WO2018124789A1

WO2018124789A1 - Heat pump for automobile

Info

Publication number: WO2018124789A1
Application number: PCT/KR2017/015687
Authority: WO
Inventors: 김종원; 장호영; 최준호
Original assignee: 이래오토모티브시스템 주식회사
Priority date: 2016-12-29
Filing date: 2017-12-28
Publication date: 2018-07-05
Also published as: KR101811762B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat pump for an automobile, and more specifically, the present invention is an invention relating to a heat pump for an automobile, comprising dual loops including a refrigerant loop and a cooling water loop, and performing air conditioning/heating/defrosting/dehumidifying operations by means of the dual loops being linked to each other. An embodiment of the present invention provides a heat pump for an automobile, which comprises dual loops by further comprising: a first fluid line through which a first fluid flows; a compressor for compressing and discharging the first fluid; an inner heat exchanger allowing a heat exchange between the first fluid and air in the interior of a vehicle; an outer heat exchanger allowing a heat exchange between the first fluid and outside air; a first expansion means disposed on the first fluid line between the inner heat exchanger and the outer heat exchanger, and provided to allow the first fluid to expand; a second expansion means disposed on the first fluid line, and provided to allow the first fluid, which has passed through the outer heat exchanger, to expand; an accumulator for introducing the gas-phase refrigerant, of liquid-phase and gas-phase refrigerants in the first fluid line which have passed through the second expansion means, into the compressor; a third heat exchanger disposed on the first fluid line between the second expansion means and the accumulator, and allowing a heat exchange with a second fluid; and a second fluid line connected to the third heat exchanger.

Description

Automotive Heat Pump

The present invention relates to a heat pump for an automobile, and more particularly, to a heat pump for an automobile, which is configured as a double loop including a refrigerant loop and a coolant loop, and performs cooling / heating / defrost / dehumidification operation by interworking with each other as a double loop. Invention.

In recent years, with the global environmental problem and the request for improvement of the atmospheric environment, there is a growing demand for the introduction of automobiles or low-pollution vehicles using alternative energy as a power source.

As an alternative energy vehicle, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle that uses an electric motor and an engine as a driving source has attracted attention.

In the case of general internal combustion engines using gasoline or diesel as a raw material, the heating operation can be performed by using a heat source from the internal combustion engine. However, in the case of electric vehicles, the engine or cooling water is not provided as a heating source, so it has to rely on batteries. At the technology development level up to now, there is a technical difficulty that the mileage of the vehicle is drastically reduced when the battery is heated. Even in hybrid cars, there is a motor driving mode in which the engine is stopped and the vehicle is driven only by an electric motor. In this section, only a battery capacity is required. Therefore, a sufficient heat source may not be obtained as in an electric vehicle. In conclusion, if the air conditioner mounted on a vehicle using a general engine is applied to an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle as it is, there is a problem in that it is not sufficiently provided with a heat source during heating operation or a compressor driving power during cooling operation.

In order to perform air-conditioning on an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, it is necessary to overcome the limitations of the conventional air-conditioning system. As a way of overcoming the problem, a heat pump mainly used as a household air-conditioning system is applied to an automobile. A method of application has been proposed.

The heat pump is to absorb the heat of low temperature to move the absorbed heat to high temperature. An example heat pump has a cycle in which a liquid refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator, takes heat away from the surroundings, becomes a gas, and again liquefies while releasing heat to the surroundings by the condenser. When applied to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, there is an advantage that can secure a heat source lacking in the conventional general air conditioning apparatus.

Of course, there have been attempts to apply heat pumps to automobiles in the past.

Referring to Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-2000-0063254, a hot water heater installed on a downstream side of an air circulation unit as a heat pump and circulated with cooling water of an engine, and installed upstream of an air circulation unit, is installed outside the air circulation unit. An indoor heat exchanger that forms a refrigerant cycle together with a compressor and a condenser installed in the air, a first bypass line for bypassing the refrigerant discharged from the compressor during heating operation, and an external air circulation unit installed outside the hot water heater. A double tube heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the coolant of the engine and the refrigerant from the indoor heat exchanger, the first electronic expansion valve installed at the refrigerant inlet side of the indoor heat exchanger, and the second electron installed at the refrigerant inlet side of the double tube heat exchanger. A heat pump having an expansion valve and control means for controlling the opening degree of the first electromagnetic expansion valve and the second electromagnetic expansion valve is disclosed. It was.

