WO2019087454A1 - 真空ポンプおよびその制御方法 - Google Patents
真空ポンプおよびその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019087454A1 WO2019087454A1 PCT/JP2018/023490 JP2018023490W WO2019087454A1 WO 2019087454 A1 WO2019087454 A1 WO 2019087454A1 JP 2018023490 W JP2018023490 W JP 2018023490W WO 2019087454 A1 WO2019087454 A1 WO 2019087454A1
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- motor
- vacuum pump
- induced voltage
- voltage constant
- Prior art date
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C23/02—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C25/00—Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids
- F04C25/02—Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids for producing high vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/08—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by varying the rotational speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
- F04C29/0042—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for pumps
- F04C29/0085—Prime movers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/66—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor
- H02P29/662—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor the rotor having permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/68—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2220/00—Application
- F04C2220/10—Vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/40—Electric motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/80—Other components
- F04C2240/81—Sensor, e.g. electronic sensor for control or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/19—Temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
- H02P2207/055—Surface mounted magnet motors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum pump provided with a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof.
- the mechanical booster pump is a volumetric transfer type vacuum pump which transfers the gas from the intake port to the exhaust port by synchronously rotating two male pump rotors arranged in a pump chamber inside a casing in opposite directions to each other.
- the mechanical booster pump has very little mechanical loss because there is no contact between both pump rotors and between each pump rotor and the casing, compared to a vacuum pump with a large friction work such as an oil rotary vacuum pump, for example. , Has the advantage of being able to reduce the energy required for driving.
- a mechanical booster pump is typically used to construct an evacuating system together with an auxiliary pump, and to start the operation to amplify the exhaust rate after the pressure is reduced to the extent of being an auxiliary pump.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a permanent magnet synchronous type canned motor.
- a temperature detector attached to a housing of a permanent magnet motor detects a temperature inside the inverter, and a permanent magnet is detected based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector.
- a pump apparatus which estimates the temperature of (1) and corrects a control constant for controlling the motor based on the estimated temperature.
- the temperature of the permanent magnet is estimated based on the temperature of the housing portion of the motor.
- the temperature characteristic of the housing portion is different from the temperature characteristic of the permanent magnet of the rotor core, it is difficult to realize appropriate control of the number of revolutions of the motor.
- a vacuum pump includes a pump body, a first temperature sensor, a motor, and a control unit.
- the pump body has a rotary shaft and a casing made of metal.
- the first temperature sensor is attached to the casing and detects the temperature of the casing.
- the motor has a rotor core including a permanent magnet and attached to the rotating shaft, a stator core having a plurality of coils, and a can for receiving the rotor core.
- the control unit has a drive circuit and a correction circuit.
- the drive circuit supplies drive signals for rotating the motor based on a preset induced voltage constant to the plurality of coils.
- the correction circuit corrects the induced voltage constant based on the output of the first temperature sensor.
- the first temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the casing portion of the pump body configured to have the same thermal time constant as the permanent magnet of the rotor core, the permanent magnet is permanent.
- the estimation accuracy of the temperature of the magnet is enhanced. As a result, even if the thermal fluctuation occurs, the induced voltage constant can be optimized, and the pump performance can be stably maintained.
- the correction circuit typically corrects the induced voltage constant such that the induced voltage of the motor decreases as the temperature of the casing increases as the temperature of the casing is in a predetermined temperature range. Configured as. As a result, it is possible to prevent high-speed continuous operation of the vacuum pump by preventing the step-out of the motor due to the decrease of the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet accompanying the rise of the motor temperature.
- the correction circuit corrects the induced voltage constant according to a first approximate straight line having a first temperature gradient when the temperature of the casing portion is equal to or greater than a first temperature and less than a second temperature.
- the control unit may further include a second temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the drive circuit.
- the drive circuit stops the supply of the drive signal to the plurality of coils when the temperature of the drive circuit is equal to or higher than the third temperature. Since the second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the drive circuit is provided separately from the first temperature sensor, the temperature of the drive circuit can be appropriately detected.
