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WO2019051917A1 - 用于功率开关管的驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于功率开关管的驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019051917A1
WO2019051917A1 PCT/CN2017/106157 CN2017106157W WO2019051917A1 WO 2019051917 A1 WO2019051917 A1 WO 2019051917A1 CN 2017106157 W CN2017106157 W CN 2017106157W WO 2019051917 A1 WO2019051917 A1 WO 2019051917A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch tube
power switch
voltage
signal
input
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/106157
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶春显
詹旭标
李涛
阮胜超
陈文博
Original Assignee
深圳市鹏源电子有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710823715.0A external-priority patent/CN107579649B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201721181575.3U external-priority patent/CN207399023U/zh
Application filed by 深圳市鹏源电子有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市鹏源电子有限公司
Priority to US16/486,927 priority Critical patent/US11050242B2/en
Publication of WO2019051917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019051917A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0812—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
    • H03K17/08122—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
    • H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
    • H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/163—Soft switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K2017/0806—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage against excessive temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of semiconductor technologies, and in particular, to a driving device for a power switch tube.
  • SiC or GaN switching transistors As a wide-forbidden semiconductor device, SiC or GaN switching transistors have high saturation electron drift velocity, high electric field breakdown strength, low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity.
  • the SiC/GaN switch tube has the characteristics of high blocking voltage, high operating frequency and high temperature resistance, low on-state resistance and low switching loss. It is an application trend of high power density and efficiency improvement in high frequency and high voltage applications.
  • the driving device is required to have instantaneous driving high power characteristics, that is, it requires a large capacitive load capacity;
  • the drive device is required to have high withstand voltage capability and has an ultra-low isolation capacitance to reduce the interference of the high voltage bus part to the low voltage control side;
  • the drive device is required to have a very fast reaction speed to improve the safety of protecting the switch tube when an abnormal state occurs;
  • the drive unit is required to have a Miller clamp function that can be directly processed to simplify PCB layout and simple solution.
  • the isolated drive must have a suitable drive voltage, ie the power supply is required to have positive and negative output voltages, and the positive and negative output voltages are not symmetrical output characteristics.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a driving device for a power switch tube, which is mounted The setting can improve the working efficiency and safety of the power switch tube, and the cost is low.
  • a driving device for a power switch tube comprising: a voltage supply module for providing a voltage required for a power switch tube; a drive signal isolation module, wherein the drive signal isolation module comprises a signal input end and a signal output end which are isolated from each other The signal input end is configured to receive an external driving signal, and the signal output end is connected to the power switch tube control end for providing an isolated driving signal for the power switch tube; a short circuit/overcurrent protection module, and a The drain of the power switch tube is connected to turn off the power switch tube when the power switch tube is short-circuited or over-current; the Miller clamp module is connected to the drive end of the power switch tube for eliminating the meter
  • An undervoltage protection module is connected to a node between the driving signal isolation module and the power switch tube for turning off the input of the isolated driving signal to the power switch tube when the input voltage is under voltage; And an over temperature protection module connected to the node between the driving signal isolation module and the power switch tube for selecting temperature according to the driving device The input of the isolated drive signal to the
  • the voltage providing module includes: a DC-DC module including a voltage input terminal and a voltage output terminal that are isolated from each other, the voltage input terminal being connected to an external voltage supply source, the voltage output terminal Connected to the power switch tube, the DC-DC module is configured to convert an input voltage of an external voltage supply source into a voltage required by the power switch tube.
  • the driving signal isolation module further includes: a magnetic isolation device for isolating the signal input end and the signal output end.
  • the short circuit/overcurrent protection module includes: a short circuit/overcurrent detecting unit for detecting whether the power switch tube is short-circuited or over-current; and a soft-off unit for short-circuiting or over-going the power switch tube
  • the input of the signal input terminal is turned off to suppress the generation of the high voltage spike of the switch tube;
  • the reset unit is configured to receive an external input recovery signal when the power switch tube is short-circuited or the over-current state is released, and the control unit
  • the soft-shutdown unit stops turning off the input of the isolated drive signal.
  • the over-temperature protection module includes: a temperature detecting unit configured to detect a temperature of the driving device; and a driving signal closing unit configured to selectively turn off the isolated driving signal according to the driving device temperature Switch tube input.
  • the power switch tube is a silicon carbide MOSFET or a gallium nitride HEMT.
