WO2017022844A1 - 非水電解質電池電極用スラリー組成物、並びに、それを用いた非水電解質電池正極及び非水電解質電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池電極用スラリー組成物、並びに、それを用いた非水電解質電池正極及び非水電解質電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017022844A1 WO2017022844A1 PCT/JP2016/073047 JP2016073047W WO2017022844A1 WO 2017022844 A1 WO2017022844 A1 WO 2017022844A1 JP 2016073047 W JP2016073047 W JP 2016073047W WO 2017022844 A1 WO2017022844 A1 WO 2017022844A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte battery
- aqueous electrolyte
- electrode
- lithium
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
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- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007984 tetrahydrofuranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L35/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery positive electrode using the slurry composition, and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries are frequently used as secondary batteries used as power sources for these portable terminals. Since portable terminals are required to have more comfortable portability, miniaturization, thinning, weight reduction, and high performance have rapidly progressed, and have come to be used in various places. This trend continues today, and batteries used in mobile terminals are further required to be smaller, thinner, lighter, and higher in performance.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery has a positive electrode and a negative electrode installed via a separator, and a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 LiTFSI (lithium (bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide)), LiFSI (lithium (bisfluorosulfonylimide)). Is stored in a container together with an electrolytic solution in which an organic liquid such as ethylene carbonate is dissolved.
- a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 LiTFSI (lithium (bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide)), LiFSI (lithium (bisfluorosulfonylimide)
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are usually obtained by dissolving or dispersing a binder and a thickener in water and mixing an active material, a conductive auxiliary agent (conductivity imparting agent) and the like, if necessary.
- a conductive auxiliary agent conductivity imparting agent
- it may be simply formed as a mixed layer by coating the current collector on the current collector and drying the water.
- the positive electrode uses LiCoO 2 as an active material, and carbon black as a conductive aid as necessary, and a binder for a secondary battery electrode as a current collector such as an aluminum foil. Are connected to each other.
- a carbonaceous material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions which is an active material, and, if necessary, a conductive aid similar to the positive electrode are mutually bonded to a current collector such as copper with a binder for a secondary battery electrode. It is what was bound to.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- PVdF is swollen by the electrolyte when it is in a high temperature environment of 50 ° C. or more, and the bonding strength is weakened and the electrical resistance is increased, resulting in lack of high temperature durability.
- the negative electrode has already been preceded by the use of a water-based binder for consumer applications (such as personal computers and mobile phones).
- And thickeners include methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropoxycellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na), sodium polyacrylate, among which CMC-Na is often used.
- CMC-Na carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt
- Patent Document 4 Patent Document 4
- the positive electrode is difficult to use an aqueous binder, (1) Oxidative decomposition of the aqueous binder occurs during charging. (2) It is difficult to uniformly disperse the slurry. (3) When the positive electrode capacity is improved by thick coating, cracks occur in the electrode due to the cohesive stress caused by drying. As a result, since a sufficient conductive path is not ensured in the electrode, the high rate discharge characteristic as the battery characteristic is deteriorated. (4) When the positive electrode active material and water contact and react, lithium of the positive electrode active material is melted, cracks are generated in the electrode, and the positive electrode capacity and cycle characteristics are reduced. Etc.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and even when an aqueous binder is used, it is electrically and thermally stable, and a high discharge capacity maintenance rate is achieved without reducing the positive electrode active material capacity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using a slurry composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having the following constitution, and further studies are made based on this finding.
- the present invention was completed by overlapping.
- a slurry composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery electrode (hereinafter also simply referred to as a slurry composition) containing a binder composition, an active material, and a solvent, the active material is a lithium-containing metal.
- the binder composition contains a neutralized salt of an ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an ⁇ -olefin and maleic acid, and is formed from the maleic acid in the copolymer.
- the neutralization degree with respect to the carboxylic acid is 0.3 to 1.0.
- the slurry composition containing the binder composition for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries excellent in binding property, an active material, and a solvent can be obtained, Furthermore, the battery characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte electrode is used using it. Improvement can be realized.
- the binder composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as a binder composition) contained in the slurry composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery electrode according to the present embodiment is obtained by copolymerizing ⁇ -olefins and maleic acids.
- -It contains a neutralized salt of an olefin-maleic acid copolymer and has a neutralization degree of 0.3 to 1.0.
- an ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an ⁇ -olefin and maleic acid is composed of a unit (A) based on ⁇ -olefin and a unit (B) based on maleic acid,
- the unit (A) based on ⁇ -olefins is represented by the general formula —CH 2 CR 1 R 2 — (wherein R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other, hydrogen Represents an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- the ⁇ -olefin used in this embodiment is a linear or branched olefin having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond at the ⁇ -position. In particular, olefins having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 2 to 8 carbon atoms are preferred.
- isobutylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of availability, polysynthesis, and product stability.
