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WO2019085319A1 - 换电运输器 - Google Patents

换电运输器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085319A1
WO2019085319A1 PCT/CN2018/075461 CN2018075461W WO2019085319A1 WO 2019085319 A1 WO2019085319 A1 WO 2019085319A1 CN 2018075461 W CN2018075461 W CN 2018075461W WO 2019085319 A1 WO2019085319 A1 WO 2019085319A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
plate
carrying
electric
carrier plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/075461
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田小涛
丁习坤
林海岩
李楠
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18874013.8A priority Critical patent/EP3705361B1/en
Publication of WO2019085319A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085319A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery handling, and more particularly to a power change transporter for replacing a battery for an electric vehicle.
  • the power exchange ie, battery replacement
  • the power station is a place for power battery replacement of electric vehicles. It has functions such as charging, thermal management, communication, and monitoring. In the power station, a certain number of battery boxes can be pre-loaded, and a dedicated charging cable is used in the battery compartment to quickly connect and charge with the charging device.
  • the battery For the electric vehicle of the electric exchange type, the battery is generally fixed to the bottom of the vehicle body by bolts, and the battery has a certain weight. When disassembling, an auxiliary mechanical device is needed to support the weight of the battery. After the bolt is removed, the battery needs to be removed from the vehicle body and transported for exchange. New battery; the battery needs to be lifted to the bottom of the car during installation. In order to meet the above requirements, a battery transfer device capable of lifting, transporting and exchanging is required.
  • Existing battery transfer equipment includes AGV trolleys for electric vehicle production lines, including electric travel systems, scissor lift platforms, and manual floating disassembly devices.
  • the manual floating disassembly device is composed of a universal ball and a linear guide type floating mechanism, a body pin positioning mechanism and a battery conveying guiding mechanism.
  • the loading and unloading of the battery can be completed with the cooperation of two workers.
  • the AGV walking trolley and the car lifting crane in the system are relatively large in size, and the indoor construction is required to construct the guide rail and the safety protection system, thereby having the disadvantages of high cost, large space, high site requirements and inability to be widely distributed. Therefore, how to provide a battery transfer device that occupies a small space, has a simple structure, and can still perform the required actions of loading and unloading a battery has become a technical problem to be solved.
  • a power exchange transporter includes: a carrier portion, the carrier portion includes: a carrier plate for carrying a battery to be transported, and a battery transport mechanism is disposed on the carrier plate; and a lifting mechanism supported at a bottom of the carrier plate and controlled to rise and fall to change a vertical distance between the carrier plate and the bottom plate;
  • the moving portion is coupled to the bottom of the carrying portion and used to drive the carrying portion to move; and wherein a body positioning mechanism is disposed on the carrying plate, the body positioning mechanism for limiting the carrying plate to The first desired position of the bottom positioning hole of the to-be-returned vehicle is matched.
  • the vehicle body positioning mechanism is disposed at an end of the carrier plate in a longitudinal direction, and the vehicle body positioning mechanism has an operating state and a disengaged state; in the working state, the carrier plate can be used to define the carrier plate The position between the vehicles to be exchanged; in the state of the reposition, the battery to be transported leaves or enters the carrier along the end of the carrier.
  • the method further includes: a floating mechanism disposed between the carrier plate and the lifting mechanism in a lifting direction, a bottom of the floating mechanism being connected to the lifting mechanism; the floating mechanism is used for The carrier plate is offset in the horizontal direction and/or in the vertical direction relative to the lifting mechanism.
  • a battery positioning mechanism is disposed on the carrier plate, and the battery positioning mechanism is configured to define the carrier plate at a second desired position for performing an unlocking operation on the battery to be transported.
  • the battery transport mechanism includes the transport roller, and the transport roller is disposed at two sides and/or a middle portion of the carrier plate.
  • the method further includes: respectively providing a battery guiding mechanism on both sides of the carrier plate, wherein the battery guiding mechanism is configured to define a partial moving boundary and a moving direction of the battery to be transported.
  • the battery guiding mechanism comprises a guiding roller.
