to any one of Items 1 to 11, wherein the film has an elongation at break after conditioning at 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 22% of 2% to 30%.
- Item 14 Claims 1 to 13 wherein the coating of the enteric hard capsule has a sea-island structure, the island phase is substantially composed of the first component, and the sea phase is a mixed phase of the first component and the second component.
- Item 15. Item 15. The enteric capsule according to Item 14, wherein the sea phase further contains third and fourth components.
- Item 16 Item 16.
- Item 17. The enteric hard capsule according to any one of Items 1 to 16, wherein a dissolution rate of the enteric hard capsule after 2 hours in a dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 1.2 is 10% or less.
- Item 18. The enteric hard capsule according to Item 17, wherein in the dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 6.8, the dissolution rate of the enteric hard capsule after 45 minutes is 75% or more.
- the enteric hard capsule according to Item 17 wherein in a dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 6.8, the time required for the dissolution rate of the enteric hard capsule to reach 75% or more is 60 minutes or more.
- Item 20 Item 18.
- the component ii is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, wherein the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid is prepared.
- Item 22. Item 22.
- Item 23. Item 23.
- the enteric capsule preparation liquid according to any one of Items 20 to 22, wherein the i-th component is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a substitution degree type of 2910 or 2906.
- Item 25 The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to any one of Items 21 to 24, wherein a part of the component ii is partially neutralized by the basic neutralizing agent.
- Item 26. The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 25, wherein the degree of neutralization of the partial neutralization is 2 to 20% with respect to the equivalent required for complete neutralization of the component ii.
- Item 27. The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 26, wherein the degree of neutralization of the partial neutralization is 5 to 15% with respect to the equivalent required for complete neutralization of the component ii.
- Item 28 The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to any one of Items 21 to 27, wherein the component ii is dispersed as colloid particles.
- Item 30. The enteric solution according to any one of Items 21 to 28, wherein the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is a copolymer composed of 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate. Hard capsule preparation solution.
- Item 31. The enteric-coated hard capsule preparation liquid according to any one of Items 21 to 29, comprising a water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer and / or ethyl cellulose as the component iii.
- Item 31. The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 30, wherein the component iii is dispersed as colloid particles.
- the enteric hard according to any one of Items 21 to 31, further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer acceptable as a pharmaceutical or food additive as an iv component, and a surfactant. Capsule preparation solution.
- Item 33 When the total mass of the i-th component, the ii-th component, the iii-th component, and the iv component contained in the enteric-coated hard capsule preparation liquid is 100% by mass, the proportion of the i-th component is 30 to 70% by mass.
- Item 34 An enteric hard capsule preparation according to Item 32. Item 34.
- the ratio of the ii-th component is 30 to 60% by mass.
- Item 34 The enteric-coated hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 32 or 33.
- Item 35 When the total of the i-th component, the ii-th component, the iii-th component, and the iv-th component contained in the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid is 100% by mass, the mass ratio of the iii-th component is 0 to 30% by mass. Item 35.
- the ratio of the iv-component contained in the enteric-coated hard capsule preparation liquid is 100% by mass, the ratio of the iv-component is 0 to 12% by mass.
- Item 35. The enteric-coated hard capsule preparation according to any one of Items 32 to 35, wherein Item 37.
- Item 37. The enteric solution according to any one of Items 21 to 36, wherein the basic neutralizing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide. Hard capsule preparation solution.
- the basic neutralizing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide.
- Items 32-37 wherein the total amount of the i-th component, the ii-th component, the iii-th component, and the iv-component is 12 to 30% by mass when the enteric hard capsule preparation solution is 100% by mass.
- Item 39. The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to any one of Items 21 to 38, which has a viscosity of 100 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- Item 40 A method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid, comprising a step of mixing the i-th component and the ii-component under conditions in which a basic neutralizing agent acceptable as a pharmaceutical or food additive is present in a solvent.
- the component i is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more, and the component ii is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer.
- Preparation method Item 41.
- Item 41. The method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 40, wherein the viscosity value of the i-th component is 10 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- Item 42. The method for preparing an enteric capsule preparation according to any one of Items 40 or 41, wherein the i-th component is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of substitution degree type 2910 or substitution degree type 2906.
- Item 43 Item 43.
- Preparation method of hard capsule preparation liquid Item 44.
- the basic neutralizing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide.
- Preparation method of hard capsule preparation liquid Item 45. 45.
- the enteric solution according to any one of items 40 to 44, comprising: a step of preparing a partially neutralized solution of the component ii; and a step B of preparing a partially dissolved solution of the component ii.
- Preparation method of hard capsule preparation liquid Item 46.
- the step A is a step of preparing a partially neutralized solution in which the component ii is at least partially neutralized with a basic neutralizer that is pharmaceutically or as a food additive and is then dissolved in a solvent.
- Item 45 The preparation of an enteric hard capsule according to Item 45, wherein the degree of neutralization of the component ii in the partially neutralized solution is 2 to 20% with respect to the neutralization equivalent required for complete neutralization of the component ii. Preparation of liquid.
- Item 47 Item 46. The method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 46, wherein the degree of neutralization is 5 to 15%.
- Item 48. Item 49. The intestine according to any one of Items 45 to 47, wherein the step A is a step of adding a basic neutralizing agent to the dispersion liquid of the colloid particles of the component ii to obtain a partially neutralized liquid. Preparation method of soluble hard capsule preparation liquid.
- Item 49. 48 The process according to any one of items 45 to 47, wherein the step A is a step of dispersing the solid powder of the component ii in a solvent and then adding a basic neutralizing agent to obtain a partially neutralized solution.
- the step B is a step of preparing a partially dissolved solution obtained by partially dissolving the i-th component in the partially neutralized solution containing the ii-th component, and the step of preparing the partially-dissolved solution comprises: At a first temperature T1 higher than or equal to the cloud point T0 of the ith component, was added to the partially neutralized solution containing the ii component, and the ith component was partially dissolved at a second temperature T2 lower than the cloud point. 50.
- the method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to any one of items 45 to 49, which is a step of preparing a dispersion liquid.
- Item 51 Item 51.
- the method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to Item 50 further comprising a step of maintaining the solution obtained in the mixing step at a third temperature T3 lower than the cloud point of the i-th component.
- Item 52. Item 51.
- Item 53. Item 53.
- the method according to Item 52, wherein the third temperature range T3 is 30 ° C to 65 ° C.
- Item 56. A method for preparing an enteric hard capsule comprising the following steps: Item 51. The enteric hard capsule preparation liquid according to any one of Items 21 to 39 or the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid obtained by the preparation method according to any one of Items 40 to 55, A first step of immersing a mold pin having a surface temperature lower than the temperature of the soluble hard capsule preparation liquid; and pulling up the mold pin from the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid, and removing the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid adhered to the mold pin. The second step of drying. Item 57. Item 61.
- the method for preparing an enteric hard capsule according to Item 56 wherein the temperature of the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid is 30 to 65 ° C. Item 58. Item 58.
- Item 21. A seal liquid containing, as a main component, a solution obtained by diluting a non-neutralized hydroxypropylmethyl acetate succinate in a mixed solvent of water / ethanol or water / isopropanol with respect to the enteric hard capsule according to any one of Items 1 to 20.
- Item 21 A hard capsule preparation in which the enteric hard capsule according to any one of Items 1 to 20 is filled with the active drug, wherein the active drug is tested after 2 hours in a dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 1.2. A hard capsule preparation having an elution rate of 10% or less.
- Item 64 Item 21.
- Item 21. A hard capsule preparation in which the enteric hard capsule according to any one of Items 1 to 20 is filled with an active drug, wherein the active drug is tested after 2 hours in a dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 4.0. 65.
- a double hard capsule preparation comprising the enteric hard capsule according to any one of items 1 to 20 inside a hard capsule dissolvable under acidic conditions.
- Item 67. A core particle phase composed of a water-soluble polymer fine particle which is pharmaceutically or food additive-free and which does not contain an active drug; and a binder phase which covers the surface of the core particle and / or binds between the core particles.
- Item 70. The hard capsule according to Item 68, wherein the water-soluble polymer is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the hard capsule according to item 67, wherein the functional polymer is an enteric coating base and / or a sustained release coating base forming an aqueous dispersion of water-soluble or colloidal particles.
- Item 71. Item 71.
- Item 72. An enteric or sustained-release hard capsule comprising a film containing the components I and II, wherein the component I has an average particle size of the dry raw material powder of 1 to 100 ⁇ m and a lower critical solution temperature.
- the second component is an enteric coating base and / or sustained release coating base which forms an aqueous dispersion of water-soluble or colloidal particles;
- An enteric or sustained release hard capsule prepared by maintaining an aqueous dispersion containing at least undissolved fine particles of component I and component II at a temperature near the lower critical co-solution temperature of component I.
- Item 73. An enteric hard capsule comprising a film containing the component I and the component II, wherein the component I is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more, and the component II is an enteric hard capsule.
- a soluble methacrylic acid copolymer wherein the enteric hard capsule contains at least undissolved fine particles of component I and component II, and further has a concentration of basic neutralization capable of partially neutralizing component II.
- fine particles of a pharmaceutically acceptable or food additive-free water-soluble polymer containing no active drug are dispersed, and a functional polymer different from the water-soluble polymer is dissolved, and / or A hard capsule preparation liquid in which colloid particles of a functional polymer different from a water-soluble polymer are dispersed.
- a hard capsule comprising a hard capsule film having enteric properties, which can be formed by the cold gel method.
- an enteric hard capsule can be prepared without using a gelling agent.
- the hard capsule can be filled with contents using a conventionally used capsule filling machine.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of a preparation liquid for enteric hard capsules in the course of cooling.
- T0 indicates a cloud point or a melting onset temperature.
- T1, T2, and T3 indicate the first temperature, the second temperature, and the third temperature described in the specification, respectively.
- T4 indicates a temperature at which a sharp increase in viscosity starts.
- T5 indicates room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of the capsule coating of Example 2-2.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical microscope image of the capsule preparation liquid (55 ° C.) of Example 2-2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the capsule preparation liquid of Example 2-2 at the time of cooling.
- 1.00E + 2 on the vertical axis indicates 100
- 1.00E + 3 indicates 1000.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a typical tensile stress-elongation (strain,%) curve in a tensile test, and an explanation of an elastic modulus (Young's modulus) and an elongation at break.
- the elastic modulus on the vertical axis indicates a slope in a low stress elastic region.
- the elongation at break on the abscissa is the elongation (strain),%, at which the test piece breaks.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the dissolution characteristics of a double capsule using therein the enteric hard capsule according to the present disclosure.
- (A) is a figure which shows the cross-section of the test body used for the film elution test in the reference example 4.
- FIG. 7B is a photograph of a state where the test body is sealed in a sinker.
- FIG. 8 is an SEM image of a cross section of the cast film of Reference Example 4.
- FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the film of Reference Example 4-1.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the film of Reference Example 4-2.
- the “hard capsule” is an empty capsule for filling the content into the manufactured capsule shell.
- a hard capsule is composed of a cap portion and a body portion, and is also called a hard capsule or a two-piece capsule.
- the “hard capsule” in the present invention has the same or similar shape as a conventional hard capsule commercially available intended for oral administration to a human or animal subject.
- the “hard capsule” of the present invention is a soft capsule manufactured by filling the contents between two films and bonding the films together, and a seamless capsule manufactured by dropping the contents together with the coating solution into a coagulating liquid. It does not include capsules and microcapsules prepared by incorporating an active ingredient inside by precipitation or emulsification of a base material.
- an empty hard capsule is simply called a hard capsule or a capsule, and a product filled with contents is called a “hard capsule preparation”.
- the “enteric hard capsule” refers to a hard capsule in which the film itself of the capsule body has “enteric” properties that meet the following conditions. That is, “enteric” refers to a property satisfying at least the following condition (i).
- the test subject In the dissolution test described in the 17th Revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “17th Pharmacopoeia”), the test subject is immersed in the first liquid at 37 ° C. ⁇ 0.5 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the content eluted at this time is 25% or less, preferably 10% or less.
- the pH of the first liquid is about 1.2.
- the first liquid can be prepared, for example, by adding 7.0 ml of hydrochloric acid and water to 2.0 g of sodium chloride to make 1000 ml.
- Enteric preferably satisfies the following condition (ii) in addition to the above condition (i).
- the pH of the second liquid is about 6.8.
- the second liquid is prepared, for example, by dissolving 3.40 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3.55 g of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate in water, and adding 1 volume of water to 1 volume of a 1000 mL phosphate buffer solution. Can be.
- the time for measuring the dissolution rate of the contents in the second liquid is not limited.
- the elution rate after 45 minutes from immersion of the test subject in the second liquid is 75% It is preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%. Further, for example, the dissolution rate one hour after immersing the test subject in the second liquid is 75% or more, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% or more.
- the dissolution rate becomes 75% or more after the test subject is immersed in the second liquid. It is preferable that the time reaches 60 minutes or more. It is preferable that 75% or more be eluted within 12 hours in order to prevent the substance from being discharged out of the body as it is.
- acid resistance in an intermediate pH range may be evaluated.
- a buffer having a pH in the intermediate region may be used.
- evaluation may be performed with the following buffer having a pH of about 4.
- the composition of the buffer solution can be prepared, for example, by dissolving 3.378 g of citric acid hydrate and 2.535 g of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate in water to make 1000 mL.
- the elution rate 2 hours after immersing the test object in the buffer solution is 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, and further preferably 20% or less. The following is preferred.
- the dissolution test was performed according to the dissolution test method defined in the 17th Pharmacopoeia (17th Pharmacopoeia, 6.10-1.2 paddle method (paddle rotation speed 50 rotations / minute)) and 6.10-2a in FIG. (Using the corresponding sinker).
- the content used for the dissolution test is not limited as long as it is a content which is rapidly dissolved in the test solution itself and can be quantified by a known method. For example, acetaminophen can be mentioned.
- a cellulose compound which does not have an ionic group in the molecule but becomes water-soluble by having a nonionic hydrophilic group such as —OH, OO, etc.
- a nonionic hydrophilic group such as —OH, OO, etc.
- MC methylcellulose
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose
- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and methylcellulose specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia are used.
- the substitution degree of the methoxy group of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is preferably 16.5 to 30.0% by mass, more preferably 19.0 to 30.0% by mass, and particularly preferably 28.0 to 30.0% by mass.
- the degree of substitution of the hydroxypropoxy group is preferably from 4.0 to 32.0% by mass, more preferably from 4.0 to 12.0% by mass, and particularly preferably from 7.0 to 12.0% by mass.
- the degree of substitution of the methoxy group of methyl cellulose is preferably 26.0 to 33.0% by mass, and more preferably 28.0 to 31.0% by mass.
- these substitution degrees can be measured by the method based on the measurement method of the substitution degree of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and methylcellulose described in the 17th Pharmacopoeia.
- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose represented by the following formula is an optimal cellulose compound in that it has excellent film moldability and mechanical strength under low moisture.
- the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose used in the present invention includes hypromellose having a substitution degree grade (type) of 2910, 2906, 2208 defined in the 17th Pharmacopoeia. Among them, the substitution degree types 2910 and 2906 are more preferable.
- the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of the present invention includes hypromellose having the following molecular weight, which is approved for use as a food additive in Japan.
- hypromellose having the following molecular weight, which is approved for use as a food additive in Japan.
- Unsubstituted structural unit 162.14
- Substituted structural units about 180 (degree of substitution 1.19), about 210 (degree of substitution 2.37)
- methylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose include METOLOSE (registered trademark) series of Japanese Pharmacopoeia of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Metrolze series for food additives, and AnyCoat-C of Lotte (formerly Samsung) Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- AnyAddy (registered trademark) series the METHOCEL (registered trademark) series of Dow Chemical (Dow Chemical)
- Benecel (registered trademark) series of Ashland and the like.
- methylcellulose (MC) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hypromellose, HPMC) having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more, and a mixture thereof are hereinafter referred to as “water-soluble cellulose compound”.
- water-soluble cellulose having a “viscosity value” of a 2% by mass aqueous solution at 20 ° C. of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- this viscosity value may be simply referred to as “viscosity value”.
- the method for measuring the "viscosity value” is measured in accordance with the section of methylcellulose and hypromellose, which has been formulated based on the international harmonization plan since the fifteenth pharmacopeia.
- the “viscosity value” refers to a viscosity value (mPa ⁇ s) of a 2% by mass aqueous solution of water-soluble cellulose at 20 ° C. ⁇ 0.1 ° C.
- the first method Ubbelohde method
- the second method of the viscosity measurement method and 2.1.2 a single cylindrical rotational viscometer (Brookfield viscometer) are used.
- the “viscosity value” may be a viscosity indicated by a compound maker (also referred to as a viscosity grade value).
- a viscosity grade value As the display viscosity and the range of the display viscosity, for example, in the METOLOSE (trademark) series of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., when the display viscosity is less than 600 mPa ⁇ s, 80 to 120% of the display viscosity, and when the display viscosity is 600 mPa ⁇ s or more, , 75 to 140% of the indicated viscosity. Regarding the lower limit of 100 mPa ⁇ s in the present invention, the displayed viscosity can be used as it is as the “viscosity value” as long as the gist of the present invention is not impaired.
- a preferable lower limit of the “viscosity value” is 6 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 10 mPa ⁇ s.
- a preferable “viscosity value” as the upper limit is 1000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s, and still more preferably 100 mPa ⁇ s.
- the weight average molecular weight (g / Mol) corresponding to the “viscosity value” of 6 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s is approximately 35,000 to 200,000.
- the solid-state water-soluble cellulose compound is usually provided as solid fine particles having a particle size on the order of 1 to several hundreds of ⁇ m.
- the average particle size (average particle size) is desirably in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size means a volume average particle size (MV) of the primary particles, and is, for example, a generally used laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, “Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.” “Microtrack”). Particle size distribution diameter MT3300II ⁇ EX ").
- the volume fraction of particles having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less is 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more.
- a mixture of MC or HPMC may be used, or a mixture of MC and / or HPMC having different viscosity values may be used, at least one of which has a viscosity value. What is necessary is just 6 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the compound is characterized by having a lower critical solution temperature (LCST, Low Critical Solution Temperature), that is, T0.
- LCST is a temperature at which the dissolution starts when the water temperature becomes lower than T0 in the temperature-falling process, and the polymer in the solution gels or undergoes phase separation when the water temperature becomes higher than T0 in the temperature-raising process.
- the cloud point of the water-soluble cellulose compound depends on the pH of the aqueous solution and the like, but is usually in the range of 40 to 70 ° C. (Polymer Transactions, Vol. 38 (1981), pp. 133-137, J. Pharm. Polym. Sci. C, Vol.36 (1971), p.491-508).
- the temperature is about 60 ° C. for HPMC and about 40 ° C. for MC.
- an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is used as the second component as the enteric polymer for ensuring the “enteric” function.
- enteric hard capsules mainly using an enteric cellulose compound as an enteric polymer specifically, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) have been used.
- HPMCP hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMCAS hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
- CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
- Non-Patent Document 6 As an intrinsic property of the enteric polymer, there is a problem that the enteric cellulose compound is liable to promote generation of a free carboxylic acid by decomposition of a carboxyl group during storage under high humidity for a long period of time (Non-Patent Document 6, especially Figure3).
- the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer has an advantage that it is very stable during long-term storage and has a low water vapor transmission rate, that is, excellent moisture-proof properties of the film (Non-Patent Document 6, especially Table2).
- Methacrylic acid copolymer is also referred to as “methacrylate copolymer”.
- Methacrylic acid copolymers are polymers containing methacrylic acid monomer units in the backbone.