- a control method of a vacuum pump is a control method of a vacuum pump provided with a permanent magnet synchronous type motor, and a drive signal for rotating the motor based on a preset induced voltage constant is used. Includes generating. The induced voltage constant is corrected on the basis of the output of a temperature sensor attached to a metal casing portion that constitutes a part of the pump body.
- pump performance can be stably maintained even if thermal fluctuation occurs.
- FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view seen from one side of a vacuum pump according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an overall perspective view seen from the other side of the vacuum pump
- FIG. 3 shows an internal structure of the vacuum pump
- FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view showing the internal structure of the vacuum pump.
- the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis indicate three axis directions orthogonal to each other.
- the vacuum pump 100 of the present embodiment has a pump body 10, a motor 20 and a control unit 30.
- the vacuum pump 100 is configured of a single-stage mechanical booster pump.
- the pump body 10 has a first pump rotor 11, a second pump rotor 12, and a casing 13 accommodating the first and second pump rotors 11 and 12.
- the casing 13 has a first casing portion 131, partition walls 132 and 133 disposed at both ends of the first casing portion 131 in the Y-axis direction, and a second casing portion 134 fixed to the partition wall 133.
- the first casing portion 131 and the partition walls 132 and 133 form a pump chamber P in which the first and second pump rotors 11 and 12 are accommodated.
- the first casing portion 131 and the partition walls 132 and 133 are made of, for example, an iron-based metal material such as cast iron or stainless steel, and are mutually connected via a seal ring (not shown).
- the second casing portion 134 is made of, for example, a nonferrous metal material such as an aluminum alloy.
- An intake port E1 communicating with the pump chamber P is formed on one main surface of the first casing portion 131, and an exhaust port E2 communicating with the pump chamber P is formed on the other main surface.
- An intake pipe communicating with the inside of a vacuum chamber (not shown) is connected to the intake port E1, and an exhaust pipe (not shown) or an intake port of an auxiliary pump is connected to the exhaust port E2.
- the first and second pump rotors 11 and 12 are formed of a maul-type rotor made of an iron-based material such as cast iron, and are disposed to face each other in the X-axis direction.
- the first and second pump rotors 11 and 12 respectively have rotation axes 11s and 12s parallel to the Y-axis direction.
- each rotary shaft 11s, 12s is rotatably supported by the bearing B1 fixed to the partition 132, and the other end 11s2, 12s2 side of each rotary shaft 11s, 12s is the partition 133 Is rotatably supported by a bearing B2 fixed to the A predetermined gap is formed between the first pump rotor 11 and the second pump rotor 12 and between each of the pump rotors 11 and 12 and the inner wall surface of the pump chamber P. , 12 are configured to rotate without contact with each other and with the inner wall surface of the pump chamber P.
- the rotor core 21 constituting the motor 20 is fixed to one end 11s1 of the rotary shaft 11s of the first pump rotor 11, and the first synchronous gear 141 is fixed between the rotor core 21 and the bearing B1.
- a second synchronizing gear 142 engaged with the first synchronizing gear 141 is fixed.
- the motor 20 is configured of a permanent magnet synchronous type canned motor.
- the motor 20 has a rotor core 21, a stator core 22, a can 23 and a motor case 24.
- the rotor core 21 is fixed to one end 11s1 of the rotation shaft 11s of the first pump rotor 11.
- the rotor core 21 has a laminated body of electromagnetic steel sheets and a plurality of permanent magnets M attached to the circumferential surface thereof.
- the permanent magnets M are arranged along the circumference of the rotor core 21 so that the polarities (N pole, S pole) are alternately different.
- an iron-based material such as a neodymium magnet or a ferrite magnet is used as the permanent magnet material.
- the arrangement form of the permanent magnet is not particularly limited, and may be a surface magnet type (SPM) in which the permanent magnet is disposed on the surface of the rotor core 21 or an embedded magnet type (IPM) in which the permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor core 21 It may be
- the stator core 22 is disposed around the rotor core 21 and fixed to the inner wall surface of the motor case 24.
- the stator core 22 has a laminate of electromagnetic steel plates and a plurality of coils C wound thereon.
- Coil C is formed of a three-phase winding including a U-phase winding, a V-phase winding and a W-phase winding, and is electrically connected to control unit 30, respectively.