  • the moving portion further includes a brake element that controls the movement of the moving portion in a controlled manner.
  • the method further includes: braking the suction, which is disposed on the lower side of the bottom plate, and controls the movement of the electric transporter in a controlled manner.
  • the method further includes: a positioning end plate disposed at an end of the carrier plate in a longitudinal direction, the positioning end plate and the vehicle body positioning mechanism being disposed at the same end of the carrier plate, in the bearing portion The ends of the ends extend and protrude, and the positioning end plates are provided with positioning holes.
  • the functions of lifting, transporting and the like required for loading and unloading the battery are integrated on the carrying portion, and through the setting of the vehicle body positioning mechanism, during the battery loading and unloading process, the electric transporter and the vehicle to be replaced are replaced.
  • the electric transporter can be manually pushed manually, with large lifting stroke, large bearing capacity, small volume and light operation. It can be applied to various parking lots and most automobile maintenance stations, and the structure and use are simple and reliable.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a power transfer conveyor of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the power change transporter of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the electric transporter of FIG. 1 after carrying a battery to be transported.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the electric transporter of FIG. 3 carrying the battery to be transported.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the application of the power change transporter of the present invention in a substation system.
  • the power exchange transporter 100 includes a carrying portion 110 for implementing a transporting and lifting function during battery loading and unloading, and a moving portion 120 for implementing a power-changing transporter. 100 walking.
  • the carrying portion 110 includes: a carrying board 111 for carrying a battery to be transported, and a battery transport mechanism 114 is disposed on the carrying board 111; a bottom plate 112 for providing a mounting position for the moving portion 120; and a supporting plate 111 and a bottom plate
  • the lifting mechanism 113 between the 112s, and the lifting mechanism 113 can be controlled to ascend and descend to change the vertical distance between the carrier plate 111 and the bottom plate 112.
  • the moving portion 120 is connected to the bottom plate 112 of the carrying portion 110 and is capable of driving the carrying portion 110 to move.
  • the electric transporter 100 of such an arrangement integrates the functions of lifting, transporting, and the like required for loading and unloading the battery on the carrying portion, and realizes the transfer of the battery after loading and unloading under the cooperation of the moving portion, thereby completely implementing the entire replacement. Electrical process. Furthermore, the carrier 110 is designed in the vertical direction to have a size that matches the battery to be transported. This makes it possible to reduce the space occupied by the device as much as possible under the premise that the function of loading and unloading and transferring the battery has been realized. Overall, the electric transporter can be manually pushed manually, with large lifting stroke, large bearing capacity, small size and light operation. It can be applied to various parking lots and most car repair stations, and the structure and use are simple and reliable.
  • an additional body positioning mechanism 116 such as a body positioning pin 116a, etc., may be provided on the carrier plate 111.
  • the vehicle body positioning pin 116a When loading and unloading the battery, the vehicle body positioning pin 116a is first aligned with the mating positioning hole at the bottom of the vehicle to be replaced, thereby defining the carrier plate 111 at a first desired position at the bottom of the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the battery to be loaded and unloaded can be accurately placed on the carrier plate after being disassembled, or can be accurately loaded into the vehicle battery mounting position via the carrier plate.
  • the vehicle body positioning pin 116a may be disposed at one end of the carrier plate 111 in the longitudinal direction of the power transmission conveyor 100.
  • the vehicle body positioning pin 116a is pulled down to make it in a state of relocation.
  • the battery can be transported to the storage point in this direction or the new battery can be transferred from the storage point to the power transfer transporter.
  • a floating mechanism 117 may be additionally provided on the lower side of the carrier plate 111 and connected to the lifting mechanism 113; the floating mechanism 117 is for causing the carrier plate 111 to occur in the horizontal direction and/or in the vertical direction with respect to the lifting mechanism 113.
  • the floating mechanism 117 is for causing the carrier plate 111 to occur in the horizontal direction and/or in the vertical direction with respect to the lifting mechanism 113.
