WO2017013718A1 - 非水電解質電池および電池パック - Google Patents
非水電解質電池および電池パック Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017013718A1 WO2017013718A1 PCT/JP2015/070595 JP2015070595W WO2017013718A1 WO 2017013718 A1 WO2017013718 A1 WO 2017013718A1 JP 2015070595 W JP2015070595 W JP 2015070595W WO 2017013718 A1 WO2017013718 A1 WO 2017013718A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- peak
- negative electrode
- aqueous electrolyte
- electrolyte battery
- Prior art date
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- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments relate to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery and a battery pack.
- a power storage system is constructed by connecting a 12V lead-acid battery and a lithium ion secondary battery in parallel, and a system that exhibits higher input / output characteristics than the conventional lead-acid battery system is being developed.
- a power storage system for example, when mounted on an automobile, it is expected to enable power generation using regenerative energy and to obtain a large current discharge necessary for engine restart after idling stop.
- Embodiments provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery and a battery pack having high average operating voltage and high temperature durability.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode contains titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes at least spinel type lithium manganate as a positive electrode active material.
- This spinel type lithium manganate is represented by the chemical formula LiMn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 .
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Al, and Ga.
- the subscript x satisfies the inequality 0.22 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the embodiment is charged at a constant current of 1 C, then is charged at a constant voltage of 2.8 V, and the voltage is 1.V from the state where the constant voltage charging is performed until the current value reaches 0.05 C.
- the curve obtained with the vertical axis representing dQ / dV and the voltage representing the horizontal axis when discharging at a constant current of 0.5 C until reaching 5 V has at least two peaks.
- the peak that appears in the range of 2.54V to 2.65V is the first peak
- the peak that appears in the range of 2.4V to less than 2.54V is the second peak
- the dQ / dV peak intensity A of the second peak and the dQ / dV peak intensity B of the second peak satisfy 0.8 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 1.0.
- FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery of a first example according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part A in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the second example according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an example battery pack according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an electric circuit of the battery pack shown in FIG. 6 is a plot of dQ / dV versus voltage obtained for the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a plot curve of dQ / dV versus voltage obtained for the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Example 3.
- FIG. 8 is a plot of dQ / dV versus voltage obtained for the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Comparative Example 2.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode contains titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes at least spinel type lithium manganate as a positive electrode active material.
- This spinel type lithium manganate is represented by the chemical formula LiMn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 .
- the element M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Al, and Ga.
- the subscript x satisfies the inequality 0.22 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7.
- the peak that appears in the range of 2.54V to 2.65V is the first peak
- the peak that appears in the range of 2.4V to less than 2.54V is the second peak
- the dQ / dV peak intensity A of the second peak and the dQ / dV peak intensity B of the second peak satisfy 0.8 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 1.0.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the embodiment has the above-described configuration, the average operating voltage can be increased, and the deterioration of the positive electrode in a high temperature environment can be suppressed, and the deterioration of input / output characteristics can be suppressed.
- Idling stop vehicles that use an idling stop system require high current discharge characteristics to restart the automobile engine. It is known that when a lead-acid battery is used in an idling stop system application that requires high-current discharge characteristics, the life of the lead-acid battery is significantly reduced. It is thought that the main cause of the life reduction is that in lead-acid batteries, the voltage drop during discharge is large, and lead sulfate coarse particles are formed on the electrode surface. In order to suppress such deterioration, it is necessary to reduce the discharge load of the lead storage battery by maintaining it in a high voltage range. A preferred voltage range for suppressing degradation is believed to be 12.5V to 14.0V.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the embodiment can increase the average operating voltage. Therefore, deterioration of the lead storage battery can be suppressed by connecting the nonaqueous electrolyte battery in parallel with the lead storage battery in the power storage system.
- the curve is in the range of 2.2 V or more and less than 2.4 V Can have a third peak.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may have an increase in electrical resistance over time. In the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the curve of the dQ / dV plot has a third peak, an increase in electrical resistance is suppressed.
- the spinel type lithium manganate contained as the positive electrode active material is a spinel type lithium manganate represented by LiMn 2 O 4 , and a part of Mn is Mg, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Al, and Ga. Substituted with at least one element M selected.
- the spinel-type lithium manganate of the embodiment is represented by the chemical formula Li 1-a Mn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 .
- the subscript x satisfies the inequality 0.22 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7.
- the dQ / dV curve in the constant current discharge of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery has a first peak that appears in the range of 2.54 V or more and 2.65 V or less because lithium ions are occluded by the spinel type lithium manganate.