- the can 23 is disposed between the rotor core 21 and the stator core 22 and accommodates the rotor core 21 therein.
- the can 23 is a bottomed cylindrical member made of a synthetic resin material such as PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or PEEK (polyether ether ketone) and having one end on the gear chamber G side open.
- the can 23 is fixed to the motor case 24 via a seal ring S mounted around the open end side thereof, and seals the rotor core 21 from the atmosphere (outside air).
- the motor case 24 is made of, for example, an aluminum alloy, and accommodates the rotor core 21, the stator core 22, the can 23 and the synchronous gears 141 and 142.
- the motor case 24 is fixed to the partition wall 132 via a seal ring (not shown) to form a gear chamber G.
- the gear chamber G accommodates lubricating oil for lubricating the synchronous gears 141 and 142 and the bearing B1.
- the outer surface of the motor case 24 is typically provided with a plurality of radiation fins.
- the front end of the motor case 24 is covered with a cover 25.
- the cover 25 is provided with a through hole capable of communicating with the outside air, and is configured to be capable of cooling the rotor core 21 and the stator core 22 via the cooling fan 50 disposed adjacent to the motor 20.
- the motor case 24 may be configured to be capable of water cooling.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of control unit 30. Referring to FIG.
- control unit 30 has a drive circuit 31, a position detection unit 32, and an SW (switching) control unit 33.
- the control unit 30 is for controlling the drive of the motor 20.
- the control unit 30 includes a circuit board housed in a case made of metal or the like installed in the motor case 24 and various electronic components mounted thereon.
- the drive circuit 31 generates a drive signal that causes the motor 20 to rotate at a predetermined number of revolutions. It is comprised by the inverter circuit which has a several semiconductor switching element (transistor). These semiconductor switching elements are controlled individually by SW control unit 33 to control the drive signal supplied to coil C (U-phase winding, V-phase winding and W-phase winding) of stator core 22. Generate each.
- the drive circuit 31 has a temperature sensor 42 (second temperature sensor).
- the temperature sensor 42 detects the temperature of the drive circuit 31. If the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 90 ° C.), the drive circuit 31 stops the supply of the drive signal to the coil C. As a result, the motor 20 can be put into a free run state to prevent a further temperature rise of the motor 20.
- the position detection unit 32 is electrically connected to the coil C of the stator 22.
- the position detection unit 32 indirectly detects the magnetic pole position of the rotor core 21 from the waveform of the back electromotive force generated in the coil C due to the temporal change of the magnetic flux (linkage flux) intersecting the coil C, and detects it.
- This signal is output to the SW control unit 33 as a position detection signal for controlling the energization timing to C.
- the SW control unit 33 is a control signal for exciting the coil C (three-phase winding) of the stator core 22 based on the induced voltage constant (Ke) and the magnetic pole position of the rotor core 21 detected by the position detection unit 32. Are output to the drive circuit 31. That is, the SW control unit 33 detects the load torque of the motor 20 from the magnetic pole position of the rotor core acquired by the position detection unit 32, and generates a control signal to rotate the motor 20 without stepout based on the load torque. And is configured to output this to the drive circuit 31.
- the induced voltage constant is a control parameter for controlling the induced voltage of the motor, and is typically determined according to the strength of the magnetic flux of the rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M), the specification of the vacuum pump, the operating condition, etc. An arbitrary value is preset in the SW control unit 33.
- the pump body 10 when the high load operation continues, the pump body 10 generates heat due to mechanical work and the like, and the motor 20 also generates heat due to eddy current loss and the like.
- the temperature of the rotor core 21 rises, the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet M decreases (demagnetization), and the motor 20 becomes easy to step out.
- the motor 20 is out of step, the target pump performance can not be obtained. Therefore, when the motor 20 generates heat, a technique is required that can maintain the pump performance without causing the motor 20 to be out of step.
- the vacuum pump 100 is configured to estimate the temperature of the rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M) and correct the induced voltage constant based on the estimated temperature. That is, in order to prevent the induced voltage constant set in the inverter (drive circuit 31) from shifting due to a change in motor temperature and the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet M of the rotor core, the induced voltage constant of the inverter By compensating for the change, the motor 20 is prevented from being out of step.