  • the position of the power transmission conveyor 110 can be driven by the moving portion; and the positioning hole of the vehicle body positioning mechanism 116 and the bottom of the vehicle is only When there is a slight deviation, the relative position between the carrier plate 111 and the vehicle can be finely adjusted by the floating mechanism 117, thereby adjusting the vehicle body positioning mechanism 116 to adapt to the position of the vehicle body positioning hole.
  • the floating mechanism 117 may be a chain suspended floating element.
  • the chain suspended floating element includes a chain that causes the carrier plate 111 to be displaced in the horizontal direction with respect to the elevating mechanism 113 and a spring that causes the carrier plate 111 to be displaced in the vertical direction with respect to the elevating mechanism 113.
  • the carrier plate 111 and the lifting mechanism 113 are respectively provided with a plurality of pairs of connecting portions for connecting to each other, and the connecting portion on the carrying plate 111 is lower than the connecting portion on the lifting mechanism 113 in the lifting direction, and is connected through the two ends of the chain. .
  • the chain can swing in the horizontal direction at this time.
  • one of the connection portions and the corresponding end of the chain may be connected by a spring, whereby when the two are required to be vertically offset, the spring may be compressed in the vertical direction at this time.
  • a battery positioning mechanism 115 such as a battery positioning pin 115a or the like may be disposed on the carrier plate 111.
  • the battery to be loaded and unloaded can be accurately placed on the carrier plate after being disassembled, and then passed through the carrier plate 111.
  • the battery locating pin 115a can define the battery to be transported at a second desired position on the carrier plate 111.
  • the battery to be transported should also be limited to the second desired position on the carrier plate 111. This will limit the battery on the carrier board during the transport process to avoid it falling; and it will have accurate positioning during the power-changing process, speeding up the process of loading and unloading the battery, and more efficient.
  • the battery transport mechanism 114 can be configured to include at least three sets of transport rollers 114a, 114b, 114c disposed on both sides and the middle of the carrier plate 111, respectively, to provide a uniform and stable delivery process for the battery.
  • a battery guiding mechanism 119 such as a guiding roller 119a or the like may be respectively disposed on both sides of the carrying board 111.
  • the guide roller 119a is for defining a partial moving boundary and a moving direction of the battery to be transported.
  • the movement space of the battery to be transported in the direction of the two sides of the carrying plate is limited; and the guiding roller 119a does not restrict the movement direction, and does not bring the movement of the transport battery toward the desired direction. Excessive resistance optimizes the process of transporting the battery into or out of the carrier.
  • the positioning end plate 118 protruding from the front side of the front portion of the carrying portion 110 may be disposed, and the positioning end plate 118 is provided with a positioning hole 118a.
  • the positioning pin on the standby area docking device can be inserted into the positioning hole 118a on the positioning end plate 118, so that the power-changing transporter stably stops in the standby area.
  • the positioning method has a simple structure and high reliability.
  • the moving portion 120 further includes a brake element that controls the movement of the moving portion 120 in a controlled manner.
  • the brake caster 121 can be used, so that the electric transporter can be braked in time when there is no need to use the electric transporter or an emergency situation during the transfer process, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the device application.
  • a brake ground suction 130 may be additionally provided on the lower side of the bottom plate 112, and the brake ground suction 130 controls the movement of the power exchange conveyor 100 in a controlled manner, which can be fixed to the ground when the power transmission conveyor is stopped. For a more reliable braking effect.
  • the electric transporter 100 can be manually pushed to the bottom of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle 300, and the vehicle body positioning pin 116a is aligned with the corresponding pin hole on the bottom of the vehicle body and inserted; the lifting mechanism 113 is raised until the conveying roller 114a, 114b, 114c contact the bottom of the battery and lift the weight of the battery; then align and insert the battery positioning pin 115a with the corresponding pin hole on the battery; thereafter, the brake shoe 121 and the brake ground 130 are maintained in a braking state, The tightening gun unlocks the battery bolt and retracts the tightening gun after removing the bolts on all the batteries; then the lifting mechanism 113 is lowered until the battery 200 to be replaced descends with the carrying portion 110 until it is disengaged from the bottom of the electric vehicle 300. This completes the battery removal procedure.
