WO2017145340A1 - マニピュレータシステムとその作動方法 - Google Patents
マニピュレータシステムとその作動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017145340A1 WO2017145340A1 PCT/JP2016/055710 JP2016055710W WO2017145340A1 WO 2017145340 A1 WO2017145340 A1 WO 2017145340A1 JP 2016055710 W JP2016055710 W JP 2016055710W WO 2017145340 A1 WO2017145340 A1 WO 2017145340A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00006—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of control signals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/0002—Operational features of endoscopes provided with data storages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00043—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements
- A61B1/00045—Display arrangement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00057—Operational features of endoscopes provided with means for testing or calibration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00147—Holding or positioning arrangements
- A61B1/00149—Holding or positioning arrangements using articulated arms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00147—Holding or positioning arrangements
- A61B1/0016—Holding or positioning arrangements using motor drive units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
- A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
- A61B1/0057—Constructional details of force transmission elements, e.g. control wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
- A61B1/008—Articulations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B34/37—Master-slave robots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/06—Safety devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J3/00—Manipulators of master-slave type, i.e. both controlling unit and controlled unit perform corresponding spatial movements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2061—Tracking techniques using shape-sensors, e.g. fiber shape sensors with Bragg gratings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B2034/301—Surgical robots for introducing or steering flexible instruments inserted into the body, e.g. catheters or endoscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/061—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring dimensions, e.g. length
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manipulator system and an operation method thereof.
- a master-slave manipulator system having a multi-joint treatment tool is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- this manipulator system the position of the manipulator protruding from the tip of the forceps channel provided in the insertion portion is detected, and the joint angle of the portion of the manipulator contained in the forceps channel is adjusted so as to follow the shape of the forceps channel. I try to decide.
- the amount of advancement / retraction of the manipulator is detected by an encoder disposed on the proximal end side of the forceps channel, and the position of the manipulator protruding from the distal end of the forceps channel is detected.
- the path length changes between the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side of the bending of the forceps channel due to the bending of the insertion part. It is difficult to accurately detect the position of the manipulator protruding from the tip of the channel.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and accurately detects the protruding position of the manipulator from the distal end of the insertion portion, and the manipulator is drawn into the channel while maintaining a curved shape. It is an object of the present invention to provide a manipulator system capable of protecting a manipulator housed in the device from malfunctioning and an operating method thereof.
- One aspect of the present invention is a manipulator including a long flexible part, a movable part provided at a distal end of the flexible part, and a drive part provided at a proximal end of the flexible part to drive the movable part,
- a flexible insertion portion having a channel that penetrates the manipulator; an advance / retreat portion that causes the drive portion to advance and retreat in a longitudinal direction of the soft portion;
- a projecting state recognition unit for identifying that the entire unit is in a projecting state projecting from the tip of the channel, and the drive by the advancement / retreat unit when the projecting state recognition unit recognizes the projecting state.
- It is a manipulator system provided with the control part which controls further retreat of a part.
- the drive portion is attached after being inserted so that the distal end is disposed at a position facing the affected portion.
- the advance / retreat portion By moving the advance / retreat portion forward, the manipulator is advanced through the channel of the insertion portion, and the movable portion provided at the tip of the manipulator is protruded from the tip of the channel.
- the advancement / retraction unit is regulated so that the drive unit does not retreat from the position by the operation of the regulation unit.
- the movable part after being restricted by the restriction part, the movable part is prevented from being partially pulled into the channel, so that the operator restricts the movable part in a state in which the entire part protrudes from the tip of the channel. It can be operated freely without being done.
- the movable part may be drawn into the channel while being curved, or the movable part may be partially drawn into the channel and the operation of the movable part may be restricted without the operator's intention. Can be prevented.
- the said protrusion state recognition part recognizes as the said protrusion state by the state recognition part which makes an operator recognize whether it is the said protrusion state, and this state recognition part, it will indicate so. You may provide the input part made to input. In this way, when the operator who has recognized by the state recognition unit that the entire movable unit protrudes from the tip of the channel is input by the input unit, the drive unit is not retracted from the position by the regulating unit. Thus, the advance / retreat section is regulated.
- the imaging device includes an imaging unit that captures the distal end side of the insertion unit, and a display unit that displays an image acquired by the imaging unit.
- the state recognition unit includes a manipulator, and the movable unit includes The marker provided in the position arrange
- the marker provided on the manipulator is arranged in the field of view of the imaging unit, and the imaging unit The acquired image is displayed on the display unit.
- the operator can visually recognize easily that the whole movable part of the manipulator protruded from the front-end
- the state recognizing part is provided on the outer surface of the manipulator with the concave part or the convex part provided in the channel, and when the movable part is in the protruding state, the concave part or the convex part is provided.