In addition, referring to Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1669826, a compressor is installed on a refrigerant circulation line to compress and discharge a refrigerant, and is installed inside an air conditioning case to exchange heat between the air in the air conditioning case and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor. An indoor heat exchanger, an evaporator installed inside the air conditioning case to exchange heat between the air in the air conditioning case and the refrigerant supplied to the compressor, and an outdoor heat exchanger installed outside the air conditioning case to heat the refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant circulation line. A first expansion means installed on the refrigerant circulation line between the heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger to expand the refrigerant, and second expansion means installed on the refrigerant circulation line at the inlet side of the evaporator to expand the refrigerant; And connect the refrigerant circulation line of the inlet side of the second expansion means with the refrigerant circulation line of the outlet side of the evaporator. And a bypass line for allowing the refrigerant to bypass the second expansion means and the evaporator in the heat pump mode, wherein the refrigerant circulation line is configured to perform in-vehicle dehumidification in the heat pump mode. A dehumidification line is provided for supplying a part of the refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant circulation line to the evaporator side, wherein the dehumidification line connects the outlet refrigerant circulation line of the first expansion means and the inlet refrigerant circulation line of the evaporator. And a heat pump system for a vehicle, which is installed to pass a portion of the refrigerant passing through the first expansion means and before being introduced into the outdoor heat exchanger to the evaporator side.

According to these prior art vehicle heat pumps, there is an advantage that it is possible to optimally control the cooling and heating, and also to perform a smooth dehumidification in the interior of the vehicle, but all of these inventions have various modes such as cooling / heating / dehumidification. Many bypass lines and valves are configured to operate to form a very complex system. In addition, the external heat exchanger can be easily implanted in an environment where the outside air temperature is extremely low (for example, in winter). In order to remove this, there are many methods of removing using a complicated refrigerant defrost loop including a bypass line.

In the case of constructing many bypass lines and valves as in the prior art, the assembly and manufacturing process of the heat pump system is complicated, and the pressure drop amount of the refrigerant increases along the complicated line, resulting in a problem of deterioration of efficiency. There is also a problem that the refrigerant loop control for each operation mode is complicated. As a result, there is a controversy over whether the utility of the heat pump system is useful, as the disadvantages of control complexity and cost increase are not comparable.

As long as there is a limit to a vehicle battery, it is obvious that a retrofit of a conventional air conditioner or development of a new concept air conditioner is required.

In line with the development of alternative energy, which is the trend of the times, there is a need to develop a new air conditioner suitable for an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

In addition, there is a need to simply configure the air conditioning system to keep up with the trend of compact and downsizing of automotive equipment and components to improve fuel efficiency of the automobile.

In order to meet these demands, the present invention is a heat pump system which eliminates unnecessary bypass lines and deviates from the structural and control complexity of the prior art heat pump system. To provide a heat pump system constituting a loop.

According to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems, a first fluid line through which the first fluid flows; A compressor for compressing and discharging the first fluid; An internal heat exchanger for exchanging the first fluid with air in the vehicle compartment; An external heat exchanger for exchanging the first fluid with outside air; First expansion means disposed on a first fluid line between the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger and provided to expand the first fluid; A second expansion means disposed on a first fluid line and provided to expand the first fluid passing through the external heat exchanger; An accumulator for introducing a refrigerant of a gaseous phase into the compressor of a liquid phase and a gaseous phase refrigerant on the first fluid line passing through the second expansion means; A third heat exchanger disposed on a first fluid line between the second expansion means and the accumulator and capable of heat exchange with the second fluid; And a second fluid line connected to the third heat exchanger, constituting a double loop (Secondary-loop), wherein the second fluid line is connected to a cabin cooler that exchanges heat with air in the cabin. Provide a heat pump.

According to an embodiment, the heat pump is used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

According to one embodiment, the first fluid may correspond to a refrigerant, and the second fluid may correspond to a cooling water.

According to one embodiment, the second fluid line may be connected to a cabin cooler for exchanging heat with air in the vehicle compartment and an electric field waste heat recovery part for exchanging heat with the electrical equipment.

According to one embodiment, on the second fluid line, a first opening and closing valve for opening and closing the flow to the cabin cooler and a second opening and closing valve for opening and closing the flow to the electric field waste heat recovery unit may be provided.

According to an embodiment, the second fluid line recovers electric waste heat from heating, and transfers heat to the third heat exchanger.

According to an embodiment, when the second fluid line requires more heat sources than the heating, the second fluid line recovers the electric field waste heat and the cabin waste heat, and transfers heat to the third heat exchanger.

Furthermore, the heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a direction switching valve for switching the flow direction of the first fluid discharged from the compressor.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, the compressor, the direction switching valve, the internal heat exchanger, the first expansion means, the external heat exchanger, the second expansion means, the third heat exchanger, and the accumulator are sequentially disposed on the first fluid line through which the first fluid flows. And a first open / close valve and a cabin cooler are disposed in the first branch line of the second fluid line through which the second fluid flows, and a second open / close valve and the electric field waste heat recovery unit are disposed in the second branch line. Loop type) As a method of operating a heat pump for an automobile, the cabin cooler is located inside an air conditioning case and operated to serve as an evaporator during cooling or dehumidification-heating, and connects the flows of the first fluid and the second fluid to each other. Also disclosed is a method of operating a heat pump for a vehicle, characterized in that to perform a cooling / heating operation.