  • the driving device for a power switch tube according to the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the driving device for a power switch tube is connected to the control end of the power switch tube through a driving resistor, and the power switch tube receives the switch off signal through the signal output end, and short-circuits or over-currents in the power switch tube
  • the short-circuit/overcurrent protection module's input unit is provided with a shutdown drive signal input, and the soft-shutdown function is enabled to enable the power switch
  • the tube will not be damaged due to the short circuit/overcurrent spike being too high, so that the power switch tube can work normally and protect the power switch tube under short circuit/overcurrent condition.
  • the drive device also has secondary side undervoltage protection function and over temperature protection. The function enhances the protection, thereby improving the working efficiency and high reliability of the power switch tube, improving the competitiveness of the product, and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of a driving device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram of a driving device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4-1 is a schematic diagram of an output turn-on time waveform of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4-2 is a schematic diagram showing an output off-time waveform of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a waveform during short circuit protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of waveforms during undervoltage protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 7-1 is a waveform diagram of over temperature protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7-2 is a thermal imager test diagram for temperature protection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the DC-DC module 10 The DC-DC module 10, the driving device 20, the power switch tube 30, the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201, the Miller clamp module 202, the drive signal isolation module 203, the over temperature protection module 204, and the undervoltage protection module 205.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • a driving device 20 for a power switch tube includes: a voltage supply module, a short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201, a Miller clamp module 202, a driving signal isolation module 203, and an over temperature. Protection module 204 and undervoltage protection module 205.
  • the voltage supply module is used to provide the voltage required for the power switch tube.
  • the voltage providing module comprises: a DC-DC module comprising a voltage input terminal and a voltage output terminal isolated from each other, the voltage input terminal being connected to an external voltage supply source, the voltage output terminal and the power The switch is connected, and the DC-DC module 10 converts the voltage signal at the input terminal into a suitable isolation voltage VDD2, supplies a voltage signal usable to the secondary side of the driving device, and provides a positive and negative voltage to the control terminal of the power switch tube.
  • the DC-DC module 10 may be included in the driving device 20, or the positive side input voltage of the control terminal of the VDD2 and the power switch tube 30 may be supplied to the secondary side of the driving device 20 by another isolation voltage as shown in FIG.
  • the driving device 20 can be directly connected to the external voltage input, and provides a suitable VDD1 and REDAY signals to the primary side of the driving device 20 through a power source (for example, an LDO), and is provided to the F terminal and the R terminal of the short circuit/overcurrent protection module.
  • a power source for example, an LDO
  • the primary side of the driving device 20 can normally receive the input of the external driving signal; the IN terminal of the driving device 20 receives the driving signal of the driving voltage signal ON/OFF, and the signal output terminal OUT of the driving signal isolation module 203 of the driving device 20
  • the trigger signal is output to the control terminal G of the power switch tube 30, and +20V is supplied from the DC-DC module 10 to Ron, and -4V is supplied to Roff to drive the power switch tube 30 to be turned on or off, so that the power switch tube 30 enters the normal state.
  • Working status As shown in Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2, after the drive device outputs the on/off signal, the parameters in the circuit change according to the graph.
  • the turn-on rise time tr is 20 ns
  • the turn-off fall time tf is 18 ns. .
  • the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201 is connected to the drain of the power switch tube 30 for turning off the power switch tube when the power switch tube is shorted or overcurrent.
  • the short/overcurrent protection module 201 includes a short/overcurrent detection unit, a soft shutdown unit, and a reset unit.
  • the short circuit/overcurrent detecting unit is configured to detect whether the power switch tube is short-circuited or over-current.
  • the soft-shutdown unit is configured to turn off the input of the signal input when the power switch tube is short-circuited or over-current, to suppress the generation of the high voltage spike by the switch.
  • the reset unit is configured to receive a recovery signal of the external input when the power switch tube 30 is short-circuited or the over-current state is released, and control the soft-off unit to stop the input of the isolated drive signal.
  • the monitoring terminal D of the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201 is connected to the input end of the power switch tube 30 through D1, and the signal output end of the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201 is connected to the output terminal F, and the short circuit/overcurrent protection module is reset.
  • the terminal R is connected to the external control signal; when the power switch tube 30 is short-circuited or over-current, the monitoring terminal D detects that a large current flows, the protection function is triggered to start, and the soft-shutdown function is simultaneously activated, and then provided.