  • the braking state with the brake caster 121 and the brake ground suction 130 is released, the electric transporter 100 is pushed to the battery storage point and the docking is completed, and then the vehicle body positioning pin 116a is pulled down to push the battery from the vehicle body positioning pin 116a. Enter the storage point.
  • the transfer step of the battery 200 to be replaced is thus completed.
  • the new battery is transported to the power-changing transporter 100 in the opposite direction in the same manner, and is transported back to the vehicle to be replaced 300, and the process of loading the battery is started.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种换电运输器（100）包括承载部（110）、移动部（120）和车身定位机构（116）。承载部（110）包括用于承载待运电池（200）的承载板（111）、支撑在承载板（111）底部的升降机构（113），承载板（111）上设有电池输送机构（114），移动部（120）连接至承载部（110）底部并驱动承载部（110）。车身定位机构（116）设置在承载板（111）上，用于将承载板（111）限定在与待换电车辆（300）底部定位孔配合的第一期望位置。该换电运输器将装卸电池所需要的升降、传输等功能均集成于承载部上，通过车身定位机构的设置，使得电池装卸过程中，换电运输器与待换电车辆能够保持准确的相对定位，提高电池更换效率。该换电运输器可人工手动推送，升降行程大、承重大、体积小、操作轻便，适用于各个停车场及大部分汽车维修站，结构简单，使用方便可靠。

Description

换电运输器 技术领域
本发明涉及电池装卸领域，更具体而言，其涉及一种更换电动汽车车用电池的换电运输器。
背景技术
随着传统化石能源消耗所带来的供应压力以及尾气污染，传统燃油汽车的发展进入了迟滞期。针对于此，出于对绿色能源前景的看好，节能环保的电动汽车在近几年呈现出井喷式发展。目前，在电动汽车开发过程中，由于受到当前电池技术的限制，电池容量不足及充电时间较长是现阶段不可回避的问题。为解决此类技术问题，一方面，加大了对电池技术自身的研发投入；另一方面，也加大了对电池周边技术的开发。例如，电池更换即为一种极速、方便、安全的办法。
具体而言，换电(也即电池更换)是指电动汽车通过换电设备将车辆的动力电池取下，并更换另一组动力电池到电动汽车上的补能方式。换电站是为电动汽车的动力电池实现换电的场所，其具有充电、热管理、通信、监控等功能。换电站中可以预先承载一定数量电池箱，并在电池仓中采用专用充电电缆与充电装置快速连接及充电。
对于换电类型的电动汽车，其电池一般通过螺栓固定在车身底部，而且电池有一定重量，拆卸时需要辅助机械装置来支承电池重量，在螺栓拆下后需要将电池脱离车身并运走以交换新的电池；而安装时需要将电池托举至车身底部。为了满足前述要求，需要一台能够实现升降、转运与交换的电池转运设备。
现有的电池转运设备包括用于电动汽车产线上的AGV小车，其包括电动行走系统、剪刀举升平台及手动浮动拆卸装置。其中，手动浮动拆卸装置由万向球和直线导轨式浮动机构、车身插销定位机构与电池输送导向机构组成。通过该设备的辅助，可以在两名工人的配合下完成电池的装卸。但是，该系统中的AGV行走小车及汽车提升天车体积都比较大，而且需要室内施工搭建导轨和安全防护系统，从而具有成本很高、空间大、场地要求高和无法广泛分布等缺点。因此，如何能够提供一种占用空间小、结构简单且同时仍能完成装卸电池所需动作的电池转运设备，成为亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种换电运输器。