- the dQ / dV curve having a second peak appearing in the range of 2.4 V or more and less than 2.54 V also means that lithium ions are occluded by the spinel type lithium manganate.
- the valence of Mn in the spinel type lithium manganate is different between the first peak and the second peak.
- the first peak means that the valence of Mn is 4 in the spinel type lithium manganate (Mn 4+ ).
- the second peak means that the valence of Mn is 3 (Mn 3+ ).
- the spinel type lithium manganate becomes more stable, whereas when the valence of Mn is 3, the spinel type lithium manganate becomes unstable. Therefore, it is desirable that the proportion of spinel-type lithium manganate having a valence of Mn of 3 contributes to charge / discharge of the battery is smaller. Accordingly, it is desirable that the peak intensity A of the first peak is lower than the peak intensity B of the second peak, that is, the peak intensity ratio A / B in the dQ / dV plot is 1.0 or less.
- the potential width of the positive electrode increases. If the potential width of the positive electrode becomes too wide, the number of regions that do not correspond to the potential of the negative electrode increases, and the capacity of the entire battery decreases. Moreover, since the operating voltage of a battery will fall, it is not preferable. In order to keep the capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery high and keep the operating voltage high, it is desirable that the peak intensity ratio A / B is 0.8 or more.
- the positive electrode has a capacity per active material weight in the range of 3.0 V to 3.9 V (vs. Li / Li + ) with respect to the redox potential of the metal Li.
- a capacity per active material weight in the range of 3.0 V to 3.9 V (vs. Li / Li + ) with respect to the redox potential of the metal Li.
- Li 1 + b Mn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 having an increased Li content is formed.
- the Li 1 + b Mn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 in which Li is excessive has a crystal structure that easily changes from a cubic crystal to a tetragonal crystal similar to the Li 1 ⁇ a Mn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4. It is unstable.
- the positive electrode active material having a capacity in the range of 3.0 V or more and 3.9 V or less vs. Li / Li +
- the potential can be prevented from decreasing to 3.0 V or less.
- lithium nickel composite oxide for example, LiNiO 2
- lithium cobalt composite oxide LiCoO 2
- lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide for example, LiNi 1-x Co x O 2 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1
- lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide e.g., LiNi 1-xy Co x Mn y O 2, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1
- lithium-manganese-cobalt composite Oxides for example, LiMn x Co 1-x O 2 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ).
- the fact that the dQ / dV curve has the third peak means that lithium ions are occluded / released by the positive electrode active material containing cobalt (Co).
- the electrode When gas is generated in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the electrode may expand. There is a gap in the expanded electrode, and the electrical resistance increases due to this gap.
- the gas In a non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which lithium ion storage / release associated with charge / discharge is performed with a positive electrode active material containing Co, even if gas is generated in the battery, the gas is generated by the reaction between the positive electrode active material containing Co and the gas. Is processed. Therefore, the expansion of the electrode is suppressed, and as a result, an increase in electrical resistance can be prevented, which is preferable.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having a third peak in the dQ / dV curve has a lower operating voltage than a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having no third peak.
- the suppression of the increase in electrical resistance sufficiently compensates for the demerit caused by the decrease in the operating voltage.
- the assembled battery is subjected to aging and degassing under appropriate conditions.
- Aging is performed, for example, by leaving a non-aqueous electrolyte battery adjusted so that the state of charge is 20% SOC in a 60 ° C. environment for 90 hours.
- the aging temperature can be raised or lowered as needed.
- the aging time can be extended or shortened as necessary.
- Degassing can be performed, for example, by performing aging in a state in which the nonaqueous electrolyte battery is temporarily sealed, and releasing the temporary sealing after aging is completed.
- the peak intensity ratio A / B in the dQ / dV plot can be changed by, for example, the amount of Al added to the spinel type lithium manganate as the positive electrode active material.
- the peak intensity A of the first peak tends to decrease.
- the peak intensity A / B varies depending on the ratio of the capacity per unit area of the positive electrode and the capacity per unit area of the negative electrode in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery. In the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the embodiment, the ratio of the capacity per unit area of the positive electrode tends to increase, the peak intensity A of the first peak decreases, and the peak intensity B of the second peak tends to increase.