  • the signal is output to the output terminal F, and the F terminal is quickly pulled low, so that the power switch tube is not damaged due to the short circuit/overcurrent spike being too high, and the input signal of the drive signal isolation module 202 is turned off by the external control signal; the abnormality at the monitoring end After the state signal is removed, the output terminal F will return to the high level, and the external control signal inputs a restart signal through the input terminal R of the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201, and restarts the input signal of the driving signal isolation unit 203 to enable the power.
  • the switch tube 30 returns to normal operation.
  • the input terminal D and the output terminal F and the input terminal R of the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201 Phase I isolation; the D terminal of the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201 is connected to the input end of the power switch tube 30 through an isolation diode D1; when a short circuit signal is detected, as shown in FIG.
  • the external control signal outputs a protection signal, a drive signal Shutdown, VDD1 is reduced from 5V to 0V, then the F terminal outputs a low level, the short circuit time ts is 1.5us, the soft turn-off time tf is 254nS, the bus voltage is 800V, the short-circuit spike is only about 870V; when the short-circuit signal is released
  • the restart signal is provided by the R terminal, and the drive signal is restarted.
  • the Miller clamp module 202 is directly connected to the control terminal of the power switch tube 30 through R5. The effect of the Miller platform on the driving voltage of the power switch tube 30 can be effectively eliminated.
  • the input terminal IN of the driving signal isolation unit 203 of the driving device 20 is isolated from the output terminal OUT of the driving signal isolation unit 203 by a magnetic isolation device.
  • the weak point signal of the driving input end can be effectively prevented from being interfered by the strong electric signal of the power end, and the safety of the actual operator can be greatly improved.
  • the over temperature protection module 204 is connected to a node between the driving signal isolation module 203 and the power switching tube 30 for selectively turning off the input of the isolated driving signal to the power switching tube according to the temperature of the driving device 20.
  • the over temperature protection module 204 includes a temperature detection unit and a drive signal shutdown unit.
  • the output of the overtemperature protection module 204 is directly connected to the READY, as shown in FIG.