- An engaging portion that releasably engages with the convex portion may be provided.
- the recess or protrusion provided in the channel is engaged with the outer surface of the manipulator.
- the parts engage.
- the operator can easily recognize by force that the entire movable part of the manipulator protrudes from the tip of the channel. Then, after restricting the backward movement of the drive part by the restriction part, the engagement state between the concave part or the convex part and the engagement part is released, and the forward movement operation of the drive part and the free movement of the movable part become possible.
- the said protrusion state recognition part will be in the said protrusion state by the said shape estimation part which estimates the curve shape of the said insertion part, and the curve shape estimated by this shape estimation part.
- An advance / retreat amount calculation unit that calculates an advance / retreat amount of the drive unit by the advance / retreat unit may be provided. In this way, if the curved shape of the insertion portion is estimated in advance by the shape estimation unit, the advance / retreat amount calculation unit can calculate the advance / retreat amount of the drive unit for the entire movable unit to protrude from the tip of the channel. Based on the result, the protruding state can be recognized and the regulation by the regulation unit can be performed.
- the said shape estimation part may be provided with the sensor provided in the said insertion part.
- the shape estimation unit associates and stores the identification information of the part in the body cavity and the curved shape in a state where the insertion part is inserted up to the part, and the identification An identification information input unit for inputting information may be provided.
- the curved shape of the insertion unit stored in association with the storage unit is read out.
- the curved shape of the insertion portion can be easily estimated.
- a manipulator having a movable portion at the distal end of a long flexible portion and a drive portion for driving the movable portion at a proximal end is inserted with flexibility in which a curved shape is set.
- a regulating step that regulates the backward movement of the driving unit from the position when the driving unit is operated.
- the protruding position of the manipulator from the distal end of the insertion portion is accurately detected, and the manipulator is not drawn into the channel in a curved shape, or the manipulator accommodated in the channel does not malfunction.
- the effect that it can protect is produced.
- FIG. 1 It is a whole lineblock diagram showing the manipulator system concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows a part of manipulator system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the manipulator, operation input part, and control part which are used for the manipulator system of FIG. It is a top view explaining the 2nd operation part, command transmission part, and advance / retreat mechanism of the operation input part of the manipulator system of FIG. It is a side view which shows the state which the whole movable part of the manipulator of the manipulator system of FIG. 1 protruded from the front-end
- the manipulator system of FIG. 1 it is a figure which shows an example of the endoscopic image by which the marker acquired by the endoscope inserted in the overtube was displayed.
- FIG. 8B It is a figure which shows the accommodation state by which the whole movable part of the manipulator system of FIG. 1 was accommodated in the channel for manipulators of an overtube. It is a figure which shows an example of the control part in the manipulator system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which inserted the endoscope in the channel for endoscopes of the overtube of the manipulator system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which inserted the manipulator in the channel for manipulators of the overtube of the manipulator system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which connected the drive part of the manipulator of FIG. 8B to the motor unit. It is a flowchart explaining the operating method of the manipulator system of FIG.
- FIG. 10B is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a state where the state recognition unit in FIG. 10B recognizes that the entire movable unit is in a protruding state protruding from the tip of the overtube.
- FIG. 10B shows the modification of the marker which is a state recognition part of the manipulator system of FIG.
- FIG. 11A shows the state which rotated the manipulator around the longitudinal axis of the soft part from the state of FIG. 11A, and has arrange
- the manipulator system 1 includes an operation input unit 2 operated by an operator O and an overtube (insertion unit) 6 inserted into a body cavity of a patient P.
- a manipulator 3 and an endoscope (imaging unit) 7 that are respectively inserted into the channel 8 of the overtube 6, a control unit 4 that controls the manipulator 3 based on the operation of the operation input unit 2, and a monitor (display) Part) 5.
- two manipulators 3 are provided and inserted into the two channels 8 of the overtube 6, but only one manipulator 3 will be described below.
- the manipulator 3 includes a long flexible portion 9 that is inserted into the body of the patient P through the channel 8 of the overtube 6, and a movable portion 10 provided at the distal end of the flexible portion 9. And a drive unit 11 that is disposed on the proximal end side of the insertion unit 6 and drives the movable unit 10 by a power transmission member such as a wire (not shown).
- the movable part 10 is disposed at the forefront, and includes a treatment part 12 that acts on and treats the affected part in the body, and a plurality of joints 13, 14, and 15 that change the distal end position and posture of the treatment part 12. ing.
- the treatment unit 12 is, for example, a grasping forceps or a high-frequency knife.
- the manipulator 3 is detachably connected to the drive unit 11, and a motor unit 16 incorporating an electric drive source (not shown) such as a motor for applying power to the drive unit 11. And an advancing / retreating mechanism (advancing / retreating portion) 17 for linearly moving the motor unit 16.