- the appearance of the third peak can be influenced by the design of the positive electrode or negative electrode included in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery. For example, when the active material having a wide potential width is included in the negative electrode, the third peak is easily developed. In the positive electrode, the third peak can be developed by increasing the content of the positive electrode active material containing Co.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment can achieve both the effect of increasing the average operating voltage and the effect of suppressing the deterioration of input / output characteristics due to the deterioration of the positive electrode in a high temperature environment. . That is, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment can exhibit a high average operating voltage and excellent high temperature durability.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode can include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector can include a portion that does not carry the negative electrode mixture layer on the surface. This part can serve as a negative electrode tab. Alternatively, the negative electrode can further include a negative electrode tab separate from the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer can contain titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode mixture layer can further include a conductive agent and a binder as necessary.
- the positive electrode can include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector can include a portion that does not carry the positive electrode mixture layer on the surface. This part can serve as a positive electrode tab. Alternatively, the positive electrode may further include a positive electrode tab separate from the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain spinel type lithium manganate as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can further include a conductive agent and a binder as necessary.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode can constitute an electrode group.
- the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer can face each other via a separator.
- the structure of the electrode group is not particularly limited, and various structures can be employed.
- the electrode group can have a stacked structure.
- the electrode group having a stack structure is obtained, for example, by laminating a plurality of positive electrodes and negative electrodes with a separator interposed between a positive electrode mixture layer and a negative electrode mixture layer.
- the electrode group can have a wound structure, for example.
- a wound electrode group is formed by laminating one separator, one positive electrode, another separator, and one negative electrode in this order. It is obtained by winding so that the outermost layer becomes a negative electrode.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery can further include a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode terminal can function as a conductor for electrons to move between the negative electrode and the external terminal by being partly connected to a part of the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode terminal can be connected to, for example, a negative electrode current collector, particularly a negative electrode tab.
- the positive electrode terminal can function as a conductor for electrons to move between the positive electrode and an external circuit by being electrically connected to a part of the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode terminal can be connected to, for example, a positive electrode current collector, particularly a positive electrode tab.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment can further include an exterior material.
- the exterior material can accommodate the electrode group and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode group can be impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolyte in the exterior material.
- a part of each of the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal can be extended from the exterior material.
- the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the nonaqueous electrolyte, the separator, the positive electrode terminal, the negative electrode terminal, and the exterior material will be described in more detail.
- Negative electrode As the negative electrode current collector, a sheet containing a material having high electrical conductivity can be used.
- an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil can be used as the negative electrode current collector.
- the thickness is 20 micrometers or less, for example, Preferably it is 15 micrometers or less.
- the aluminum alloy foil can contain magnesium, zinc, silicon and the like.
- content of transition metals, such as iron, copper, nickel, and chromium contained in aluminum alloy foil is 1% or less.
- Titanium oxide contained in the negative electrode is a lithium titanium composite oxide having a spinel structure (Li 4 + x Ti 5 O 12 (subscript x varies between 0 and 3 depending on the charge / discharge state)) and ramsdellite type Lithium titanate having a structure (Li 2 + x Ti 3 O 7 (subscript x varies between 0 and 2 depending on the charge / discharge state)), monoclinic titanium dioxide (Li x TiO 2 (B) (subscript x varies between 0 and 1 depending on the charge / discharge state)), and monoclinic niobium titanium composite oxide (for example, Li x Nb 2 TiO 7 (subscript x varies between 0 and 4 depending on the charge / discharge state) And at least one selected from the group consisting of: More preferably, the titanium oxide is a lithium titanium composite oxide having a spinel structure.
- Titanium oxide can be contained in the negative electrode mixture layer as negative electrode active material particles containing titanium oxide.
- the average primary particle diameter of the negative electrode active material particles is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less. When the average primary particle diameter is 5 ⁇ m or less, an effective area contributing to the electrode reaction can be sufficiently secured, and good large current discharge characteristics can be obtained in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- the negative electrode active material particles preferably have a specific surface area of 1 to 10 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area is 1 m 2 / g or more, the effective area contributing to the electrode reaction is sufficient, and good large current discharge characteristics can be obtained in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- the specific surface area is 10 m 2 / g or less, the reaction with the non-aqueous electrolyte is suppressed, and the decrease in charge / discharge efficiency and the generation of gas during storage can be suppressed.
- the negative electrode conductive agent is used as necessary to enhance the current collecting performance.
- the negative electrode conductive agent is, for example, a carbon material.
- the carbon material preferably has high alkali metal occlusion and conductivity. Examples of the carbon material include acetylene black and carbon black.
- the negative electrode binder is used to bind the negative electrode active material particles and the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode binder include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), fluorine rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). It is.
- the proportions of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode conductive agent and the negative electrode binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer are preferably 70 to 95% by weight, 0 to 25% by weight and 2 to 10% by weight, respectively.