- the isobutylene includes a mixture containing isobutylene as a main component, for example, a BB fraction (C4 fraction).
- maleic anhydride maleic acid, maleic acid monoester (for example, methyl maleate, ethyl maleate, propyl maleate, phenyl maleate, etc.), maleic acid, as the unit (B) based on maleic acids
- Maleic anhydride derivatives such as diesters (eg dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, dipropyl maleate, diphenyl maleate etc.), maleic imides or N-substituted derivatives thereof (eg maleic imide, N-methylmaleimide, N N-substituted alkylmaleimides such as ethylmaleimide, N-propylmaleimide, Nn-butylmaleimide, Nt-butylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, N-ethyl Phenyl male N-substituted alkylphenylmaleimide such as imide, or N-substi
- maleic anhydride is preferable from the viewpoint of availability, polymerization rate, and ease of molecular weight adjustment.
- These maleic acids may be used alone or in combination.
- Maleic acids are neutralized with alkali salts as described above, and the resulting carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid salt form a 1,2-dicarboxylic acid or salt form. This form has a function of capturing heavy metals eluted from the positive electrode.
- the content ratio of each structural unit in the copolymer of the present embodiment is preferably such that (A) / (B) is in the range of 1/1 to 1/3 in terms of molar ratio. This is because the advantages of hydrophilicity, water solubility, and affinity for metals and ions as a high molecular weight substance that dissolves in water can be obtained. Particularly, it is desirable that the molar ratio of (A) / (B) is 1/1 or a value close thereto, in which case the unit based on ⁇ -olefin, that is, —CH 2 CR 1 R 2 — A copolymer having a structure in which the units shown and units based on maleic acids are alternately repeated is obtained.
- the mixing ratio of ⁇ -olefins and maleic acids to obtain the copolymer of the present embodiment varies depending on the composition of the target copolymer, but ⁇ -olefin of 1 to 3 times the number of moles of maleic acids.
- Use of olefin is effective for increasing the reaction rate of maleic acids.
- the method for producing the copolymer of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the copolymer can be obtained by radical polymerization.
- the polymerization catalyst used is an azo catalyst such as azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1-azobiscyclohexane-1-carbonitrile, or an organic peroxide catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide. preferable.
- the amount of the polymerization catalyst used is required to be in the range of 0.1 to 5 mol%, preferably 0.5 to 3 mol% with respect to maleic acids.
- As a method for adding the polymerization catalyst and the monomer they may be added all at the beginning of the polymerization, but it is desirable to add them sequentially as the polymerization proceeds.
- the molecular weight can be appropriately adjusted mainly depending on the monomer concentration, the amount of catalyst used, and the polymerization temperature.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 40 ° C.
- the polymerization time is usually preferably about 1 to 24 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours.
- the amount of the polymerization solvent used is preferably adjusted so that the concentration of the obtained copolymer is 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 10 to 30% by weight.
- the copolymer of the present embodiment usually has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000.
- a more preferred weight average molecular weight is 15,000 to 450,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer of this embodiment is less than 10,000, the crystallinity is high and the binding strength between particles may be low.
- it exceeds 500,000 the solubility in water or a solvent becomes small, and it may precipitate easily.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer of the present embodiment can be measured by, for example, a light scattering method or a viscosity method.
- the copolymer of this embodiment preferably has an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 0.05 to 1.5.
- the copolymer of this embodiment is usually obtained in the form of a powder having a grain size of about 16 to 60 mesh.
- the neutralized salt of the copolymer means that the active hydrogen of carbonyl acid generated from maleic acid reacts with a basic substance to form a salt to become a neutralized salt.
- a basic substance containing a monovalent metal and / or ammonia is used as the basic substance from the viewpoint of binding properties as a binder. Is preferably used.
- the amount of the basic substance containing monovalent metal and / or ammonia is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use and the like, but usually in the maleic acid copolymer.
- the amount is preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mol per mol of maleic acid unit. If it is such usage-amount, it will be possible to adjust the neutralization degree of the binder composition of this embodiment to a predetermined range.
- the amount of the basic substance containing a monovalent metal is preferably 0.8 to 1.8 moles per mole of maleic acid units in the maleic acid copolymer, so that there is little residual alkali and water solubility.
- the copolymer salt can be obtained.
- the reaction of the ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer with a basic substance containing a monovalent metal and / or an amine such as ammonia can be carried out according to a conventional method, but is carried out in the presence of water, and ⁇ - A method for obtaining a neutralized salt of an olefin-maleic acid copolymer as an aqueous solution is simple and preferable.
- Examples of basic substances containing monovalent metals that can be used in the present embodiment include hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metals such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Carbonates of alkali metals such as sodium acetate and potassium acetate; phosphates of alkali metals such as trisodium phosphate, and the like.
- ammonia, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide are preferable.