  • the undervoltage protection module 205 is connected to a node between the driving signal isolation module 203 and the power switching transistor 30 for turning off the input of the isolated driving signal to the power switching transistor 30 when the input voltage is under voltage.
  • the VDD2 input voltage is too low, as shown in Figure 6, when VDD2 falls from +20V to 11.1V, the output makes the READY signal low and the drive signal input turns off; if the VDD2 voltage is higher than 11.5V, The READY signal returns to a high level, and the drive isolation module 203 re-receives the input of the drive signal.
  • the driving signal isolation module 203 is connected to the control end of the power switch tube 30 through an on/off resistor, and is connected to the input end of the power switch tube 30 through an isolation diode, and meters.
  • the clamp module 202 is directly connected to the control end of the power switch tube 30, and the drive signal isolation module 203 receives the drive signal through an external voltage signal input, and outputs a trigger signal to the power switch tube 30 according to the drive signal control signal output terminal to power
  • the switch tube is turned on or off to make the power switch tube work normally; and when the abnormal signal detected by the short circuit/overcurrent protection module 201, the undervoltage protection module 205 and the over temperature protection module 204 is detected, the signal is quickly transmitted and closed in time.
  • the input of the driving voltage signal protects the power switch tube, and when the abnormal state is eliminated, the restart signal is received, so that the power switch tube can automatically resume normal operation, thereby improving the working efficiency and high reliability of the power switch tube, and improving the product competition. Strive and low cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于功率开关管的驱动装置（20），包括：电压提供模块，用于提供功率开关管(30)所需的电压；驱动信号隔离模块（203），用于为该功率开关管提供隔离驱动信号；短路/过流保护模块（201），用于在该功率开关管短路或过流时关闭该功率开关管；米勒钳位模块（202），用于消除米勒效应；欠压保护模块（205），用于输入电压欠压时，关闭该隔离驱动信号对该功率开关管的输入；过温保护模块（204），用于根据该驱动装置温度选择性关闭该隔离驱动信号对该功率开关管的输入。该用于功率开关管的驱动装置具有如下优点：可以提高功率开关管的工作效率和安全性，且成本较低。

Description

用于功率开关管的驱动装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求深圳市鹏源电子有限公司于2017年09月13日提交的、专利名称为“用于功率开关管的驱动装置”的、中国专利申请号“201710823715.0”的优先权，以及要求深圳市鹏源电子有限公司于2017年09月13日提交的、专利名称为“用于功率开关管的驱动装置”的、中国专利申请号“201721181575.3”的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域，特别涉及一种用于功率开关管的驱动装置。
背景技术
SiC或GaN开关管作为一种宽禁代半导体器件，具有饱和电子漂移速度高、电场击穿强度高、介电常数低和热导率高等特性。SiC/GaN开关管具有阻断电压高、工作频率高且耐高温能力强，同时又具有通态电阻低和开关损耗小等特点，是高频高压场合功率密度提高和效率提高的应用趋势。
但是其装置要求必需具有以下特性：
1.为了适应高频率的使用要求，要求驱动装置具有瞬时的驱动大功率特性，即要求具有大的容性负载能力；
2.为了适应高电压应用使用要求，要求驱动装置具有高耐压能力并且具有超低的隔离电容，来减少高压总线部分对低压控制侧的干扰；
3.为了适应高速开关的使用要求，要求驱动装置具有非常快的反应速度，来提高在异常状态出现时保护开关管的安全性；
4.为了适应更高的功率密度设计，要求驱动装置具有可直接处理的米勒钳位功能，来简化PCB板的布局和简单的解决方案。