- the negative electrode can be produced, for example, by the following procedure. First, a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder are put into a suitable solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a slurry. This slurry is applied to the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the coating film is dried. The slurry may be applied only to one surface of the negative electrode current collector. Alternatively, the slurry may be applied to both sides of one surface of the negative electrode current collector and the opposite surface. A negative electrode is completed by pressing the dried coating film into a negative electrode mixture layer having a desired density.
- a suitable solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone
- a sheet containing a material having high electrical conductivity can be used.
- an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil can be used as the positive electrode current collector.
- the thickness is 20 micrometers or less, for example, Preferably it is 15 micrometers or less.
- the aluminum alloy foil can contain magnesium, zinc, silicon and the like.
- content of transition metals, such as iron, copper, nickel, and chromium contained in aluminum alloy foil is 1% or less.
- the positive electrode composite material layer is 3.0 V or more and 3.9 V or less with respect to the redox potential of metal Li ( (vs. Li / Li + ) in the range of at least one positive electrode active material having a capacity per active material weight of 10 mAh / g or more and 150 mAh / g or less.
- a positive electrode active material can be included in the range of 0.01 or more and 0.05 or less, assuming that the weight per unit area of the spinel type lithium manganate is 1.
- the positive electrode active material is, for example, a lithium nickel composite oxide (for example, LiNiO 2 ), a lithium cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO 2 ), a lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide (for example, LiNi 1-x Co x O 2 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 ), Lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide (for example, LiNi 1-xy Co x Mn y O 2 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1) lithium manganese cobalt composite oxide (for example, LiMn x Co 1-x O 2 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ).
- a lithium nickel composite oxide for example, LiNiO 2
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt composite oxide
- LiNi 1-x Co x O 2 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1
- Lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide for example, LiNi
- the positive electrode conductive agent is used as necessary to enhance the current collecting performance.
- Examples of the positive electrode conductive agent include acetylene black, carbon black, and graphite.
- the positive electrode binder is used to bind the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- positive electrode binders include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), fluorine-based rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). It is.
- the proportions of the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode conductive agent, and the positive electrode binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer are preferably 80 to 95% by weight, 3 to 20% by weight, and 2 to 7% by weight, respectively.
- the positive electrode can be produced, for example, by the following procedure. First, a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder are put into a suitable solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a slurry. This slurry is applied to the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the coating film is dried. The slurry may be applied only to one surface of the negative electrode current collector. Alternatively, the slurry may be applied to both sides of one surface of the negative electrode current collector and the opposite surface. A positive electrode is completed by pressing the dried coating film into a positive electrode mixture layer having a desired density.
- a suitable solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone
- the separator is made of an insulating material and can prevent electrical contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator is made of a material through which the non-aqueous electrolyte can pass, or has a shape through which the non-aqueous electrolyte can pass.
- the separator is, for example, a synthetic resin nonwoven fabric, a polyethylene porous film, a polypropylene porous film, or a cellulose separator.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte can contain, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte and an additive dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be a known non-aqueous solvent used for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries.
- a first example of a non-aqueous solvent is a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC).
- Second examples of non-aqueous solvents are linear carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate; cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; And chain ethers such as dimethoxyethane and diethoxyethane.
- the solvent of the second example generally has a lower viscosity than the solvent of the first example.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be a solvent obtained by mixing the solvent of the first example and the solvent of the second example.
- the electrolyte is, for example, an alkali salt, preferably a lithium salt.
- the electrolyte preferably contains at least one lithium salt having an van der Waals ionic radius of an anion of 0.25 nm to 0.4 nm.
- Such lithium salts are, for example, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ).
- the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ).
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the nonaqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.5 to 2 mol / L.
- Negative electrode terminal and positive electrode terminal are preferably formed of a material having high electrical conductivity. When connecting to the current collector, these terminals are preferably made of the same material as the current collector in order to reduce contact resistance.
- Exterior Material for example, a metal container or a laminate film container can be used, but it is not particularly limited.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery excellent in impact resistance and long-term reliability can be realized.
- a laminate film container as the exterior material it is possible to realize a non-aqueous electrolyte battery excellent in corrosion resistance and to reduce the weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- a metal container having a thickness in the range of 0.2 to 5 mm can be used. More preferably, the metal container has a thickness of 0.5 mm or less.
- the metal container preferably contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn, and Al.
- the metal container can be made of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum alloy is preferably an alloy containing elements such as magnesium, zinc, and silicon.