Here, the heat pump operating method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a cooling operation method, wherein the first fluid is a compressor, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a compressor. The first expansion means is completely opened, and the second fluid may be passed in the order of the third heat exchanger, the cabin cooler, and the third heat exchanger.

In the heating operation method, the first fluid is passed through a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a compressor, and the second expansion means is completely opened. The second fluid may be passed through the third heat exchanger, the electric field waste heat recovery unit, and the third heat exchanger in this order.

In the defrosting operation method, the first fluid is passed through a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a compressor, and the first expansion means is completely opened. The second fluid may be passed through the third heat exchanger, the electric field waste heat recovery unit, and the third heat exchanger in this order.

In the heating-dehumidifying operation method, the first fluid is passed through a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a compressor, in which the second expansion means is completed. The second fluid may be passed through the third heat exchanger, the cabin cooler, and the third heat exchanger in that order.

In the present invention, the invention to minimize the bypass line of the heat pump system has been proposed.

In the conventional heat pump system, the assembly and manufacturing process for the heat pump mode driving is complicated, the pressure drop amount of the refrigerant increases, and the refrigerant loop control for each operation mode is difficult. In particular, when the outside temperature is low temperature, the external heat exchanger has a problem that frost is formed, in the conventional heat pump system to remove it through the defrost operation using a complicated refrigerant loop to remove it. For example, the existing technology allows the medium and high pressure refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger to form a bypass line to the chiller (third heat exchanger) without passing through the expansion valve and the external heat exchanger.

However, the present invention proposes a heat pump system having a simpler structure than a conventional heat pump system, having a short refrigerant loop length, and an excellent defrosting efficiency in view of defrost efficiency. By eliminating the bypass line, it has a cost advantage to reduce the cost, has a technical advantage of reducing the pressure drop due to the short refrigerant loop length, and circulates to the external heat exchanger at a medium temperature and high pressure without expanding the refrigerant past the internal heat exchanger. The defrosting performance can be improved and the defrosting time can be shortened. In addition, there is an advantage that can prevent the phenomenon that the heating performance is reduced during the defrost operation.

From the control point of view, the present invention is a double loop system, and thus temperature control can be individually performed for each loop, which has advantages in terms of system stability, and in terms of system failure diagnosis, it is possible to perform individual diagnosis for each loop in case of an error in the system. There is an advantage.

1 is a view showing a refrigerant and a cooling water circulation path in a cooling operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump system having a double loop according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a circulation path of a coolant and a coolant in a heating operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump system having a double loop according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a view illustrating a circulation path of a coolant and a coolant in a defrosting operation mode in a heat pump system having a double loop according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a diagram illustrating a refrigerant and cooling water circulation path in a heating-dehumidifying operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump having a double loop according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a first fluid line through which the first fluid flows; A compressor for compressing and discharging the first fluid; An internal heat exchanger for exchanging the first fluid with air in the vehicle compartment; An external heat exchanger for exchanging the first fluid with outside air; First expansion means disposed on a first fluid line between the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger and provided to expand the first fluid; A second expansion means disposed on a first fluid line and provided to expand the first fluid passing through the external heat exchanger; An accumulator for introducing a refrigerant of a gaseous phase into the compressor of a liquid phase and a gaseous phase refrigerant on the first fluid line passing through the second expansion means; A third heat exchanger disposed on a first fluid line between the second expansion means and the accumulator and capable of heat exchange with the second fluid; And a second fluid line connected to the third heat exchanger to constitute a double loop, wherein the second fluid line is located inside the air conditioning case and serves as an evaporator during cooling or dehumidification-heating. It provides a heat pump for an automobile characterized in that it is connected to the cabin cooler for heat exchange with the air therein.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the 'heat pump for an automobile' of the present invention. The described embodiments are provided to enable those skilled in the art to easily understand the technical spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the matters represented in the accompanying drawings may be different from the form actually embodied in the schematic drawings in order to easily explain the embodiments of the present invention.

The expression 'comprising' certain components merely refers to the presence of the components as an 'open' expression, and should not be understood as excluding additional components.

Further, when a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it should be understood that there may be a direct connection or connection to that other component, but there may be other components in between.

In addition, an expression such as 'first' and 'second' is used only for distinguishing a plurality of components, and does not limit the order or other features between the components.

With reference to Figures 1 to 4 will be described for the automotive heat pump system and heat pump operating method of the present invention.