为实现本发明的目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种换电运输器，其包括：承载部，所述承载部包括：承载板，所述承载板用于承载待运输电池，且所述承载板上设置电池输送机构；以及升降机构，所述升降机构支承在所述承载板的底部，并受控地升降来改变所述承载板与底板之间的竖向距离；移动部，所述移动部连接至所述承载部的底部，并用于驱动所述承载部移动；以及其中，在所述承载板上设置车身定位机构，所述车身定位机构用于将所述承载板限定在与所述待换电车辆底部定位孔配合的第一期望位置。
可选地，所述车身定位机构沿纵向设置在所述承载板的端部，且所述车身定位机构具有工作状态和让位状态；在所述工作状态下，可用于限定所述承载板与待换电车辆之间的位置；在所述让位状态下，待运输电池沿所述承载板的端部离开或进入承载板。
可选地，还包括：浮动机构，所述浮动机构沿升降方向设置在承载板和所述升降机构之间，所述浮动机构的底部与所述升降机构连接；所述浮动机构用于使所述承载板相对于所述升降机构发生沿水平方向和/或沿竖直方向的偏移。
可选地，在所述承载板上设置电池定位机构，所述电池定位机构用于将所述承载板限定在对待运输电池进行加解锁操作的第二期望位置。
可选地，所述电池输送机构包括所述输送滚轮，所述输送滚轮设置于所述承载板的两侧和/或中部。
可选地，还包括：在所述承载板两侧分别设置电池导向机构，所述电池导向机构用于限定待运输电池的部分移动边界及移动方向。
可选地，所述电池导向机构包括导向滚轮。
可选地，所述移动部还包括制动元件，所述制动元件受控地限制所述移动部的运动。
可选地，还包括：制动地吸，其设置在所述底板下侧，且受控地限制所述换电运输器的运动。
可选地，还包括：沿纵向设置在所述承载板的端部的定位端板，所述定位端板与所述车身定位机构设置在所述承载板的相同端部，在所述承载部的端部两侧延伸突出，且所述定位端板上设置定位孔。
根据本构想的换电运输器，将装卸电池所需要的升降、传输等功能均集成于承载部上，并通过车身定位机构的设置，使得电池装卸过程中，换电运输器与待换电车辆能够保持准确的相对定位，提高电池更换效率。该换电运输器实现了可人工手动推送，升降行程大、承重大、体积小、操作轻便，可适用于各个停车场及大部分汽车维修站，而且结构和使用简单可靠。
附图说明
图1是本发明的换电运输器的一个实施例的示意图。
图2是图1中的换电运输器的主视图。
图3是图1中的换电运输器承载待运输电池后的示意图。
图4是图3中的换电运输器承载待运输电池后的侧视图。
图5是本发明的换电运输器在换电站系统内应用的示意图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的构想，在此结合附图提供一种换电运输器的实施例。参见图1至图2，该换电运输器100包括承载部110以及移动部120，其中承载部110用于实现电池装卸过程中的输送及升降功能，而移动部120用于实现换电运输器100的行走。
具体而言，承载部110包括：用于承载待运输电池的承载板111，且承载板111上设置电池输送机构114；为移动部120提供安装位置的底板112；以及支承在承载板111与底板112之间的升降机构113，且该升降机构113能够受控地升降来改变承载板111与底板112之间的竖向距离。而移动部120则连接至承载部110的底板112，并能够驱动承载部110移动。此种布置的换电运输器100，将装卸电池所需要的升降、传输等功能均集成于承载部上，且在移动部的配合下实现装卸后电池的转运，由此能够完整地实现整个换电过程。此外，将承载部110在竖直方向上设计成具有与待运输电池相匹配的尺寸。使得在已经实现装卸、转运电池功能的前提下，尽可能地减小装置占用空间。整体而言，该换电运输器实现了可人工手动推送，升降行程大、承重大、体积小、操作轻便，可适用于各个停车场及大部分汽车维修站，而且结构和使用简单可靠。
此外，为确保电池装卸过程更为高效可靠地进行，还可关于换电运输器的承载部110做出多种细节改型，如下将逐一而述。
例如，可在承载板111上设置额外车身定位机构116，如车身定位销116a 等。在装卸电池时，首先使车身定位销116a对准待换电车辆底部的配合定位孔，从而将承载板111限定在待换电车辆底部的第一期望位置。此时，待装卸电池在拆卸后将可准确地安置在承载板上，或者可经由承载板准确地装入车辆电池安装位置。更具体地，可将车身定位销116a沿换电运输器100纵向布置在承载板111的一端。此时，其还可以在转运过程起到对承载板上的电池的纵向限位作用，以避免其跌落，且在到达转运目的地后拉下车身定位销116a，使其处于让位状态，此时，电池可沿此方向被输送至储存点或使新电池从储存点被移送至换电运输器上。