- the alloy contains a transition metal such as iron, copper, nickel, or chromium, the content is preferably 1% by weight or less.
- a laminate film container having a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm can be used.
- the thickness of the laminate film is more preferably 0.2 mm or less.
- the laminate film is composed of, for example, a multilayer film including a metal layer and a resin layer sandwiching the metal layer.
- the metal layer preferably contains a metal including at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn, and Al.
- the metal layer is preferably an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil for weight reduction.
- a polymer material such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be used.
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the laminate film can be molded into the shape of an exterior material by sealing by heat sealing.
- Examples of the shape of the exterior material include a flat type (thin type), a square type, a cylindrical type, a coin type, and a button type.
- An exterior material can take various dimensions according to a use. For example, when the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment is used for a portable electronic device, the exterior material can be made small according to the size of the electronic device to be mounted. Alternatively, in the case of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery mounted on a two-wheel or four-wheel automobile, the container may be a large battery container.
- FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a first example nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part A of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery shown in FIG.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a flat electrode group 1.
- the flat electrode group 1 includes a negative electrode 2, a positive electrode 3, and a separator 4.
- the negative electrode 2 includes a negative electrode current collector 2a and a negative electrode mixture layer 2b supported on the negative electrode current collector 2a.
- the positive electrode 3 includes a positive electrode current collector 3a and a positive electrode mixture layer 3b supported on the positive electrode current collector 3a.
- the negative electrode 2 and the positive electrode 3 are laminated with the separator 4 interposed between the negative electrode mixture layer 2b and the positive electrode mixture layer 3b.
- Such an electrode group 1 can be obtained by the following procedure. First, one flat negative electrode 2, one separator 4, and one flat positive electrode 3 are laminated in this order. Next, another separator 4 is further laminated on the positive electrode mixture layer 3 b of the positive electrode 3 to make a laminate. This laminate is wound so that the outermost layer is the negative electrode 2. Next, after removing the winding core, press to make it flat. Thus, the electrode group 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be obtained.
- a strip-like negative electrode terminal 5 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 2.
- a strip-like positive electrode terminal 6 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 3.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 further includes an outer package bag 7 made of a laminate film as a container. That is, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery 100 includes an exterior material composed of an exterior bag 7 made of a laminate film.
- the electrode group 1 is accommodated in an outer packaging bag 7 made of a laminate film. However, the end portions of the negative electrode terminal 5 and the positive electrode terminal 6 extend from the outer bag 7.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is accommodated in the laminated film-made outer bag 7. The nonaqueous electrolyte is impregnated in the electrode group 1.
- the outer bag 7 is heat-sealed at the periphery, thereby sealing the electrode group 1 and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the second example according to the first embodiment.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 shown in FIG. 3 is greatly different from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 of the first example in that the exterior material is composed of a metal container 7a and a sealing plate 7b.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 shown in FIG. 3 includes an electrode group 1 similar to the electrode group 1 of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 of the first example.
- the member used as the negative electrode terminal 5 in the first example is used as the negative electrode tab 5a
- the positive electrode terminal 6 is used in the first example. It differs from the electrode group 1 of the first example in that the used member is used as the positive electrode tab 6a.
- such an electrode group 1 is accommodated in a metal container 7a.
- the metal container 7a further stores a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the metal container 7a is sealed with a metal sealing plate 7b.
- the metal container 7a and the sealing plate 7b constitute, for example, an exterior can as an exterior material.
- the sealing plate 7 b is provided with a negative electrode terminal 5 and a positive electrode terminal 6.
- An insulating member 7c is disposed between the positive terminal 6 and the sealing plate 7b. Thereby, the positive electrode terminal 6 and the sealing board 7b are electrically insulated.
- the negative electrode terminal 5 is connected to the negative electrode tab 5a as shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode terminal 6 is connected to the positive electrode tab 6a.
- a battery maintaining a capacity of 98% or more with respect to the rated capacity is charged at a constant current at a rate of 1C, then charged at a constant voltage of 2.8V, and this constant voltage is charged until the current value reaches 0.05C.
- the performed state is assumed to be SOC 100%. While the battery is discharged at a constant current of 0.5 C from 100% SOC to 1.5 V, the capacity of the battery for each voltage is measured. From the result, for example, dQ / dV is plotted on the vertical axis and voltage is plotted on the horizontal axis to obtain a dQ / dV curve of the battery.
- the capacity of the battery is preferably measured at least every 0.05V.
- Aging is performed by temporarily sealing the exterior material containing the electrode group and the non-aqueous electrolyte. After the aging is completed, the temporary sealing is released, the gas in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery is degassed, and then the main sealing is performed.