- the advance / retreat mechanism 17 includes a base 18 and a slider 19 that supports the motor unit 16 so as to be linearly movable with respect to the base 18.
- the overtube 6 is a tube made of a flexible material. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the overtube 6 is a manipulator channel (channel) 8 that penetrates the manipulator 3 and an endoscope 7 that penetrates. A distal-side tubular portion 21 having an endoscope channel 20 and a proximal-side tubular portion 22 extending from the proximal end of the distal-side tubular portion 21 so as to extend the manipulator channel 8 toward the proximal end side.
- the operation input unit 2 includes a first operation unit 23 that is gripped and operated by the hand of the operator O, and a second operation unit that is operated by the wrist or arm of the operator O. 24, and a command transmission unit 25 that transmits the operation command input by the operation units 23 and 24 to the manipulator 3.
- the first operation unit 23 is configured to be similar to the movable unit 10 of the manipulator 3, and the distal end portion 29 supported by the same number of joints 26, 27, 28 as the movable unit 10 is formed by the hand of the operator O. It is gripped and can be moved by palm or fingers.
- the first operation unit 23 is provided with a sensor (not shown) that detects the angles of the joints 26, 27, and 28 constituting the first operation unit 23.
- the first operation unit 23 is not limited to the similar shape to the movable unit 10 and may be a non-similar shape.
- each first operation unit 23 can input an operation command with the palm or fingers of the operator O and generate an operation command including an electrical signal. Further, as will be described later, the distal end portion 29 of the first operation portion 23 has an input portion (not shown) for allowing the operator O to confirm and input that the entire movable portion 10 protrudes from the distal end of the manipulator channel 8. ) Is provided.
- the second operation unit 24 includes an arm stand 30 fixed to the base of the first operation unit 23, and a linear motion mechanism that supports the arm stand 30 and the first operation unit 23 so as to be integrally movable. 31.
- the arm rest 30 is disposed at a position where the arm near the wrist of the hand that grips the distal end portion 29 is placed when the operator O grips the distal end portion 29 of the first operation portion 23.
- the linear motion mechanism 31 supports the slider 32 for fixing the arm rest 30 and the first operation unit 23, and supports the slider 32 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction, as indicated by black arrows in FIGS.
- the linear guide 33 to be provided. It is possible to move the position of the first operation unit 23 while maintaining the posture in which the first operation unit 23 is held by moving the slider 32 in the horizontal direction by the arm placed on the arm rest 30. It has become.
- the second operation unit 24 inputs an operation command using the wrist or arm of the operator O, and generates an operation command using the force input by the wrist or arm as the mechanical driving force of the two sliders 32. Be able to.
- a method of generating an operation command as an electrical driving force may be used.
- the command transmission unit 25 includes an electrical signal transmission unit 34 that connects the first operation unit 23 and the drive unit 11, and a mechanical power transmission unit 35 that connects the second operation unit 24 and the advance / retreat mechanism 17. ing.
- the electric signal transmission unit 34 transmits an operation command including the electric signal generated by the first operation unit 23 to the control unit 4 and supplies the command signal generated by the control unit 4 to each motor of the motor unit 16. It is supposed to be.
- the controller 4 calculates the rotational movement amount and rotational speed of each motor of the motor unit 16 based on the operation command generated by the first operation unit 23 and controls each motor.
- the mechanical power transmission unit 35 includes a transmission unit 36 that converts a linear operation for moving the sliders 32 of the operation input unit 2 back and forth into a linear operation of the advance / retreat mechanism 17.
- the transmission unit 36 includes a first rack and pinion mechanism 37 that converts the amount of linear movement of the slider 32 of the operation input unit 2 into a rotation angle, and a rotation operation of the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17.
- a second rack and pinion mechanism 38 that converts the amount of linear movement, pulleys 39 and 40 that are respectively fixed to the pinion gears of these rack and pinion mechanisms 37 and 38, and belts that span the pulleys 39 and 40 41.
- the operating range of the slider 32 of the linear motion mechanism 31 corresponds to the operating range of the slider 32 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17 that moves the manipulator 3 in the longitudinal direction of the soft portion 9 with respect to the overtube 6. . That is, when the slider 32 is moved between the frontmost end position and the rearmost end position, the entire movable portion 10 provided at the tip of the manipulator 3 is moved from the manipulator channel 8 of the overtube 6 as shown in FIG. 5A.
- the manipulator 3 can be moved between the treatment state protruding forward and the accommodation state in which the entire movable portion 10 is accommodated in the manipulator channel 8 of the overtube 6 as shown in FIG. It is like that.