- the methacrylic acid copolymer is composed of a methacrylic acid monomer unit which is an anionic group and a neutral acrylic acid or methacrylic acid alkyl ester monomer unit (generically referred to as a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer).
- a methacrylic acid monomer unit which is an anionic group
- a neutral acrylic acid or methacrylic acid alkyl ester monomer unit (generically referred to as a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer.
- alkyl having an ester bond with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid include alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid more specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate Can be mentioned.
- the methacrylic acid copolymer is enteric.
- the resin has a threshold value such that it hardly dissolves in an aqueous solution having a pH of less than about 5, and the dissolution starts at a stretch of about 5 or more.
- it is adjusted by the blending ratio of the methacrylic acid monomer and other (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units in the copolymer.
- the total number of monomers forming the copolymer is 100
- at least 5% of methacrylic acid monomer units are contained, preferably 5 to 70%, particularly 8 to 60%, more preferably , 30 to 60%.
- the ratio of each monomer unit can be easily converted to mass% using the molecular weight of each monomer unit.
- Preferred methacrylic acid copolymers include 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid (molecular weight: 86.04), 60 to 40% by mass of methyl methacrylate (molecular weight: 100.05), or 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate (molecular weight: 100.05).
- % Of the polymer for example, EUDRAGIT (registered trademark) L100 or EUDRAGIT (registered trademark) L100-55, etc.).
- EUDRAGIT® L100-55 is particularly suitable, which is a copolymer of 50% by weight of methacrylic acid and 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate.
- EUDRAGIT® L30D-55 is an aqueous dispersion containing approximately 30% by weight of EUDRAGIT® L100-55.
- L30D-55 and L100-55 may be described as L30D55 and L10055.
- These methacrylic acid copolymers are set to dissolve at a pH of about 5.5 or more.
- Another preferred example is a copolymer composed of 5 to 15% by mass of methacrylic acid, 10 to 30% by mass of methyl methacrylate, and 50 to 70% by mass of methyl acrylate (molecular weight 86.04). More specifically, EUDRAGIT® FS, which is a copolymer consisting of 10% by weight methacrylic acid, 25% by weight methyl methacrylate, and 65% by weight methyl acrylate. EUDRAGIT (registered trademark) FS30D is a dispersion containing about 30% by mass of EUDRAGIT (registered trademark) FS.
- the methacrylic acid copolymer is set to dissolve at a pH of about 7 or more, and may be used when intended for colon delivery, which is a higher pH environment.
- the above-mentioned enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is generally obtained by an emulsion polymerization process, from a monomer level, through a copolymerization process in an aqueous solution, and containing an aqueous dispersion (aqueous emulsion or latex) containing very small colloidal particles. May be manufactured first. Therefore, an aqueous dispersion (emulsion) of very fine and stable colloid particles having an average particle diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m can be obtained without going through a dissolving step by neutralization of the solid polymer component with a basic neutralizing agent. Therefore, it is suitable for use as an aqueous dispersion (Non-Patent Document 1, Chapter 9).
- Aqueous dispersions equivalent to EUDRAGIT Leeds (Evonik) L30D-55 and equivalent commercialized methacrylic acid copolymers include Kollicoat series (BASF) MAE30D / DP and Polykid series (Sanyo Chemical) PA-30. However, it is not necessarily limited to these. These aqueous dispersions (aqueous emulsions) usually contain less than 0.3% of residual monomers and trace amounts of polysorbate 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate for the production process and stabilization. It can be tolerated as impurities inevitably contained in the capsule shell and the hard capsule preparation liquid.
- L30D-55 and its equivalents correspond to the methacrylic acid copolymer LD specified in the excipient standard 2018. That is, it is an emulsion of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate obtained in an aqueous solution of polysorbate 80 (JP) and sodium lauryl sulfate (JP), and the copolymer component methacrylic acid (C 4 H 6 O 2: 86.09) containing 11.5 to 15.5%, that is.
- JP polysorbate 80
- JP sodium lauryl sulfate
- materials which are not necessarily commercialized but are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-526546, H08-81392, and DE2135073 as copolymers having a compounding ratio that is sufficiently known to be practically applicable are also eluted in the capsule. It can be appropriately used for controlling characteristics (eg, pH (threshold) dependence, dissolution rate control in a neutral to alkaline region, etc.) and mechanical strength. That is, among the monomer units, the solidity is high when there are many carboxyl group monomers such as methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylic acid (AA), and soft when the ratio of units such as ethyl acrylate (EA) and methyl acrylate (MA) is large.
- MAA methacrylic acid
- AA acrylic acid
- EA ethyl acrylate
- MA methyl acrylate
- the capsule coating of the present invention contains, as a third component, a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer and / or ethyl cellulose as a water-insoluble polymer.
- the “(meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer” is a substantially neutral (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, and is mainly composed of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid alkyl ester neutral monomer units.
- the alkyl having an ester bond with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid include alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid more specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate Can be mentioned.
- the proportion of neutral monomers is, for example, greater than 95%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%, or 100% by weight. However, it does not completely exclude the presence of ionic groups in the polymer, and the content of ionic groups, especially anionic groups, is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 2% by mass, and preferably less than 1% by mass.
- a methacrylic acid copolymer may be included.
- it is a copolymer comprising 20 to 40% by mass of methyl methacrylate (molecular weight: 100.05) and 60 to 80% by mass of ethyl acrylate (molecular weight: 100.05) (EUDRAGIT (registered trademark) NE or EUDRAGIT (registered trademark)). ) NM type) is suitable. Among them, EUDRAGIT (registered trademark) NE30D or NM30D is suitable, and is a copolymer (ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer) composed of 70% by mass of ethyl acrylate and 30% by mass of methyl methacrylate. In each case, it may contain less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight of methacrylic acid (molecular weight 86.04).
- NE30D also corresponds to “Ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer dispersion” defined in the Pharmaceutical Excipient Standards 2018, and is obtained by mixing ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether (100E.O. )
- an emulsifier an emulsion of a copolymer resin obtained by polymerization in an aqueous solution, which may contain a small amount of “dimethylpolysiloxane (for internal use)”.
- NM30D may contain trace amounts of macrogol stearyl ether as an emulsifier.
- These water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymers have a glass transition temperature of less than 100 ° C. or a film forming temperature (Minimum Film-forming Temperature, MFT) of less than 50 ° C., and particularly enteric methacrylic acid.
- MFT Minimum Film-forming Temperature
- a dispersion containing colloidal particles of an acid copolymer is dried to form a film, fusion between the particles is promoted to obtain a transparent and hard-to-break dry film.
- the water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer has an advantage that the acid resistance is not impaired at an appropriate addition amount.
- Ethyl cellulose is a highly substituted ethyl cellulose having a degree of etherification of about 2.6, which is obtained by ethyl etherification of a hydroxyl group of cellulose, and is hardly soluble in water.
- ETHOCEL® series from Dow Chemical.
- Ethyl cellulose is also prepared by dissolving ethyl cellulose in an organic solvent, finely dispersing the same in water in the presence of an emulsifier, and then distilling off the organic solvent from the dispersion. An aqueous dispersion of very fine particles can be obtained.
- Aquacoat ECD30 FMC
- Sureis Colorcon
- the ethylcellulose contains 46.5 to 51.0% of ethoxy groups (—OC 2 H 5 ).
- the ethylcellulose dispersion is an aqueous suspension containing ethylcellulose as a main component, and is an aqueous polymer dispersion composed of fine particles (0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ m) of ethylcellulose. ) And sodium lauryl sulfate (JP).
- the solid content of this product is 28-32%. When quantified, it contains ethyl cellulose 24.5-29.5% and cetanol (C 16 H 34 O: 242.44) 1.7-3.3. % And sodium lauryl sulfate (C 12 H 25 NaO 4 S: 288.38) 0.9 to 1.7%.
- the enteric hard capsule film of the present invention may further contain a plasticizer, a surfactant (emulsifier), a base, a binder, a coating agent, etc., which are acceptable as pharmaceutical and food additives. Further, it may contain a sustained release agent, a solubilizing agent, a solubilizing agent, and the like for controlling solubility, particularly, elution characteristics in a neutral pH region.
- a solubilizing agent e.g., those described for each use in the Pharmaceutical Excipients Dictionary, 2016 edition (edited by the Japan Pharmaceutical Excipients Association, edited by Yakuji Nippo) can be used. Is not limited to these. In addition, these additives may be repeatedly classified for a plurality of uses.
- the plasticizer is not necessarily limited to the specific substance shown in the above-mentioned dictionary of pharmaceutical excipients, and is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for a pharmaceutical or food composition and can be added to a capsule film to impart flexibility.
- Suitable substances generally have a molecular weight (Mw) of 100 to 20,000 and have one or more hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyl groups, ester groups, or amino groups in one molecule.
- dioctyl adipate polyester adipic acid, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxy hexahydrophthalic acid diester, kaolin, triethyl citrate, glycerin, glycerin fatty acid ester, sesame oil, dimethylpolysiloxane / silicon dioxide mixture, D-sorbitol, medium chain Fatty acid triglyceride, corn starch-derived sugar alcohol solution, triacetin, concentrated glycerin, castor oil, phytosterol, diethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxy Propylene (5) glycol, polysorbate 80, macrogol 1500, macrogol 400, macrogol 4000, macrogol 600, macrogol Le 6000, isopropyl myristate, cottonseed oil, soybean oil mixture, glyceryl monostearate
- propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol are preferred from the viewpoint of excellent compatibility and imparting high gloss.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 200 to 35,000 from the viewpoint of imparting high gloss.
- hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) which is softer than MC or HPMC, can be used as a plasticizer.
- Surfactants are sometimes used as solubilizers, suspending agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, stabilizers, bases, etc., but basically And a polymer having a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group (hydrophobic group) in the molecule.
- benzalkonium chloride benzethonium chloride polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate (polyoxyl stearate 40 *), sorbitan sesquioleate (sorbitan sesquioleate *), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Ethates (polysorbate 80 *), glyceryl monostearate (glycerin monostearate *), sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (lauromacrogol *) and the like. (*: Notation in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia).
- the surfactant (or emulsifier) may include a component that is inevitably left during emulsion polymerization of a methacrylic acid copolymer or an alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer.
- the enteric hard capsule film of the present invention may further contain a lubricant, a metal-sequestering agent, a coloring agent, a light-shielding agent, a binder and the like at a maximum of about 5% by mass.
- a lubricant examples include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, or salts thereof, metaphosphate, dihydroxyethylglycine, lecithin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, or these. Combinations can be mentioned.
- the lubricant is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for pharmaceuticals or food compositions.
- examples thereof include calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, carnauba wax, starch, sucrose fatty acid ester, light anhydrous silicic acid, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil and the like.
- sequestering agent examples include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, or salts thereof, metaphosphate, dihydroxyethylglycine, lecithin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, or these. Combinations can be mentioned.
- coloring agent and light-shielding agent are not particularly limited as long as they can be used for pharmaceuticals or food compositions.
- coloring agents include, for example, acacia tannin powder, turmeric extract, methyl rosaniline chloride, yellow iron oxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, Opaspray K-124904, orange essence, brown iron oxide, carbon black, caramel, carmine, carotene solution , ⁇ -carotene, Photosensitizer No. 201, licorice extract, gold leaf, kumazasa extract, black iron oxide, light silicic anhydride, bucket, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, iron sesquioxide, disazo yellow, edible blue No.
- Examples of the light-shielding agent include titanium oxide, iron sesquioxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, black iron oxide, food blue No. 1 aluminum lake, food blue No. 2 aluminum lake, food yellow No. 4 aluminum lake, food yellow No. 5 aluminum lake, Food Green No.3 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No.2 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No.3 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No.102 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No.104 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No.105 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No.106 Aluminum Lake, Food Red Red No. 40 aluminum lake.
- Titanium oxide can be added to a hard capsule for medicine to prevent the contents from being deteriorated by ultraviolet rays or the like, especially as a light shielding agent.
- Polyvinyl alcohol is used as the binder.
- "Polyvinyl alcohol” (PVA) is a polymer obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and usually has a saponification degree of 97% or more and a completely saponified product represented by the following formula (1) and a saponification degree of 78. Up to 96% is a partially saponified compound represented by the following formula (2).
- any of the above completely saponified products and partially saponified products can be used.
- partially saponified compounds having a degree of saponification and n / (n + m) of about 78 to 90%, particularly about 87 to 90% are preferably used.
- the average degree of polymerization (n) of PVA is not particularly limited as long as it is within a range capable of exhibiting a film-forming ability, but is usually preferably 400 to 3300, particularly preferably about 1000 to 3000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the PVA is calculated from the above average polymerization degree and saponification degree to be about 18,000 to about 200,000, but is not particularly limited thereto. Addition of PVA can provide the capsule coat with appropriate mechanical strength (modulus of elasticity and resistance to cracking) while maintaining enteric properties.
- PVA and a PVA copolymer may be used in combination.
- the PVA copolymer include a PVA copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the above-described PVA with a polymerizable vinyl monomer.
- the PVA copolymer is preferably a polymer copolymer obtained by copolymerizing acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate using the partially saponified PVA described above as a skeleton.
- the POVACOAT (registered trademark) series can be exemplified.
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to an enteric hard capsule.
- At least one of (a) a component containing a first component and a second component, or (b) a component containing a first component and a second component, and further comprising a third component and a fourth component is used.
- the first component is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the second component is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer.
- the third component is a water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer and / or ethyl cellulose.
- the fourth component is at least one selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer acceptable as a pharmaceutical and food additive, and a surfactant.
- a plasticizer acceptable as a pharmaceutical and food additive e.g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethoxypropane, g., g., g., g., g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol
- the indicated viscosity (viscosity grade) value of water-soluble cellulose is 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 3 mPa ⁇ s. ⁇ 6 mPa ⁇ s (JP-A-08-208458, JP-A-2001-506692, JP-A-2010-270039, JP-A-2011-500871).
- the film may contain about 0 to 5% by mass and about 0 to 10% by mass residual moisture
- the dissolution rate hardly depends on the pH, but is determined by the molecular weight of the water-soluble cellulose, and therefore by the viscosity value, and is usually pH 1.2 test solution, 6.8 test solution.
- a rapidly disintegrating capsule in which 100% of the internal acetaminophen elutes within 30 minutes in pure water.
- the viscosity value is 10 mPa ⁇ s or more, the dissolution tends to be delayed, so that it is not actually used.
- a water-soluble cellulose compound having a viscosity value of 6 mPas or more, more preferably 10 mPas or more, and still more preferably 15 mPas or more, the same amount or more as the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer By adding a water-soluble cellulose compound having a viscosity value of 6 mPas or more, more preferably 10 mPas or more, and still more preferably 15 mPas or more, the same amount or more as the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, Mechanical properties suitable for hard capsules that cannot be achieved with methacrylic acid copolymer alone can be realized. Although not being bound by theory, it is considered that the water-soluble cellulose compound generally functions as a filler for a relatively soft or brittle enteric methacrylic acid copolymer.
- the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer promotes rapid dissolution, so that dissolution delay hardly occurs even if the viscosity value is 6 mpa ⁇ s or more, and even 10 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer of the second component includes a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate, or a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate. It is preferably at least one selected from the group. More preferably, it is a copolymer composed of 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate. When the pH is about 5 or less, almost no elution occurs, and the copolymer is rapidly dissolved at about pH 5.5 or more. .
- the third component may include a water-insoluble alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer and / or ethyl cellulose.
- Water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymers especially those with low film formation temperatures (glass transition points), bind particles of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer and promote smooth film formation.
- good acid resistance can be maintained.
- Ethyl cellulose can also improve the fragility of the film and maintain good acid resistance due to its water insolubility.
- a plasticizer acceptable as a pharmaceutical and food additive in order to improve the mechanical strength of the capsule film, especially the cracking property, it is selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer acceptable as a pharmaceutical and food additive, and a surfactant (emulsifier) as the fourth component. At least one may be included.
- the dissolution becomes slow even with a buffer solution having a pH of about 6.8, moves to the intestine, and becomes a sustained release (75% or more). It takes about 60 minutes or more to reach the dissolution rate).
- a water-soluble cellulose compound having a viscosity of 10 to 100 mPa ⁇ s.
- the upper limit of the ratio ⁇ of the water-soluble cellulose compound is preferably 70% by mass, and more preferably 60% by mass. If it exceeds 70% by mass, the proportion of the corresponding second component will necessarily be less than 30% by mass, and good enteric properties cannot be maintained.
- the ratio ⁇ of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer as the second component is preferably 30% by mass or more, because sufficient acid resistance as an enteric hard capsule can be exhibited. More preferably, it is at least 35% by mass.
- the upper limit of ⁇ is set to 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, in order to maintain the appropriate hardness and the difficulty of cracking of the capsule film.
- the first component and the second component are essential, and the ratio of the total amount thereof ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) / ( ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ ) is preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the enteric hard capse of the present invention has a characteristic fine structure as described below, so that even if ⁇ > ⁇ , good acid resistance (enteric resistance) can be realized. More specifically, a composition in which ⁇ is 40 to 60% by mass and ⁇ is 30 to 50% by mass is more preferable.
- the content of the water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer or ethyl cellulose as the third component is preferably 40% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the third component also functions as a plasticizer, but is used by partially substituting the second component. That is, ⁇ / ⁇ is preferably 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.4 or less.
- ⁇ which is the ratio of the fourth component contained in the coating, is 12% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less. If the fourth component is too much, enteric solubility tends to be impaired. Some of the plasticizers also tend to lower the altitude of the capsule coating, especially under high humidity.
- a mixture of MC or HPMC having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more may be used, or a mixture of MC and / or HPMC having different viscosity values may be used.
- the total amount of the water-soluble cellulose as described above is regarded as the first component, and the ratio can be set to ⁇ mass%.
- the total amount thereof is regarded as the second component, and the ratio is ⁇ mass%.
- the total amount is regarded as the third component, and the ratio is set to ⁇ % by mass.
- the fourth component when a plurality of types of plasticizers and surfactants (emulsifiers) are used at the same time, the total amount is regarded as the fourth component, and the ratio is ⁇ mass%.
- the enteric hard capsule film of the present disclosure may further contain a lubricant, a metal-sequestering agent, a coloring agent, a light-shielding agent, a binder, and the like in about 5% by mass.
- the presence of salts due to neutralization of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer and the accompanying neutralization of other coating components can be allowed. That is, a portion of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer may be present in the capsule shell as a pharmaceutically or food additive acceptable salt thereof.
- the salt include at least one salt selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, and an ammonium salt.
- examples of the salt include at least one salt selected from the group consisting of a sodium salt and an ammonium salt. Particularly preferred are the Na salts.
- the carboxyl group of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is neutralized by a metal ion such as Na and can be stably present in the solid film as a group such as -COONa.
- the ratio of these neutralized acid (eg, carboxylic acid) residues is, for example, 20% when the number of moles (bases) of the carboxyl residues before neutralization contained in the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is 100%. Or less, more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less. This is referred to as the degree of neutralization (the detailed definition of the degree of neutralization will be described in Embodiment 2).
- Excessive salt is not preferable because the film is liable to be broken, the film is deteriorated by salt precipitation, and collapse is caused by excessive permeation of water.
- the presence of a suitable salt assists the penetration and swelling of the capsule film containing the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer by water.
- the swelling of the capsule film brings the gap between the cap and the body into close contact, and has the effect of more completely preventing elution.
- the degree of neutralization is preferably 2% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the salt contained in the capsule coating is preferably at least 0.2% by mass, more preferably 0.5% by mass, based on the weight of the coating, in terms of its hydroxide (in the case of Na salt, NaOH mass). % By mass.
- the content is preferably 2% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or less.