- the temporary sealing is not particularly limited as long as it can withstand the pressure of the gas generated in the cell of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery during aging. Moreover, it is preferable to release the temporary sealing for degassing in, for example, an inert atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- Aging of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be performed, for example, in an environment of 60 ° C. for 90 hours.
- the aging temperature can be raised or lowered as needed.
- the aging time can be extended or shortened as necessary.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment includes a negative electrode containing titanium oxide, a chemical formula LiMn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 (M is Mg, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Al, and Ga). At least one selected from the group consisting of: a positive electrode containing spinel type lithium manganate represented by 0.22 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7), and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the curve obtained with dQ / dV as the vertical axis and voltage as the horizontal axis has at least two peaks.
- the peak that appears in the range of 2.54V or more and 2.65V or less is the first peak
- the peak that appears in the range of 2.4V or more and less than 2.54V is the second peak
- the dQ / dV peak intensity A of the first peak and the dQ / dV peak intensity B of the second peak satisfy 0.8 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 1.0.
- a battery pack is provided.
- This battery pack includes the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment.
- the battery pack according to the second embodiment can also include a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries.
- the plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries can be electrically connected in series, or can be electrically connected in parallel.
- a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries can be connected in a combination of series and parallel.
- the battery pack according to the second embodiment can include five first nonaqueous electrolyte batteries. These non-aqueous electrolyte batteries can be connected in series. Moreover, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery connected in series can comprise an assembled battery. That is, the battery pack according to the second embodiment can include an assembled battery.
- the battery pack according to the second embodiment can include a plurality of assembled batteries.
- the plurality of assembled batteries can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an example battery pack according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an electric circuit of the battery pack of FIG.
- the battery pack 20 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes a plurality of unit cells 21.
- the unit cell 21 may be the flat nonaqueous electrolyte battery 100 of an example according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the plurality of single cells 21 are stacked such that the negative electrode terminal 5 and the positive electrode terminal 6 extending to the outside are aligned in the same direction, and are fastened with an adhesive tape 22 to constitute an assembled battery 23. These unit cells 21 are electrically connected to each other in series as shown in FIG.
- the printed wiring board 24 is disposed so as to face the side surface from which the negative electrode terminal 5 and the positive electrode terminal 6 of the unit cell 21 extend. As shown in FIG. 5, the printed wiring board 24 is mounted with a thermistor 25, a protection circuit 26, and a terminal 27 for energizing external devices. The printed wiring board 24 is provided with an insulating plate (not shown) on the surface facing the assembled battery 23 in order to avoid unnecessary wiring and wiring of the assembled battery 23.
- the positive electrode side lead 28 is connected to the positive electrode terminal 6 located in the lowermost layer of the assembled battery 23, and the tip thereof is inserted into the positive electrode side connector 29 of the printed wiring board 24 and electrically connected thereto.
- the negative electrode side lead 30 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 5 located in the uppermost layer of the assembled battery 23, and the tip thereof is inserted into the negative electrode side connector 31 of the printed wiring board 24 and electrically connected thereto.
- These connectors 29 and 31 are connected to the protection circuit 26 through wirings 32 and 33 formed on the printed wiring board 24.
- the thermistor 25 detects the temperature of the unit cell 21, and the detection signal is transmitted to the protection circuit 26.
- the protection circuit 26 can cut off the plus side wiring 34a and the minus side wiring 34b between the protection circuit 26 and the energization terminal 27 to the external device under a predetermined condition.
- An example of the predetermined condition is, for example, when the temperature detected by the thermistor 25 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
- Another example of the predetermined condition is when, for example, overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, or the like of the cell 21 is detected. This detection of overcharge or the like is performed for each individual cell 21 or the entire assembled battery 23. When detecting each single cell 21, the battery voltage may be detected, or the positive electrode potential or the negative electrode potential may be detected.
- a lithium electrode used as a reference electrode is inserted into each unit cell 21.
- a wiring 35 for voltage detection is connected to each unit cell 21. A detection signal is transmitted to the protection circuit 26 through these wirings 35.
- Protective sheets 36 made of rubber or resin are disposed on the three side surfaces of the assembled battery 23 excluding the side surfaces from which the positive electrode terminal 6 and the negative electrode terminal 5 protrude.
- the assembled battery 23 is stored in a storage container 37 together with each protective sheet 36 and the printed wiring board 24. That is, the protective sheet 36 is disposed on each of the inner side surface in the long side direction and the inner side surface in the short side direction of the storage container 37, and the printed wiring board 24 is disposed on the inner side surface on the opposite side in the short side direction.