- a position-adjustable restricting portion 42 that restricts further retreat of the slider 19 is provided in the middle of the operation range of the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17.
- the restricting unit 42 includes an encoder 43 that detects the forward / backward position of the rack gear of the second rack and pinion mechanism 38, and pinion gear rotation when the encoder 43 detects a predetermined position. And a brake 44 for restricting the movement.
- a marker (protruding state recognition unit, state recognition unit) 45 is provided on the distal end side of the treatment unit 12.
- the marker 45 may be configured by painting, a rubber cover, printing, or a characteristic shape (a specific joint, a logo mark, or the like) of the movable portion 10.
- control unit 4 is configured such that when the operator O confirms the marker 45 of the treatment unit 12 in the endoscopic image displayed on the monitor 5, the first input of the operation input unit 2 is performed.
- the rotation angle of the encoder 43 and the treatment unit 12 is initialized by performing confirmation input in an input unit (not shown) provided in the operation unit 23, and the entire movable unit 10 is moved from the position where the marker 45 is displayed on the monitor 5.
- the slider 19 is advanced by a preset length up to a position where the channel 8 is projected to the tip side. Thereafter, when the slider 19 is disposed at a position advanced by a preset length, the control unit 4 operates the brake 44 to restrict the backward movement of the rack gear (restriction mode).
- control unit 4 is configured so that the operator O operates the first operation unit 23 and all the joints 26, 27, 28 constituting the first operation unit 23.
- the movable part 10 of the manipulator 3 becomes a shape along the longitudinal direction of the soft part 9 by becoming a shape that can be accommodated (for example, a shape extended straight)
- the restriction by the brake 44 is released. (Retractable mode).
- the endoscope 7 is inserted into the endoscope channel 20 of the overtube 6 as shown in FIG. 8A. In this state, the endoscope 7 and the overtube 6 are inserted into the body cavity of the patient P, and an image acquired by the endoscope 7 is displayed on the monitor 5.
- control unit 4 has released the regulation by the regulation unit 42 and is in a retractable mode (step S1). Then, as shown in FIG. 8B, the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17 is disposed at the most retracted position and regulated by the brake 44, and the manipulator 3 can be moved into the body of the patient P through the manipulator channel 8. The part 10 and the soft part 9 are inserted.
- the operator O is notified by the monitor 5 or sound so as to move to that position.
- the determination is made by detection by a detection unit (not shown) such as a sensor that outputs a signal provided in the advance / retreat mechanism 17.
- the drive unit 11 is connected to the motor unit 16
- the slider 19 is disposed at the most retracted position. Therefore, the entire movable unit 10 of the manipulator 3 is disposed in the manipulator channel 8 as shown in FIG. 8C. Fully contained.
- control unit 4 notifies the monitor 5 to adjust the advance / retreat position of the manipulator 3 by the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17 and releases the restriction by the brake 44.
- the operator O applies a force in a direction to advance the slider 32 to which the arm rest 30 of the second operation unit 24 is fixed.
- the slider 32 moves in the direction of the applied force, and the linear movement amount is converted into a rotation angle by the first rack and pinion mechanism 37.
- the rectilinear movement amount converted into the rotation angle of the first rack and pinion mechanism 37 is transmitted to the second rack and pinion mechanism 38 via the pulley 39 and the belt 41, and the rectilinear movement amount of the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17.
- the motor unit 16 is fixed to the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17, the drive unit 11, the flexible unit 9, and the movable unit 10 connected to the motor unit 16 move integrally along the longitudinal direction of the flexible unit 9. Be made. Thereby, the treatment part 12 located at the front-end
- the movable portion 10 provided at the tip of the manipulator 3 is projected from the tip of the manipulator channel 8 of the overtube 6.
- the operator O continues to advance the slider 32 of the second operation unit 24 while confirming the image acquired by the endoscope 7 on the monitor 5.
- step S4 it is determined whether or not the position adjustment is completed.
- the operator O is notified on the monitor 5 to execute the position adjustment again.
- the encoder 43 is initialized. At this time, since the movable part 10 is located in the overtube 6, the movable part 10 cannot be operated.
- the control unit 4 moves the position where the entire movable unit 10 protrudes from the channel 8 toward the tip side from the position where the marker 45 is displayed on the monitor 5.
- the slider 19 is moved forward by a preset length up to (the operator O may move the slider 19 forward).
- the control unit 4 starts master-slave control for linking the operation input unit 2 and the manipulator 3 (step S6).
- the manipulator system 1 may automatically start when the slider 19 is arranged at the advanced position. Alternatively, the system waits until the manipulator system 1 performs an operation from the operator O (for example, a switch press on the operation input unit 2 or a button press on the screen), and the manipulator system 1 detects the operation and automatically performs master-slave control. May be started automatically.