- the capsule coating of the present disclosure preferably contains 2 to 10% by mass of residual moisture (content moisture) in order to maintain appropriate plasticity and maintain resistance to cracking.
- residual moisture content moisture
- the capsule is settled to a predetermined saturated residual moisture value.
- the time required to settle to the saturated moisture value is shorter when the drying treatment is performed at a high temperature.
- the residual moisture changes almost reversibly, depending on the environmental humidity during storage of the capsule. That is, the residual moisture value after sufficiently drying at 30 to 100 ° C. further converges to a constant saturated moisture value when stored at a constant temperature and relative humidity for several days.
- the saturated moisture value after storage at room temperature at a relative humidity of 43% for several days is used.
- the saturated moisture value (moisture content) of the residual moisture in the coating at room temperature and 43% relative humidity is preferably at least 2%, more preferably 3% or more, based on the total weight of the capsule coating. And more preferably 4% or more.
- the water content is too large, it may react with the drug filled therein when stored for a long time, so it is preferably at most 10%, more preferably at most 8%, More preferably, it is 6% or less.
- Saturated water content can be represented by the water content at loss on drying, and the measurement can be performed as follows.
- a sample (hard capsule or film) is put in a desiccator in a constant humidity atmosphere with potassium carbonate saturated salt, sealed, and humidified at 25 ° C. for 1 week.
- the following saturated salts (aqueous solutions) are used for humidity control. That is, in the presence of potassium acetate saturated salt, potassium carbonate saturated salt, and ammonium nitrate saturated salt, atmospheres with relative humidity of about 22%, 43%, and 63%, respectively, can be created.
- the mass (wet mass) of the sample after humidity control the sample is heated and dried at 105 ° C. for 2 hours, and the mass (dry mass) of the sample is measured again.
- the enteric hard capsule according to the present invention has the same or similar shape and mechanical strength (hardness and resistance to cracking) as a commercially available conventional hard capsule intended for oral administration to a human or animal subject. It is desirable.
- Commercially available hard capsules to be referred to are gelatin or HPMC (hypromellose) capsules. Therefore, the thickness of the capsule film is 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit is 250 ⁇ m or less, preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less. In particular, the range of 70 to 150 ⁇ m is suitable for directly using a commercially available filling machine.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Chapter # 4
- a film is prepared by a casting method using a preparation liquid having the same component composition as each component composition of the hard capsule preparation liquid, and the cast film is prepared. Can be used to evaluate.
- a metal applicator is placed on a glass surface or a PET film kept at room temperature, and a prepared solution at 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. is poured and moved at a constant speed to produce a uniform film of 100 ⁇ m. Thereafter, drying is performed at room temperature to 30 ° C. for about 10 hours.
- an applicator having a gap of 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm may be appropriately used.
- the produced film is cut into, for example, a dumbbell shape of 5 mm ⁇ 75 mm (defined by JIS K-7161-2-1BA), and then subjected to a tensile test using, for example, a small bench tester (Shimazu Seisakusho EZ-LX). be able to.
- a small bench tester Shiazu Seisakusho EZ-LX
- both ends of the film are set in a holder (gap length: 60 mm), and the film is stretched at a tensile speed of 10 mm / min.
- the film elongation and the stress generated in the film (tensile stress) -elongation rate (strain) are shown. .
- FIG. 5 shows a typical elongation-tensile stress test result.
- the elastic modulus which is an index of hardness
- the elongation at break can be determined as the elongation at break (%) (Non-Patent Document 1, Chapter 4).
- the elastic modulus is determined to be approximately proportional to the film thickness and normalized to a film thickness of 100 ⁇ m. It can be considered that the elongation at break does not substantially depend on the film thickness in the film thickness in this range.
- the mechanical strength is maintained under an environment of normal use conditions (temperature: about 5 to 30 ° C., relative humidity: about 20 to 60%).
- an environment of normal use conditions temperature: about 5 to 30 ° C., relative humidity: about 20 to 60%.
- the tensile test is preferably performed in a temperature and humidity environment of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 22%.
- the elastic modulus (Young's modulus) as an index of hardness is preferably 1 to 5 GPa, more preferably 2 to 5 GPa.
- the elongation at break which is an index of the difficulty of cracking evaluated in a tensile test, is preferably about 2 to 30%, more preferably about 3 to 20%.
- the hardness of the enteric hard capsule film of the present invention and the resistance to cracking often have a trade-off relationship in this range.
- the coating film or the soft capsule film is softer and has a higher elongation at break.
- a film having a breaking elongation of more than 30% is usually too soft and is often not suitable as a free-standing hard capsule film.
- the hardness of the enteric hard capsule of the present invention can have an elastic modulus in the range of 1 to 5 GPa in most of the relative humidity and temperature ranges under room conditions, and can be 2 GPa or more.
- the moisture present in the capsule film by about several percent can usually affect the mechanical strength, particularly the cracking property, as a plasticizer.
- the water content decreases, and for example, when it is about 2 to 3%, it tends to be easily broken. Normally, if the elongation at break is less than 2%, it will be remarkably fragile even in normal handling.
- a humidity control and a tensile test are performed in an environment of relatively low humidity of 22% relative humidity and a temperature of 25 ° C., and a film having a breaking elongation of 2 to 30% can be obtained.
- the elongation at break can be 3% or more.
- the enteric hard capsule film according to the first embodiment has a multiphase structure separated into a phase mainly composed of a water-soluble cellulose compound and a phase substantially composed of other components.
- This structure is referred to as an “island” phase, in which a phase mainly composed of a water-soluble cellulose compound is regarded as an “island” phase and a phase substantially composed of other components is regarded as a “sea” phase.
- the island phase is a phase substantially composed of core particles composed of the first component.
- substantially means that the island phase may contain a trace amount of other components and may be contained therein, while the sea phase contains the partially dissolved first component. Means to go.
- the sea phase also contains a methacrylic acid copolymer as a second component, a plasticizer, a light-shielding agent, a pigment, a dye, a lubricant, and the like.
- the island portion does not necessarily mean that the island portion is surrounded by the sea and is isolated, and may have a lamellar structure in which the islands or the seas are connected. It can be considered as a two-phase structure of the order of ⁇ m or more.
- the “sea-island structure” can be confirmed by observing the cross section of the hard capsule film with a scanning electron microscope or the like, as shown in Examples described later. Further, the distribution state of each component to the island or the sea can be estimated by observing with a Raman microscope or the like.
- the content ⁇ of the first component is 30 to 70% by mass
- the content ⁇ of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer of the second component is 30 to 60% by mass
- Such a multi-phase that is, "sea-island structure” needs to undergo a quasi-equilibrium state of a kind of dispersion in a solution state as described later, and therefore, injection molding or extrusion molding utilizing the thermoplasticity of a film component polymer. It is presumed to be difficult to form. Further, it is presumed that it is difficult to form such a sea-island structure even when the first component is once dissolved and formed into a film through a thermal gelation process.
- each island phase depends on the size of the solid fine particles of the water-soluble cellulose compound used for preparing the hard capsule.
- the minor axis is in the thickness direction of the film, and is preferably 1/3 or less, more preferably 1/4 or less of the film thickness.
- the island phase in the hard capsule film preferably has a minor axis of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 30 ⁇ m. More preferably, the island phase has a minor axis of 0.2 ⁇ m or more and less than 20 ⁇ m.
- the dry raw material powder of the water-soluble cellulose polymer methylcellulose / hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- the dry raw material powder of the water-soluble cellulose polymer methylcellulose / hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- a laser diffraction method is used in which a particle is irradiated with a laser beam, and a particle diameter of an equivalent sphere is obtained from a scattering pattern obtained therefrom.
- the volume fraction of the powder having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or more is preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 40%.
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to the aforementioned 2. And a preparation liquid for preparing the enteric hard capsule described in (1) (also referred to simply as “preparation liquid”).
- the hard enteric capsule of the present invention comprises a film obtained by drying the preparation liquid of this embodiment and removing the solvent.
- a 2% aqueous solution at 20 ° C. has a “viscosity value” of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more, i.e., a component i which is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and a component ii which is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, and It is an enteric hard capsule preparation solution containing a basic neutralizing agent and a solvent.
- the solvent used for the preparation liquid contains water as a main component, and is particularly preferably purified water.
- a mixed solvent of water and at least one selected from ethanol and anhydrous ethanol can be used.
- most of the ethanol evaporates, so that the preparation liquid during the immersion actually has a water content of 80% by mass, more preferably 90 mass% or more. It is preferable to use substantially 100% purified water except for impurities that are unavoidably included.
- the cloud point T0 lower critical solution temperature
- the fine particles gradually begin to dissolve from the surface and swell, but at about 30 ° C. or higher, they do not completely dissolve, and the (swelled) solid fine particles do not dissolve. Maintains a dispersed state. That is, it becomes a dispersion (suspension).
- the dispersion is stable for at least several days.
- an aqueous solution containing very small colloidal particles having a diameter larger than about 0.01 ⁇ m and smaller than 1 ⁇ m through an emulsion polymerization process and a copolymerization process in an aqueous solution from a monomer level.
- a colloidal dispersion of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer in which the emulsion is formed first.
- a dispersion liquid of very fine colloid particles having an average particle diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m can be obtained without going through a dissolving step by neutralization of the solid polymer component with a basic neutralizing agent.
- an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer in the form of a solid powder obtained by evaporating and drying the water content of an aqueous emulsion produced by emulsion polymerization and extracting only the solid content, a basic neutralizing agent is used in water. By partially neutralizing, an aqueous dispersion can be obtained again.
- the basic neutralizer is not limited as long as it is a compound that is acceptable as a pharmaceutical or food additive.
- the basic neutralizing agent include at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and ammonium salts.
- the basic neutralizing agent includes at least one metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide. More preferably, the basic neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide.
- disodium hydrogen phosphate Na 2 HPO 4
- disodium sulfite Na 2 SO 3
- trisodium citrate dihydrate things C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O
- calcium gluconate monohydrate C 12 H 22 CaO 14 ⁇ H 2 O
- DL- malic acid disodium ⁇ n-hydrate NaOOCCH (OH) CH 2 CONa ⁇ nH 2 O
- disodium hydrogen phosphate, disodium sulfite and trisodium citrate are preferred, and disodium hydrogen phosphate is particularly preferred.
- the basic neutralizing agent is ammonia or ammonium carbonate
- the component ii In order to completely neutralize the component ii, it is achieved by adding the cation derived from the basic neutralizing agent to one mole of the carboxyl group contained in the component ii so as to be equivalent or more. Is done. When the cation derived from the basic neutralizing agent has two or more valences, it is replaced by 1 / valence.
- complete neutralization The case where the component iii and the basic neutralizing agent are dissolved in a solvent such that cations derived from the basic neutralizing agent are substantially equivalent to the carboxyl groups contained in the component ii is referred to as complete neutralization.
- the equivalent number of moles of the cation refers to, for example, the number of moles (group number) of the carboxyl residue in the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer before neutralization is blocked by 100% neutralization. It is the number of moles of cation that can be taken.
- the mass (KOH) mg / g of KOH (molecular weight 56.10) required to neutralize 1 g of the desired enteric methacrylic acid copolymer can be defined (KOH equivalent).
- the degree of neutralization is defined as the ratio of the mass of the basic neutralizer actually added to the equivalent of the basic neutralizer required for complete neutralization.
- the basic neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide NaOH (molecular weight 40.00), calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 (molecular weight 74.09), ammonia NH 3 (molecular weight 17.03), ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2
- the equivalent in the case of CO 3 (molecular weight 96.09) is expressed by the following formula:
- the equivalent of the basic neutralizing agent required for complete neutralization can be indicated by a manufacturer with a range of about ⁇ 10 to 20% as an allowable range of the degree of substitution of the carboxyl group.
- the KOH equivalent is 301.2 mg / g
- the KOH equivalent is 214. 0.8 mg / g.
- ammonia it is 91.4 mg / g.
- the component ii is Eudragit, FS30D manufactured by Evonik
- its KOH equivalent is 56.7 mg / g
- the basic neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide, 40.4 mg / g
- it is ammonia. Becomes 17.2 mg / g. More accurate neutralization equivalents can be determined by common titration methods.
- the degree of neutralization is ⁇ / (241.8 ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ 100 (%).
- the degree of neutralization is equal to the number of moles of the residues blocked by neutralization among the number of moles of the carboxylic acid residues.
- Two or more basic neutralizers can be used in combination, and the degree of neutralization in such a case is regarded as the sum of the degrees of neutralization of the respective neutralizers.
- NaOH is added to L30D-55 so that the degree of neutralization is equivalent to 8%
- Na2HPO4 KOH equivalent, 316 mg / g
- the pH of the colloidal dispersion of L30D-55 which is an example of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, is about 2-3, and the pH after partial neutralization is in the range of 5-6.
- the basic neutralizer is further used because the colloid in the colloidal dispersion of the component ii is used. Is not for further dissolving or refining, but for realizing the stability of the mixed dispersion with the i-th component as described later, and a small amount is sufficient.
- the amount of addition may be at most 20% or less, preferably 15% or less, as the degree of neutralization with respect to the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer.
- the pH of the capsule preparation liquid is generally in the range of 5 to 6.
- a water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer can be added as the iii-th component.
- a dispersion of the colloidal particles is preferred.
- Some dispersions of colloidal particles of the water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer can be directly produced by an emulsion polymerization process, and since the dispersion state is stable, a stable aqueous dispersion can be obtained, which is preferable.
- the iv component may contain a plasticizer and a surfactant (emulsifier) which are acceptable as pharmaceutical and food additives as described above.
- the plasticizer and surfactant (emulsifier) that are acceptable as pharmaceutical and food additives also have the effect of adjusting the viscosity of the capsule preparation (reducing the viscosity) and improving the stability of the dispersed state.
- the proportions of the respective components are ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′, and ⁇ , respectively.
- ⁇ 'mass%, ⁇ ' + ⁇ '+ ⁇ ' + ⁇ ' 100, the ratio is almost as it is, immersed in the preparation solution and dried to obtain a hard capsule film. It is equal to the proportions of the components, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ . Therefore, first, a preferable component ratio can be applied as the capsule coat.
- the mass of each component is the mass of the polymer component, and does not include the mass of the solvent component when a dispersion is used.
- the ratio of salts (Na, K, Ca, etc.) remaining in the capsule film after drying almost corresponds to the degree of neutralization in the preparation solution. That is, almost the entire amount of the salt is taken into the film. Generally, elution at pH 1.2 is suppressed by the effect of the remaining salt, but elution at an intermediate pH of about pH 4 tends to increase. From this viewpoint as well, the degree of neutralization of the methacrylic acid copolymer is desirably 20% or less.
- the total mass of the polymer component of the i-th component, the ii-th component, the iii-th component, and the iv component contained in the intestinal positive hard capsule preparation liquid is not limited as long as the hard capsule preparation liquid can be prepared.
- the ratio (polymer component concentration) of the total mass of the polymer components of the i-th component, the ii-th component, the iii-th component, and the iv component is 10 to 10%. It is preferably 30% by mass, more preferably 12 to 25% by mass.
- the drying time becomes extremely long, so that dripping easily occurs during the drying.
- the concentration of the polymer component (solid content) of the i-th component and the ii-th component is preferably 7 to 20% by mass.
- the concentration of the basic neutralizing agent with respect to the capsule preparation liquid is preferably from 0.02 to 0.7% by mass, and more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5% by mass.
- the total thereof is preferably 2% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, when the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid is 100% by mass. Is 1% by mass or less.
- the dissolved or dispersed polymer component preferably, in addition to the ith to iv components, the dissolved or dispersed polymer component, components such as a light-shielding agent, and the basic neutralizing agent are present in the capsule coating with almost the same component ratio.
- components such as a light-shielding agent, and the basic neutralizing agent are present in the capsule coating with almost the same component ratio.
- a part of the water in the solvent may remain in the film.
- the preparation of an enteric hard capsule containing an at least partially dissolved water-soluble cellulose compound and a dispersed enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, each of which originally does not have a cold gelling ability alone, is performed by mixing the two components. It has been found that a cold gelling ability can be imparted to an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid. In particular, it has been found that the interaction between a high-concentration water-soluble cellulose compound as the i-th component and an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer as the ii-component in the presence of an appropriate amount of a basic neutralizing agent is important.
- the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid of the present invention as shown in FIG.
- the storage and loss elastic modulus sharply increases, and the gel state near room temperature. That is, it is an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid in which the storage modulus G ′ is higher than the loss modulus G ′′.
- the magnitude relationship between G 'and G "between T0 and T4 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that G' is substantially equal to G" or smaller.
- the rapid increase in viscosity in the vicinity of T4 during the cooling process of the capsule preparation liquid of the present invention may be caused by the (ii) the (colloidal dispersion liquid) of the ii-th component (colloidal dispersion liquid), the aqueous solution of the iv-component alone, or the ii-th component. This does not usually occur in the mixed solution of the components iii and iv. It is presumed that the rapid increase in viscosity near T4 is mainly caused by the structural viscosity due to the interaction between the dispersed fine particles of the partially dissolved water-soluble cellulose compound as the i-th component. The fact that the first component has a lower critical solution temperature is suitable for obtaining such a dispersion.
- the ratio ⁇ ′ of the i-th component contained in the preparation liquid is preferably 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less.
- the viscosity rise tends to be slow (particularly when the viscosity value is less than 10 mPa ⁇ s), and if it is more than 70% by mass, the viscosity is too high and molding by the immersion method described later tends to be difficult. (Particularly when the viscosity value is greater than 100 mPa ⁇ s).
- the interaction between the relatively high concentration of the ii component and the ith component is required. is important.
- the dispersion formed during the temperature-falling process causes a sharp increase in viscosity due to structural viscosity.
- the temperature is further lowered to about 30 ° C. or lower, the dissolution of the i-th component proceeds, and Are completely dissolved, and the structural viscosity disappears. That is, it becomes a mere polymer solution, and G ′ ⁇ G ′′.
- the present inventors have found that the simultaneous presence of the i-th component and the ii-th component allows the undissolved i-th component fine particles to be stably present even at around room temperature. This is presumed to result in the cold gelation of G ′> G ′′.
- the i-th component and the ii-th component are essential, and the ratio of the total amount thereof ( ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′) / ( ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′) is preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the composition ratio of ⁇ ′ and ⁇ ′ does not extremely deviate, where ⁇ ′ is 30 to 60% by mass and ⁇ is
- ⁇ ′ is 30 to 60% by mass
- ⁇ is The composition is preferably such that the content is 30 to 60% by mass, and in particular, ⁇ ′ is preferably in the range of 40 to 60% by mass, and ⁇ ′ is preferably in the range of 30 to 50% by mass.
- the number of methacrylic acid monomer units in the copolymer is preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%. More specifically, a copolymer composed of 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate is preferable. When the proportion of the methacrylic acid monomer unit is less than 20% by mass, cold gelation tends to hardly occur. Alternatively, it is desirable that the methacrylic acid monomer unit accounts for 6% by mass or more of the total mass of ( ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′ + ⁇ ′).
- the concentration of the i-th component with respect to the preparation liquid is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more. If the concentration of the i-th component is low, a rapid increase in viscosity during the cooling process becomes difficult.
- the concentration of the i-th component with respect to the preparation liquid should be not more than 20% by mass in order for the viscosity between T0 and T4 to be a viscosity suitable for forming a capsule film by the dipping method. Preferably, the content is 15% by mass or less.
- the cold gelling property as shown in FIG. 1 is not preferable because the spraying or the like is not preferable because the gelling material causes clogging of the spray nozzle or the like.
- Selective combination of the cellulose compound and the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is not usually performed.
- the i-th component and the ii-th component are directly mixed in a state where no basic neutralizing agent is present in the solvent, it immediately gels and condenses. It is.