再如，还可在承载板111下侧额外设置浮动机构117，并与升降机构113连接；该浮动机构117用于使承载板111相对于升降机构113发生沿水平方向和/或沿竖直方向的偏移。具体而言，在车身定位机构116与车辆底部的配合定位孔存在较大距离时，可通过移动部来驱动换电运输器110调整位置；而在车身定位机构116与车辆底部的配合定位孔仅存在微小偏差时，则可通过浮动机构117来微调承载板111与车辆之间的相对位置，从而调整车身定位机构116，以适应配合车身定位孔的位置。
作为浮动机构117的一类具体实施方式，其可以是链条悬挂式浮动元件。此时，该链条悬挂式浮动元件包括使承载板111相对于升降机构113发生沿水平方向偏移的链条及使承载板111相对于升降机构113发生沿竖直方向偏移的弹簧。具体地，承载板111和升降机构113上分别设有用于彼此连接的多对连接部位，承载板111上的连接部位沿升降方向低于升降机构113上的连接部位，并通过链条的两端连接。当需要使二者发生水平偏移时，则链条此时可发生沿水平方向的摆动。进一步地，其中一个连接部位和链条的对应一端之间可以通过弹簧连接，由此当需要使二者发生竖直偏移时，则弹簧此时可发生沿竖直方向的压缩。
此外，还可在承载板111上设置电池定位机构115，如电池定位销115a等。具体而言，在装卸电池时，当已完成车身定位销116a与待换电车辆底部的配合定位后，待装卸电池在拆卸后将可准确地安置在承载板上，此时通过承载板111上的电池定位销115a，可将待运输电池限定在承载板111上的第二期望位置。或者，再将新电池转运至待换电车辆的过程中，也应将待运输电池限定在承载板111上的第二期望位置。这将在转运过程起到对承载板上的电池的限位作用，以避免其跌落；并使得其在换电过程中具有准确定位，加速装卸电池进程，更为高效。
为便于电池输送，可将电池输送机构114设置成包括至少三组输送滚轮 114a、114b、114c，其分别设置于承载板111的两侧及中部，从而为电池提供均匀稳定的输送过程。可选地，还可在承载板111两侧分别设置电池导向机构119，如导向滚轮119a等。导向滚轮119a用于限定待运输电池的部分移动边界及移动方向。在导向滚轮119a的作用下，待运输电池在承载板两侧的方向上的运动空间均得到限制；且导向滚轮119a在限制运动方向的同时，还不会待运输电池朝向期望方向的运动带来过多阻力，优化来待运输电池进入或离开承载板的过程。
另外，为使换电运输器在待命区具有稳定的对接与定位状态，还可在承载部110前部的两侧延伸突出的定位端板118，定位端板118上设置定位孔118a。当换电运输器处于待命状态时，可将待命区对接装置上的定位销插入定位端板118上的定位孔118a，从而使得换电运输器稳定地停靠在待命区。该定位方式结构简单且可靠性高。
另外，为提高换电运输器在转运过程中的可靠性，还额外增设了若干制动功能，如下将逐一而述。
例如，移动部120还包括制动元件，制动元件受控地限制移动部120的运动。具体而言，可以采用带刹车脚轮121，以便在无需使用换电运输器时或转运过程中发生紧急情况时，均可对换电运输器及时制动，提高装置应用的安全可靠性。再者，还可在在底板112下侧增设制动地吸130，该制动地吸130受控地限制换电运输器100的运动，其可在换电运输器停止时与地面固定，带来更为可靠的制动效果。
随后，将结合图3至5来描述前述构想中的换电运输器100在电动汽车300的换电过程中的工作原理。
在电动汽车的电池更换过程中，需分别完成卸载电池与装载电池两个过程。在卸载电池时，可手动将换电运输器100推至电动汽车300的车身底部，将车身定位销116a与车身底部上对应的插销孔对准并插入；使升降机构113上升直到输送滚轮114a、114b、114c与电池底部接触并托举电池重量；随后将电池定位销115a与电池上对应的插销孔对准并插入；此后，将带刹车脚轮121与制动地吸130保持制动状态，用拧紧枪对电池螺栓进行解锁，并在拆下全部电池上的螺栓后收回拧紧枪；接着使升降机构113下降直到待更换电池200随着承载部110下降直到脱离电动汽车300的车底。至此完成电池拆卸步骤。