- the operator O for example, a switch press on the operation input unit 2 or a button press on the screen
- the operator O In order to operate the operation input unit 2 in this state, as shown in FIG. 4, the operator O holds the tip 29 of the first operation unit 23 with both hands and holds the arm with the second operation unit. Place on 24 arm rests 30.
- the movement amount is detected by sensors provided in the joints 26, 27, and 28,
- the signal is transmitted to the control unit 4 as a signal.
- electrical operation commands for operating the joints 13, 14, 15 of the movable unit 10 so as to coincide with the angles of the joints 26, 27, 28 detected by the sensors are calculated, and each joint is calculated. Supplied to the motor of the motor unit 16 connected to 13,14,15.
- the distal end position of the treatment unit 12 provided at the distal end of the movable unit 10 is precisely moved electrically and as instructed by the palm or fingers.
- the slider 32 of the second operation unit 24 is moved forward from the accommodated state in which the movable part 10 is accommodated in the manipulator channel 8 of the overtube 6.
- the brake 44 is not actuated, and the operator O moves the arm stand 30 forward and backward without being restricted in movement. Can be advanced.
- the encoder 43 and the treatment part 12 are displayed.
- the brake 44 is activated, and the arm rest 30 cannot be further moved backward to the base end side.
- the operator O can not move the slider 32 further, and can recognize that the movable part 10 is about to drive from the protruding state to the accommodated state. . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the movable portion 10 from being pulled into the manipulator channel 8 due to the operator O unintentionally retracting the arm rest 30 unintentionally.
- the movable part 10 in the restriction mode, is freely operated without being restricted except that the backward movement of the slider 32 of the arm rest 30 is restricted to the initial position, and the backward movement is restricted by the brake 44. Treatment can be performed. Therefore, it is prevented that the joints 13, 14, 15 of the movable part 10 are bent and are forcibly drawn into the manipulator channel 8, and the tip of the movable part 10 moves in an unintended direction. There is an advantage that it is possible to prevent the joints 13, 14, 15 from being subjected to an excessive load that tries to force the bent joints 13, 14, 15 of the movable part 10 straight.
- the operator O who intends to drive the movable unit 10 to the accommodation state accommodates the joints 26, 27, and 28 constituting the first operation unit 23 as shown in FIG. Make it possible. For example, it is straightened (step S7). Thereby, since each joint 13,14,15 which comprises the movable part 10 becomes a shape along the longitudinal direction of the soft part 9, the control part 4 stops the action
- the one provided with the marker 45 on the distal end side of the treatment portion 12 is adopted, but instead of this, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to adopt an arrangement in which the entire movable part 10 is disposed in the visual field range of the endoscope 7 in a state where the entire movable portion 10 is projected from the channel 8 to the distal end side at the end side position.
- control unit 4 can start master-slave control that links the operation input unit 2 and the manipulator 3.
- the manipulator system 1 may automatically start when the slider 19 is arranged at the advanced position. Alternatively, the system waits until the manipulator system 1 performs an operation from the operator O (for example, a switch press on the operation input unit 2 or a button press on the screen), and the manipulator system 1 detects the operation and automatically performs master-slave control. May be started automatically.
- the operator O for example, a switch press on the operation input unit 2 or a button press on the screen
- a circumferential groove-like recess (state recognition unit) 46 is provided on the inner surface of the manipulator channel 8, and the entire movable unit 10 projects from the tip of the manipulator channel 8 on the outer surface of the manipulator 3.
- a convex portion (engagement portion, state recognition portion) 47 that engages with the concave portion 46 may be provided.
- the convex portion 47 is an elastically deformable ring such as rubber.
- the convex portion 47 when the manipulator 3 moves, when the convex portion 47 coincides with the concave portion 46, the convex portion 47 is restored to an enlarged shape and engages with the concave portion 46. Thereby, the operator O can recognize that the whole movable part 10 protruded from the front-end
- the convex portion 47 may be provided on the inner surface of the manipulator channel 8, and the concave portion (engagement portion) 46 that engages with the convex portion 47 may be provided on the outer surface of the manipulator 3.
- a button displayed on the monitor 5 by the GUI You may decide to input by operation.
- the operator 45 recognizes that the entire movable part 10 protrudes from the tip of the manipulator channel 8 by the marker 45 appearing in the endoscopic image, in addition to this, around the longitudinal axis of the flexible part 9
- the rotation of the movable part 10 may also be initialized using the marker 45.
- the marker 45 can identify the circumferential position, for example, the marker 45 exists only in a part of the circumferential direction, and as shown in FIG.
- the rotational position of the movable unit 10 may be adjusted so that appears in front in the endoscopic image.