- the third aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid of the second aspect.
- a third aspect is a method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid in which the i-th component and the ii-component are mixed under the condition that the basic neutralizing agent is present in the solvent,
- the ith component is methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more
- the ii component is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer.
- enteric methacrylic acid copolymers it is preferred to use a colloidal dispersion.
- the i-component the water-soluble cellulose compound having a viscosity value in the range of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more
- the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer which is the ii-th component
- the degree of neutralization with respect to the component ii is preferably 2% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the degree of neutralization is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 1% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less.
- the agglomeration phenomenon and the cold gelation phenomenon include the interaction between colloid particles of the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer and / or the methacrylic acid contained in the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer. It is presumed that an interaction between the carboxyl group of the above and the hydroxyl group of the water-soluble cellulose is involved.
- the 3-1st aspect of the present invention is: Step A: a step of preparing a partially neutralized solution of the component ii, and Step B: a step of adding the i-th component to the partially neutralized solution of the ii-th component to prepare a partially dissolved solution of the i-th component, and a method for preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation solution containing a film component and a solvent.
- each component may be added to the solvent, or the component may be added to or mixed with the solution containing another component already prepared in the previous step.
- the transition temperature between each step or the temperature adjustment at the time of mixing the solution prepared in each step can be appropriately set according to the following requirements.
- a colloidal dispersion liquid which can omit an additional dispersion step by neutralization.
- a minimum amount of a basic neutralizing agent is used. It is desirable to carry out mixing with the i-th component in the presence.
- a partially neutralized solution of component ii is prepared by previously adding a basic neutralizer that is pharmaceutically acceptable as component ii or as a food additive.
- a basic neutralizer that is pharmaceutically acceptable as component ii or as a food additive.
- the sum is relatively low, preferably 2% or more, and more preferably 5% or more. On the other hand, it is preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 15%, further preferably at most 12%. If the degree of neutralization is too low, aggregation occurs immediately after mixing the i-th component and the ii-th component, and a stable aqueous dispersion cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the degree of neutralization is too high, the cold gelation performance of the capsule preparation liquid tends to be impaired.
- the optimum range can be adjusted by the constitution ratio of the methacrylic acid monomer unit to the other (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units in the methacrylic acid copolymer and the solid content concentration in the capsule preparation liquid.
- the component ii is a copolymer (more specifically, L30D-55) composed of 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate, Is 2 to 20%.
- a partial solution is prepared by adding the i-th component to a solution containing the basic neutralizer and the ii-th component to partially dissolve the solution.
- the ith component is added to the neutralized solution containing the ii component or a mixture of the neutralized solution of the ii component and the dispersion of the iv component at a first temperature T1 equal to or higher than the cloud point T0 of the ith component.
- a dispersion liquid in which the i-th component is partially dissolved at a second temperature T2 lower than the cloud point is prepared.
- the first temperature T1 is not limited as long as it is higher than the cloud point T0 and lower than the boiling point of the solvent.
- it can be in the range of 60 ° C. to 90 ° C.
- the temperature T1 can be in the range of 70 ° C to 90 ° C.
- the second temperature T2 is preferably higher than room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.) and lower than the cloud point T0.
- the temperature can be in the range of 30 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the temperature T2 can be in the range of 40 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the viscosity of the dispersion in which the water-soluble cellulose compound is undissolved and dispersed at a temperature of T0 or more is extremely low, and is generally less than 100 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity gradually increases, and the viscosity becomes higher than 100 mPa ⁇ s, so that it is known that T0 has been passed during the temperature decreasing process.
- the temperature is within a range of approximately 10 ° C. from T0, a dispersion liquid in which solid fine particles of undissolved water-soluble cellulose are stably present is obtained.
- the viscosity of the capsule preparation liquid becomes too high (approximately 10,000 mPa ⁇ s or more), it is preferable that the temperature T2 is not more than T0 and not lower than 30 ° C.
- the water-soluble cellulose compound as the i-th component was suspended in the neutralized solution of the iii-th component at a temperature T1 higher than the cloud point T0, and the temperature was lowered to the second temperature T2, whereby the i-th component was partially dissolved.
- a dispersion can be prepared.
- the degree of partial dissolution can be appropriately controlled based on the temperature difference.
- step C of adding component iii can be added.
- the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer which is the component iii has almost no interaction with both the component i and the component ii affecting the viscosity and the chemical stability. It can be added following any of the steps.
- This embodiment 3-1 may further include a step D of maintaining the solution obtained in the step B or C at the third temperature T3 lower than the cloud point of the i-th component.
- the third temperature T3 is preferably higher than T2 and not lower than the cloud point T0 by 10 ° C. or more. This makes it possible to stably maintain the dissolved state of the i-th component.
- the temperature can be in the range of 30 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the temperature T3 can be in the range of 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the iv component of the preparation of the present invention can be added usually after any of the steps B, C and D.
- the preparation process is performed in a cylindrical container, it is preferable to rotate the propeller-like stirring blade at 1 to several hundred rpm to stir.
- the viscosity of the capsule preparation liquid can be adjusted mainly by the viscosity value and concentration of the i-th component and the degree of partial dissolution. That is, it can be adjusted by utilizing the fact that the greater the difference between the melting temperature T0 and the temperature T2 or T3, the more the melting proceeds, and the higher the viscosity.
- an alkali metal salt, an alkali metal earth salt specifically, NaCl, KCl, disodium hydrogen phosphate, disodium sulfite, trisodium citrate, etc.
- enteric hard capsules can be prepared using a capsule preparing machine for preparing other hard capsules.
- the present invention is characterized in that the hard capsule is formed by a dipping method, in particular, a “cold pin dipping method”.
- the “cold pin immersion method” is characterized in that the surface temperature of the molding pin during immersion is lower than the temperature of the capsule preparation liquid.
- the method for preparing (molding) the enteric hard capsule is not particularly limited as long as the method includes a step of preparing a capsule using the liquid for preparing an enteric hard capsule according to the present invention.
- an enteric hard capsule is obtained by immersing a mold pin (capsule molding pin) serving as a mold of the capsule in an enteric hard capsule preparation liquid, and curing and drying a film adhered when the capsule is pulled up.
- a method for preparing an enteric hard capsule is a step of preparing an enteric hard capsule preparation by the above method, or a step of preparing the enteric hard capsule by purchasing the same, and a step of preparing such an enteric hard capsule. After the mold pin is immersed in the preparation liquid, the mold pin is pulled up, the mold pin is turned upside down, and the solution is attached to the mold pin and dried to prepare a manufacturing step.
- the enteric hard capsule used in the present invention can be produced through the following molding step. (1) a step of immersing a mold pin in an enteric hard capsule preparation solution (immersion step); (2) a step of pulling up the mold pin from the preparation liquid (immersion liquid) of the preparation liquid for enteric hard capsule (drying liquid) and drying the preparation liquid for enteric hard capsule adhered to the outer surface of the mold pin (drying step); (3) A step of detaching the dried capsule film (film) from the capsule forming pin (detachment step).
- the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid is kept at a temperature T5 lower than the cloud point of the water-soluble cellulose compound and higher than room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.) when the mold pin is immersed.
- T5 is preferably a temperature not lower than the cloud point T0 by 10 ° C. or more, and more preferably a temperature equal to or higher than T2.
- the temperature is preferably in the range of 30 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the temperature T5 can be in the range of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. Note that T3 and T5 can be set to the same temperature.
- the viscosity of the capsule preparation liquid during immersion at the holding temperature T5 is preferably 100 mPa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s or more, and even more preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the viscosity of the capsule preparation liquid during immersion at the holding temperature T5 is preferably 10,000 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 5000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and still more preferably 3000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity of the capsule preparation solution can be measured using a single cylindrical rotational viscometer (Brookfield viscometer, B viscometer). For example, after preparing a capsule preparation liquid in a 1 L beaker (liquid volume is 600 ml), put an M3 rotor (measurement range from 0 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s) into the capsule preparation liquid maintained at 55 ° C. Number, 12 r. p. m. Can be measured in a measurement time of 50 seconds.
- B viscometer Brookfield viscometer
- the surface temperature T6 of the mold pin at the time of immersion is lower than the liquid temperature T5 of the enteric hard capsule preparation liquid, and is lower than the temperature T4 at which the viscosity rapidly increases due to the cold gelation.
- it is in the range of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C., and more preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 28 ° C.
- the drying step (2) is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature (20 to 30 ° C.). Usually, it is performed by blowing air at room temperature.
- the water content is, for example, about 70 to 90%.
- the drying temperature, humidity, and time are preferably adjusted so that the moisture content of the dried film is at least 2% or more.
- the capsule film thus prepared can be provided as an enteric hard capsule in a state where the body portion and the cap portion are fitted or not fitted after being cut into a predetermined length.
- the coating thickness of the enteric hard capsule is usually in the range of 50 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the side wall portion of the capsule is usually 70 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 80 to 120 ⁇ m, in the currently marketed capsule.
- Examples of the size of the enteric hard capsule include No. 00, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and the like. In the present invention, it is possible to prepare an enteric hard capsule of any size. it can.
- the enteric hard capsule of the present invention is a hard capsule formulation filled with an active drug, and the elution of the active drug after 2 hours in a dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 1.2.
- a hard capsule preparation characterized in that the ratio is 10% or less can be realized.
- the active drug to be filled in the enteric hard capsule of the present invention includes, for example, nourishing tonic health agents, antipyretic analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, psychotropic drugs, anxiolytics, antidepressants, hypnotic sedatives, antispasmodics, central nervous system drugs , Brain metabolism improver, cerebral circulation improver, antiepileptic, sympathomimetics, gastrointestinal, antacid, antiulcer, antitussive expectorant, antiemetic, respiratory stimulant, bronchodilator, allergy medicine, Dental oral medicine, antihistamine, cardiotonic, arrhythmic, diuretic, antihypertensive, vasoconstrictor, coronary vasodilator, peripheral vasodilator, hyperlipidemia, choline, antibiotic, chemotherapy Agents, diabetes agents, osteoporosis agents, antirheumatic agents, skeletal muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, hormonal agents, alkaloid drugs, sulfa drugs, gout
- these medicinal components are not particularly limited, and a wide range of known components can be used. These components can be used alone or as a mixture with other components. In addition, these components are filled in known and appropriate amounts determined appropriately according to the disease, age and the like of the patient.
- Nourishing tonic health agents include, for example, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E (d- ⁇ -tocopherol acetate, etc.), vitamin B1 (dibenzoylthiamine, fursultiamine hydrochloride, etc.), vitamin B2 (riboflavin butyrate, etc.), vitamins B6 (eg, pyridoxine hydrochloride), vitamin C (eg, ascorbic acid, sodium L-ascorbate), vitamin B12 (eg, hydroxocobalamin acetate, cyanocobalamin acetate), minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, etc., proteins, amino acids, oligosaccharides, Crude drugs and the like are included.
- vitamin A vitamin A
- vitamin D vitamin D
- vitamin E d- ⁇ -tocopherol acetate, etc.
- vitamin B1 dibenzoylthiamine, fursultiamine hydrochloride, etc.
- vitamin B2 riboflavin butyrate, etc.
- vitamins B6
- Antipyretic analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs include, for example, aspirin, acetaminophen, ethenzamide, ibuprofen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, dl-chlorpheniramine maleate, dihydrocodeine phosphate, noscapine, methylephedrine hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, caffeine, anhydrous caffeine , Serapeptase, lysozyme chloride, tolfenamic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac sodium, flufenamic acid, salicylamide, aminopyrine, ketoprofen, indomethacin, bucolome, pentazocine and the like. However, it is not limited to these.
- enteric hard capsules are highly useful when applied in the stomach when dissolved in the stomach, which may have side effects on the stomach.
- it may be acid labile and need to be absorbed in the intestine without dissolving in the stomach.
- a preparation in which the efficacy of the active ingredient can be reduced by stomach acid can be protected by the enteric-coated hard capsule preparation of the present invention from the stomach acid, effectively pass through the stomach and delivered to the intestine, Useful.
- Aspirin for example, is known to have side effects that cause gastric ulcer-like symptoms when administered in large amounts, for example, in the form of naked granules, and is one of the typical drugs for which the application of enteric-coated hard capsules is desired.
- acid-labile medicinal ingredients include omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, esomeprazole magnesium hydrate, etc., which are known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
- PPI rides the bloodstream to the parietal cells and is activated in contact with high concentrations of hydrogen ions in the secretory tubules of the parietal cells.
- PPI proton pump inhibitors
- PPI is an extremely unstable drug in an acidic environment, and if it is exposed to an acid before it reaches parietal cells, it will not be able to exhibit a sufficient effect. For this reason, in order to exert the strong acid secretion suppressing power of PPI, it is usually made into an enteric preparation.
- the dissolution rate of the enteric hard capsule after 2 hours is 25% or less.
- a hard capsule preparation is preferable in which the dissolution rate of the active drug after 2 hours is 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less.
- Duloxetine one of the antidepressants called serotonin / noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is also an example of a drug substance that is desirably enteric-coated because it is susceptible to acids.
- the enteric hard capsules of the present invention include peptides and amino acids (for example, royal jelly, ornithine, citrulline, etc.) as health foods (including fucoidan, heme iron, polyphenols and the like, including foods for specified health use or dietary supplements).
- peptides and amino acids for example, royal jelly, ornithine, citrulline, etc.
- health foods including fucoidan, heme iron, polyphenols and the like, including foods for specified health use or dietary supplements.
- the filling of the content into the enteric hard capsule is performed by a capsule filling machine known per se, for example, a fully automatic capsule filling machine (model name: LIQFILsuper80 / 150, manufactured by Qualicaps Co., Ltd.), a capsule filling / sealing machine ( (Model name: LIQFILsuperFS, manufactured by Qualicaps Co., Ltd.) or the like.
- a capsule filling machine known per se, for example, a fully automatic capsule filling machine (model name: LIQFILsuper80 / 150, manufactured by Qualicaps Co., Ltd.), a capsule filling / sealing machine ( (Model name: LIQFILsuperFS, manufactured by Qualicaps Co., Ltd.) or the like.
- the body portion and the cap portion of the hard capsule thus obtained are filled with the contents, then the body portion is covered with the cap portion, and the two are fitted together to join the body portion and the cap portion.
- the filled capsule if desired, can then be made tamper-proof by using a suitable technique
- sealing or banding techniques may be used, where these techniques are well known to those skilled in the capsule art.
- a sealant of the polymer solution is applied to the surface of the body portion and the surface of the cap portion at a constant width around the edge of the cap portion in a circumferential direction of the body portion and the cap portion for one turn.
- ⁇ Applying a plurality of times, preferably once or twice, seals the fitting portion to obtain an enteric hard capsule.
- the polymer solution a dilute aqueous solution of an enteric polymer or a solution dissolved in a water / ethanol or water / isopropanol solvent can be used. When a dilute aqueous solution or a solution dissolved in a solvent containing water is used, it may be used after partially dissolving with the above-described basic neutralizing agent. Further, a plasticizer and a surfactant can be added.
- the solid content of L30D-55 which is a (meth) acrylic acid copolymer used for the capsule coating, is dried and powdered to form L100-55 in an amount of 10 to 50% by mass, and a basic neutralizing agent.
- a sealing liquid containing 0.0 to 0.6% by mass of NaOH and 0.5 to 40% by mass of triethyl citrate, and the remainder being a mixed solvent of water / ethanol.
- it contains L100-55 in an amount of 12.5 to 40.0% by mass, NaOH as a basic neutralizing agent in an amount of 0.0 to 0.4% by mass, and triethyl citrate in an amount of 1.0 to 3.5% by mass.
- the remainder is a water / ethanol mixed solvent. More preferably, L100-55 is 15.0-30.0% by mass, NaOH as a basic neutralizer is 0.0-0.2% by mass, and triethyl citrate is 1.5-3.0% by mass. And the remainder is a water / ethanol mixed solvent.
- the ratio of ethanol in the water / ethanol mixed solvent is 10 to 70% by mass, preferably 20 to 60% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 50% by mass.
- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate can be used as the enteric polymer. More specifically, it is a sealing liquid containing 10 to 40% by mass of HPMCAS-MF (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the remainder being ethanol.
- HPMCAS-MF is 12.5 to 35% by mass, and the balance is ethanol. More preferably, the HPMCAS-MF is 15 to 30% by mass, and the balance is ethanol.
- the band sealer preparation can be generally used at room temperature or under heating. From the viewpoint of preventing liquid leakage of the hard capsule, it is desirable to use a seal preparation liquid having a temperature within a range of preferably about 23 to 45 ° C, more preferably about 23 to 35 ° C, and most preferably about 25 to 35 ° C.
- the temperature of the seal preparation liquid can be adjusted by a method known per se such as a panel heater or a hot water heater. For example, a circulating hot water heater or a seal pan unit of the integrated capsule filling and sealing machine is circulated by a circulating system. It is preferable to adjust the temperature with a hot water heater or the like because the temperature range can be finely adjusted.
- the thus-obtained enteric-coated hard capsule preparation of the present invention exhibits acid resistance in the stomach when administered and ingested into a human or animal body, and mainly migrates to the intestine, dissolving the capsule shell and dissolving the contents. Designed to be released. Therefore, it is suitable as a preparation filled with pharmaceuticals and foods that are not preferable to be released in the stomach.
- the capsule coating is externally coated with one or more additional polymer layers to enhance enteric function, to further control drug delivery, or to control gas or moisture permeability. May be.
- a functional polymer layer means a layer containing a functional polymer that imparts certain mechanical or chemical properties to the coated capsule skin.
- the functional polymer may be an enteric polymer and / or a colon-releasing polymer conventionally used to coat a pharmaceutical solid dosage form (ie, used to disrupt a coated dosage form in the colonic region of a subject). Polymer).
- the hard capsule of the present invention can control the difference in the intestinal environment, that is, the difference in the dissolution rate (the rate of increase of the dissolution rate over time) after the pH reaches 6.8. Can be.
- an active drug to the lower small intestine and the large intestine, it is expected to be effective in controlling inflammatory diseases at the site.
- the active drug release time in the small intestine is prolonged, and sustained drug efficacy can be expected.
- a hard capsule preparation characterized by including the enteric hard capsule according to the present disclosure inside a hard capsule that can be dissolved under acidic conditions.
- Hard capsules that can be dissolved under acidic conditions include, but are not limited to, gelatin capsules and hypromellose capsules, or pullulan capsules.
- hypromellose hard capsules those having a display viscosity (viscosity grade) value of 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s of water-soluble cellulose are used (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 08-208458, 2001-506692, 2010).
- the active ingredient B is filled in advance in the enteric hard capsule according to the present disclosure, and the active ingredient A and the filled enteric hard capsule are filled in the hard capsule that can be dissolved under acidic conditions.
- Such a dual capsule formulation allows for the selective and different delivery of active ingredients to multiple sites, such as to release active ingredient A in the stomach and release active ingredient B once it reaches the intestine.
- the active ingredient A and the active ingredient B are as described in 5. above. And the active drugs described in (1).
- Hard Capsule Coating Having Two-Phase Structure and Method for Preparing Hard Capsule Having the Coating Structure The sea-island structure characteristic of the coating of the hard capsule and the hard capsule having the coating structure disclosed herein are disclosed herein.
- the preparation method (production process) is not limited to enteric hard capsules, but can also include the following novel functional hard capsules and a method for preparing the same.
- a hard capsule film having a two-phase structure comprising a core particle phase composed of water-soluble polymer fine particles containing no active drug and a binder phase covering the surface of the core particles and / or binding between the core particles.
- the binder phase includes a hard capsule mainly containing a functional polymer different from the water-soluble polymer and capable of controlling the dissolution characteristics of the core particle phase.