5.隔离驱动装置必须具有合适的驱动电压，即要求电源具有正负输出电压，并且正负输出电压不是对称输出特性。
因此，亟需一种满足上述特性的驱动装置。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的第一个目的旨在提出一种用于功率开关管的驱动装置，该驱动装 置可以提高功率开关管的工作效率和安全性，且成本较低。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种用于功率开关管的驱动装置，包括：电压提供模块，用于提供功率开关管所需的电压；驱动信号隔离模块，所述驱动信号隔离模块包括相互隔离的信号输入端和信号输出端，所述信号输入端用于接收外部驱动信号，所述信号输出端与所述功率开关管控制端相连，用于为所述功率开关管提供隔离驱动信号；短路/过流保护模块，与所述功率开关管的漏极相连，用于在所述功率开关管短路或过流时关闭所述功率开关管；米勒钳位模块，与所述功率开关管的驱动端相连，用于消除米勒效应；欠压保护模块，与所述驱动信号隔离模块和所述功率开关管之间的节点相连，用于输入电压欠压时，关闭所述隔离驱动信号对所述功率开关管的输入；以及过温保护模块，与所述驱动信号隔离模块和所述功率开关管之间的节点相连，用于根据所述驱动装置温度选择性关闭所述隔离驱动信号对所述功率开关管的输入。
进一步地，所述电压提供模块包括：DC-DC模块，所述DC-DC模块包括相互隔离的电压输入端和电压输出端，所述电压输入端与外部电压提供源相连，所述电压输出端与所述功率开关管相连，所述DC-DC模块用于将外部电压提供源的输入电压转换为所述功率开关管所需的电压。
进一步地，所述驱动信号隔离模块还包括：磁隔离装置，用于隔离所述信号输入端和所述信号输出端。
进一步地，所述短路/过流保护模块包括：短路/过流检测单元，用于检测所述功率开关管是否短路或者过流；软关断单元，用于在所述功率开关管短路或过流时关闭所述信号输入端的输入，以抑制所述开关管关闭高电压尖峰的产生；复位单元，用于在所述功率开关管短路或过流状态解除时接收外部输入的恢复信号，控制所述软关断单元停止关闭所述隔离驱动信号的输入。
进一步地，所述过温保护模块包括：温度检测单元，用于检测所述驱动装置的温度；驱动信号关闭单元，用于根据所述驱动装置温度选择性关闭所述隔离驱动信号对所述功率开关管的输入。
进一步地，所述功率开关管为碳化硅MOSFET或者氮化镓HEMT。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置具有以下优势：
本发明所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，驱动装置通过驱动电阻与功率开关管的控制端连接，功率开关管通过信号输出端接收开关关断信号，并在功率开关管短路或过流时，为短路/过流保护模块的输入单元提供关闭驱动信号输入，并启动软关断功能，使功率开关 管不会因为短路/过流尖峰过高而损坏，使功率开关管能正常工作并在短路/过流情况下保护功率开关管，同时，驱动装置还具备副边欠压保护功能和过温保护功能，加强保护，从而提高功率开关管工作效率和靠高性，提高了产品竞争力，且成本较低。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据本实用新型实施例的驱动装置的结构意图；
图2是根据本实用新型一个实施例的驱动装置的方框示意图；
图3是根据本实用新型另一个实施例的驱动装置的方框示意图；
图4-1是根据本实用新型一个具体实施例的驱动装置的输出开通时间波形示意图；
图4-2是根据本实用新型一个具体实施例的驱动装置的输出关断时间波形示意图；
图5是根据本实用新型一个具体实施例的短路保护时的波形示意图；
图6是根据本实用新型一个具体实施例的欠压保护时的波形示意图；
图7-1是根据本实用新型一个具体实施例的过温度保护时的波形示意图；以及
图7-2是根据本实用新型一个具体实施例的温度保护时的热像仪测试图。
附图标记：
DC-DC模块10、驱动装置20、功率开关管30；短路/过流保护模块201、米勒钳位模块202、驱动信号隔离模块203、过温保护模块204、欠压保护模块205。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
图1是本发明一个实施例的用于功率开关管的驱动装置的结构框图。如图1所示，本发明实施例的用于功率开关管的驱动装置20，包括：电压提供模块、短路/过流保护模块201、米勒钳位模块202、驱动信号隔离模块203、过温保护模块204和欠压保护模块205。
其中，电压提供模块用于提供功率开关管所需的电压。在本发明的一个实施例中，电压提供模块包括：DC-DC模块，DC-DC模块包括相互隔离的电压输入端和电压输出端，电压输入端与外部电压提供源相连，电压输出端与功率开关管相连，DC-DC模块10将输入端的电压信号转化为合适的隔离电压VDD2，提供给驱动装置副边可用的电压信号，并提供了正负电压给功率开关管的控制端。其中，DC-DC模块10可包含在驱动装置20里面，或如图2所示由另外的隔离电压提供给驱动装置20的副边提供VDD2和功率开关管30的控制端的正负输入电压。
驱动装置20可与外部电压输入直接相连，并通过电源(例如LDO)给驱动装置20原边提供合适的VDD1和REDAY信号，并提供给短路/过流保护模块的F端、R端高电平，使得驱动装置20的原边可以正常接收外部驱动信号的输入；驱动装置20的IN端接收到驱动电压信号ON/OFF的驱动信号，则驱动装置20的驱动信号隔离模块203的信号输出端OUT输出触发信号至功率开关管30的控制端G，并由DC-DC模块10提供+20V给到Ron、-4V给到Roff以驱动功率开关管30开通或关断，使功率开关管30进入正常的工作状态。如图4-1和图4-2所示，在驱动装置输出on/off信号后，电路中的参数按照图示曲线发生变化，其中，开通上升时间tr为20ns，关断下降时间tf为18ns。
短路/过流保护模块201与功率开关管30的漏极相连，用于在功率开关管短路或过流时关闭功率开关管。
在本发明的一个实施例中，短路/过流保护模块201包括：短路/过流检测单元、软关断单元和复位单元。其中，短路/过流检测单元用于检测功率开关管是否短路或者过流。软关断单元用于在功率开关管短路或过流时关闭信号输入端的输入，以抑制所述开关管关闭高电压尖峰的产生。复位单元用于在功率开关管30短路或过流状态解除时接收外部输入的恢复信号，控制软关断单元停止关闭隔离驱动信号的输入。