- a button as shown in FIG. 12 is displayed on the GUI, and the operator O performs the rotation operation and the confirmation operation. You may decide.
- the confirmation operation in this case may be made common with the confirmation operation for initializing the encoder 43.
- the control unit 4 can bend the overtube 6.
- a shape estimation unit (not shown) for estimating the shape, and an advancement / retraction amount and a rotation amount in the longitudinal direction of the drive unit 11 in which the entire movable unit 10 protrudes from the tip of the manipulator channel 8 based on the estimated curved shape.
- An advance / retreat amount calculation unit (not shown) for calculation may be provided.
- ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ (Rout ⁇ Rin) ⁇ ⁇ / 180
- ⁇ d is a path difference between the two manipulator channels 8 when the two manipulator channels 8 are arranged in the radial direction of the curved shape
- the example of calculation was shown about the inner and outer ring difference of the channel 8 for two manipulators.
- the path length varies depending on the bending direction depending on the distance between the manipulator channel 8 and the central axis of the insertion portion 6.
- ⁇ r is the distance between the central axis of the insertion portion 6 and the central axis of the manipulator channel 8 with respect to the bending direction of the insertion portion 6.
- ⁇ d ′ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r ⁇ ⁇ / 180 It becomes.
- the path length is calculated from the proximal end to the distal end of the flexible portion 6 (manipulator channel 8) by performing the same calculation for the bending direction and angle. it can.
- control unit 4 associates the identification information of the part to be treated with the curved shape and stores them in a storage unit (not shown), and the identification information of the part where the operator O performs the treatment prior to the treatment. May be calculated by the identification information input unit (not shown), and the advance / retreat amount of the drive unit 11 and the rotation amount in the longitudinal direction may be calculated based on the curved shape read from the storage unit.
- a shape sensor such as a strain gauge, an optical fiber sensor, or a magnetic sensor is provided on the overtube 6, and the entire movable portion 10 is moved to the tip of the manipulator channel 8 based on the curved shape of the overtube 6 detected by the shape sensor. The amount of advancement / retraction of the drive unit 11 and the amount of rotation in the longitudinal direction may be calculated.
- the control part 4 decided to cancel
- the control unit 4 notifies that the restriction can be released (step S9), and the operator O triggers the pull-in permission trigger in the notified state.
- the restriction by the brake 44 may be released.
- control unit 4 may control the movable portion 10 to automatically drive the movable portion 10 so that it can be retracted (step S12), and the mode can be shifted to the retractable mode. Then, after driving into a retractable shape, the control unit 4 may move the slider 19 of the advance / retreat mechanism 17 to the most proximal position.
- control unit 4 may control the movable unit 10 so as to drive it into a automatically retractable shape only while the operator O is pressing and holding the pull-in trigger. In this case, when the operator O releases the pull trigger, the operation of the movable unit 10 by the control unit 4 is stopped. Further, when it is detected that the operator O has disconnected the connection between the motor unit 16 and the drive unit 11, the restriction by the brake 44 may be released. Since the connection between the motor unit 16 and the drive unit 11 is released, the movable unit 10 is displaced according to the external force. Therefore, if the brake 44 is released, the movable unit 10 can be extracted from the channel 8 of the overtube 6. it can.
- transition to the retractable mode may be made when a position adjustment request for the overtube 6 is detected.
- the present invention is applied to the case where the manipulator 3 is introduced via the channel provided in the insertion portion of the endoscope 7. Also good.