- the elastic modulus is achieved by the water-soluble polymer serving as the core particle phase.
- the core particle phase component is preferably at least 30% by mass, more preferably at least 40% by mass, of all the components of the coating.
- the upper limit is preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the total cross-sectional area of the core particle phase in the cross section of the hard capsule coating is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 40% or more.
- the core particle phase may be composed of two or more water-soluble polymers.
- the upper limit is preferably 70% or less.
- the ratio of the mass of the functional polymer to the mass of the entire capsule coating is preferably 30 to 60% by mass.
- the total of the core particle phase component and the functional polymer component is 70% by mass or more based on the whole film mass.
- the function given to the hard capsule is achieved by a binder phase mainly containing a functional polymer.
- "function" preferably intends to control the solubility properties of the capsule coating.
- Controlling dissolution characteristics refers to characteristics such as enteric solubility utilizing pH dependency, solubility in the lower intestinal tract, which is an environment higher than pH 7, and sustained release.
- sustained release is intended for drug delivery to the lower intestinal tract and sustained release in the intestinal tract, and therefore polymers that are enteric and sustained release, or enteric polymers This is achieved by using a sustained-release polymer in combination. All polymers are poorly soluble in neutral aqueous solvents.
- a coating agent comprising an enteric or sustained release (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, which is a copolymer of methacrylic acid and an alkyl (meth) acrylate.
- a water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer can also be used to suppress water penetration and impart a sustained release function.
- the (meth) acrylic acid copolymer having an enteric function the above-mentioned copolymer comprising 40 to 60% by mass of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by mass of ethyl acrylate can be used.
- the above-mentioned copolymer comprising 20 to 40% by mass of methyl methacrylate and 60 to 80% by mass of ethyl acrylate can be used.
- the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer coating agent itself is acidic, if it is directly coated on an active drug which is vulnerable to an acid, a functional contradiction of deteriorating and / or decomposing the active drug occurs (non-functional).
- Patent Document 8 the core containing the active drug (usually uncoated tablets) is not directly coated, but an intermediate layer is coated on the core to avoid direct contact with the acid, and then the enteric polymer is mainly used. A complicated formulation process such as coating with a coating liquid is required.
- the coating having the two-phase structure maintains the mechanical strength of the hard capsule coating by the water-soluble polymer core particle phase, and is mixed with a relatively small amount of a functional polymer to form a coating on the outer surface of the hard capsule composed of a mere water-soluble polymer. Even without the complicated steps of coating the intermediate layer and the functional polymer, it is possible to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and control the dissolution characteristics of the capsule film alone. In addition, it is possible to avoid direct contact between the active drug to be filled and the coating liquid, and prevent the above-mentioned enteric coating agent from deteriorating the active drug.
- the ratio of the mass of the core particles composed of the water-soluble polymer to the mass of the entire capsule coat is preferably 30 to 70 mass%, more preferably 40 mass% or more.
- an aqueous drug-free pharmaceutically or food additive-free pharmaceutically acceptable additive is used.
- Use liquid In the capsule preparation liquid for immersion, at least a part of the core particles of the water-soluble polymer is preferably a suspension (solid fine particle dispersion) in which most of the core particles remain undissolved, and the functional solvent is contained in the solvent.
- the polymer is dissolved or forms a colloidal dispersion finer than the core particles and coexists as a stable dispersion.
- the thickness of the hard capsule film is preferably in the range of 50 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the water-soluble polymer raw material forming the core particles is usually supplied as a dry raw material (powder), and the average particle size is sufficiently smaller than the thickness of the capsule coating, and the average particle size may be in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m. desirable.
- the average particle size of the colloidal particles is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than that of the core particles, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, and more preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the core particles are water-soluble polymer fine particles remaining undissolved, the functional polymer added separately cannot penetrate deeply into the core particles, which are dispersoids, and is mainly contained in the solvent between the core particle phases. Dissolved or dispersed as colloidal particles. Such a dispersion medium leads to the formation of a binder phase. It is desirable that the solid particles at the time of loss on drying are coated on the surface of the functional polymer in an aqueous solvent, thereby suppressing further dissolution and forming a stable core particle dispersion.
- the water-soluble polymer alone is used as a coating material for a hard capsule that rapidly dissolves in water.
- a water-soluble polymer having a lower critical solution temperature (which may be simply referred to as a melting temperature) (Low Critical Solution Temperature, LCST), that is, T0 (hereinafter, may be referred to as an LCST polymer), is particularly cooled.
- LCST Low Critical Solution Temperature
- the powder fine particles When the temperature is lowered while uniformly dispersing the dry raw material powder of the water-soluble cellulose in water at a temperature sufficiently higher than the lower critical solution temperature T0, the powder fine particles (which will become core particles) gradually pass near T0. Swelling and possibly begin to partially dissolve from its surface.
- aqueous solution of a single water-soluble polymer having a lower critical solution temperature T0
- it is first partially dissolved to form a dispersion of fine particles in a temperature lowering process below T0.
- LCST polymer single water-soluble polymer
- Such a dispersion if the dissolution concentration is appropriate, once shows a sharp increase in viscosity presumed to be due to structural viscosity, then further dissolution proceeds, the viscosity decreases and disappears, generally around room temperature, high concentration The solution becomes almost completely dissolved.
- the dispersion in the initial state of a rapid increase in viscosity forms a stable dispersion of fine particles that can become core particles in the capsule coating if the temperature is further stopped and the temperature is kept constant.
- the dispersion does not need to be in a completely equilibrium and stable state, and may be in a stable state (a metastable state) for a time or storage condition that allows industrial use.
- the viscosity of the aqueous solution of the LCST polymer once completely dissolved is kept lower than that of the partially dissolved dispersion, while the temperature is kept lowered. Further, even if the temperature is raised to a temperature lower than T0 again, the solution remains as a completely dissolved aqueous solution. Therefore, at least below T0, the core particle phase having a size on the order of ⁇ m is not reformed, and the aqueous solution does not become cloudy again. This is a property of LCST polymers.
- the capsule preparation liquid When the capsule preparation liquid is adhered to a mold pin having a temperature lower than the preparation liquid temperature and then dried on the pin surface, in a further temperature lowering process, the capsule preparation liquid on the pin surface is completely dissolved, The core particle phase existing in the preparation liquid disappears. In order to prevent this, it is required that the surface of the core particle is coated with functional polymer molecules or colloid particles, that is, one end of the functional polymer is adsorbed on the surface of the core particle. In the capsule preparation liquid, since the core particle phase composed of the partially dissolved LCST polymer is already covered with the functional polymer, dissolution is prevented from progressing in the further cooling step, so that the two-phase structure is preserved. Will be done.
- the coating of the functional polymer with the functional polymer on the surface of the core particle is performed by the interaction between the functional group of the water-soluble polymer and the functional group of the functional polymer on the surface of the core particle in the capsule preparation liquid, such as hydrogen bonding. It can be realized by having At the same time, it is desirable that the surface of each core particle is almost completely covered with the functional polymer molecule by this adsorption. If the functional polymer is dissolved, of course, it will be easy to form a dense surface adsorption layer.
- the functional polymer is an emulsion of colloidal particles
- the fact that the average particle size of the colloidal particles is about one order of magnitude smaller than the average particle size of the core particles means that a dense surface adsorption layer is formed on the surface of the core particles.
- water-soluble polymer examples include a water-soluble cellulose compound (water-soluble cellulose polymer).
- water-soluble cellulose polymer The phenomenon in which dissolved water-soluble polymer molecules are adsorbed in a dispersion in which colloidal particles (latex) of another polymer are dispersed in a dilute aqueous solution of a water-soluble cellulose polymer (at a concentration of generally less than 5% by mass).
- Non-Patent Documents 10 and 11 There are also reports suggesting the interaction between hydroxyl groups in water-soluble cellulose and carboxyl groups in functional polymers (methacrylic acid copolymers), which are thought to involve hydrogen bonds, although in organic solvents.
- Non-Patent Document 12 There are also reports suggesting the interaction between hydroxyl groups in water-soluble cellulose and carboxyl groups in functional polymers (methacrylic acid copolymers), which are thought to involve hydrogen bonds, although in organic solvents.
- the hard capsule film having a two-phase structure disclosed in the present specification is bound by the theory and preparation method of such interactions (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, van der Waals force, etc.) in an aqueous solution. is not.
- the interaction between the core particles and the functional polymer is at least assured that the functional polymer is adsorbed and coated on the core particles dispersed in the aqueous solution for immersion, and more preferably, the dispersion is stable. It is only necessary to have a phenomenon such as cold gelation. Gelation may be ensured by a gelling agent and a gelling aid added to the capsule preparation liquid separately from the functional polymer.
- the amount added is preferably about 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, when the total volume of the capsule preparation liquid is 100% by mass.
- the amount of the functional polymer (or its colloid particles) to be adsorbed is required to cover at least almost the surface area of the core particles. It is considered that the ratio depends on the molecular weight of the functional polymer and the particle size of the colloidal particles of the functional polymer, but generally, the ratio of the mass of the functional polymer to the total mass of the capsule coating is preferably 30 to 60% by mass. Since the core particles are mostly undissolved, a composition in which the functional polymer is the main component is naturally achieved in the binder phase, and effectively functions as a coating layer for the core particles.
- the binder phase may contain a partially dissolved water-soluble polymer.
- the degree of partial dissolution can be controlled by lowering the LCST temperature to a temperature T2 slightly lower than T0, that is, the water solubility in the binder phase.
- the polymer concentration can be adjusted appropriately.
- the functional polymer is the main component.
- the ratio of the functional polymer mass is more preferably 50% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass. Is more preferable. This ensures the solubility control function of the functional polymer as the entire binder phase.
- the binder phase itself does not always form a single phase, and may have a lower phase structure.
- the water-soluble polymer fine particles in the core particle phase may contain two or more types of water-soluble polymers.
- each core particle phase may be isolated by being surrounded by the binder phase, or may have a lamella structure in which the core particle phases are connected to each other.
- a water-soluble cellulose compound having an LCST a cellulose derivative in which a part of a hydroxyl group in a cellulose molecule is substituted to impart water solubility is known. More specifically, it is a cellulose derivative in which a part of a hydroxyl group is substituted with a methyl group and / or a hydroxypropyl group, and more specifically, methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Its LCST is generally in the range of 30-60 ° C.
- the thickness of the hard capsule film is preferably in the range of 50 to 250 ⁇ m as described above. Therefore, the water-soluble polymer raw material is usually supplied as a dry raw material (powder), and its average particle size is desirably sufficiently smaller than the capsule coating thickness, and the average particle size is desirably in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the water-soluble polymer is desirably methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- component I and component II are used as a specific embodiment of the enteric or sustained-release hard capsule formed of a hard capsule film having a two-phase structure formed by a single immersion method by a general immersion method.
- component II an enteric or sustained-release hard capsule comprising a film containing the same.
- Component I can be a water-soluble cellulose polymer having a lower critical solution temperature and an average particle size of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- Component II can be an enteric coating base and / or a sustained release coating base that forms an aqueous dispersion of water-soluble or colloidal particles.
- the enteric-coated or sustained-release hard capsule is a capsule preparation liquid in which an aqueous dispersion containing at least undissolved fine particles of component I and component II is maintained at a temperature near the lower critical solution temperature of component I.
- a step of immersing a mold pin having a lower surface temperature than the temperature of the preparation liquid, and a step of pulling up the mold pin from the preparation liquid and drying the preparation liquid attached to the mold pin, Can be formed.
- enteric hard capsule formed of a hard capsule film having a two-phase structure formed by a single immersion by a general immersion method include Component I and Component II.
- An enteric hard capsule comprising a film containing The component I may be methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a viscosity value of 6 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- Component II may be an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer.
- the enteric hard capsule is an enteric hard capsule comprising an aqueous dispersion containing at least fine particles of component I and component II, and further comprising a basic neutralizer capable of partially neutralizing component II.
- a step including a second step of pulling up and drying the preparation liquid adhered to the mold pin may be formed.
- the particle size distribution of the TC-5 series and SH series HPMCs was measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution analyzer (“Microtrack particle size distribution MT3300II @ EX” manufactured by Microtrac Bell Inc.). The average particle size was in the range of 50-100 ⁇ m. The volume fraction of the particles having a particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more was 50% or more.
- water-insoluble polymer (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer NE30D of Eudragit (registered trademark) series, Evonik Industries AG was used. It is provided as an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 30% by mass.
- ethyl cellulose Aquacoat (registered trademark) ECD-30 manufactured by FMC was used. It is provided as an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 30% by mass.
- Plasticizer, surfactant (emulsifier) Polyoxyl 40 stearate (Nikko Chemical) is solid at room temperature
- Tween 80 polysorbate 80, Kanto Chemical or Nikko Chemical
- HCO60 polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil 60, Nikko Chemical
- SEFSOL218 Generic name: propylene glycol monocaprylate, Nikko Chemical
- dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is a solid at room temperature.
- surfactants also have multiple uses such as stabilizing (stabilizing) agents, plasticizers, lubricants, solubilizing (solubilizing) agents, bases and binders.
- PG propylene glycol, Wako Pure Chemical
- PG is a plasticizer that is liquid at room temperature.
- the test was performed according to the 1.2 paddle method (paddle rotation speed 50 rotations / minute) and using a sinker corresponding to Fig. 6.10-2a in Fig. 6, and the time change of the elution rate of acetaminophen was measured.
- a bus type dissolution tester Model 2100 manufactured by Distek was used for the dissolution test.
- the absorbance at 244 nm is set to 100%, and the absorbance in the dissolution tester bath increases with the dissolution of acetaminophen from the capsule.
- the elution rate was determined from the absorbance of the solution at 244 nm.
- first solution, second solution, and the following aqueous solution were used as the buffer 3 as the buffer.
- the temperature of the solution in the bath was 37 ° C.
- First liquid 2.0 g of sodium chloride was dissolved by adding 7.0 mL of hydrochloric acid and water to adjust to 1000 mL (pH is about 1.2, hereinafter sometimes referred to as acidic solution).
- Second liquid 3.40 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3.55 g of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate were dissolved in water, and prepared by adding 1 volume of water to 1 volume of a 1000 mL phosphate buffer solution (pH Is about 6.8, hereinafter sometimes referred to as a neutral solution).
- Buffer 3 Citric acid hydrate (3.378 g) and anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate (2.535 g) were dissolved in water to prepare 1,000 mL.
- the dynamic viscoelasticity of the capsule preparation liquid was measured using a rheometer (MCR102) manufactured by AntonPaar.
- MCR102 rheometer
- a double cylindrical tube measuring jig model number CC27 / T200 / SS
- a temperature control system C-PTD200 were used.
- the liquid volume was about 19 mL.
- about 1 mL of cottonseed oil was dropped on the outermost surface of the sample liquid in the cylindrical tube.
- the temperature dependence was measured while decreasing at a rate of 1 ° C./min from 60 ° C.
- Viscosity of Capsule Preparation Solution The viscosity of the capsule preparation solution (55 ° C.) was measured using a Brookfield viscometer (TVB-10M (Toki Sangyo)). An M3 rotor (measurement range: 0 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s) was used for the measurement. The rotor speed is 12 r. p. m. After a capsule preparation liquid was prepared in a 1 L beaker (the liquid volume was 600 ml), a rotor was put in the beaker, and measurement was carried out for 50 seconds.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Raman microscopy were used to observe the film structure.
- the scanning electron microscope used was Ultra55 manufactured by Carl Zeiss. To observe the cross section of the capsule coating, cut the prepared capsule coating into small pieces, embed them in epoxy resin, slice them with a microtome, and cut the sections for observation (approximately 300 to 400 ⁇ m square with a thickness of 2 to 3 ⁇ m). Produced. The sections were subjected to PtPd vapor deposition. The electron beam was irradiated at an acceleration voltage of 3 kV, and the section was scanned.
- the capsule pieces cut into a circle were embedded in an epoxy resin, the capsule pieces were sliced with a microtome to prepare sections having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m. The section was placed on a metal plate and observed.
- the prepared solution was observed using an optical microscope (BX53, manufactured by Olympus Corporation) having a temperature control function for the stage. Use 10x eyepiece and 10x objective lens, Transmission observation was performed.
- the prepared solution at 55 ° C. was dropped on a slide glass which was also preheated on a stage at 55 ° C., and further covered with a cover glass which was also preheated to 55 ° C.
- Salt (sodium) in the capsule film was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after dry incineration treatment according to the following procedure.
- AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy
- the sample was precisely weighed in a platinum crucible, and after adding concentrated sulfuric acid, it was heated in an electric furnace at 650 ° C. until there was no organic matter.
- the remaining ash was dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, diluted appropriately, and quantified with an atomic absorption spectrometer (SpectrAA-220 manufactured by VARIAN).
- a metallic applicator was placed on a glass surface or a PET film kept at room temperature, and a prepared solution at 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. was poured and moved at a constant speed to produce a uniform film of 100 ⁇ m. Thereafter, drying was performed at room temperature to 30 ° C. for about 10 hours.
- an applicator having a gap of 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm was appropriately used.
- the produced film was cut into a dumbbell shape of 5 mm x 75 mm (defined by JIS K-6161-2-1BA) ⁇ , and then subjected to a tensile test using a small bench tester (EZ-LX, Shimadzu Corporation). Both ends of the film were set in a holder (gap length: 60 mm), and the film was pulled at a pulling speed of 10 mm / min. The film elongation and the stress (tensile stress) -elongation rate (strain) curve generated in the film were determined.
- the elastic modulus which is an index of hardness, was determined from the inclination of the elastic deformation region at low stress in FIG. 5, and the elongation at the breaking point was defined as the elongation at break (%) (Non-Patent Document 4, Chapter 4).
- ⁇ Circle around (1) First, after conditioning for one week or more under the condition of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 22% (using a saturated salt of potassium acetate), a tensile test was performed to evaluate mechanical strength. The tensile test was also performed in a temperature and humidity environment of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 22%. Further, the humidity was adjusted at 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 63% (using a saturated salt of ammonium nitrate) for one week or more, and then a tensile test was performed to evaluate the mechanical strength. The tensile test was also performed in a temperature and humidity environment of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 63%.
- a capsule preparation solution was prepared according to the following procedure. All operations were performed while stirring the solution.
- the solid content of the i-th component to the iv component (in the case of the iv component, even a liquid polymer may be referred to as a solid content) is referred to as a polymer component.
- the total solution mass is the total mass of the polymer component, the basic neutralizing agent, and other solid components (such as a plasticizer and a light-shielding agent) in addition to purified water as a solvent.
- the polymer component concentration refers to a ratio (% by mass) of the total mass of the polymer components to the total solution mass.
- a predetermined amount of the methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion was added to the purified water, and then sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and other salts were added as a basic neutralizing agent to prepare a partially neutralized solution.
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- NaOH was used in the following examples in an amount corresponding to partially neutralizing about 8% of the carboxyl groups of the methacrylic acid copolymer. That is, about 8% of a neutralization equivalent of 214.2 mg / g of MeOH was added to 1 g of the solid content of the methacrylic acid copolymer.
- Other salts are additionally added in this step.
- the pH of the preparation after partial neutralization is generally in the range of 5-6.
- Component iii and component iv were charged at this stage.
- c After the temperature of the partially neutralized solution was raised to 83 ° C., a titanium oxide dispersion was charged and thoroughly stirred with a three-one motor, and then a water-soluble cellulose compound was charged. A suspension was prepared and degassed. Thereafter, it was charged and dissolved.
- d The temperature of the solution was lowered, and the temperature was lowered to a temperature T2 lower than the dissolution temperature (cloud point, T0) of the water-soluble polymer to prepare a dispersion in which the water-soluble cellulose compound was partially dissolved.