- the induced voltage of the motor 20 is controlled by the input voltage from the drive circuit 31 to the coil C.
- the input voltage is determined by the internal voltage (Vout) (see FIG. 9) of the correction circuit 331 described later.
- the internal voltage of the correction circuit 331 is typically set to be lower as the motor temperature is higher, as shown in FIG.
- the value of the internal voltage of the correction circuit is determined by the induced voltage constant.
- the vacuum pump 100 is configured to estimate the temperature of the rotor core 21 based on the temperature of the first casing portion 131 of the pump main body 10 and correct the induced voltage constant based on the estimated value. Since the first casing portion 131 is made of a metal material, it has the same thermal time constant as the permanent magnet of the rotor core. As a result, the estimation accuracy of the temperatures of the rotor core 21 and the permanent magnet M is enhanced, and appropriate drive control of the motor during high load operation can be realized.
- FIG. 7 is an experimental result showing a temperature change of each part of the vacuum pump 100 when the operation is stopped and the atmosphere is released (cooling) after continuous evacuation (load operation) at an outside air temperature of 40 ° C. for 2 hours or more.
- the rotor temperature P1 indicates the temperature of the rotor core 21
- the coil temperature P2 indicates the temperature of the coil C
- the pump case temperature P3 indicates the temperature of the first casing portion 131
- the motor case temperature P4 indicates the surface temperature of the motor case 24. ing.
- the output of the radiation thermometer installed at the end of the motor case 24 was referred to the measurement of P1 (the measurement area was blackened to adjust the emissivity in order to suppress the influence of the difference in the emissivity of the measurement area) .
- the output of a temperature measuring element such as a thermistor installed at each site was referred to.
- the pump case temperature P3 corresponds to the temperature of the first casing portion 131 made of the same Fe-based material as the rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M), and the coil temperature P2 and the motor case temperature P4. , And has substantially the same temperature characteristics as the rotor temperature P1. It is presumed that this is because the first casing portion 131 faces the pump chamber P, which is one of the temperature rising sources during operation, and has a heat capacity such that the heat radiation characteristic is equivalent to that of the rotor core 21. Therefore, the temperature of the rotor core 21 can be estimated with relatively high accuracy by referring to the pump case temperature P3.
- the vacuum pump 100 of the present embodiment includes a temperature sensor 41 (first temperature sensor) that detects the temperature of the first casing portion 131.
- a thermistor is adopted as temperature sensor 41, it is not restricted to this, and other temperature measurement elements, such as a thermocouple, may be adopted.
- the output of the temperature sensor 41 is input to the SW control unit 33 via the wiring cable 43.
- the mounting method of the temperature sensor 41 is not particularly limited.
- the temperature sensor 41 is fixed to the outer surface of the first casing portion 131 using a suitable fixing tool 61 such as a screw.
- the portion of the first casing portion 131 to which the temperature sensor 41 is attached is not particularly limited either, and may be one end side (partition wall 132 side) of the first casing portion 131 or the other end side (partition wall 133 side). It may be an intermediate part of them.
- the SW control unit 33 has a correction circuit 331 that corrects an induced voltage constant, which is a control parameter of the motor 20, based on the output of the temperature sensor 41.
- the correction circuit 331 is configured as a part of the SW control unit 33, but may be configured as a circuit different from the SW control unit 33.
- FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit showing the relationship among the SW control unit 33, the correction circuit 331, and the temperature sensor 41.
- the temperature sensor 41 is connected to the SW control unit 33 via the voltage dividing resistor 40, and the output (Vout) of the voltage dividing circuit configured by the temperature sensor 41 and the voltage dividing resistor 40 is input to the correction circuit 331.
- the output (Vout) of the voltage dividing circuit corresponds to the internal voltage of the correction circuit 331.