- Manipulator system Manipulator 3
- Manipulator 6 Overtube (insertion part) 7
- Endoscope (imaging part) 8 channel 9 flexible part 10
- movable part 11 drive part 17 advance / retreat mechanism (advance / retreat part) 42 restriction part
- marker protrusion state recognition part, state recognition part
- Concavity Concavity
- Convex part Convex part (state recognition part, engagement part)
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、挿入部が軟性である場合に、挿入部が湾曲することによって鉗子チャネルの湾曲の内周側と外周側とで経路長が変化するため、鉗子チャネルの基端側に配置したエンコーダによって鉗子チャネルの先端から突出するマニピュレータの位置を精度よく検知することは困難である。
このようにすることで、可動部全体がチャネルの先端から突出したことを状態認識部により認識した操作者が入力部によってその旨を入力することにより、規制部によって駆動部がその位置から後退しないように進退部が規制される。
このようにすることで、チャネルを介してマニピュレータが前進させられて可動部全体がチャネルの先端から突出させられると、撮像部の視野範囲にマニピュレータに設けられたマーカが配置されて、撮像部により取得された画像が表示部に表示される。これにより、操作者は表示部に表示された画像により、マニピュレータの可動部全体がチャネルの先端から突出したことを視覚的に容易に認識することができる。
このようにすることで、形状推定部により予め挿入部の湾曲形状が推定されれば、可動部全体がチャネルの先端から突出するための駆動部の進退量を進退量算出部により算出でき、算出結果に基づいて突出状態を認定して規制部による規制を実施することができる。
このようにすることで、挿入部に備えられたセンサにより挿入部の湾曲形状を容易に推定することができる。
このようにすることで、操作者が識別情報入力部により、処置しようとする体腔内の部位の識別情報を入力すると、記憶部に対応づけて記憶されている挿入部の湾曲形状が読み出されることにより、挿入部の湾曲形状を容易に推定することができる。
本実施形態に係るマニピュレータシステム1は、図1および図2に示されるように、操作者Oにより操作される操作入力部2と、患者Pの体腔内に挿入されるオーバーチューブ(挿入部)6と、該オーバーチューブ6のチャネル8内にそれぞれ挿入されるマニピュレータ3および内視鏡(撮像部)7と、操作入力部2の操作に基づいてマニピュレータ3を制御する制御部4と、モニタ(表示部)5とを備えている。図2に示す例では、マニピュレータ3は2つ備えられ、オーバーチューブ6の2つのチャネル8にそれぞれ挿入されているが、以下は一方のマニピュレータ3のみについて説明する。
可動部10は、最先端に配置され、体内の患部に作用してこれを処置する処置部12と、該処置部12の先端位置および姿勢を変化させる複数の関節13,14,15とを備えている。処置部12は、例えば、把持鉗子あるいは高周波ナイフ等である。
進退機構17は、ベース18と、該ベース18に対して直線移動可能にモータユニット16を支持するスライダ19とを備えている。
また、第1の操作部23の先端部29には、後述するように、可動部10全体がマニピュレータ用チャネル8の先端から突出したことを操作者Oに確認入力させるための入力部(図示略)が設けられている。
電気信号伝達部34は、第1の操作部23により発生された電気信号からなる動作指令を制御部4に伝達し、制御部4によって生成された指令信号を、モータユニット16の各モータに供給するようになっている。制御部4は、第1の操作部23により発生した動作指令に基づいて、モータユニット16の各モータの回転移動量および回転速度を算出し各モータを制御するようになっている。
図4に示されるように、伝達部36は、操作入力部2のスライダ32の直進移動量を回転角度に変換する第1のラックアンドピニオン機構37と、回転動作を進退機構17のスライダ19の直進移動量に変換する第2のラックアンドピニオン機構38と、これらのラックアンドピニオン機構37,38のピニオンギヤにそれぞれ固定されたプーリ39,40と、これらのプーリ39,40に掛け渡されたベルト41とを備えている。
規制部42は、例えば、図7に示されるように、第2のラックアンドピニオン機構38のラックギヤの進退位置を検出するエンコーダ43と、該エンコーダ43が所定の位置を検出したときに、ピニオンギヤ回転を規制するブレーキ44とを備えている。
本実施形態に係るマニピュレータシステム1を用いて患者Pの体内の患部を処置するには、図8Aに示されるように、オーバーチューブ6の内視鏡用チャネル20内に内視鏡7を挿入した状態で、内視鏡7およびオーバーチューブ6を患者Pの体腔内に挿入し、内視鏡7により取得された画像をモニタ5に表示する。
そして、図8Bに示されるように、進退機構17のスライダ19を最も後退させた位置に配置してブレーキ44により規制しておき、マニピュレータ用チャネル8を介して患者Pの体内にマニピュレータ3の可動部10および軟性部9を挿入する。
これに応じて、操作者Oが第2の操作部24の腕置き台30が固定されたスライダ32を前進させる方向に力を加える。スライダ32は加えられた力の方向に移動し、その直進移動量が第1のラックアンドピニオン機構37によって回転角度に変換される。
操作者Oが把持している第1の操作部23の先端部29を掌または手指の力で移動させると、その移動量が各関節26,27,28に設けられたセンサによって検出され、電気信号として制御部4に伝達される。制御部4においてはセンサによって検出された各関節26,27,28の角度に一致するように可動部10の各関節13,14,15を動作させる電気的な動作指令が算出されて、各関節13,14,15に接続されたモータユニット16のモータに供給される。これにより、可動部10の先端に設けられている処置部12の先端位置が掌または手指によって指示された通りに電動で精密に移動させられる。