- ammonia or lithium hydroxide as the binder for the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- the basic substance containing monovalent metal and / or ammonia may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a neutralized salt of an ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer is used in combination with a basic substance containing an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide as long as the battery performance is not adversely affected. May be prepared.
- the degree of neutralization of the carboxylic acid produced from maleic acids in the copolymer of the binder composition is 0.3 to 1.0.
- the neutralization degree is less than 0.3, the solubility in water or a solvent becomes small, and it easily precipitates, making slurry coating difficult.
- the degree of neutralization exceeds 1.0, the basic substance to be neutralized is excessively present in the slurry, which may become a resistance component. More preferably, the neutralization degree is in the range of 0.4 to 0.8. Thereby, the slurry composition which was excellent in applicability
- the degree of neutralization can be determined by a method such as titration with a base, an infrared spectrum, or an NMR spectrum.
- titration with a base can be performed.
- the specific titration method is not particularly limited, but it can be dissolved in water with little impurities such as ion-exchanged water, and a basic substance such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, It can be carried out by neutralization.
- the indicator for the neutralization point is not particularly limited, but an indicator such as phenolphthalein indicating pH with a base, and a PH meter can be used.
- the neutralization degree of the binder composition may be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the neutralization degree of the binder composition, or the neutralization degree of the aqueous solution in which the binder composition is dissolved is directly adjusted. You may adjust. Specifically, for example, the degree of neutralization is adjusted by adjusting the addition amount of a basic substance (ammonia, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.) containing a monovalent metal as described above. Although it is possible to adjust to the said range, it is not limited to it.
- a basic substance ammonia, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.
- the basic substance containing monovalent metal and / or ammonia is preferably used in an amount of preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mol per mol of maleic acid unit in the maleic acid copolymer. Can be adjusted to the above range. More preferably, the basic substance containing a monovalent metal and / or ammonia is added more reliably by adding 0.6 to 1.8 moles per mole of maleic acid units in the maleic acid copolymer. It is possible to adjust to the above range.
- the ring-opening rate of the copolymer represents the hydrolysis rate of the site of maleic anhydride that is polymerized with ⁇ -olefins when maleic anhydride is used as the maleic acid.
- a preferable ring opening rate is 60 to 100%, more preferably 70% to 100%, and still more preferably 80 to 100%.
- the structural freedom of the copolymer becomes small and the stretchability becomes poor, so that the force for adhering adjacent electrode material particles may be reduced, which is not preferable. Furthermore, there is a possibility that problems such as low affinity for water and poor solubility may occur.
- the ring-opening rate can be determined, for example, by measuring the hydrogen at the ⁇ -position of the maleic acid opened by 1H-NMR with reference to the hydrogen at the ⁇ -position of maleic anhydride.
- the ratio of the carbonyl group derived from the carbonyl group and the ring-opened maleic anhydride can also be determined by IR measurement.
- the mass reduction rate at 150 ° C. is preferably less than 5%. If the mass reduction rate is 5% or more, there is a possibility that the capacity is reduced by heat generated when charging and discharging are repeated.
- the mass reduction rate is not particularly limited, but can be measured by, for example, a method described in Examples described later.
- the amount of change in the reduction current value from the third time to the third time is preferably 0.05 ⁇ A / cm 2 or less.
- Working electrode A layer made of the above binder composition on an aluminum foil (area ⁇ 13 mm, film thickness 7 ⁇ m)
- Reference electrode, counter electrode lithium foil
- Sweep speed 0.1 mV / s
- the amount of change in the reduction current value from the second time to the third time when the potential scanning from 3 V to 4.5 V obtained by cyclic voltammetry of the above specifications is repeated three times is 0.05 ⁇ A / cm 2. It is considered that an electrochemically stable binder composition can be obtained by the following.
- the slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to this embodiment is characterized by containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as an active material and a solvent in addition to the binder composition described above.
- lithium-containing metal oxide that is an active material added to the non-aqueous electrolyte battery slurry composition of the present embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an active material)
- lithium iron phosphate LiFePO 4
- LiMnPO 4 Lithium manganese phosphate
- LiCoPO 4 lithium cobalt phosphate
- iron pyrophosphate Li 2 FeP 2 O 7
- lithium cobalt oxide composite oxide LiCoO 2
- spinel type lithium manganate composite oxidation objects LiMn 2 O 4
- lithium-containing metal oxide as an active material has an advantage that it can be a useful positive electrode because of its high potential.
- the amount of the neutralized salt of ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer used relative to 100 parts by weight of the lithium-containing metal oxide as the active material is usually 0.1-20. It is preferably part by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, still more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight. If the amount of the copolymer is too small, the viscosity of the electrode slurry may be too low and the thickness of the mixed layer may be reduced. Conversely, if the amount of the copolymer is excessive, the discharge capacity may be reduced. .