- the assembled battery 23 is located in a space surrounded by the protective sheet 36 and the printed wiring board 24.
- the lid 38 is attached to the upper surface of the storage container 37.
- a heat shrink tape may be used for fixing the assembled battery 23.
- protective sheets are arranged on both side surfaces of the assembled battery, the heat shrinkable tape is circulated, and then the heat shrinkable tape is heat shrunk to bind the assembled battery.
- 4 and 5 show a configuration in which the unit cells 21 are connected in series, but they may be connected in parallel in order to increase the battery capacity. Further, the assembled battery packs can be connected in series and / or in parallel.
- the aspect of the battery pack according to the second embodiment is appropriately changed depending on the application.
- a battery pack in which a cycle characteristic with a large current characteristic is desired is preferable.
- Specific applications include power supplies for digital cameras, and in-vehicle applications such as two-wheel to four-wheel hybrid electric vehicles, two-wheel to four-wheel electric vehicles, and assist bicycles.
- the battery pack according to the second embodiment is particularly suitable for in-vehicle use.
- the battery pack according to the second embodiment includes the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the first embodiment, it can exhibit a high average operating voltage and can exhibit excellent cycle characteristics.
- Example 1 the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Example 1 was produced by the following procedure.
- This slurry was applied to both sides of a current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m so that the coating amount on one side was 70 g / m 2, and the coating film was dried. Next, the dried coating film was pressed. Thus, a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer having a density of 2.8 g / cm 3 was produced.
- this slurry was applied to both sides of a current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m so that the coating amount on one side was 30 g / m 2, and the coating film was dried. Next, the dried coating film was pressed. Thus, a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer having a density of 2.1 g / cm 3 was produced.
- Electrode group ⁇ Production of electrode group>
- the positive electrode produced as described above, a separator made of a polyethylene porous film having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, the negative electrode produced as described above, and another separator were laminated in this order.
- the obtained laminate was wound in a spiral shape so that the negative electrode was located on the outermost periphery, to produce an electrode group. This was heated and pressed at 90 ° C. to produce a flat electrode group.
- the obtained electrode group was housed in an exterior can as an exterior material and vacuum dried at about 95 ° C. for 8 hours.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2 to prepare a mixed solvent.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected into the outer can containing the electrode group obtained as described above from a liquid injection port provided on the surface of the outer can.
- the liquid inlet was temporarily sealed so that the pressure resistance was 0.4 Mpa or higher in a reduced pressure environment of ⁇ 90 kPa.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery was charged at a 1C rate for 13 minutes to obtain a SOC of 20%, and then subjected to aging in a 60 ° C. environment for 90 hours. After the aging was completed, in a reduced pressure environment of ⁇ 90 kPa, the temporary sealing was opened, the gas in the cell was degassed, and the main sealing was performed on the liquid injection port to produce a nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- the curve of the dQ / dV plot was obtained with the measuring method of dQ / dV mentioned above.
- the curve of the dQ / dV plot thus obtained is shown in FIG.
- the curve of the dQ / dV plot of Example 1 has a first peak (P1) near 2.68V and a second peak (P2) near 2.50V.
- the dQ / dV peak intensity ratio A / B between the dQ / dV peak intensity A of the first peak and the dQ / dV peak intensity B of the second peak was 0.86.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture obtained by mixing at a ratio was used as the positive electrode active material.
- the dQ / dV peak intensity ratio A / B was 0.81.
- Example 3 a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount applied to one side of the positive electrode slurry was adjusted to 60 g / m 2 .
- the curve of the dQ / dV plot in Example 3 has a first peak (P1 ′) near 2.60 V and a second peak (P2 ′) near 2.50 V, It has a third peak (P3 ′) near 2.31V.
- the dQ / dV peak intensity ratio A / B was 0.87.
- the dQ / dV peak intensity ratio A / B was 1.14.
- Comparative Example 2 a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount applied to one side of the positive electrode slurry was adjusted to 80 g / m 2 .
- Comparative Example 3 a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the coating amount on one side of the positive electrode slurry was adjusted to 50 g / m 2 .
- OCV 50 open circuit cell voltage
- each nonaqueous electrolyte battery was charged with a constant current.
- the charging conditions were such that the current value was set to 0.2 C and the charge end voltage was 2.8V. After constant current charging until the voltage reached 2.8 V, constant voltage charging was performed under a 25 ° C. environment until the current value reached 0.05C.