随后，解除带刹车脚轮121及制动地吸130的制动状态，推动换电运输器100至电池存储点并完成对接，随后将车身定位销116a拉下，将电池从车身定位销 116a方向推入存储点。至此完成待更换电池200的转运步骤。
此后，以相同方式沿相反方向将新的电池输送至换电运输器100是，并转运回待换电车辆300处，开始装载电池的过程。
将运输新电池的换电运输器100推至电动汽车300的车身底部，将车身定位销116a与车身底部上对应的插销孔对准并插入；使升降机构113上升直到电池上表面与车身底部接触；在此过程中链条悬挂式浮动元件117a会纠正微小的偏差；此后，将带刹车脚轮121与制动地吸130保持制动状态，用拧紧枪对电池螺栓进行加锁，并在安装全部电池上的螺栓后收回拧紧枪，接着使升降机构113下降，输送滚轮114a、114b、114c随之下降直到脱离电池底部。至此完成电池拆卸步骤。
随后，解除带刹车脚轮121及制动地吸130的制动状态，将换电运输器100驶离。至此完成待新电池的装载步骤。且由此完成了整个换电过程。
以上例子主要说明了换电运输器。尽管只对其中一些本发明的实施方式进行了描述，但是本领域普通技术人员应当了解，本发明可以在不偏离其主旨与范围内以许多其他的形式实施。因此，所展示的例子与实施方式被视为示意性的而非限制性的，在不脱离如所附各权利要求所定义的本发明精神及范围的情况下，本发明可能涵盖各种的修改与替换。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换电运输器，其特征在于，包括：
    承载部，所述承载部包括：承载板，所述承载板用于承载待运输电池，且所述承载板上设置电池输送机构；以及升降机构，所述升降机构支承在所述承载板的底部，并受控地升降来改变所述承载板与底板之间的竖向距离；
    移动部，所述移动部连接至所述承载部的底部，并用于驱动所述承载部移动；以及
    其中，在所述承载板上设置车身定位机构，所述车身定位机构用于将所述承载板限定在与待换电车辆底部定位孔配合的第一期望位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，所述车身定位机构沿纵向设置在所述承载板的端部，且所述车身定位机构具有工作状态和让位状态；在所述工作状态下，可用于限定所述承载板与待换电车辆之间的位置；在所述让位状态下，待运输电池沿所述承载板的端部离开或进入承载板。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，还包括：浮动机构，所述浮动机构沿升降方向设置在承载板和所述升降机构之间，所述浮动机构的底部与所述升降机构连接；所述浮动机构用于使所述承载板相对于所述升降机构发生沿水平方向和/或沿竖直方向的偏移。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，在所述承载板上设置电池定位机构，所述电池定位机构用于将所述承载板限定在对待运输电池进行加解锁操作的第二期望位置。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的换电运输器，其特征在于：所述电池输送机构包括所述输送滚轮，所述输送滚轮设置于所述承载板的两侧和/或中部。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，还包括：在所述承载板两侧分别设置电池导向机构，所述电池导向机构用于限定待运输电池的部分移动边界及移动方向。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，所述电池导向机构包括导向滚轮。
  8. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的换电运输器，其特征在于：所述移动部还包括制动元件，所述制动元件受控地限制所述移动部的运动。
  9. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，还包括：制动地吸，其设置在所述底板下侧，且受控地限制所述换电运输器的运动。
  10. 根据权利要求2至3任意一项所述的换电运输器，其特征在于，还包括：沿纵向设置在所述承载板的端部的定位端板，所述定位端板与所述车身定位机构设置在所述承载板的相同端部，在所述承载部的端部两侧延伸突出，且所述定位端板上设置定位孔。
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