- the amount of the solvent in the slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is usually preferably 10 to 150 parts by weight, more preferably 30 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the lithium-containing metal oxide as the active material. 130 parts by weight.
- Examples of the solvent in the slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present embodiment include water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and 2-propanol, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane, N, Examples include amides such as N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide, cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. In these, use of water is preferable from a viewpoint of safety.
- the organic solvent described below may be used in combination within a range of preferably 20% by weight or less of the entire solvent.
- Such an organic solvent preferably has a boiling point at normal pressure of 100 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, for example, hydrocarbons such as n-dodecane; alcohols such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 1-nonanol.
- Esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and methyl lactate; amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide; and organic dispersion media such as sulfoxides and sulfones such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane.
- a thickener and a conductive aid can be further added to the slurry composition for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries as necessary.
- the thickener that can be added is not particularly limited, and various alcohols, particularly polysaccharides such as polyvinyl alcohol and modified products thereof, celluloses, and starch can be used.
- the amount of the thickener used as necessary in the slurry composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery is about 0.1 to 4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the lithium-containing metal oxide as the active material.
- the amount is preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 2 parts by weight. If the amount of thickener is too small, the viscosity of the slurry for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries may be too low and the thickness of the mixed layer may be reduced. Conversely, if the amount of thickener is excessive, the discharge capacity may be reduced. .
- examples of the conductive auxiliary compounded in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery slurry composition as needed include metal powder, conductive polymer, acetylene black, and the like.
- the amount of the conductive aid used is usually preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the active material.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery positive electrode is characterized in that a mixed layer containing at least the slurry composition for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of this embodiment is bound to a current collector.
- the positive electrode can be formed by applying the slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery to a current collector and then removing the solvent by a method such as drying.
- the current collector used in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery positive electrode of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a conductive material.
- a conductive material For example, iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, gold Metal materials such as platinum can be used. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination at any ratio.
- the effect of the slurry for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of the present invention is most apparent.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but usually it is preferably a sheet having a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.5 mm.
- the method for applying the nonaqueous electrolyte battery slurry to the current collector is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a dipping method, and a brush coating method.
- the amount to be applied is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the mixed layer containing the active material, conductive additive, binder and thickener formed after removing the solvent or dispersion medium by a method such as drying is preferably 0.005 to An amount of 5 mm, more preferably 0.01 to 2 mm is common.
- the method for drying a solvent such as water contained in the slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is not particularly limited.
- aeration drying with hot air, hot air or low-humidity air; vacuum drying; irradiation rays such as infrared rays, far infrared rays, and electron beams examples include drying.
- the drying conditions are preferably adjusted so that the solvent can be removed as soon as possible while the active material layer is cracked by stress concentration or the active material layer does not peel from the current collector.
- the pressing method include a die press and a roll press.
- the present invention also includes a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte battery positive electrode, the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution.
- a material usually used in a nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be used as the negative electrode.
- a material usually used in a nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be used.
- a binder such as SBR, NBR, acrylic rubber, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyvinylidene fluoride in a solvent.
- an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent can be used.
- the electrolyte solution may be liquid or gel as long as it is used for a normal non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and if it appropriately selects a battery that functions as a battery depending on the type of the negative electrode active material and the positive electrode active material. Good.
- lithium salt for example, also known lithium salt is any conventionally available, LiClO 4, LiBF 6, LiPF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiAlC l4, LiCl, LiBr, LiB (C 2 H 5) 4, CF 3 SO 3 Li, CH 3 SO 3 Li, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3, Li (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N And lower aliphatic lithium carboxylates.
- the solvent for dissolving such an electrolyte is not particularly limited. Specific examples include carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; lactones such as ⁇ -butyllactone; trimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, and 2-ethoxyethane.
- Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; oxolanes such as 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane; nitrogen-containing compounds such as acetonitrile and nitromethane; formic acid Organic acid esters such as methyl, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate and ethyl propionate; inorganic acid esters such as triethyl phosphate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate Terigres; diglymes; triglymes; sulfolanes; oxazolidinones such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone; sultones such as 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, naphtha sultone, etc.
- a gel electrolyte a nitrile polymer, an acrylic polymer, a fluorine polymer, an alkylene oxide polymer, or the like can be added as a gelling agent.
- the method for producing the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the following production method is exemplified. That is, a positive electrode and a negative electrode are overlapped via a separator such as a polypropylene porous membrane, wound or folded in accordance with the shape of the battery, put into a battery container, injected with an electrolyte, and sealed.
- the shape of the battery may be any known coin type, button type, sheet type, cylindrical type, square type, flat type, and the like.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present embodiment is a battery that achieves both improved adhesion and improved battery characteristics, and is useful for various applications.
- the battery is very useful as a battery used in a portable terminal that is required to be small, thin, light, and have high performance.