- the correction circuit 331 corrects the induced voltage constant so that the induced voltage of the motor 20 decreases as the temperature of the first casing portion 131 increases when the temperature of the first casing portion 131 is in a predetermined temperature range. Configured as. Thereby, high load continuous operation of the vacuum pump 100 can be realized by preventing the step-out of the motor 20 due to the thermal fluctuation of the motor 20, for example, the decrease of the magnetic flux amount of the permanent magnet M accompanying the rise of the motor temperature.
- FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of correction of the induced voltage constant by the correction circuit 331, and shows the relationship between the temperature of the rotor core 21 estimated based on the output of the temperature sensor 41 and the induced voltage constant. .
- the correction circuit 331 reduces the induced voltage constant as the estimated temperature of the rotor core 21 increases. That is, unlike the comparative example in which the motor 20 is driven with a constant induced voltage constant regardless of the motor temperature, the motor 20 is driven with an induced voltage constant corresponding to the amount of decrease of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet M accompanying the temperature rise. Thus, the vacuum pump 100 can be stably driven without causing the motor 20 to be out of step.
- the induced voltage constant changes linearly with the estimated temperature of the rotor core 21 in the temperature range of 0 ° C. or more.
- the slope of the induced voltage constant in this case is set to correspond to the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnet M. If the temperature coefficient of the permanent magnet M is non-linear, the gradient of the induced voltage constant can also be set to be non-linear.
- the lower limit of the temperature for correcting the induced voltage constant is not limited to 0 ° C., and may be higher or lower than 0 ° C.
- correction circuit 331 sets an approximate straight line AP for estimating the temperature of rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M) based on the output of temperature sensor 41 as shown by the thick solid line in the figure in the temperature range of 40 ° C. to 90 ° C.
- the temperature corresponding to the approximate straight line AP is acquired as the estimated temperature of the rotor core 21.
- the correction circuit 331 corrects the induced voltage constant based on the acquired estimated temperature (FIG. 10).
- the internal voltage of the correction circuit 331 is 4.5 V (FIG. 11).
- the correction circuit 331 acquires the estimated temperature of the rotor core 21 according to the value of the internal voltage from the approximate straight line AP (80 ° C. in this example), and corrects the induced voltage constant to a value corresponding to the estimated temperature (FIG. 10) reference).
- the correction circuit 331 of the present embodiment has a temperature of the first casing portion 131 detected by the temperature sensor 41 not less than a first temperature Th1 (40 ° C.) and a second temperature Th2 (70). In the case of less than ° C., the induced voltage constant is corrected according to a first approximate straight line AP1 having a first temperature gradient. On the other hand, when the temperature of the first casing portion 131 detected by the temperature sensor 41 is greater than or equal to the second temperature Th2 and less than the third temperature Th3 (90 ° C.), the correction circuit 331 performs the first temperature gradient. The induced voltage constant is corrected according to a second approximate straight line AP2 having a second temperature gradient different from.
- the first and second gradients are appropriately set according to the temperature characteristics of the output of the temperature sensor 41 at 40 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less.
- the first temperature gradient is set larger than the second gradient such that the estimated temperature of the rotor core 21 in the temperature range is, for example, approximately 10 ° C. higher than the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 41.
- the first to third temperatures Th1 to Th3 are an example, and can be appropriately changed according to the type and specification of the motor.
- the first and second approximate straight lines AP1 and AP2 can also be set appropriately according to the temperature characteristics of the temperature sensor 41.
- the number of approximate straight lines is not limited to two, and one or three or more may be set.
- the approximate expression is not limited to a straight line, and may be a curve, and the approximate expression may not be continuous, but may be discrete.
- the correction circuit 331 estimates the temperature of the rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M) as the first temperature Th1 when the temperature of the first casing portion 131 is less than the first temperature Th1 (40 ° C.). On the other hand, the correction circuit 331 estimates the temperature of the rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M) as the third temperature Th3 when the temperature of the first casing portion 131 is equal to or higher than the third temperature Th3 (90 ° C.). When the temperature of the drive circuit 31 reaches 90 ° C. or more, as described above, the drive circuit 31 stops generating the drive signal based on the output of the temperature sensor 42 (see FIG. 5).