マニピュレータ用チャネル8の内面に凸部47を設け、マニピュレータ3の外面に凸部47に係合する凹部(係合部)46を設けることにしてもよい。
Δd=π×(Rout-Rin)×θ/180
ここで、Δdは2つのマニピュレータ用チャネル8が湾曲形状の半径方向に並んで配置されている場合の2つのマニピュレータ用チャネル8の経路差、θは湾曲部分の角度(図13に示す例ではθ=180°)である。
Δd’=π×Δr×θ/180
となる。
また、挿入部6の先端に湾曲部分がある場合は、その湾曲方向・角度に対しても同様の計算を行うことで軟性部6(マニピュレータ用チャネル8)の基端から先端まで経路長が算出できる。
また、オーバーチューブ6に歪みゲージ、光ファイバセンサあるいは磁気センサ等の形状センサを設けておき、形状センサによって検出されたオーバーチューブ6の湾曲形状に基づいて可動部10全体をマニピュレータ用チャネル8の先端から突出させる駆動部11の進退量および長手方向の回転量を算出することにしてもよい。
また、操作者Oが、モータユニット16と駆動部11との接続を切り離したことが検出された場合に、ブレーキ44による規制を解除することにしてもよい。モータユニット16と駆動部11との接続が解除されることにより、可動部10は外力に倣って変位する状態となるので、ブレーキ44が解除されていればオーバーチューブ6のチャネル8から抜き出すことができる。
また、マニピュレータ3を挿入するチャネル8がオーバーチューブ6に設けられている場合について説明したが、内視鏡7の挿入部に備えられたチャネルを経由してマニピュレータ3を導入する場合に適用してもよい。
3 マニピュレータ
6 オーバーチューブ(挿入部)
7 内視鏡(撮像部)
8 チャネル
9 軟性部
10 可動部
11 駆動部
17 進退機構(進退部)
42 規制部
45 マーカ(突出状態認定部、状態認識部)
46 凹部(状態認識部、係合部)
47 凸部(状態認識部、係合部)
S3 状態認定ステップ
S5 規制ステップ
Claims (8)
- 長尺の軟性部と、該軟性部の先端に設けられた可動部と、前記軟性部の基端に設けられ前記可動部を駆動する駆動部とを備えるマニピュレータと、
該マニピュレータを貫通させるチャネルを有し、可撓性を有する挿入部と、
前記駆動部を前記軟性部の長手方向に進退させ、前記可動部を前記チャネルの先端から出没させる進退部と、
前記可動部全体が前記チャネルの先端から突出した突出状態であることを認定する突出状態認定部と、
該突出状態認定部により、前記突出状態であることが認定されたときに、前記進退部による前記駆動部のそれ以上の後退を規制する規制部とを備えるマニピュレータシステム。 - 前記突出状態認定部が、操作者に前記突出状態であるか否かを認識させる状態認識部と、該状態認識部により前記突出状態であると認識された場合にその旨を入力させる入力部とを備える請求項1に記載のマニピュレータシステム。
- 前記挿入部の先端側を撮影する撮像部と、
該撮像部により取得された画像を表示する表示部とを備え、
前記状態認識部が、マニピュレータに、前記可動部が前記突出状態となったときに、前記撮像部による視野範囲内に配置される位置に設けられたマーカである請求項2に記載のマニピュレータシステム。 - 前記状態認識部が、前記チャネル内に設けられた凹部または凸部と、前記マニピュレータの外面に設けられ、前記可動部が前記突出状態となったときに、前記凹部または凸部に解除可能に係合する係合部とを備える請求項2に記載のマニピュレータシステム。
- 前記突出状態認定部が、前記挿入部の湾曲形状を推定する形状推定部と、該形状推定部により推定された湾曲形状に基づいて前記可動部が前記突出状態となる前記進退部による前記駆動部の進退量を算出する進退量算出部とを備える請求項1に記載のマニピュレータシステム。
- 前記形状推定部が、前記挿入部に設けられたセンサを備える請求項5に記載のマニピュレータシステム。
- 前記形状推定部が、体腔内の部位の識別情報と、該部位まで前記挿入部が挿入された状態での湾曲形状とを対応づけて記憶する記憶部と、前記識別情報を入力させる識別情報入力部とを備える請求項5に記載のマニピュレータシステム。
- 長尺の軟性部の先端に可動部、基端に前記可動部を駆動する駆動部を備えたマニピュレータを、湾曲形状が設定された可撓性を有する挿入部のチャネル内に挿入した状態において、前記可動部全体が前記チャネルの先端から突出した突出状態であるか否かを認定する状態認定ステップと、
該状態認定ステップにおいて、前記突出状態であると認定されたときに、前記駆動部のその位置からの後退を規制する規制ステップとを含むマニピュレータシステムの作動方法。
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Also Published As
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JPWO2017145340A1 (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
CN108698239A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
JP6205528B1 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
EP3421195A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
CN108698239B (zh) | 2021-06-01 |
US20180360551A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
US11298199B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
EP3421195A4 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
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