- a slurry composition for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery electrode (hereinafter also simply referred to as a slurry composition) containing a binder composition, an active material, and a solvent, the active material is a lithium-containing metal.
- the binder composition contains a neutralized salt of an ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an ⁇ -olefin and maleic acid, and is formed from the maleic acid in the copolymer.
- the neutralization degree with respect to the carboxylic acid is 0.3 to 1.0.
- Such a configuration is considered to improve battery characteristics without impairing the binding property between the collector electrodes and the active material.
- the binder composition when the neutralization degree of the aqueous solution is 0.3 to 1.0, carboxylic acid generated from maleic acids increases, and adhesion to the current collector foil and binding of molecules to each other are increased. Increases nature. As a result, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to use a thickener or a dispersant.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery positive electrode is characterized in that a mixed layer containing at least the slurry composition for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries is bound to a current collector.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution.
- Example 1 ⁇ Binder composition> 25 g (0.16 mol) of a water-soluble lithium-modified isobutene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin (average molecular weight 325,000, neutralization degree 1.0, ring opening rate 100%) was used as a binder composition. Adjusted and used in the following test. The degree of neutralization was adjusted by adding 2.0 equivalents (0.320 mol) of lithium hydroxide to the maleic acid unit in the maleic acid copolymer.
- ⁇ Electrode for CV of binder composition for nonaqueous electrolyte battery> A 10 w% aqueous solution of the above binder composition was applied onto a current collector aluminum foil (IN30-H, manufactured by Fujishi Paper) using a bar coater (T101, manufactured by Matsuo Sangyo), and heated with hot air at 80 ° C for 30 minutes. Primary drying was performed with a dryer (manufactured by Yamato Kagaku). Then, after punching out as a battery electrode ( ⁇ 13 mm, film thickness 7 ⁇ m), a CV electrode was produced by secondary drying under reduced pressure conditions at 120 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the CV electrode obtained above was transferred to a glove box (manufactured by Miwa Seisakusho) under an argon gas atmosphere.
- a metal lithium foil (thickness 0.2 mm, ⁇ 16 mm) was used as the reference and counter electrode.
- the slurry for the electrode is made of 5.56 parts by weight of a 10 w% aqueous solution of the binder composition for the positive electrode as a solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of lithium iron phosphate (LFP: purchased from Hosen) as an active material, and a conductive additive.
- LFP lithium iron phosphate
- a conductive additive As a (conductivity imparting agent), Denka black (powder, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a solid was added in an amount of 5.56 parts by weight, and kneaded using a planetary stirrer (ARE-250, manufactured by Sinky).
- an electrode coating slurry was prepared by adding water at the time of kneading and kneading again.
- the water as a solvent was 75.1 wt% with respect to the active material.
- ⁇ Preparation of positive electrode for battery> The obtained slurry was coated on a current collector aluminum foil (IN30-H, manufactured by Fujishi Paper) using a film applicator (manufactured by Tester Sangyo), and then heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes with a hot air dryer (manufactured by Yamato Kagaku). ), followeded by rolling using a roll press (made by Hosen). Then, after punching out as a battery electrode ( ⁇ 14 mm), a coin battery electrode was produced by secondary drying under reduced pressure conditions at 120 ° C. for 3 hours.
- ⁇ Measurement of thickness of positive electrode for battery> The weight and thickness (active material layer thickness of about 44 ⁇ m, active material weight of about 10.5 mg) of the battery coated electrode obtained above were measured. The thickness was measured by using a constant pressure thickness measuring instrument (manufactured by TECLOCK), and four electrodes were measured at three points, and the result was 44 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Electrode coatability> Regarding electrode coatability, measurement was performed on four electrodes and three points each using variation in electrode film thickness as an index. If the variation with respect to the average film thickness is 0 to ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ , ⁇ 0.5 to ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ m, ⁇ , ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ m, ⁇ , ⁇ If it was 2.0 ⁇ m or more, it was evaluated as x. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the battery coating electrode obtained above was transferred to a glove box (Miwa Seisakusho) under an argon gas atmosphere.
- a metal lithium foil (thickness 0.2 mm, ⁇ 16 mm) was used for the counter electrode.
- ⁇ Evaluation method charge / discharge characteristic test>
- the produced coin battery was subjected to a charge / discharge test using a commercially available charge / discharge tester (TOSCAT3100, manufactured by Toyo System).
- the coin battery was placed in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C., and charging was performed at a constant current of 0.05 C (about 0.06 mA / cm 2 ) with respect to the amount of active material until the voltage was 4 V with respect to the lithium potential.
- the capacity at this time was defined as a charging capacity (mAh / g).