- the correction circuit 331 controls the drive circuit 31 to stop the motor 20 so as to stop the driving of the vacuum pump 20 or to set the free run state when the disconnection of the wiring cable 43 of the temperature sensor 41 is detected. Configured as. The disconnection of the wiring cable 43 can be detected based on the output (Vout) (see FIG. 9) of the voltage dividing circuit.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing procedure executed by the control unit 30.
- the control unit 30 When the operation of the vacuum pump 100 is started, the control unit 30 generates a drive signal for rotating the motor 20 at a predetermined number of rotations based on a preset (before correction) induced voltage constant (Ke).
- the first and second pump rotors 11 and 12 are rotated by the operation of the motor 20, and a predetermined pumping action is performed to discharge the gas in the vacuum chamber (not shown) sucked from the air inlet E1 from the air outlet E2.
- the pump body 10 When the high load operation continues, the pump body 10 generates heat due to mechanical work and the like, and the motor 20 also generates heat due to eddy current loss and the like.
- the temperature of the rotor core 21 rises, the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet M decreases (demagnetization), and the motor 20 becomes easy to step out.
- the motor 20 When the motor 20 is out of step, the target pump performance can not be obtained.
- control unit 30 (correction circuit 331) is configured based on the output of the temperature sensor 41 attached to the iron-based casing portion (first casing portion 131) that constitutes a part of the pump main body 10. Correct the induced voltage constant to control the induced voltage.
- the correction circuit 331 acquires the temperature of the first casing portion 131 based on the output of the temperature sensor 41 (first temperature sensor) (step 101). Then, the correction circuit 331 determines whether the temperature of the first casing portion 131 is equal to or higher than the first temperature Th1 (40 ° C.), and in the case of less than the first temperature Th1, the correction circuit 331 The temperature is estimated to be the first temperature Th1, and the drive of the motor 20 is continued without changing the control constant (steps 102 and 103).
- the correction circuit 331 reduces the induced voltage according to the first approximate straight line AP1.
- the induced voltage constant is corrected (Figs. 6, 10, 11 and steps 104, 105).
- the correction circuit 331 induces according to the second approximate straight line AP2 (see FIG. 11).
- the induced voltage constant is corrected so as to lower the voltage (FIG. 6, 10, 11 steps 106, 107).
- the induced voltage constant is corrected so that the induced voltage of the motor 20 decreases as the temperature of the first casing portion 131 rises, the vacuum of the motor 20 does not occur. It becomes possible to drive pump 100 stably. Before and after the correction of the induced voltage of the motor 20, typically, the rotational speed does not change and is kept constant. For this reason, pump performance is maintained stable.
- Mechanical booster pumps often use a torque limiter that often lowers the rotational speed to protect the pump at high loads (near atmospheric pressure). In that case, since the work of the pump is reduced and the temperature of the motor rotor and the temperature of the pump main body are reduced, the dielectric pressure constant is increased accordingly to realize stable control even in the torque limiter.
- the control unit 30 estimates the temperature of the rotor core 21 (permanent magnet M) as the third temperature, and the induced voltage according to the third temperature
- the motor 20 is continuously driven with a constant.
- the generation of the drive signal by the drive circuit 31 is stopped based on the output of the temperature sensor 42 in the drive circuit 31, and the motor 20 is put into a free run state.
- the motor 20 is put in a free run state. The above operation is repeated until the operation stop operation of the vacuum pump 100 is performed (step 109).
- the temperature sensor 41 is configured to detect the temperature of the first casing portion 131 made of a material having the same thermal time constant as the permanent magnet M of the rotor core 21, The estimation accuracy of the temperature of the permanent magnet M is enhanced. Thereby, appropriate drive control of the motor at the time of high load operation can be realized. And since pump performance in a high load (high pressure) area can be stably maintained, exhaust time can be shortened and productivity of vacuum processing can be improved.
- the motor 20 can be driven without step out. Such an effect can greatly contribute to the reduction of the equipment cost of a vacuum pump provided with a permanent magnet synchronous type canned motor.
- the temperature sensor 42 for detecting the temperature of the drive circuit 31 is provided separately from the temperature sensor 41 for estimating the temperature of the rotor core 21, the temperature of the drive circuit 31 can be detected appropriately. Thus, the drive circuit 31 can be protected.