1 is a view showing a refrigerant and a cooling water circulation path in a cooling operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump system having a double loop according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a circulation path of a coolant and a coolant in a heating operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump system having a double loop according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a view illustrating a circulation path of a coolant and a coolant in a defrosting operation mode in a heat pump system having a double loop according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a view illustrating a refrigerant and cooling water circulation path in a dehumidification-heating operation mode in the configuration of a heat pump system having a double loop according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, the configuration of a heat pump for an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows. It consists of two loops as a whole, consisting of components on the first fluid line through which the first fluid flows and components on the second fluid line through which the second fluid flows. When the vehicle of the present invention is an electric vehicle, the first fluid and the second fluid may preferably mean different refrigerants, and in the case of a hybrid vehicle, the first fluid is a refrigerant and the second fluid is a refrigerant different from the first fluid. Or cooling water. More preferably, the first fluid may be a refrigerant provided for air conditioning in the vehicle interior, and the second fluid may be a cooling water line flowing inside the vehicle through a water pump.

The heat pump system of the present invention may be applied to an electric vehicle driven only by a battery without an internal combustion engine using fossil fuel, and a hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and a battery at the same time. When the heat pump system of the present invention is applied to the electric vehicle according to an embodiment, since the cooling water line for cooling the engine is not configured separately, the second fluid is preferably a coolant rather than a cooling water.

Specifically, the automotive heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first fluid line through which the first fluid flows; A compressor (COMP) for compressing and discharging the first fluid; An internal heat exchanger (110) for exchanging the first fluid with air in the vehicle compartment; An external heat exchanger (120) for exchanging the first fluid with outside air; First expansion means (220) disposed on a first fluid line between the internal heat exchanger (110) and the external heat exchanger (120) and provided to expand the first fluid; A second expansion means (230) disposed on the first fluid line and provided to expand the first fluid passing through the external heat exchanger (120); An accumulator (ACC) for introducing a gaseous refrigerant from the liquid phase and the gaseous refrigerant on the first fluid line passing through the second expansion means 230 into the compressor; A third heat exchanger (130) disposed on a first fluid line between the second expansion means (230) and the accumulator (ACC) and capable of heat exchange with the second fluid; And a second fluid line connected to the third heat exchanger 130 to constitute a double loop.

In addition, the second fluid line may be connected to a cabin cooler 140 that exchanges heat with air in the vehicle compartment, and may be connected to an electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 that exchanges heat with an electrical appliance. On the second fluid line, a cabin cooler ( A first opening / closing valve 240 for opening / closing (or intermitting) the flow to 140 and a second opening / closing valve 250 for opening / closing (or intermitting) the flow to the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 may be provided.

In addition, the heat pump of the present invention may further include a direction switching valve 210 for switching the flow direction of the first fluid discharged from the compressor (COMP).

1, the compressor (COMP), the direction switching valve 210, the internal heat exchanger 110, the first expansion means 220, the external heat exchanger 120, the second expansion means 230, on the first fluid line, The first fluid part 131 and the accumulator (ACC) of the third heat exchanger 130 are provided, and the second fluid part 132 of the third heat exchanger 130, the pump, The first opening and closing valve 240, the cabin cooler 140, the second opening and closing valve 250, the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 is provided.

The direction switching valve 210 provided on the first fluid line supplies the first fluid discharged from the compressor COMP to the internal heat exchanger 110 side according to the mode of the vehicle or does not pass through the internal heat exchanger 110. It is supplied directly to the heat exchanger (120). For this purpose, the direction switching valve 210 may be made of a 3-way valve. When the direction change valve 210 is a 3-way valve, an operation of supplying the first fluid to the external heat exchanger 120 and an operation of supplying the first fluid to the internal heat exchanger 110 may be selectively performed.

Here, a pressure sensor (not shown) may be mounted on the first fluid line connecting the compressor COMP and the direction switching valve 210 to detect the pressure of the refrigerant discharged in a compressed state from the compressor COMP. . The first fluid flowing on the first fluid line flows in one direction without any other path change except for changing the flow path by the direction switching valve 210.

The first expansion means 220 and the second expansion means 230 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be an electronic expansion means formed to selectively open the refrigerant line (full open). The opening amount of the refrigerant line can be freely adjusted according to the input of the user or the controller. The opening amount is determined according to the pipe shape, which is different from the mechanical expansion means in which the pressure in the refrigerant line cannot be freely adjusted.

The cabin cooler 140 and the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 provided on the second fluid line are configured in parallel and are formed by the selective opening and closing operation of the first opening / closing valve 240 and the second opening / closing valve 250. Two fluids may selectively flow to the cabin cooler 140 and the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150. However, in some cases, the first opening / closing valve 240 and the second opening / closing valve 250 may be simultaneously opened, and the second fluid may flow simultaneously to the cabin cooler 140 and the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150. That is, the temperature of the second fluid can be changed by selectively using the waste heat source generated from the electrical equipment. The electrical equipment connected to the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 may refer to a product capable of generating heat such as a motor (M), an inverter, a converter, a battery, and the like.