- the discharge capacity maintenance rate (%) of the coin battery was defined as the ratio of the 20th discharge capacity to the 1st discharge capacity using the charge / discharge conditions described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 2 A 10 w% aqueous solution of a water-soluble lithium-modified isobutene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin (average molecular weight 325,000, neutralization degree 0.5, ring opening rate 96%) was prepared as a binder composition and used in the following tests. It was. The neutralization degree was adjusted by adding 1.0 equivalent (0.160 mol) of lithium hydroxide to the maleic acid unit in the maleic acid copolymer.
- the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.03 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- a slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 43 ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 3 A 10 w% aqueous solution of a water-soluble lithium-modified isobutene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin (average molecular weight 325,000, neutralization degree 0.3, ring opening rate 82%) was prepared as a binder composition and used in the following tests. It was. The degree of neutralization was adjusted by adding 0.60 equivalent (0.096 mol) of lithium hydroxide to the maleic acid unit in the maleic acid copolymer.
- the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.04 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- a slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 44 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 4 In Example 1, except that the active material was changed to 100 parts by weight of the active material (LiMnO 2 ), a CV electrode and a bipolar electrolytic cell were prepared and subjected to CV measurement by the same method as in Example 1. . As a result, the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.10 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- a slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 50 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 5 As a binder composition, a 50% Na salt of a 51.2 w% aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid (average molecular weight 187,000, neutralization degree 0.5, pH 6.6, manufactured by Aldrich) is used as a solid content, and an active material (LiNiO 2 ). Using 5.55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight, a CV electrode and a bipolar electrolysis cell were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and CV measurement was performed. As a result, the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.10 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- a slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 54 ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Comparative Example 2 As a positive electrode binder, 48.3 wt% aqueous solution of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a solid content, based on 100 parts by weight of active material, 4.44 parts by weight, and 1.0 w% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) Using 1.11 parts by weight of —Na) as a solid content, a CV electrode and a bipolar electrolysis cell were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and CV measurement was performed. As a result, the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.10 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt
- a positive electrode binder 48.3 wt% aqueous solution of SBR was used as a solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of active material, 4.44 parts by weight, and 1.0 w% aqueous solution of CMC-Na as a solid content of 1.11 parts by weight.
- An electrode slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 54 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- a 50% Na salt of a 51.2 w% aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid (average molecular weight 187,000, neutralization degree 0.5, pH 6.6, manufactured by Aldrich) is used as a solid content in 100 parts by weight of the active material.
- a CV electrode and a bipolar electrolysis cell were prepared by the same method as in Example 1, and CV measurement was performed. As a result, the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.12 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- a slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 47 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 3, except that the active material was changed to 100 parts by weight of the active material (LiMnO 2 ), a CV electrode and a bipolar electrolytic cell were prepared and subjected to CV measurement by the same method as in Example 1. . As a result, the amount of change in the reduction current value was 0.14 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- a slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Further, a positive electrode was produced by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a coin battery, and a charge / discharge characteristic test was performed. The film thickness measured by the same method as in Example 1 was 52 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the binder compositions of Examples 1 to 3 in which the degree of neutralization of the binder composition was in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 were 4.5 V compared to SBR / CMC-Na that is used for general purposes. It was shown from the CV measurement to be electrically stable up to, and from the mass reduction rate measurement, it was also shown to be stable thermally. Moreover, the slurry for electrodes excellent in coating property was able to be produced without adding additives, such as a thickener, by using the said binder composition. As is apparent from Table 1, it was shown that the batteries of Examples 1 to 3 achieve a low resistance and a high discharge capacity retention rate.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the degree of neutralization was less than the range of the present invention, a binder composition could not be produced.
- Comparative Example 2 in which SBR / CMC-Na, which is used for general purposes, was used as the binder composition, the mass reduction rate of the binder was large, the coatability was inferior, and the battery resistance was high.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 4 using polyacrylic acid, which is also an ordinary product the mass reduction rate of the binder was large, the coating property was inferior, and the battery resistance was high.
- the present invention has wide industrial applicability in the technical field of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries.