- the mechanical booster pump has been described as an example of the vacuum pump, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is applicable to other volumetric transfer type vacuum pumps such as screw pumps and multistage roots pumps. .
- the temperature sensor 41 is configured to detect the temperature of the first casing portion 131 of the pump main body 10, but the invention is not limited thereto.
- the temperature of the second casing portion 134 may be detected.
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- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
メカニカルブースタポンプは、典型的には補助ポンプとともに真空排気系を構成し、補助ポンプである程度まで圧力を下げた後に運転を開始して排気速度を増幅させるために用いられる。
また仮に定格動力で安定する温度で発揮される磁束を想定したとしても、始動時から安定温度になる迄はポンプ性能が維持できない。
上記ポンプ本体は、回転軸と、金属製のケーシング部とを有する。
上記第1の温度センサは、上記ケーシング部に取り付けられ、上記ケーシング部の温度を検出する。
上記モータは、永久磁石を含み上記回転軸に取り付けられたロータコアと、複数のコイルを有するステータコアと、上記ロータコアを収容するキャンと、を有する。
上記制御ユニットは、駆動回路と、補正回路とを有する。上記駆動回路は、あらかじめ設定された誘起電圧定数を基に上記モータを回転させる駆動信号を上記複数のコイルへ供給する。上記補正回路は、上記第1の温度センサの出力に基づいて、上記誘起電圧定数を補正する。
これにより、モータ温度の上昇に伴う永久磁石の磁束量の減少によるモータの脱調を防いで、真空ポンプの高負荷連続運転を実現することができる。
駆動回路の温度を検出する第2の温度センサが第1の温度センサとは別に設けられているため、駆動回路の温度を適切に検出することができる。
ポンプ本体の一部を構成する金属製のケーシング部に取り付けられた温度センサの出力に基づいて、上記誘起電圧定数が補正される。
図1は本発明の一実施形態に係る真空ポンプの一方側から見た全体斜視図、図2は上記真空ポンプの他方側から見た全体斜視図、図3は上記真空ポンプの内部構造を示す概略拡大横断面図、図4は上記真空ポンプの内部構造を示す概略側断面図である。
図においてX軸、Y軸およびZ軸は、相互に直交する3軸方向を示している。
ポンプ本体10は、第1のポンプロータ11と、第2のポンプロータ12と、第1及び第2のポンプロータ11,12を収容するケーシング13とを有する。
モータ20は、永久磁石同期型のキャンドモータで構成される。モータ20は、ロータコア21と、ステータコア22と、キャン23と、モータケース24とを有する。
図5は、制御ユニット30の構成を概略的に示すブロック図である。
図11に温度センサ41の出力の温度特性を示す。温度センサ41には半導体部品であるサーミスタが用いられ、ロータコア21(永久磁石M)とは異なる非線形な温度特性を有する。そこで、補正回路331は、温度センサ41の出力に基づき、40℃~90℃の温度範囲においては図中太実線で示すようにロータコア21(永久磁石M)の温度を推定する近似直線APを設定し、近似直線APに対応する温度をロータコア21の推定温度として取得する。補正回路331は、取得した推定温度を基に、誘起電圧定数を補正する(図10)。
一方、温度センサ41により検出される第1のケーシング部131の温度が第2の温度Th2以上第3の温度Th3(90℃)未満の場合には、補正回路331は、上記第1の温度勾配とは異なる第2の温度勾配を有する第2の近似直線AP2に従って誘起電圧定数を補正する。
次に、以上のように構成される本実施形態の真空ポンプ100の典型的な動作について説明する。
補正回路331は、第1のケーシング部131の温度が第2の温度Th2以上、第3の温度Th3(90℃)未満の場合には、第2の近似直線AP2(図11参照)に従って、誘起電圧を低下させるように誘起電圧定数を補正する(図6,10,11ステップ106,107)。
以上の動作は、真空ポンプ100の運転停止操作が行われるまで、繰り返し実行される(ステップ109)。
11s,12s…回転軸
20…モータ
21…ロータコア
22…ステータコア
23…キャン
24…モータケース
30…制御ユニット
31…駆動回路
32…位置検出部
33…SW制御部
41…第1の温度センサ
42…第2の温度センサ
100…真空ポンプ
131…第1のケーシング部
331…補正回路
M…永久磁石
Claims (8)
- 回転軸と、金属製のケーシング部とを有するポンプ本体と、
前記ケーシング部に取り付けられ、前記ケーシング部の温度を検出する第1の温度センサと、