The third heat exchanger 130 may be divided into a first fluid side part 131 and a second fluid side part 132. The third heat exchanger 130 meets two different fluids and transfers heat energy of each fluid. Since the third heat exchanger 130 does not have a separate heat providing means, the third heat exchanger 130 according to the third law of thermodynamics Heat will be transferred from the hotter fluid to the cold one. The fluids encountered in the third heat exchanger 130 are configured not to be mixed with each other, and for this purpose, the shape of the third heat exchanger 130 is preferably formed in a shape such as a chiller widely used as a cooler.

The role of the second fluid line is to cool the cabin by cooling the cabin cooler 140 by moving the heat of the hot second fluid to the relatively cold first fluid side through the third heat exchanger 130 during cooling, When heating, the electric field waste heat is recovered and serves to transfer heat to the first fluid side through the third heat exchanger 130. In the case of high heating, that is, when more heat sources are required than the heating, electric field waste heat and cabin The heat of the side may be recovered together and transferred to the third heat exchanger 130.

Hereinafter, the operation method of the automotive heat pump of the present invention will be described in more detail.

According to the operating method of the automotive heat pump of the present invention, the compressor (COMP), the direction switching valve 210, the internal heat exchanger 110, the first expansion means 220, on the first fluid line through which the first fluid flows; The external heat exchanger 120, the second expansion means 230, the third heat exchanger 130, and the accumulator (ACC) are sequentially disposed, and the first heat exchanger 120 is formed in the first branch line of the second fluid line through which the second fluid flows. Second open-loop valve 240 and cabin cooler 140 is disposed, the second open-circuit valve (Secondary-loop type) for the second open and close valve 250 and the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 is disposed An operating method of a heat pump is characterized in that the cooling, heating, defrosting or heating-dehumidifying operation is selectively performed by connecting the flows of the first fluid and the second fluid to each other.

The cooling mode, heating mode, defrost mode, dehumidification-heating mode on / off, switching and temperature control of the present invention can be automatically adjusted and operated by the user's selection or by the controller of the vehicle. Here, the controller may mean a conventional vehicle control unit (VCU) provided in a vehicle.

The controller senses the pressure information of the first fluid received through the pressure sensor (not shown), the pressure information of the second fluid, and the temperature of the first fluid and the second fluid received through the temperature sensor (not shown). In each of the air conditioning modes described in the valve driving the compressor, it is to adjust the opening degree of each expansion means and the opening and closing valves. In addition, the controller may serve to adjust the flow rate of the water pump according to the air conditioning mode of the vehicle and the temperature state of the waste heat source of the electrical appliance, or may control the air volume of the opening and closing door and the blowing fan.

First, the cooling operation mode will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

As the cooling operation method, the first fluid is supplied to a compressor (COMP), a first expansion means 220, an external heat exchanger 120, a second expansion means 230, a third heat exchanger 130, and an accumulator (ACC). In order to pass through the compressor (COMP), the first expansion means 220 is full open, the second fluid is the third heat exchanger 130, the cabin cooler 140 again the third heat exchanger (130) It is characterized by passing in order.

Here, the path to the internal heat exchanger 110 side of the direction switching valve 210 is closed and only the path directly connected to the external heat exchanger 120 side is opened. Therefore, the first fluid of high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase discharged from the compressor COMP passes directly through the first expansion means 220 to the external heat exchanger 120.

At this time, the first expansion means 220 is fully open to minimize the pressure drop and the state change of the first fluid. Therefore, the first fluid of the high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase discharged from the compressor COMP passes through the first expansion means 220 as it is, and then condenses as it exchanges heat with cold air in the external heat exchanger 120. The first fluid in the gas phase is converted into the first fluid in the liquid phase.

Subsequently, the first fluid that has passed through the external heat exchanger 120 is expanded under reduced pressure in the course of passing through the second expansion means 230 to become the first fluid of low temperature and low pressure, and then the third heat exchanger 130. Inflow to the side.

The low temperature low pressure liquid first fluid introduced into the third heat exchanger 130 may exchange heat with the second fluid on the second fluid line. At this time, the first fluid in the third heat exchanger 130 evaporates while exchanging heat with the second fluid and simultaneously cools the second fluid by an endothermic action by evaporative latent heat, whereby the cooled second fluid is a cabin cooler. Cooling is achieved by cooling the air supplied to the 140 and supplied by the blowing fan 11 there. In this process, the door 12 closes the air flow of the internal heat exchanger 110 and flows into the air conditioning case and meets the cabin cooler 140 to immediately discharge the cool air into the cabin.