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Abstract
Description
(1)充電の際、水系バインダーの酸化分解が起こること。
(2)スラリーを均一分散させることが困難であること。
(3)厚塗りによる正極容量向上を図ると、乾燥による凝集応力で電極にクラックが発生すること。その結果、電極内に十分な導電経路が確保されないため、電池特性としての高率放電特性が低下する。
(4)正極活物質と水が接触・反応することで、正極活物質のリチウムが溶け出し、電極にクラックが発生し、正極容量およびサイクル特性が低下すること。
等が挙げられる。
≪2電極式電解セルの仕様≫
作用極:アルミ箔の上に上記バインダー組成物からなる層が設けられたもの(面積φ13mm、膜厚7μm)
参照極、対極:リチウム箔
電解液:1mol/Lの六フッ化リン酸リチウム溶液(溶媒:エチレンカーボネート/ジエチルカーボネート=1/1(体積比))
掃引速度:0.1mV/s
前記非水電解質電池用スラリー組成物において、活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物100重量部に対する、α-オレフィン-マレイン酸類共重合体の中和塩の使用量は、通常、0.1~20重量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.3~10重量部、さらに好ましくは0.5~8重量部である。共重合体の量が過度に少ないと電極用スラリーの粘度が低すぎて混合層の厚みが薄くなるおそれがあり、逆に、共重合体が過度に多いと放電容量が低下する可能性がある。
<バインダー組成物>
バインダー組成物として水溶性のリチウム変性イソブテン-無水マレイン酸共重合樹脂(平均分子量325,000、中和度1.0、開環率100%)25g(0.16mol)を用い、10w%水溶液を調整して以下の試験で用いた。中和度の調整は、水酸化リチウムをマレイン酸類共重合体中のマレイン酸単位に対し2.0当量(0.320mol)添加することによって行った。
上記バインダー組成物の10w%水溶液を、バーコーター(T101、松尾産業製)を用いて集電体のアルミ箔(IN30-H、冨士加工紙製)上に塗工し、80℃で30分間熱風乾燥機(ヤマト科学製)にて一次乾燥を行なった。その後、電池用電極(φ13mm、膜厚7μm)として打ち抜き後、120℃で3時間減圧条件の二次乾燥によってCV用電極を作製した。
上記で得られたCV用電極をアルゴンガス雰囲気下のグローブボックス(美和製作所製)に移送した。参照極兼対極には金属リチウム箔(厚さ0.2mm、φ16mm)を用いた。また、セパレーターとしてポリプロフィレン系(セルガード#2400、ポリポア製)を使用して、電解液は六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)のエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)の混合溶媒系(1M-LiPF6、EC/DEC=1/1vol%)を用いて注入し、コイン型2極セルを作製した。
上記で作製したコイン型2極式電解セルは、ポテンショ/ガルバノスタット1287型(ソーラトロン社製)を用いて酸化還元電流測定を行った。測定条件は掃引速度1mV/s、掃引範囲0~3Vにて実施し、各走査時に観測される電流値を測定した。2回目と3回目の電圧値4.4Vでの還元電流値を読み取り、その電流の差を作用極の面積で除した値を変化量とした。上記結果を下記表1に示す。
熱分析計(ヤマト科学社製)を用いて熱重量測定を行った。測定温度範囲50℃~1000℃、昇温速度20℃/分にて測定を行った結果、150℃での質量減少率は0.3%であった。結果を下記表1に示す。
電極用スラリー作製は活物質としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LFP:宝泉から購入)100重量部に対して、正極用バインダー組成物の10w%水溶液を固形分として5.56重量部、および導電助剤(導電付与剤)としてデンカブラック(粉状、電気化学工業製)を固形分として5.56重量部を専用容器に投入し、遊星攪拌器(ARE-250、シンキー製)を用いて混練した。スラリー粘度調整のため、混練時は水を添加して再度混練することによって電極塗工用スラリーを作製した。スラリー中の活物質とバインダーの組成比は固形分として、リン酸鉄リチウム:導電助剤:バインダー組成物=100:5.56:5.56である。また、溶媒としての水は活物質に対して75.1wt%であった。
ガラス電極pHメーター(D-51、堀場製)を用いて、上記バインダー組成物の10w%水溶液についてpH測定を行った。結果を下記表1に示す。
得られたスラリーを、フィルムアプリケーター(テスター産業製)を用いて集電体のアルミ箔(IN30-H、冨士加工紙製)上に塗工し、80℃で30分間熱風乾燥機(ヤマト科学製)にて一次乾燥後、ロールプレス(宝泉製)を用いて圧延処理を行なった。その後、電池用電極(φ14mm)として打ち抜き後、120℃で3時間減圧条件の二次乾燥によってコイン電池用電極を作製した。
上記で得られた電池用塗工電極の重量、厚み(活物質層厚み約44μm、活物質重量約10.5mg)を計測した。厚み測定には定圧厚さ測定器(TECLOCK社製)を用い、電極4枚、各3点ずつ測定を行った結果、44±0.5μmであった。
電極塗工性については、電極膜厚のばらつきを指標とし、電極4枚、各3点ずつ測定を行った。そして、平均膜厚に対してばらつきが0~±0.5μmであれば◎、±0.5~±1.0μmであれば○、±1.0~±2.0μmであれば△、±2.0μm以上であれば×として評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