永久磁石を含み前記回転軸に取り付けられたロータコアと、複数のコイルを有するステータコアと、前記ロータコアを収容するキャンと、を有するモータと、
あらかじめ設定された誘起電圧定数を基に前記モータを回転させる駆動信号を前記複数のコイルへ供給する駆動回路と、前記第1の温度センサの出力に基づいて前記誘起電圧定数を補正する補正回路とを有する制御ユニットと
を具備する真空ポンプ。 - 請求項1に記載の真空ポンプであって、
前記補正回路は、前記ケーシング部の温度が所定の温度範囲の場合には、前記ケーシング部の温度が高いほど前記モータの誘起電圧が低下するように前記誘起電圧定数を補正する
真空ポンプ。 - 請求項2に記載の真空ポンプであって、
前記補正回路は、前記ケーシング部の温度が第1の温度以上第2の温度未満の場合には、第1の温度勾配を有する第1の近似直線に従って前記誘起電圧定数を補正し、前記ケーシング部の温度が前記第2の温度以上第3の温度未満の場合には、前記第1の温度勾配とは異なる第2の温度勾配を有する第2の近似直線に従って前記誘起電圧定数を補正する
真空ポンプ。 - 請求項3に記載の真空ポンプであって、
前記第1の温度勾配は、前記第2の温度勾配よりも大きい
真空ポンプ。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載の真空ポンプであって、
前記制御ユニットは、前記駆動回路の温度を検出する第2の温度センサをさらに有し、
前記駆動回路は、前記駆動回路の温度が前記第3の温度以上の場合には、前記複数のコイルへの前記駆動信号の供給を停止する
真空ポンプ。 - 永久磁石同期型のモータを備えた真空ポンプの制御方法であって、
あらかじめ設定された誘起電圧定数を基に前記モータを回転させる駆動信号を生成し、
ポンプ本体の一部を構成する金属製のケーシング部に取り付けられた温度センサの出力に基づいて、前記誘起電圧定数を補正する
真空ポンプの制御方法。 - 請求項6に記載の真空ポンプの制御方法であって、
前記ケーシング部の温度が所定の温度範囲の場合には、前記ケーシング部の温度が高いほど前記モータの誘起電圧が低下するように前記誘起電圧定数を補正する
真空ポンプの制御方法。 - 請求項7に記載の真空ポンプの制御方法であって、
前記ケーシング部の温度が第1の温度以上第2の温度未満の場合には、第1の温度勾配を有する第1の近似直線に従って前記誘起電圧定数を補正し、
前記ケーシング部の温度が前記第2の温度以上第3の温度未満の場合には、前記第1の温度勾配とは異なる第2の温度勾配を有する第2の近似直線に従って前記誘起電圧定数を補正する
真空ポンプの制御方法。
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DE112018005090.4T DE112018005090B4 (de) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-20 | Vakuumpumpe und Steuerungsverfahren dafür |
CN201880067103.6A CN111213316B (zh) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-20 | 真空泵及其控制方法 |
JP2018552082A JP6445227B1 (ja) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-20 | 真空ポンプおよびその制御方法 |
KR1020207011242A KR102222453B1 (ko) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-20 | 진공펌프 및 그 제어방법 |
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WO2024053177A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-03-14 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | モータ制御装置 |
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KR102222453B1 (ko) | 2021-03-02 |
KR20200043539A (ko) | 2020-04-27 |
CN111213316A (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
US20200271120A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
DE112018005090B4 (de) | 2023-11-30 |
TW201918630A (zh) | 2019-05-16 |
TWI710703B (zh) | 2020-11-21 |
CN111213316B (zh) | 2021-07-13 |
DE112018005090T5 (de) | 2020-08-13 |
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