Thereafter, the first fluid mixed with the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous phase and the liquid phase passed through the third heat exchanger 130 passes through the accumulator and flows back into the compressor COMP to cycle the cycle. The accumulator (ACC) separates the liquid refrigerant and the gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant supplied to the compressor COMP so that only the gaseous refrigerant may be supplied to the compressor COMP.

That is, in the cooling mode, the first fluid is discharged from the compressor, passed through the first opening means 220 completely opened, condensation in the external heat exchanger 120, and expansion under reduced pressure in the second expansion means 230. After the evaporation process is sequentially performed in the third heat exchanger 130, the second fluid meets air in the state where the heat is deprived by the first fluid to cool the inside of the vehicle compartment.

Referring to Figure 2, the heating operation mode will be described.

In the heating operation method, the first fluid is a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a first expansion means 220, an external heat exchanger 120, a second expansion means 230, and a third heat exchanger 130. ), Accumulator (ACC), compressor (COMP) in order to pass, the second expansion means 230 is full open (Full Open), the second fluid is the third heat exchanger (130), electric field waste heat recovery unit (150), the third heat exchanger (130) in order to pass through.

Here, the path to the internal heat exchanger 110 side of the direction switching valve 210 is opened and the path directly connected to the external heat exchanger 120 side is closed. Therefore, the first fluid of high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase discharged from the compressor flows into the internal heat exchanger 110.

The first fluid of the high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase introduced into the internal heat exchanger 110 is condensed while exchanging heat with the air blown into the air conditioning case through the blower fan 11 to convert the first fluid in the gaseous phase into the first liquid in the liquid phase. do. The air passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 is changed to warm air and then supplied to the vehicle interior to heat the interior of the vehicle compartment.

The first fluid passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 is expanded under reduced pressure while passing through the first expansion means 220 to become a low pressure liquid first fluid, and then supplied to the external heat exchanger 120 serving as an evaporator. The first fluid supplied to the external heat exchanger 120 is a low temperature, low pressure gaseous phase and liquid phase mixer and is introduced into the accumulator (ACC) side through the third heat exchanger.

At this time, the second expansion means 230 is fully open and does not affect the state change of the first fluid.

The first fluid introduced into the third heat exchanger 130 may exchange heat with the second fluid on the second fluid line. Here, the heat exchange may be selectively performed. The heat exchange may be performed in such a manner that the first fluid receives heat from the second fluid when the temperature of the refrigerant is further increased to improve heating performance. For example, when the outdoor temperature is a low temperature below a predetermined temperature (for example, −10 ° C.), operation in which waste heat is actively supplied from the second fluid together with heating performance by the first fluid flow on the first fluid line. By performing the mode (high heating mode), the heating load required for the vehicle can be satisfied.

In this case, the first fluid in the third heat exchanger 130 may receive heat from the second fluid while heat-exchanging with the second fluid. The second fluid serves to recover the electric field waste heat and supply heat to the first fluid through the third heat exchanger. To this end, the first opening and closing valve 240 on the second fluid line is closed to block the flow of the second fluid on the cabin cooler 140 side, and the second opening and closing valve 250 is opened to the electric field waste heat recovery part 150. The second fluid can flow only to the side.

As a result, the first fluid having a relatively low temperature, low pressure, and a gaseous phase and a liquid phase when the liquid is introduced into the third heat exchanger 130 becomes a first fluid having a relatively high temperature, low pressure, a gas phase and a liquid phase, and accumulator (ACC). Inflow to the side. This action, in turn, increases the efficiency of the compressor (COMP) to increase the heating efficiency.

In this process, the door 12 opens the air flow on the internal heat exchanger 110 side, flows into the air conditioning case, meets the internal heat exchanger, and discharges the heated air into the cabin.

That is, in the heating mode, the first fluid is discharged from the compressor, condensed in the internal heat exchanger 110, expanded under reduced pressure in the first expansion means 220, evaporated in the external heat exchanger 120, and completely opened. Passing through the two expansion means 230 as it is, and undergoes a selective heat exchange process in the third heat exchanger (130) sequentially. And the second fluid serves to provide electric field waste heat to the first fluid.

Referring to FIG. 3, the defrosting operation mode will be described.

As the defrosting method, the first fluid is a compressor (COMP), the internal heat exchanger 110, the first expansion means 220, the external heat exchanger 120, the second expansion means 230, the third heat exchanger 130 ), Accumulator (ACC), compressor (COMP) in order to pass, the first expansion means 220 is full open (Full Open), the second fluid is the third heat exchanger (130), electric field waste heat recovery unit (150), the third heat exchanger (130) in order to pass through.