具体地，短路/过流保护模块201监控端D通过D1与功率开关管30的输入端相连，短路/过流保护模块201的信号输出端与输出端F相连，短路/过流保护模块的复位端R与外部控制信号相连；当功率开关管30出现短路或过流信号时，监控端D会检测到极大的电流流过，保护功能被触发启动，并同时启动软关断功能，然后提供信号到输出端F，F端迅速拉低电平，使功率开关管不会因为短路/过流尖峰过高而损坏，并通过外部控制信号关闭驱动信号隔离模块202的输入信号；在监控端的异常状态信号消除后，输出端F将恢复到高电平，外部控制信号通过短路/过流保护模块201的输入端R输入一个重启的信号，重新启动驱动信号隔离单元203的输入信号，以使功率开关管30回复正常工作状态。
在本发明的一个实施例中，短路/过流保护模块201的输入端D与输出端F、输入端R 相隔离；短路/过流保护模块201的D端通过一个隔离二极管D1与功率开关管30的输入端相连；当检测到短路信号时，如图5所示，外部控制信号输出保护信号，驱动信号关断，VDD1由5V降低到0V，则F端输出低电平，短路时间ts为1.5us，软关断时间tf为254nS，母线电压为800V，短路尖峰只有870V左右；当短路信号放开时，由R端提供重启信号，驱动信号重新启动。
米勒钳位模块202直接通过R5与功率开关管30的控制端直接相连。能有效的消除米勒平台对功率开关管30驱动电压的影响。
如图3所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，驱动装置20的驱动信号隔离单元203的输入端IN与驱动信号隔离单元203的输出端OUT通过磁隔离装置相隔离。这样，既能有效的避免驱动输入端的弱点信号受到功率端的强电信号的干扰，也能极大的提高了实际操作人员的安全。
过温保护模块204与驱动信号隔离模块203和功率开关管30之间的节点相连，用于根据驱动装置20温度选择性关闭隔离驱动信号对功率开关管的输入。在本发明的一个实施例中，过温保护模块204包括：温度检测单元和驱动信号关闭单元。在本发明的一个示例中，过温保护模块204输出端与READY直接相连，如图7-2所示，使用红外热像仪测试实例中的驱动装置，当驱动装置20的温度高于155℃时，如图7-1波形图所示，输出端拉低READY信号并关闭驱动信号的输入；如驱动装置20的温度低于125℃时，READY信号将回复高电平，重新接收驱动信号的输入。
欠压保护模块205与驱动信号隔离模块203和功率开关管30之间的节点相连，用于输入电压欠压时，关闭隔离驱动信号对功率开关管30的输入。当发生VDD2输入电压过低时，如图6所示，VDD2由+20V掉到11.1V时，输出端使READY信号变为低电平，驱动信号输入关闭；如VDD2电压高于11.5V,则READY信号恢复高电平，驱动隔离模块203重新接收驱动信号的输入。
根据本发明实施例的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，驱动信号隔离模块203通过on/off电阻与功率开关管30的控制端连接，通过隔离二极管与功率开关管30的输入端相连，并且米勒钳位模块202直接与功率开关管30的控制端直接相连，驱动信号隔离模块203通过外部电压信号输入接收驱动信号，并根据驱动信号控制信号输出端输出触发信号至功率开关管30，以功率开关管开通或关断，以使功率开关管正常工作；并通过短路/过流保护模块201、欠压保护模块205和过温保护模块204检测到的异常信号时，快速传递信号，及时的关闭驱动电压信号的输入，保护功率开关管，并在异常状态消除时，接收重启信号，使功率开关管能自动的回复正常工作，从而提高功率开关管工作效率和靠高性，提高了产品竞 争力，且成本较低。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于功率开关管的驱动装置，其特征在于，包括：
    电压提供模块，用于提供功率开关管所需的电压；
    驱动信号隔离模块，所述驱动信号隔离模块包括相互隔离的信号输入端和信号输出端，所述信号输入端用于接收外部驱动信号，所述信号输出端与所述功率开关管控制端相连，用于为所述功率开关管提供隔离驱动信号；
    短路/过流保护模块，与所述功率开关管的漏极相连，用于在所述功率开关管短路或过流时关闭所述功率开关管；
    米勒钳位模块，与所述功率开关管的驱动端相连，用于消除米勒效应；
    欠压保护模块，与所述驱动信号隔离模块和所述功率开关管之间的节点相连，用于输入电压欠压时，关闭所述隔离驱动信号对所述功率开关管的输入；以及
    过温保护模块，与所述驱动信号隔离模块和所述功率开关管之间的节点相连，用于根据所述驱动装置温度选择性关闭所述隔离驱动信号对所述功率开关管的输入。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述电压提供模块包括：
    DC-DC模块，所述DC-DC模块包括相互隔离的电压输入端和电压输出端，所述电压输入端与外部电压提供源相连，所述电压输出端与所述功率开关管相连，所述DC-DC模块用于将外部电压提供源的输入电压转换为所述功率开关管所需的电压。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驱动信号隔离模块还包括：
    磁隔离装置，用于隔离所述信号输入端和所述信号输出端。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述短路/过流保护模块包括：
    短路/过流检测单元，用于检测所述功率开关管是否短路/过流；
    软关断单元，用于在所述功率开关管短路或过流时关闭所述信号输入端的输入，以抑制所述开关管关闭高电压尖峰的产生；
    复位单元，用于在所述功率开关管短路或过流状态解除时接收外部输入的恢复信号，控制所述软关断单元停止关闭所述隔离驱动信号的输入。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述过温保护模块包括：
    温度检测单元，用于检测所述驱动装置的温度；
    驱动信号关闭单元，用于根据所述驱动装置温度选择性关闭所述隔离驱动信号对所述功率开关管的输入。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的用于功率开关管的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述功率开关管为碳化硅MOSFET或者氮化镓HEMT。
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