- T2 was 50 to 55 ° C. e. d. Was maintained at the prepared liquid temperature T3 (55 ° C.).
- the dispersion of the component iii and the component iv can also be added at this stage.
- the viscosity with a Brookfield viscometer was in the range of approximately 1,000 to 3,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the final concentration of all polymer components was finely adjusted by adding hot pure water and evaporating so that the viscosity was within this range. In all the above steps, stirring was performed at 100 to 1,000 rpm using a propeller blade.
- Capsule III Method for Forming Capsule III.
- a hard capsule was prepared by a cold pin dipping method.
- the molding pin to which the capsule preparation solution was adhered was turned upside down and dried at room temperature for 10 hours or more.
- Preparation Example V-1 Preparation Example V-1
- a capsule preparation liquid was prepared according to Preparation Example III-1 (Preparation Method Embodiment 3-1), and molding was performed by molding method IV.
- ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ were the respective mass% when the total solid content mass (total polymer component mass) of the i-th component, the ii-th component, the iii-th component, and the iv-th component was 100 mass%.
- the mass ratios of the basic neutralizing agent (NaOH), other salts, and titanium oxide (light-shielding agent) to the total mass of the polymer components were ⁇ (%) and ⁇ (%), respectively.
- the mass ratio of the polymer components of the i-th component to the solid content of the purified water as the solvent and the solid content of the i-th component was defined as the polymer component concentration (%).
- Table 3 shows the specific composition of each.
- the degree of neutralization is the degree of neutralization of the component ii with respect to the solid content in step A of the preparation method.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Table 3 shows the dissolution rate of the capsule at pH 1.2 (first liquid), 4 (buffer 3), and 6.8 (second liquid), the elastic modulus and elongation of the cast film having the same composition as the capsule film, The water content is indicated. Also, a band seal solution containing 20% by mass of HPMCAS-MF and the remainder being ethanol, or 19.1% by mass of L100-55, 0.169% by mass of NaOH, and 1.74% by mass of triethyl citrate, (Anhydrous) Two kinds of band seal liquids were prepared by using a water / ethanol mixed solvent in which the ratio of ethanol was 40% by mass, and the caps of some capsules of Example 1 were covered with the joint part of the body.
- the viscosity of the capsule preparation liquid containing the polymer component of each composition of Example 1 at 55 ° C. in a B-type viscometer was in the range of 500 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ S.
- the addition of disodium hydrogen phosphate has the effect of reducing the viscosity of the capsule preparation liquid due to its salting out effect.
- the viscosity value (degree of polymerization) of 60SH50, which is HPMC is very high, and unless the solid content concentration is made several mass% or less, capsules It was difficult to reduce the viscosity of the prepared liquid to 10,000 mPa or less.
- Comparative Example 1-1 is an example in which the first component had a viscosity value of 4.5 mPa ⁇ s. Comparative Example 1-1 was very fragile and the mechanical strength of the film was insufficient.
- Comparative Example 1-2 is an example in which the first component was hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC).
- the surfaces of both the capsule film and the cast film were rough, the elongation was low, and their mechanical strength was insufficient as a hard capsule.
- Comparative Example 1-3 is an example in which the total ratio of the first component and the second component was less than 70% by mass.
- the proportion of the first component was less than 30% by mass, the cast film was extremely fragile, and it was difficult to form a hard capsule.
- very fragile refers to a case where it is practically difficult to form a hard capsule and the elongation is estimated to be significantly lower than 2%.
- Comparative Example 1-4 is an example in which the total ratio of the first component and the second component was less than 70% by mass. In particular, when the proportion of the second component was less than 30% by mass, the elution suppression at pH 1.2 was insufficient, indicating that it was not suitable as a hard capsule.
- Comparative Examples 1-5 and 1-6 are examples in which the total ratio of the first component and the second component is 70% by mass or more, but the ratio of the second component is less than 30% by mass. In this case, it was shown that elution suppression at pH 1.2 was insufficient and was not suitable as a hard capsule.
- Comparative Example 1-7 is an example in which the total ratio of the first component and the second component is 70% by mass or more, but the ratio of the second component is 60% by mass or more. In this case, it became a cast film which was very fragile, and it was difficult to form a hard capsule.
- both the first component and the second component are less than 30% by mass, a self-supporting dry film cannot be obtained, encapsulation is difficult, or any of the elution characteristics and the mechanical characteristics is poor in enteric hard. Did not meet the requirements for capsules.
- Comparative Examples 1-8, 1-9, and 1-10 are examples of cast films containing only the second component (L30D-55) and the third component (NE30D) without containing HPMC as the first component. Often used for coating tablets and the like. In these, although the composition ratio of the second component and the third component was changed, the mechanical strength suitable for the hard capsule film could not be obtained. The strength of the self-supporting film was insufficient such that it was difficult to carry out the tensile test, and it was either extremely soft or fragile.
- the cross section of the capsule film of Example 1-3 was cut out and observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- FIG. 2 a structure composed of an elongated island phase and a sea phase was observed.
- the phase in which the dark particles in the figure were present was the sea phase, and the dark particles were aggregates of titanium oxide dispersed in the sea phase. It is presumed that the particles could not penetrate into the undissolved HPMC islands because the particles were coarse or aggregated.
- the composition of the residual sodium in the capsule film measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer was almost the same as the NaOH concentration in the jelly solution.
- L30D-55 Since the degree of neutralization is about 8%, it is estimated that most of L30D-55 is contained as colloid particles.
- the coexistence of HPMC dissolved in the sea phase and the enteric polymer contributes to strengthening the adhesion between the island phases (undissolved HPMC particles) and increasing the mechanical strength of the capsule film as a whole. Is also estimated.
- Example 1-3 the prepared solution used in Example 1-3 was dropped on a slide glass on a stage in which the temperature was maintained at 55 ° C., sealed with a cover glass preheated at 55 ° C., and observed with an optical microscope.
- the transmission image is shown in FIG.
- the whitish part in the figure is undissolved solid fine particles of HPMC.
- the surrounding dark area is an aqueous solution containing an enteric polymer as a main component, and looks dark because it contains titanium oxide.
- the swelling which seems to be due to moisture permeation into the fine particles, showed a particle size.
- the moisture in the swollen dispersed fine particles evaporates in the drying step and is compressed in the thickness direction of the film. As can be seen from the cross-sectional view of the film in FIG. The thickness is sufficiently smaller than the thickness (about 100 ⁇ m), and is approximately 30 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in the storage modulus G ′ (Pa) and the loss modulus G ′′ (Pa) when the temperature of the preparation liquid used in Example 1-3 was lowered from the temperature T1 to room temperature. Between 40 ° C. and 45 ° C., the storage elastic modulus G ′ (Pa) exceeds the loss elastic modulus G ′′ (Pa), which is maintained at around room temperature, and is suitable for preparing hard capsules by the cold gel method. It was shown to be a preparation.
- Reference Examples 1, 2, 3 To confirm that the i-component, the ii-component, and the proper amount of the basic neutralizing agent were all necessary for the cold-pin immersion method preparation liquid and the hard capsule of the present invention, Reference Example 1 was used. -1 to 1-5 are based on the composition in Example 1-3, and Reference Examples 2-1 to 2-5 are based on the composition in Example 1-5 to which no titanium oxide is added. In -1, any of the components was removed, and various solutions were prepared by simply changing the mass by purified water, and the suitability as a capsule preparation solution was confirmed.
- Table 4 shows the composition of the preparation solution (not including titanium oxide in any case), the result of dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at the time of temperature drop with a rheometer, that is, the presence or absence of gelation near room temperature (G in the rheometer measurement, If '> G' ', it is judged to be gelled and represented by “ ⁇ ”. Even if G ′ ⁇ G ′′ or G ′> G ′′, G ′ is very small, In the case where solidification is not possible in practice, it is indicated by "x”) and the presence or absence of a sharp increase in viscosity at 30 to 50 ° C.
- the dispersion in which the i-th component was partially dissolved showed an increase in viscosity at 30 to 50 ° C., which was presumed to be due to structural viscosity, but gelation at around room temperature (G ′> G ′′) was not shown.
- the dispersion liquid of the component ii alone (Reference Example 2-2) showed almost completely liquid behavior in all temperature ranges, and both G ′ and G ′′ were very small. , From 55 ° C. to room temperature, the viscosity was generally less than 100 mPa ⁇ s, that is, neither an appropriate increase in viscosity during the cooling process nor a cold gelation ability near room temperature was exhibited.
- the liquid mixture (Reference Example 2-2) also did not exhibit an appropriate increase in viscosity and a cold gelling ability in the course of cooling.
- the capsule preparation liquid for preparing the enteric hard capsule contains all of the i-th component, the ii-th component, and a basic neutralizer capable of partially neutralizing the ii-th component. was thought to be.
- the enteric properties of the dried film cannot be ensured without the presence of the component ii, which is an enteric base.
- the ratio of the i-th component in the film component can be 20% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, and further 40% by mass or more, and the i-th component and the ii-th component ( And a small amount of a basic neutralizing agent) alone, a self-supported film could be realized.
- Example 2 A capsule preparation was prepared by filling a mixed powder of acetaminophen into the enteric hard capsule (size 3) according to the present disclosure of Examples 1-3, and this was used as an inner capsule.
- a capsule preparation having a double capsule structure was prepared by filling 100 mg of caffeine in a hypromellose capsule (Quali-V (registered trademark), size 0) and filling the internal capsule. After performing the dissolution test in the first liquid of pH 1.2 for 2 hours, the capsule was taken out, and subsequently the dissolution test was performed in the second liquid of pH 6.8.
- FIG. 6 shows the change over time in the dissolution rates of caffeine and acetaminophen.
- Reference example 4 In the composition shown in Table 5, in Reference Example 4-1, an opaque and opaque capsule preparation liquid in which HPMC fine particles were dispersed was prepared through the same preparation process as in Example 1, and kept at 55 ° C. did.
- Reference Example 4-2 first, only the HPMC raw material powder was put into warm water at about 80 ° C., and then cooled to room temperature to prepare a transparent aqueous solution in which the HPMC particles were almost completely dissolved. Then, at room temperature, a partially neutralized solution was prepared by adding sodium hydroxide to a lightly cloudy L50D-55 colloidal dispersion, and mixed with the HPMC aqueous solution. The titanium oxide dispersion was added last and kept at room temperature.
- the prepared solution of Reference Example 4-2 has no cold gelation function as it is. Using the preparation solutions of Reference Examples 4-1 and 4-2 kept at 55 ° C. and room temperature, films were produced by a casting method.
- the film is adhered to the opening of a blister pack container (made of polyvinyl chloride, about 5 mm in height, and the diameter of the opening is 10 mm in diameter), and acetaminophen mixture used for a dissolution test is mixed therein. 198.45 mg was prepared. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, the sample was sealed in a sinker, and a dissolution test was performed in a dissolution test solution (37 ° C.) having a pH of 1.2. (Hereinafter, referred to as a film dissolution test)
- the coating of Reference Example 4-1 was obtained by using undissolved HPMC particles according to the present invention as a core phase. It has a two-phase structure.
- the film of Reference Example 4-2 does not form a similar multiphase structure because HPMC is completely dissolved once. It was found that all the components were almost uniformly dissolved and dried as it was to form a film. This can also be confirmed by microscopic observation of the preparations of Reference Examples 4-1 and 4-2 which were kept at 55 ° C. and room temperature, respectively. That is, in the preparation liquid of Reference Example 4-1, undissolved HPMC particles that become core particles after drying and a solution part that becomes a binding phase after drying are observed. On the other hand, in the preparation of Reference Example 4-2, an optically uniform solution is observed.
- the HPMC molecules and the enteric polymer are uniformly mixed, and the phase structure of ⁇ m order or more disappears. It is thought that. In this case, with a functional (enteric) polymer content of about 40% by mass, a sufficient function (acid resistance) cannot be ensured. In order to ensure the functionality, it is necessary to add a functional polymer as a main component, that is, about 60% by mass or more of a functional polymer (L30D-55), in which case it becomes very brittle. It is difficult to obtain a film strength suitable as a hard capsule.
- the core particles are almost completely covered with a phase based on an enteric polymer, and less functionality (intestinal It has been found that the (soluble) copolymer can impart the desired (acid resistance) function.
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Abstract
Description
(1)耐酸性腸溶性ポリマーの代わりに、又は併用して、ジェランガムのような耐酸性を付与できるゲル化剤を使用し、ゲル化性、皮膜性能を改善しつつ、耐酸性を維持すること(特許文献7~10);
(2)水ベースの溶液の代わりに溶媒ベースの浸漬溶液を用いること(特許文献11);
(3)難水溶性の耐酸性腸溶性ポリマーを主成分として、従来の水溶性かつ皮膜形成能の高いゼラチンや水溶性セルロースなどのポリマーを部分的に使用すること(特許文献12,13);
(4)難水性の腸溶性ポリマーを含む水溶性誘導体を得るために、腸溶性ポリマーのほぼすべての酸基(特にカルボキシル基)を塩化(salifying)する、あるいは、非塩化ポリマーを塩基性中和剤で少なくとも部分的に中和して水に溶解すること、あるいは、非塩化のエマルジョン分散液を利用すること(特許文献12~20、26~28);及び、
(5)射出成形など、ポリマーの可溶化を必要としない代替技術を用いること(特許文献21~25、非特許文献4)
等がなされている。
このような事情から、硬質カプセルの皮膜そのものが腸溶性であることが望まれる。
上記(1)の従来技術は、硬質カプセル皮膜の成形性は改善されるものの、耐酸性は不十分である。さらに、ゲル化剤を使用してポリマーをゲル化させる場合、特にゲル化助剤としてのカチオンを必要とする冷ゲル法において、ポリマーを含む水溶液のpH、又はカチオンと腸溶性ポリマーのイオン基との相互作用により、ポリマー水溶液もしくは分散液の安定性、ゲル化剤の冷ゲル化性能が損なわれるという問題がある。
項1.(a)第1成分、及び第2成分を含む、又は(b)第1成分、及び第2成分を含み、さらに第3成分、及び第4成分からなる成分の少なくとも一種を含む皮膜からなる腸溶性硬質カプセルであって、第1成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、第2成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーであり、第3成分は、水不溶性(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルコポリマー及び/又はエチルセルロースであり、及び、第4成分は、薬学的及び食品添加物として許容される可塑剤、及び界面活性剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種、であって、前記皮膜に含まれる第1成分、第2成分、第3成分、及び第4成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第1成分の割合が、30~70質量%、第2成分の割合が、30~60質量%、第1成分と第2成分の割合の合計が70質量%以上である、腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項2.前期第1成分の粘度値が10mPa・s以上である項1に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項3.前記第1成分が、置換度タイプ2910又は置換度タイプ2906のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである、項1又は2のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項4.前記第2成分の腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーが、メタクリル酸40~60質量%とアクリル酸エチル60~40質量%とからなるコポリマーであることを特徴とする、項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項5.前記皮膜の含有水分量が2~10質量%であることを特徴とする、項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項6.前記皮膜に含まれる第1成分、第2成分、第3成分、及び第4成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第3成分の質量の割合が、0~30質量%である、項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項7.前記皮膜に含まれる第1成分、第2成分、第3成分、及び第4成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第4成分の割合が、0~12質量%である、項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項8.前記第2成分に含まれるカルボキシル基の少なくとも一部がその薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される塩を形成している、項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項9.前記皮膜に含まれる前記第2成分における塩を形成したカルボキシル基と塩を形成していないカルボキシル基のモル数の合計を100モル%とした場合、塩を形成したカルボキシル基の含有量が2~20モル%である、項8に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項10.前記塩がナトリウム塩である、項8又は9のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項11.前記皮膜の厚みが50~250μmである、項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項12.前記皮膜の25℃、相対湿度63%調湿後における弾性率が1GPa~5GPaである、項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項13.前記皮膜の25℃、相対湿度22%調湿後における破断伸び率が2%~30%である、項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項14.前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの皮膜が海島構造を含み、島相が実質的に第1成分からなり、海相が第1成分と第2成分の混合相であることを特徴とする、項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項15.前記海相には、さらに、第3、第4成分を含むことを特徴とする、項14に記載の腸溶性カプセル。
項16.前記島相の短径が0.1μm以上、かつ30μm未満である、項14又は15に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項17.pH1.2を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が、10%以下である、項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項18.pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、45分後の前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が、75%以上である、項17に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項19.pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が75%以上に達するまでの時間が60分以上である、項17に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項20.pH4.0を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が、30%以下である、項18又は19に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項21.第i成分、第ii成分、薬学的又は食品添加物として許容される塩基性中和剤、及び溶媒含む腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液であって、第i成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上の範囲であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、
第ii成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマー、である、腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項22.
前記第i成分の粘度値が、10mPa・s以上である項21に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項23.