If the outdoor air is very cold in the above-described heating operation mode, a problem may occur that frost is formed on the surface by the endothermic action of the external heat exchanger 120. If the defrost mode shown in FIG. Can be prevented in advance or the frost formed can be removed.

The first fluid of the high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase introduced into the internal heat exchanger 110 is partially condensed while exchanging heat with the air blown into the air conditioning case through the blower fan 11 to convert the first fluid of the gaseous phase into the liquid first fluid. Can be converted.

Subsequently, the first expansion means 220 positioned on the path through which the first fluid flows is full open to minimize the pressure drop and the change of state of the first fluid. The first fluid passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 may be condensed once again while exchanging heat with the outside air in the external heat exchanger 120.

At this time, since the first fluid maintains a high temperature of heat when discharged from the compressor (COMP), it is possible to prevent frost frost from the external heat exchanger 120, or to remove frost formed. In other words, the defrosting ability is improved by circulating the refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 to the external heat exchanger 120 at a medium temperature and high pressure without expanding the refrigerant. Instead of going through a separate bypass line for defrosting, the defrosting effect can be shortened by exerting a defrosting effect through simple valve operation.

The first fluid passing through the external heat exchanger 120 is expanded under reduced pressure while passing through the second expansion means 230 to become a low temperature, low pressure, liquid state, and then flows into the third heat exchanger 130. In the third heat exchanger 130, the second fluid flows to the accumulator (ACC) side by converting into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas phase and a liquid state by evaporating with the second fluid.

Here, the second fluid may pass through the electric field waste heat recovery unit 150 to transfer the electric field waste heat to the first fluid so that the evaporation in the third heat exchanger 130 may be more actively performed.

That is, in the defrost mode, the first fluid is discharged from the compressor, condensed in the internal heat exchanger 110, passed through the first expansion means 220 completely opened, recondensing in the external heat exchanger 120, The second expansion means 230 undergoes a reduced pressure expansion, evaporation in the third heat exchanger 130 sequentially, the second fluid provides the electric field waste heat to the first fluid.

In the defrosting mode of the present invention, the action of switching the flow direction of the first fluid is not accompanied, so that power consumption consumed in the operation of switching the flow direction can be reduced, and frequent valve opening and closing operations are reduced. There is an advantage to reduce the vibration and noise due to. And most of all, the configuration and control of the heat pump is very simple, but there is an advantage that can be effective defrosting.

In addition, conventionally, a method in which the heating performance is temporarily reduced by stopping the vehicle interior heating during the defrosting operation or reversing the fluid flow cycle is mainly used. However, according to the present invention, since the first expansion means 220 is fully opened during heating, and the second expansion means 230 is switched to perform decompression expansion, the interior of the car can be continuously heated. Therefore, there is also an advantage that can prevent the phenomenon that the heating performance is temporarily reduced.

Referring to FIG. 4, the dehumidification-heating operation mode will be described.

In the dehumidification-heating operation method, the first fluid is a compressor (COMP), an internal heat exchanger 110, a first expansion means 220, an external heat exchanger 120, a second expansion means 230, a third heat exchanger. 130, the accumulator (ACC), the compressor (COMP) in order to pass through, the second expansion means 230 is full open (Full Open), the second fluid in the third heat exchanger 130, the cabin cooler 140, the third heat exchanger 130 in order to pass through.

The first fluid of the high temperature, high pressure, and gaseous phase introduced into the internal heat exchanger 110 is condensed while exchanging heat with the air blown into the air conditioning case through the blower fan to convert the first fluid in the gaseous phase into the first liquid in the liquid phase. The air passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 is changed to warm air and then supplied to the vehicle interior to heat the interior of the vehicle compartment.

The first fluid passing through the internal heat exchanger 110 is expanded under reduced pressure while passing through the first expansion means 220 to become a low-pressure liquid first fluid, and then is supplied to an external heat exchanger 120 serving as an evaporator. The first fluid supplied to the external heat exchanger 120 is a low temperature, low pressure gaseous phase and liquid phase mixer and is introduced into the accumulator (ACC) side through the third heat exchanger.

At this time, the second expansion means 220 is fully open and does not affect the state change of the first fluid.

The first fluid introduced into the third heat exchanger 130 may exchange heat with the second fluid on the second fluid line. In this case, the second fluid in the third heat exchanger 130 may be deprived of heat by the first fluid while exchanging heat with the first fluid. The cooled second fluid may be supplied to the cabin cooler 140 to cool the air supplied by the blowing fan.

That is, in the dehumidification-heating mode, the first fluid discharges from the compressor, condenses in the internal heat exchanger 110, expands under reduced pressure in the first expansion means 220, evaporates in the external heat exchanger 120, and completely opens. Passed as it is in the second expansion means 230, and sequentially undergoes heat exchange in the third heat exchanger 130, the second fluid meets the air in the state deprived of heat by the first fluid to cool the interior of the vehicle .