上記で得られた電池用塗工電極をアルゴンガス雰囲気下のグローブボックス(美和製作所製)に移送した。対極には金属リチウム箔(厚さ0.2mm、φ16mm)を用いた。また、セパレーターとしてポリプロフィレン系(セルガード#2400、ポリポア製)を使用して、電解液は六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)のエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)の混合溶媒系(1M-LiPF6、EC/DEC=1/1vol%)を用いて注入し、コイン電池(2032タイプ)を作製した。
作製したコイン電池は、市販充放電試験機(TOSCAT3100、東洋システム製)を用いて充放電試験を実施した。コイン電池を25℃の恒温槽に置き、充電はリチウム電位に対して4Vになるまで活物質量に対して0.05C(約0.06mA/cm2)の定電流充電を行った。このときの容量を充電容量(mAh/g)とした。次いで、リチウム電位に対して0.05C(約0.06mA/cm2)の定電流放電を2Vまで行い、このときの容量を放電容量(mAh/g)とした。放電容量/充電容量の百分率を充放電効率とした。コイン電池の交流抵抗は、1回の充電を行った後(満充電状態)の抵抗値を採用した。上記結果を下記表1に示す。
バインダー組成物として水溶性のリチウム変性イソブテン-無水マレイン酸共重合樹脂(平均分子量325,000、中和度0.5、開環率96%)の10w%水溶液を調整して以下の試験で用いた。中和度の調整は、水酸化リチウムをマレイン酸類共重合体中のマレイン酸単位に対し1.0当量(0.160mol)添加することによって行った。
バインダー組成物として水溶性のリチウム変性イソブテン-無水マレイン酸共重合樹脂(平均分子量325,000、中和度0.3、開環率82%)の10w%水溶液を調整して以下の試験で用いた。中和度の調整は、水酸化リチウムをマレイン酸類共重合体中のマレイン酸単位に対し0.60当量(0.096mol)添加することによって行った。
実施例1において、活物質を活物質(LiMnO2)100重量部に変えた以外は、記実施例1と同様の方法によってCV用電極、及び2極式電解セルを作製しCV測定を行った。結果、還元電流値の変化量は0.10μA/cm2であった。
バインダー組成物としてポリアクリル酸(平均分子量187,000、中和度0.5、pH6.6、アルドリッチ製)の51.2w%水溶液の50%Na塩を固形分として、活物質(LiNiO2)100重量部に対し、5.55重量部用い、上記実施例1と同様の方法によってCV用電極、及び2極式電解セルを作製しCV測定を行った。結果、還元電流値の変化量は0.10μA/cm2であった。
水酸化リチウムをマレイン酸類共重合体中のマレイン酸単位に対し0.4当量(0.064mol)を添加することによって、中和度0.2の水溶性のリチウム変性イソブテン-無水マレイン酸共重合樹脂(平均分子量325,000)を得ようとしたが、溶解性が低く水溶性樹脂を得ることができなかった。よって、バインダー組成物の製造ができなかった。
正極用バインダーとして48.3wt%水溶液のスチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)を固形分として、活物質100重量部に対し、4.44重量部、および1.0w%水溶液のカルボキシメチルセルロース・ナトリウム塩(CMC-Na)を固形分として1.11重量部を用い、上記実施例1と同様の方法によってCV用電極、及び2極式電解セルを作製しCV測定を行った。結果、還元電流値の変化量は0.10μA/cm2であった。
バインダー組成物としてポリアクリル酸(平均分子量187,000、中和度0.5、pH6.6、アルドリッチ製)の51.2w%水溶液の50%Na塩を固形分として、活物質100重量部に対し、5.55重量部用い、上記実施例1と同様の方法によってCV用電極、及び2極式電解セルを作製しCV測定を行った。結果、還元電流値の変化量は0.12μA/cm2であった。
比較例3において、活物質を活物質(LiMnO2)100重量部に変えた以外は、記実施例1と同様の方法によってCV用電極、及び2極式電解セルを作製しCV測定を行った。結果、還元電流値の変化量は0.14μA/cm2であった。
バインダー組成物の中和度が0.3~1.0の範囲であった実施例1~3のバインダー組成物は、汎用的に用いられているSBR/CMC-Naと比較し、4.5Vまで電気的に安定であることがCV測定から示され、熱的にも質量減少率測定から安定であることが示された。また、前記バインダー組成物を用いることで、増粘剤などの添加剤を入れることなく塗工性に優れた電極用スラリーを作製できた。そして、表1から明らかなように、実施例1~3の電池では、低抵抗化及び高い放電容量維持率が実現することが示された。
Claims (3)
- バインダー組成物と活物質と溶媒とを含有する、非水電解質電池電極用スラリー組成物であって、
前記活物質がリチウム含有金属酸化物であり、
前記バインダー組成物が、α-オレフィン類とマレイン酸類とが共重合したα-オレフィン-マレイン酸類共重合体の中和塩を含み、かつ、前記共重合体におけるマレイン酸類から生成するカルボン酸に対する中和度が0.3~1.0である、非水電解質電池電極用スラリー組成物。 - 請求項1に記載のスラリー組成物を含有する混合層を集電体に結着してなる、非水電解質電池正極。
- 請求項2に記載の非水電解質電池正極を有する、非水電解質電池。
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