前記第i成分が、固体粒子として分散されている、項21又は22のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項24.前記第i成分が、置換度タイプが2910又は2906のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである項20~22に記載の腸溶性カプセル調製液。
項25.前記、第ii成分の一部が前記塩基性中和剤によって部分中和されている、項21~24に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項26.前記部分中和の中和度が第ii成分の完全中和に必要な当量に対して、2~20%である、項25に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項27.前記部分中和の中和度が第ii成分の完全中和に必要な当量に対して、5~15%である、項26に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項28.前記第ii成分が、コロイド粒子として分散されている、項21~27のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項29.前記腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーが、メタクリル酸40~60質量%とアクリル酸エチル60~40質量%とからなるコポリマーであることを特徴とする、項21~28のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項30.第iii成分として水不溶性(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルコポリマー及び/又はエチルセルロースを含む、項21~29のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項31.前記第iii成分が、コロイド粒子として分散されている、項30に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項32.第iv成分として薬学的又は食品添加物として許容される可塑剤、及び界面活性剤、よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種をさらに含む、項21~31のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項33.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第i成分の割合が30~70質量%である、項32に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項34.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分及び、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第ii成分の割合が30~60質量%である、項32又は33に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項35.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の合計を100質量%とした場合の、第iii成分の質量の割合が、0~30質量%である、項32~34のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項36.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第iv成分の割合が、0~12質量%である項32~35のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項37.前記塩基性中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、及び水酸化マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、項21~36のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項38.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を100質量%としたときに、前記第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の合計量が12~30質量%である、項32~37のいずれか一項に記載の調製液。
項39.粘度が、100~10,000mPa・sである、項21~38のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
項40.溶媒中に薬学的又は食品添加物として許容される塩基性中和剤が存在する条件下で、第i成分と第ii成分とを混合する工程を含む、腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法であって、第i成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、第ii成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーである、
調製方法。
項41.前記第i成分の粘度値が10mPa・s以上である項40に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項42.前記第i成分が、置換度タイプ2910又は置換度タイプ2906のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである項40又は41のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項43.前記腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーが、メタクリル酸40~60質量%とアクリル酸エチル60~40質量%とからなるコポリマーであることを特徴とする、項40~42のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項44.前記塩基性中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、及び水酸化マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、項40~43のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項45.工程A:第ii成分の部分中和液を準備する工程、及び工程B:第i成分の部分溶解液を準備する工程、を含む、項40~44項のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項46.前記工程Aが、前記第ii成分を、薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される塩基性中和剤により、少なくとも部分的に中和して溶媒に溶解させる部分中和液を調製する工程であり、部分中和液中の第ii成分の中和度が前記第ii成分の完全中和に必要な中和当量に対して2~20%である、項45に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項47.前記中和度が、5~15%である項46に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項48.前記工程Aが、第ii成分のコロイド粒子の分散液に対して、塩基性中和剤を添加して部分中和液を得る工程である、項45~47のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項49.前記工程Aが、第ii成分の固形粉末を溶媒中に分散させた後、塩基性中和剤を添加して部分中和液を得る工程である、項45~47のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項50.前記工程Bが、前記第ii成分を含む部分中和液に、前記第i成分を部分溶解させた部分溶解液を調製する工程であり、前記部分溶解液を調製する工程が、第i成分を、第i成分の曇点T0以上の第1の温度T1で、第ii成分を含む部分中和液に添加し、前記曇点よりも低い第2の温度T2で第i成分を部分溶解させた分散液を調製する工程である、項45~49のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項51.前記混合する工程で得られた溶液を、前記第i成分の曇点よりも低い第3の温度T3に保持する工程をさらに含む、項50に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項52.前記温度T3がT2と同じか、それより高い温度である、項51に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項53.前記第3の温度の範囲T3が、30℃~65℃である、項52に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項54.前記第1の温度T1の範囲が、60℃~90℃である、項50~53のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項55.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の粘度が、100~10,000mPa・sである、項40~54のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
項56.下記工程を含む、腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法:
項21~39のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液、又は項40~55のいずれか一項に記載の調製方法により得られた腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の中に、前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の温度よりも低い表面温度を有するモールドピンを浸漬する第1工程;及び前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液からモールドピンを引き上げて、モールドピンに付着した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を乾燥させる第2工程。
項57.前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の温度が、30~65℃である、項56に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法。
項58.前記調製液に浸漬する前のモールドピンの表面温度が、5~30℃である、項56又は57に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法。
項59.モールドピンに付着した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を乾燥する温度が、40℃未満である、項56~58のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法。
項60.項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに対し、部分中和された腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマー及びクエン酸トリエチルを水/エタノール又は水/イソプロパノール混合溶媒に希釈させた溶液を主成分とするシール液によってシールされたことを特徴とする腸溶性硬質カプセル製剤。
項61.項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに対し、中和されないヒドロキシプロピルメチルアセテートサクシネートを水/エタノール又は水/イソプロパノール混合溶媒に希釈させた溶液を主成分とするシール液によってシールされたことを特徴とする腸溶性硬質カプセル製剤。
項62.項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH1.2を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の活性薬物の溶出率が、10%以下であることを特徴とする硬質カプセル製剤。
項63.項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、45分後の活性薬物の溶出率が、75%以上である、項62に記載の硬質カプセル製剤。
項64.項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、活性薬物の溶出率が75%以上に達するまでの時間が60分以上である、項62に記載の硬質カプセル製剤。
項65.項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH4.0を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の活性薬物の溶出率が、30%以下である、項63又は64に記載の硬質カプセル製剤。
項66.酸性条件で溶解可能な硬質カプセルの内部に項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルを内包することを特徴とする2重硬質カプセル製剤。
項67.活性薬物を含まない薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される水溶性ポリマー微粒子からなるコア粒子相と、該コア粒子の表面を被覆し、及び/又は、該コア粒子間を結合する結合相からなる、2相構造を有する硬質カプセル皮膜であって、前記結合相には、前記コア粒子相の溶解特性を制御しうる前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーを主として含有する、硬質カプセル。
項68.前記水溶性ポリマーは、その乾燥原料粉体の平均粒径が1~100μmである、下限臨界共溶温度を有する水溶性セルロース化合物である、項67に記載の硬質カプセル。
項69.前記水溶性ポリマーは、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである、項68に記載の硬質カプセル。
項70.前記機能性ポリマーが水溶性又はコロイド粒子の水性分散液を形成する腸溶性コーティング基剤及び/又は徐放性コーティング基剤である、項67に記載の硬質カプセル。
項71.前記機能性ポリマーは、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーのコロイド分散液である、項70に記載の硬質カプセル。
項72.第I成分及び第II成分を含む皮膜からなる腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセルであって、第I成分は、乾燥原料粉体の平均粒径が1~100μmであり、かつ下限臨界共溶温度を有する水溶性セルロースポリマーであり、第II成分は、水溶性又はコロイド粒子の水性分散液を形成する、腸溶性コーティング基剤及び/又は徐放性コーティング基剤であり、前記腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセルは、少なくとも、未溶解の第I成分の微粒子及び第II成分を含む水性分散液を、第I成分の下限臨界共溶温度近くの温度に維持した腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセル調製液に、該調製液の温度よりも低い表面温度を有するモールドピンを浸漬する第1工程、及び該調製液からモールドピンを引き上げてモールドピンに付着した調製液を乾燥させる第2工程、を含む工程を経て形成される、腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセル。
項73.第I成分及び第II成分を含む皮膜からなる腸溶性硬質カプセルであって、第I成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、第II成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーであり、前記腸溶性硬質カプセルは、少なくとも、未溶解の第I成分の微粒子及び第II成分を含み、さらに、第II成分を部分的に中和しうる濃度の塩基性中和剤を含む水性分散液からなり、30~65℃に維持した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に、該調製液の温度よりも低い表面温度を有するモールドピンを浸漬する第1工程、及び該調製液からモールドピンを引き上げてモールドピンに付着した調製液を乾燥させる第2工程、を含む工程を経て形成される、腸溶性硬質カプセル。
項74.水性溶媒中に、活性薬物を含まない薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される水溶性ポリマー微粒子が分散し、さらに、前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーが溶解するか、及び/又は前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーのコロイド粒子が分散した、硬質カプセル調製液。
はじめに、本明細書、及び特許請求の範囲等で使用される用語及び材料について説明する。本発明に関する用語及び材料は、特に記載がない限り、本項の説明にしたがう。
すなわち、「腸溶性」とは、少なくとも下記(i)の条件を満たす特性をいう。
溶出試験に使用する内容物は、それ自身が試験溶液中で速やかに溶解される内容物であって、公知の方法によって定量できるものである限り制限されない。例えば、アセトアミノフェンを挙げることができる。
<分子量>
非置換構造単位:162.14
置換構造単位:約180(置換度1.19)、約210(置換度2.37)
重合体:約13,000(n=約70)~約200,000(n=約1000)。
コポリマーを形成するモノマーの総数(総単位数、もしくは、総基数)を100とした場合に、メタクリル酸モノマー単位を少なくとも5%、好ましくは5~70%、特に8~60%含有、より好ましくは、30~60%含有することが好ましい。なお、各モノマー単位の分子量を用いて、容易に、各モノマー単位の比率を質量%に換算できる。
本発明の第1の態様は、腸溶性硬質カプセルに関する。
デシケーターに、炭酸カリウム飽和塩を入れて恒湿状態とした雰囲気中に試料(硬質カプセル、又はフィルム)を入れ密閉し、25℃で1週間調湿する。なお、調湿には、以下の飽和塩(水溶液)を用いる。すなわち、酢酸カリウム飽和塩、炭酸カリウム飽和塩、硝酸アンモニウム飽和塩の存在下では、それぞれ、相対湿度約22%、43%、63%の雰囲気を作成することができる。調湿後の試料の質量(湿質量)を測定した後、次いで当該試料を105℃で2時間加熱乾燥し、再度試料の質量(乾燥質量)を測定する。乾燥前の質量(湿質量)と乾燥後の質量(乾燥質量)の差から、下式に従って、105℃で2時間加熱乾燥することによって減少する水分量の割合(含水率)を算出し、これを含有水分量(質量%)とする。
本発明の第2の態様は、上記2.に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルを調製するための調製液(単に「調製液」ともいう)に関する。本発明硬質腸溶性カプセルは、本態様調製液を乾燥して溶媒を除去して得られる皮膜からなる。
[(KOH当量)×(塩基性中和剤の分子量/価数)]/(KOH分子量)
で換算して得られる。
[数3]
中和度(%)=(加えた塩基性中和剤の質量)/{(中和当量、質量)×腸溶性ポリマーの質量}×100
。
特に、第i成分と第ii成分のポリマー成分(固形分)濃度は、7~20質量%であることが望ましい。また、塩基性中和剤のカプセル調製液に対する濃度としては、0.02~0.7質量%であることが好ましく、0.05~0.5質量%であることがより好ましい。
工程A:第ii成分の部分中和液を準備する工程、及び、
工程B:第ii成分の部分中和液に第i成分を加え第i成分の部分溶解液を準備する工程、を含む皮膜成分及び溶媒を含む腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法に関する。
本発明の第4の態様は、腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法に関する。本発明によれば、他の硬質カプセルを調製するカプセル調製機を使用して、腸溶性硬質カプセルを調製することができる。本発明、硬質カプセルは、浸漬法、中でも「コールドピン浸漬法」によって形成されることを特徴とする。「コールドピン浸漬法」は、浸漬時の成形ピンの表面温度が、カプセル調製液の温度よりも低いことを特徴とする。
(1)腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に、モールドピンを浸漬する工程(浸漬工程)、
(2)腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液調製液(浸漬液)からモールドピンを引き上げて、モールドピンの外表面に付着した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を乾燥する工程(乾燥工程)、
(3)乾燥したカプセルフィルム(皮膜)をカプセル成形用ピンから脱離する工程(脱離工程)。
本発明腸溶性硬質カプセルを用いれば、に活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH1.2を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の活性薬物の溶出率が、10%以下であることを特徴とする硬質カプセル製剤が実現できる。
(態様5-1)
腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、45分後の活性薬物の溶出率が、75%以上である、硬質カプセル製剤に関する。
特に、小腸上部に活性薬物を送達することで、小腸内での吸収効率を向上できる。
腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、活性薬物の溶出率が75%以上に達するまでの時間が60分以上である、硬質カプセル製剤に関する。
本開示に係る腸溶性硬質カプセルを用いた新規な応用例として、酸性条件で溶解可能な硬質カプセルの内部に本開示に係る腸溶性硬質カプセルを内包することを特徴とする硬質カプセル製剤が挙げられる。酸性条件で溶解可能な硬質カプセルとしては、ゼラチンカプセル及びヒプロメロースカプセル、あるいは、プルランカプセルが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。特に、ヒプロメロース硬質カプセルでは、水溶性セルロースの表示粘度(粘度グレード)値として、3~15mPa・sのものが用いられている(特開平08-208458号公報、2001-506692号公報、特開2010-270039号公報、特開2011-500871号公報)。これらにおいては、皮膜中のほぼ100%(ゲル化剤、ゲル化助剤、遮光剤、着色料等、0~5質量%程度及び、0~10質量%程度の残留水分を含む場合がある)が水溶性セルロース、特にHPMCである。本開示に係る腸溶性硬質カプセルに予め有効成分Bを充填しておき、酸性条件で溶解可能な硬質カプセルの内部に、薬効成分A及び該充填済腸溶性硬質カプセルを、充填する。このような二重カプセル製剤は、胃において有効成分Aを放出させ、腸に達してから薬効成分Bを放出させるような、複数部位に選択的かつ異なる薬効成分の送達を可能にする。有効成分A及び有効成分Bは、上記5.に記載の活性薬物を挙げることができる。
本明細書に開示される、硬質カプセルの皮膜に特徴的な海島構造、及び前記皮膜構造を有する硬質カプセルの調製方法(製造プロセス)は、腸溶性硬質カプセルに限定されるものではなく、以下のような新規な機能性硬質カプセル及びその調製方法をも包含しうるものである。
活性薬物を含まない水溶性ポリマー微粒子からなるコア粒子相と、該コア粒子の表面を被覆し、及び/又は、該コア粒子間を結合する結合相からなる、2相構造を有する硬質カプセル皮膜であって、前記結合相には、前記コア粒子相の溶解特性を制御しうる、前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーを主として含有する、硬質カプセルを含む。硬質カプセルに必要な機械的強度のうち、特に弾性率は、コア粒子相となる水溶性ポリマーによって達成さる。このためには、皮膜の全成分のうち、コア粒子相成分が、30質量%以上であることが好ましく、40質量%以上であることがより好ましい。他方、上限は70質量%以下であることが好ましい。あるいは、硬質カプセル皮膜断面におけるコア粒子相の合計の断面積は、30%以上であることが好ましく、40%以上あることがより好ましい。コア粒子相は、2種以上の水溶性ポリマーからなっていても良い。その上限は70%以下であることが好ましい。他方、機能性ポリマーの質量のカプセル皮膜全体の質量に対する割合は、30~60質量%であることが好ましい。さらには、コア粒子相成分と機能性ポリマー成分の合計が、皮膜質量全体の70質量%以上であることが好ましい。
実施例、参考例、比較例に用いる材料は下記のとおりである。
1.水溶性セルロース化合物
メチルセルロース(MC)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)は信越化学工業(株)のMETOLOSE(登録商標)シリーズもしくはTC-5(登録商標)シリーズ、SHシリーズを使用し、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)は日本曹達(株)のNISSO HPCシリーズを使用した。具体的な製品名と置換度タイプ、「粘度値」、(表示粘度もしくは粘度グレード)は表2の通りである。
Evonik Industries AG社、EUDRAGIT(登録商標)シリーズのL30D-55及びFS30Dを使用した。いずれも固形分含有量30質量%の水分散液である。L30D-55の水酸化ナトリウムに対する中和の当量は、214.8mg/g、FS30Dの水酸化ナトリウムに対する中和の当量は、40.4mg/gである。
(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルコポリマーは、Evonik Industries AG社、Eudragit(登録商標)シリーズのNE30Dを使用した。固形分含有量30質量%の水分散液として供される。また、エチルセルロースは、FMC社、アクアコート(Aquacoa(登録商標))ECD-30を使用した。固形分含有量30質量%の水性分散液として供される。
ステアリン酸ポリオキシル40(日光ケミカル)は、常温で固体、Tween80(一般名ポリソルベート80、関東化学もしくは日光ケミカル)は、常温で液体、HCO60(一般名ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油60、日光ケミカル)は、常温で固体、SEFSOL218(一般名モノカプリル酸プロピレングリコール,日光ケミカル)は常温で液体、ジオクチルソジウムスルホサクシネート(岸田化学)は常温で固体、の界面活性剤(乳化剤)である。なお、これらの界面活性剤は、同時に、安定(化)剤,可塑剤,滑沢剤,可溶(化)剤,基剤,結合剤等の複合的な用途も有する。PG(プロピレングリコール、和光純薬)は、常温で液体の可塑剤である。
水酸化ナトリウム、リン酸水素2ナトリウム、亜硫酸2ナトリウム、及びクエン酸3ナトリウムは和光純薬工業株式会社から購入した。酸化チタン(タイペークA-100)は石原産業株式会社から購入した。
1.カプセルの溶出試験
本発明においては、原則、第17改正日本薬局方における溶出試験を適用した。ただし、日本薬局方は、空の硬質カプセル自体の溶解性を規定しているわけではないので、本発明では、速溶性のアセトアミノフェンの溶出を評価することによって、カプセル自体の溶解性(溶出特性)を評価した。1カプセルあたり、アセトアミノフェン40mg、乳糖140mg、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム20mgを充填し、得られた腸溶性硬カプセル剤を日本薬局方に定められた溶出試験法(第17局方、6.10-1.2パドル法(パドル回転数50回転/分)、及び、同図6.10-2aに対応するシンカー使用)に従い試験し、アセトアミノフェンの溶出率の時間変化を測定した。溶出試験にはDistek社製バス型溶出試験器Model 2100を用いた。同容量のアセトアミノフェンを別途、全量、溶出試験器バス内の溶液に溶解させたときの244nmにおける吸光度を100 %とし、カプセルからのアセトアミノフェンの溶出に伴って上昇する溶出試験器バス内の溶液の244 nmにおける吸光度から溶出率を求めた。n数に関しては、n=1~6とし、n=2以上の場合、溶出率はその平均値を使った。なお、ここで緩衝液として以下の第1液、第2液、及び緩衝液3として、下記の水溶液を使用した。いずれもバス内の溶液の温度は37℃とした。
・第2液:リン酸二水素カリウム3.40g及び無水リン酸水素二ナトリウム3.55gを水に溶かし、1000 mLとしたリン酸塩緩衝液1容量に水1容量を加えて調製した(pHは、約6.8、以下中性溶液と称することがある)。
・緩衝液3:クエン酸水和物3.378g及び無水リン酸水素二ナトリウム2.535 gを水に溶かし、1000mLとして調製した。
カプセル調製液の動的粘弾性はAntonPaar社製、レオメーター(MCR102)を用いて測定した。測定には二重円筒管測定治具(型番CC27/T200/SS)と温度制御システムC-PTD200を使用した。液量は約19mLとした。また、測定中の水分蒸発を防ぐため、円筒管中のサンプル液の最表面に1mL程度の綿実油を垂らした。温度依存性は、60℃から20℃まで、1℃/分で低下させ、同時にひずみの振り角を1から0.1%まで線形に低下させながら測定した。角周波数ω(rad/sec)は、2π/秒である。動的粘弾性として、貯蔵弾性率G’(Pa)、損失弾性率G’’(Pa)、複素粘度|η*|=|G*|/ω=√(G’2+G’’2)/ω(Pa・s)、及び、粘度η’’=G’’/ω(Pa・s)の値を測定した。
カプセル調製液(55℃)の粘度は、ブルックフィールド粘度計(TVB-10M(東機産業))を使用して測定した。測定にはM3ロータ(測定範囲0~10,000 mPa・s)を使用した。ロータ回転数は、12 r.p.m.、1Lビーカーでカプセル調製液を調製(液量は600 ml)したのち、該ビーカーにロータを入れて測定時間50秒で測定した。
皮膜構造の観察には、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)、及び顕微ラマンを使用した。
(1)SEM
走査型電子顕微鏡は、Carl Zeiss社製Ultra55を使用した。
カプセル被膜の断面を観察するため、調製したカプセル皮膜を輪切りにした小片に切り出し、エポキシ樹脂に包埋後、ミクロトームで薄切し観察用の切片(およそ300~400μm四方で2~3μm厚み)を作製した。切片にPtPdで蒸着処理した。電子線は、加速電圧3kVで照射し、切片をスキャンした。
顕微鏡ラマン装置にはThermo Fisher Scientific製Nicolet Almega XRを使用した。励起波長は、532nm、分解能は、約10/cm(10カイザー)、照射径は、1μmφ(100倍対物レンズ、25μmピンホール:平面方向 1μmφ × 深さ方向(=切片厚み) 2μmの円柱状内部の情報が得られる。)、励起出力は、100%(10mW以下@試料位置)、露光時間×積算回数は10sec×2回とした。
調製液の観察は、ステージの温度調節機能を有する光学顕微鏡(オリンパス社製BX53)を使用して行った。接眼レンズは10倍、対物レンズは10倍のものを使用し、
透過観察した。55℃の調製液をやはり55℃のステージ上で予熱したスライドガラス上に滴下し、さらにその上をやはり55℃に予熱したカバーガラスで覆った。
カプセル皮膜中の塩(ナトリウム)は以下の手順で乾式灰化処理後、原子吸光光度法(AAS)で定量した。試料を白金坩堝に精秤し、濃硫酸を添加後650℃の電気炉で有機物がなくなるまで加熱した。残った灰分を希塩酸に溶解し、適宜希釈して原子吸光度計(VARIAN社製SpectrAA-220)で定量した。