When it is determined that the humidity is high by the humidity sensor not shown in the air conditioning case, the wet air introduced by the blowing fan is brought into contact with the surface of the cabin cooler 140 and condensed, and then the cabin cooler (using the door 12) The air in contact with 140 is transferred to the internal heat exchanger 110 which is exothermic so that dry air from which moisture is removed is discharged into the cabin.

As described above, according to the system of the present invention, a heat pump system having a shorter refrigerant loop length as a simpler structure than a conventional heat pump system and excellent in defrosting efficiency is proposed. Unlike the prior art, the bypass line is omitted, so that the cost can be reduced, and the refrigerant loop length is short, and the pressure drop amount is reduced. Since it can be circulated with an external heat exchanger, defrosting performance is improved and defrosting time is shortened. In addition, there is an advantage that can prevent the phenomenon that the heating performance is reduced during the defrost operation.

In terms of control, since the present invention is a double loop system, it is possible to individually control temperature for each loop, which also has advantages in terms of system stability. The loop is dualized, allowing for individual loop-by-loop diagnostics in case of system failure.

In the detailed description of the present invention, only specific embodiments thereof have been described. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention is not to be limited to the specific forms referred to in the description, but rather to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It must be understood.

Claims

A first fluid line through which the first fluid flows;

A compressor for compressing and discharging the first fluid;

An internal heat exchanger for exchanging the first fluid with air in the vehicle compartment;

An external heat exchanger for exchanging the first fluid with outside air;

First expansion means disposed on a first fluid line between the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger and provided to expand the first fluid;

A second expansion means disposed on a first fluid line and provided to expand the first fluid passing through the external heat exchanger;

An accumulator for introducing a refrigerant of a gaseous phase into the compressor of a liquid phase and a gaseous phase refrigerant on the first fluid line passing through the second expansion means;

A third heat exchanger disposed on a first fluid line between the second expansion means and the accumulator and capable of heat exchange with the second fluid; And

And a second fluid line connected to the third heat exchanger. 2. The heat pump for automobiles, comprising a second loop.
The method of claim 1,

The heat pump is a vehicle heat pump, characterized in that used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles.
The method of claim 1,

The first fluid is a refrigerant, the second fluid is a vehicle heat pump, characterized in that the cooling water.
The method of claim 1,

The second fluid line,

An automotive heat pump, characterized in that connected to the cabin cooler for heat exchange with the air in the vehicle and the electric field waste heat recovery unit for heat exchange with the electrical equipment.
The method of claim 1,

On the second fluid line,

A first heat shutoff valve for opening and closing the flow to the cabin cooler and a second open and close valve for opening and closing the flow to the electric field waste heat recovery unit is provided.
The method of claim 1,

The second fluid line,

Recovering electric field waste heat during heating, and transfer heat to the third heat exchanger.
The method of claim 1,

The second fluid line,

When the heat source requires more heat than the heating, automotive heat pump, characterized in that to recover the electrical waste heat and the cabin waste heat together, and transfer heat to the third heat exchanger.
The method of claim 1,

The vehicle heat pump further comprises a direction switching valve for switching the flow direction of the first fluid discharged from the compressor.
A compressor, a directional valve, an internal heat exchanger, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, and an accumulator are sequentially disposed on the first fluid line through which the first fluid flows.

Secondary-loop with a first opening and closing valve and a cabin cooler is disposed in the first branch line of the second fluid line through which the second fluid flows, and a second open / close valve and the electric field waste heat recovery unit are disposed in the second branch line. type) As the operation method of the automotive heat pump,

And operating the cooling, heating, defrosting, or dehumidification-heating operation by connecting the flows of the first fluid and the second fluid to each other.
The method of claim 9,

In the cooling operation method, the first fluid is passed through a compressor, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, a compressor, and the first expansion means is completely opened,

And operating the second fluid through a third heat exchanger, a cabin cooler, and a third heat exchanger.
The method of claim 9,

A heating operation method, wherein the first fluid is passed through a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a compressor, and the second expansion means is completely opened. Let's

And operating the second fluid through a third heat exchanger, an electric field waste heat recovery unit, and a third heat exchanger.
The method of claim 9,

As the defrosting method, the first fluid is passed through a compressor, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, a compressor, and the first expansion means is completely opened.

And operating the second fluid through a third heat exchanger, an electric field waste heat recovery unit, and a third heat exchanger.
The method of claim 9,

A dehumidification-heating operation method, wherein the first fluid is passed through a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, a first expansion means, an external heat exchanger, a second expansion means, a third heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a compressor, in which the second expansion means is completed. Open,

And operating the second fluid through a third heat exchanger, a cabin cooler, and a third heat exchanger.