<乾燥減量法によるカプセル皮膜中の含水率の測定方法>
デシケーターに、炭酸カリウム飽和塩を入れて恒湿状態とした雰囲気中に試料(硬質カプセル、又はフィルム)を入れ密閉し、25℃で1週間調湿した。なお、炭酸カリウム飽和水溶液の存在下では、相対湿度約43%の雰囲気を作成することができる。調湿後の試料の質量(湿質量)を測定した後、次いで当該試料を105℃で2時間加熱乾燥し、再度試料の質量(乾燥質量)を測定した。乾燥前の質量(湿質量)と乾燥後の質量(乾燥質量)の差から、下式に従って、105℃で2時間加熱乾燥することによって減少する水分量の割合(含水率)を算出した。
硬質カプセルの皮膜の機械強度を評価する場合、被験皮膜の厚みをそろえて比較することが重要である。このため、硬質カプセルの各成分組成に依存する皮膜の機械強度は、ディッピング法によって成形された硬質カプセルのかわりに、硬質カプセル調製液の各成分組成と同一成分組成である調製液を用いて、キャスト法によりフィルムを作製し、当該キャストフィルムを用いて評価した。当該フィルムは、厚みの均一性、評価の再現性に優れており、かつカプセル皮膜としての機械強度をよく反映するものである。
100μmの均一な膜厚のフィルムを得るため、ギャップが0.4mm~1.5mmのアプリケーターを適宜使い分けた。
以下手順に従って、カプセル調製液を調製した。操作はすべて溶液を撹枠しながら行った。以下においては、第i~iv成分の固形分(第iv成分の場合、液体状高分子であっても固形分と称することがある)をポリマー成分と称する。また、全溶液質量は、溶媒である精製水に加え、ポリマー成分、塩基性中和剤、その他の固形分(可塑剤、遮光剤など)合計質量となる。ポリマー成分濃度とは、前記ポリマー成分合計質量の全溶液質量に対する比率(質量%)をいう。
a.後に加える第ii成分のメタクリル酸コポリマーの水分散液(固形分濃度30質量%)、第iii成分の(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルコポリマー分散液(固形分濃度30質量%)及び遮光剤である酸化チタンの分散液(濃度22質量%)の水分量を考慮し、ポリマー固形分濃度が、所定濃度(20%程度)となるような量の室温の精製水を用意した。
b.室温にて、メタクリル酸コポリマー分散液を所定量上記精製水に投入し、その後塩基性中和剤として水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)及び他の塩類を投入し、部分中和液を調製した。NaOHは、特に断らない限り、以下の例においては、メタクリル酸コポリマーのカルボキシル基の約8%を部分中和するのに相当する分量を用いた。すなわち、メタクリル酸コポリマーの固形分1gに対し、MaOHの中和当量214.2mg/gの約8%の量を加えた。他の塩類は、この工程において、さらに追加で加えている。部分中和後の調製液のpHは、概ね5~6の範囲にある。第iii成分及び第iv成分は、この段階で投入した。
c.この部分中和溶液を83℃にまで昇温させたのち、酸化チタン分散液を投入しスリーワンモターで十分撹拌した後、水溶性セルロース化合物を投入し、だま、ができないように均一に分散させ懸濁液を調製し、脱泡した。その後、投入し溶解させた。
d.前記溶液の温度を下げ、水溶性ポリマーの溶解温度(曇点、T0)以下の温度T2まで降温し、水溶性セルロース化合物を部分溶解させた分散液を調製した。T2は、50~55℃とした。
e.d.で調製された分散液を調製液温度T3(55℃)で保持した。なお、第iii成分の分散液、第iv成分は、この段階で加えることもできる。結果、ブルックフィールド粘度計での粘度が、ほぼ1,000~3,000mPa・sの範囲となった。なお、最終的な全ポリマー成分濃度は、粘度がこの範囲になるよう、温純水の追加、蒸発による微調整を行った。また、上記すべての工程で、プロペラ翼を用いて、100~1,000rpmで撹拌を行った。
上記III.で調製されたカプセル調製液を用いて、コールドピン浸漬法により硬質カプセルを調製した。保持温度T3=55℃で、ほぼ一定温度に保ったカプセル調製液中に、室温(25℃程度)に放置したモールドピン(サイズ2号)を数秒間浸漬させたのち、大気中に引き上げた。カプセル調製液が付着した成形ピンを上下反転させ、室内雰囲気温度で10時間以上乾燥させた。
V-1.調製例V-1
以下の実施例、比較例においては、調製例III-1(調製方法の態様3-1)に従ってカプセル調製液を調製し、成形方法IVによって成形を行った。第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分及び第iv成分の固形分質量合計(ポリマー成分質量合計)を100質量%としたときのそれぞれの質量%を、α、β、γ、δとした。塩基性中和剤(NaOH)及び他の塩類、酸化チタン(遮光剤)の、上記ポリマー成分質量合計に対する質量比をそれぞれ、ε(%)、σ(%)とした。また、溶媒である精製水と第i~iv成分の固形分の合計質量における、第i~iv成分のポリマー成分の質量比をポリマー成分濃度(%)とした。表3にそれぞれの具体的な組成を示した。また、これらの表中において中和度(対第2成分)とは、調製方法の工程Aにおける、第ii成分の固形分に対する中和度である。
表3に、pH1.2(第1液)、4(緩衝液3)、及び6.8(第2液)におけるカプセルの溶出率、カプセル皮膜と同一組成のキャストフィルムの弾性率、伸び率、水分含有量を示した。また、HPMCAS-MFを20質量%、残部をエタノールとするバンドシール液、もしくは、L100-55を19.1質量%、NaOHを0.169質量%、クエン酸トリエチルを1.74質量%含み、(無水)エタノールの比率を40質量%とする水/エタノール混合溶媒とするバンドシール液の2種類のバンドシール液を作成し、実施例1のいくつかのカプセルのキャップとボディの結合部分を覆うように、幅約5mmのバンド状に塗布し、室温で乾燥しバンドシールとした。溶出試験中剥離等を生じることはなかった。また、pH1.2での2時間後の溶出率を若干抑制できた。むしろ、個々のカプセルのキャップとボディの間のばらつきによる、内容薬物の漏れ出しを抑制し、全体として平均溶出率のばらつきを抑制する効果があると考えられた。この効果は、溶出試験の時間経過とともに、カプセル皮膜が少し膨潤して、前記ギャップを閉じる効果と合わせて、カプセルの密封性を良好に保つのに寄与すると考えられた。
第i成分、及び第ii成分、及び適量の塩基性中和剤がすべてそろっていることが、本発明のコールドピン浸漬法の調製液及び硬質カプセルに必要なことを確認するため、参考例1-1~1-5は、実施例1-3において、また、参考例2-1~2-5は、実施例1-5において、酸化チタンを加えない組成を基本とし、調製方法の態様3-1において、いずれかの成分を抜き、その分の質量を単純に精製水でおきかえた各種溶液を作成し、カプセル調製液としての適性を確認した。
第ii成分をFS30Dとした場合にも、同様の現象により、2%未満の中和度では、第i成分と混合した際に直ちに凝集が起きた。
実施例1-3の本開示に係る腸溶性硬質カプセル(サイズ3号)に、アセトアミノフェン混合末を充填したカプセル製剤を用意しこれを内部カプセルとした。ヒプロメロースカプセル(Quali-V(登録商標)、サイズ0号)にカフェイン100mgと、前記内部カプセルを充填した2重カプセル構造を有するカプセル製剤を用意した。pH 1.2の第1液中で2時間溶出試験を行った後、当該カプセルを取り出し、引き続き、pH 6.8の第2液中で溶出試験を行った。カフェイン及びアセトアミノフェンの溶出率の時間変化を図6に示す。第1液中ではpH依存性のないヒプロメロースカプセルのみが速やかに溶解し、中身のカフェインのみが短時間でほぼ100%溶出したが、内側の本開示に係る腸溶性硬質カプセルは溶解せず、アセトアミノフェンの溶出は10%未満であった。第2液中に移行してから、速やかに溶解が始まり、アセトミノフェンが約30分で100%溶出していることが示された。
表5に示すような組成において、参考例4-1では、実施例1と同様の調製工程を経て、HPMC微粒子が分散された、白濁して不透明なカプセル調製液を作成し、55℃で保温した。他方、参考例4-2は、まず、HPMC原料粉末のみを約80℃の温水に投入後、室温まで下げて、HPMC粒子をほぼ完全に溶解させ透明になった水溶液を調製した。ついで、室温で、薄く白濁したL50D-55コロイド分散液に水酸化ナトリウムを加えた部分中和液を作成し、前記HPMC水溶液と混合した。酸化チタン分散液は最後に加え、室温で保温した。参考例4-2の調製液は、このままでは冷ゲル化機能を有しない。それぞれ、55℃、及び、室温で保持した参考例4-1、4-2の調製液を用い、キャスト法によるフィルムを作製した。
Claims (74)
- (a)第1成分、及び第2成分を含む、又は
(b)第1成分、及び第2成分を含み、さらに第3成分、及び第4成分からなる成分の少なくとも一種を含む皮膜からなる腸溶性硬質カプセルであって、
第1成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、
第2成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーであり、
第3成分は、水不溶性(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルコポリマー及び/又はエチルセルロースであり、及び、
第4成分は、薬学的及び食品添加物として許容される可塑剤、及び界面活性剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種、であって、
前記皮膜に含まれる第1成分、第2成分、第3成分、及び第4成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第1成分の割合が、30~70質量%、第2成分の割合が、30~60質量%、第1成分と第2成分の割合の合計が70質量%以上である、腸溶性硬質カプセル。 - 前期第1成分の粘度値が10mPa・s以上である請求項1に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記第1成分が、置換度タイプ2910又は置換度タイプ2906のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである、請求項1又は2のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記第2成分の腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーが、メタクリル酸40~60質量%とアクリル酸エチル60~40質量%とからなるコポリマーであることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜の含有水分量が2~10質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜に含まれる第1成分、第2成分、第3成分、及び第4成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第3成分の質量の割合が、0~30質量%である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜に含まれる第1成分、第2成分、第3成分、及び第4成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第4成分の割合が、0~12質量%である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記第2成分に含まれるカルボキシル基の少なくとも一部がその薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される塩を形成している、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜に含まれる前記第2成分における塩を形成したカルボキシル基と塩を形成していないカルボキシル基のモル数の合計を100モル%とした場合、塩を形成したカルボキシル基の含有量が2~20モル%である、請求項8に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記塩がナトリウム塩である、請求項8又は9のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜の厚みが50~250μmである、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜の25℃、相対湿度63%調湿後における弾性率が1GPa~5GPaである、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記皮膜の25℃、相対湿度22%調湿後における破断伸び率が2%~30%である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの皮膜が海島構造を含み、島相が実質的に第1成分からなり、海相が第1成分と第2成分の混合相であることを特徴とする、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 前記海相には、さらに、第3、第4成分を含むことを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の腸溶性カプセル。
- 前記島相の短径が0.1μm以上、かつ30μm未満である、請求項14又は15に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- pH1.2を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が、10%以下である、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、45分後の前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が、75%以上である、請求項17に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が75%以上に達するまでの時間が60分以上である、請求項17に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- pH4.0を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の前記腸溶性硬質カプセルの溶出率が、30%以下である、請求項18又は19に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル。
- 第i成分、第ii成分、薬学的又は食品添加物として許容される塩基性中和剤、及び溶媒含む腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液であって、
第i成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上の範囲であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、
第ii成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマー、
である、
腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。 - 前記第i成分の粘度値が、10mPa・s以上である請求項21に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記第i成分が、固体粒子として分散されている、請求項21又は22のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記第i成分が、置換度タイプが2910又は2906のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである請求項20~22に記載の腸溶性カプセル調製液。
- 前記、第ii成分の一部が前記塩基性中和剤によって部分中和されている、請求項21~24に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記部分中和の中和度が第ii成分の完全中和に必要な当量に対して、2~20%である、請求項25に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記部分中和の中和度が第ii成分の完全中和に必要な当量に対して、5~15%である、請求項26に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記第ii成分が、コロイド粒子として分散されている、請求項21~27のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーが、メタクリル酸40~60質量%とアクリル酸エチル60~40質量%とからなるコポリマーであることを特徴とする、請求項21~28のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 第iii成分として水不溶性(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルコポリマー及び/又はエチルセルロースを含む、請求項21~29のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記第iii成分が、コロイド粒子として分散されている、請求項30に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 第iv成分として薬学的又は食品添加物として許容される可塑剤、及び界面活性剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種をさらに含む、請求項21~31のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第i成分の割合が30~70質量%である、請求項32に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分及び、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第ii成分の割合が30~60質量%である、請求項32又は33に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の合計を100質量%とした場合の、第iii成分の質量の割合が、0~30質量%である、請求項32~34のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に含まれる第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の質量の合計を100質量%とした場合の第iv成分の割合が、0~12質量%である請求項32~35のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記塩基性中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、及び水酸化マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、請求項21~36のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を100質量%としたときに、前記第i成分、第ii成分、第iii成分、及び第iv成分の合計量が12~30質量%である、請求項32~37のいずれか一項に記載の調製液。
- 粘度が、100~10,000mPa・sである、請求項21~38のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液。
- 溶媒中に薬学的又は食品添加物として許容される塩基性中和剤が存在する条件下で、第i成分と第ii成分とを混合する工程を含む、腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法であって、第i成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、第ii成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーである、
調製方法。 - 前記第i成分の粘度値が10mPa・s以上である請求項40に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記第i成分が、置換度タイプ2910又は置換度タイプ2906のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである請求項40又は41のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーが、メタクリル酸40~60質量%とアクリル酸エチル60~40質量%とからなるコポリマーであることを特徴とする、請求項40~42のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記塩基性中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、及び水酸化マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、請求項40~43のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 工程A:第ii成分の部分中和液を準備する工程、及び
工程B:第i成分の部分溶解液を準備する工程、
を含む、請求項40~44項のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。 - 前記工程Aが、前記第ii成分を、薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される塩基性中和剤により、少なくとも部分的に中和して溶媒に溶解させる部分中和液を調製する工程であり、部分中和液中の第ii成分の中和度が前記第ii成分の完全中和に必要な中和当量に対して2~20%である、請求項45に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記中和度が、5~15%である請求項46に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記工程Aが、第ii成分のコロイド粒子の分散液に対して、塩基性中和剤を添加して部分中和液を得る工程である、請求項45~47のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記工程Aが、第ii成分の固形粉末を溶媒中に分散させた後、塩基性中和剤を添加して部分中和液を得る工程である、請求項45~47のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記工程Bが、前記第ii成分を含む部分中和液に、前記第i成分を部分溶解させた部分溶解液を調製する工程であり、
前記部分溶解液を調製する工程が、第i成分を、第i成分の曇点T0以上の第1の温度T1で、第ii成分を含む部分中和液に添加し、前記曇点よりも低い第2の温度T2で第i成分を部分溶解させた分散液を調製する工程である、請求項45~49のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。 - 前記混合する工程で得られた溶液を、前記第i成分の曇点よりも低い第3の温度T3に保持する工程をさらに含む、請求項50に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記温度T3がT2と同じか、それより高い温度である、請求項51に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記第3の温度の範囲T3が、30℃~65℃である、請求項52に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記第1の温度T1の範囲が、60℃~90℃である、請求項50~53のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の粘度が、100~10,000mPa・sである、請求項40~54のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の調製方法。
- 下記工程を含む、腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法:
請求項21~39のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液、又は請求項40~55のいずれか一項に記載の調製方法により得られた腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の中に、前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の温度よりも低い表面温度を有するモールドピンを浸漬する第1工程;及び
前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液からモールドピンを引き上げて、モールドピンに付着した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を乾燥させる第2工程。 - 前記腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液の温度が、30~65℃である、請求項56に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法。
- 前記調製液に浸漬する前のモールドピンの表面温度が、5~30℃である、請求項56又は57に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法。
- モールドピンに付着した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液を乾燥する温度が、40℃未満である、請求項56~58のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルの調製方法。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに対し、部分中和された腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマー及びクエン酸トリエチルを水/エタノール又は水/イソプロパノール混合溶媒に希釈させた溶液を主成分とするシール液によってシールされたことを特徴とする腸溶性硬質カプセル製剤。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに対し、中和されないヒドロキシプロピルメチルアセテートサクシネートを水/エタノール又は水/イソプロパノール混合溶媒に希釈させた溶液を主成分とするシール液によってシールされたことを特徴とする腸溶性硬質カプセル製剤。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH1.2を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の活性薬物の溶出率が、10%以下であることを特徴とする硬質カプセル製剤。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、45分後の活性薬物の溶出率が、75%以上である、請求項62に記載の硬質カプセル製剤。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH6.8を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、活性薬物の溶出率が75%以上に達するまでの時間が60分以上である、請求項62に記載の硬質カプセル製剤。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルに活性薬物が充填された硬質カプセル製剤であって、pH4.0を有する溶液を用いた溶出試験において、2時間後の活性薬物の溶出率が、30%以下である、請求項63又は64に記載の硬質カプセル製剤。
- 酸性条件で溶解可能な硬質カプセルの内部に請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の腸溶性硬質カプセルを内包することを特徴とする2重硬質カプセル製剤。
- 活性薬物を含まない薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される水溶性ポリマー微粒子からなるコア粒子相と、該コア粒子の表面を被覆し、及び/又は、該コア粒子間を結合する結合相からなる、2相構造を有する硬質カプセル皮膜であって、前記結合相には、前記コア粒子相の溶解特性を制御しうる前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーを主として含有する、硬質カプセル。
- 前記水溶性ポリマーは、その乾燥原料粉体の平均粒径が1~100μmである、下限臨界共溶温度を有する水溶性セルロース化合物である、請求項67に記載の硬質カプセル。
- 前記水溶性ポリマーは、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである、請求項68に記載の硬質カプセル。
- 前記機能性ポリマーが水溶性又はコロイド粒子の水性分散液を形成する腸溶性コーティング基剤及び/又は徐放性コーティング基剤である、請求項67に記載の硬質カプセル。
- 前記機能性ポリマーは、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーのコロイド分散液である、請求項70に記載の硬質カプセル。
- 第I成分及び第II成分を含む皮膜からなる腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセルであって、
第I成分は、乾燥原料粉体の平均粒径が1~100μmであり、かつ下限臨界共溶温度を有する水溶性セルロースポリマーであり、
第II成分は、水溶性又はコロイド粒子の水性分散液を形成する、腸溶性コーティング基剤及び/又は徐放性コーティング基剤であり、
前記腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセルは、
少なくとも、未溶解の第I成分の微粒子及び第II成分を含む水性分散液を、第I成分の下限臨界共溶温度近くの温度に維持した腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセル調製液に、
該調製液の温度よりも低い表面温度を有するモールドピンを浸漬する第1工程、及び
該調製液からモールドピンを引き上げてモールドピンに付着した調製液を乾燥させる第2工程、
を含む工程を経て形成される、腸溶性又は徐放性硬質カプセル。 - 第I成分及び第II成分を含む皮膜からなる腸溶性硬質カプセルであって、
第I成分は、粘度値が6mPa・s以上であるメチルセルロース及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースであり、
第II成分は、腸溶性メタクリル酸コポリマーであり、
前記腸溶性カプセルは、
少なくとも、未溶解の第I成分の微粒子及び第II成分を含み、さらに、第II成分を部分的に中和しうる濃度の塩基性中和剤を含む水性分散液からなり、30~65℃に維持した腸溶性硬質カプセル調製液に、
該調製液の温度よりも低い表面温度を有するモールドピンを浸漬する第1工程、及び
該調製液からモールドピンを引き上げてモールドピンに付着した調製液を乾燥させる第2工程、
を含む工程を経て形成される、腸溶性硬質カプセル。 - 水性溶媒中に、活性薬物を含まない薬学的に又は食品添加物として許容される水溶性ポリマー微粒子が分散し、さらに、前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーが溶解するか、及び/又は前記水溶性ポリマーとは異なる機能性ポリマーのコロイド粒子が分散した、硬質カプセル調製液。
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WO2023100643A1 (ja) | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-08 | クオリカプス株式会社 | 硬質カプセル、硬質カプセルの調製液、及び硬質カプセルの調製方法 |
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