- each nonaqueous electrolyte battery was discharged.
- the discharge conditions were such that the current value was set to 0.2 C, and the final discharge voltage was 1.5V.
- This discharge was performed under a constant current condition in an environment of 25 ° C.
- the discharge amount at this time was measured as a discharge capacity at 0.2C.
- the ratio of the capacity after the cycle test with respect to the capacity before the cycle test measured by the above method was defined as the capacity retention rate of each nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- each non-aqueous electrolyte battery was charged so as to have a charging rate of 50% with respect to the rated capacity in the same manner as the charging in the above-described measurement of OCV 50 . Thereafter, these nonaqueous electrolyte batteries were discharged in an environment of 25 ° C. The discharge here was carried out at a 10C rate for 10 seconds. The resistance at this time was measured as follows. The voltage before current application was set to V 0 . On the other hand, the voltage at the time of 10 seconds discharging was V 10. When the current value corresponding to a 10C rate was I 10C, 10 seconds resistor R 10 sec is calculated from the following equation.
- the values of the increase of R 10 sec before and after the cycle test, the ratio of the value of the rise of R 10 sec in Comparative Example 1, and the rate of increase in resistance in each of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery did.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte batteries of Examples 1 to 3 have a higher average operating voltage than the non-aqueous electrolyte batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the obtained capacity maintenance ratio after 2000 cycles is about 99. %was. Furthermore, when the resistance increase rate before and after the cycle in Comparative Example 1 was 1.00, the resistance increase rate was less than 0.95 in the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of Examples 1 to 3, and the resistance increase rate of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was It was lower than the resistance increase rate of any of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a high capacity retention rate can be obtained, but the average operating voltage has decreased.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of Examples 1 to 3 have all of the high average operating voltage, the high temperature durability characteristics, and the low resistance increase rate.
- the third peak is around 2.31 V in the dQ / dV curve obtained when discharging at 0.5 C from SOC 100% to a voltage of 1.5 V.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Example 3 having a higher average operating voltage than other nonaqueous electrolyte batteries.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode contains titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes at least spinel type lithium manganate as a positive electrode active material.
- This spinel type lithium manganate is represented by the chemical formula LiMn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 .
- M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Al, and Ga, and the subscript x satisfies the inequality 0.22 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7. Fulfill.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is charged at a constant current of 1 C, then is charged at a constant voltage of 2.8 V, and the voltage is 1.5 V from the state where the constant voltage charging is performed until the current value reaches 0.05 C.
- a curve obtained with dQ / dV when discharged at 0.5 C until the vertical axis and the voltage as the horizontal axis has at least two peaks.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the embodiment can exhibit a high average operating voltage and can exhibit excellent high-temperature durability.
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Abstract
Description
第1の実施形態によると、非水電解質電池が提供される。この非水電解質電池は、負極と、正極と、非水電解質とを具備する。負極は、負極活物質としてチタン酸化物を含む。正極は、正極活物質として少なくともスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムを含む。このスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムは、化学式LiMn2-xMxO4で表される。ここで、元素MはMg、Ti、Cr、Fe、Co、Zn、Al、およびGaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである。また、添字xは、不等式0.22≦x≦0.7を満たす。
負極集電体としては、電気伝導性の高い材料を含むシートを使用することができる。例えば、負極集電体として、アルミニウム箔またはアルミニウム合金箔を使用することができる。アルミニウム箔又はアルミニウム合金箔を使用する場合、その厚さは、例えば20μm以下であり、好ましくは15μm以下である。アルミニウム合金箔は、マグネシウム、亜鉛、ケイ素等を含むことができる。また、アルミニウム合金箔に含まれる、鉄、銅、ニッケル、クロムなどの遷移金属の含有量は1%以下であることが好ましい。
正極集電体としては、電気伝導性の高い材料を含むシートを使用することができる。例えば、正極集電体としては、アルミニウム箔またはアルミニウム合金箔を使用することができる。アルミニウム箔又はアルミニウム合金箔を使用する場合、その厚さは、例えば20μm以下であり、好ましくは15μm以下である。アルミニウム合金箔は、マグネシウム、亜鉛、ケイ素等を含むことができる。また、アルミニウム合金箔に含まれる、鉄、銅、ニッケル、クロムといった遷移金属の含有量は1%以下であることが好ましい。
セパレータは、絶縁性材料からなり、正極と負極との電気的な接触を防止することができる。好ましくは、セパレータは、非水電解質が通過できる材料からなるか、または非水電解質が通過できる形状を有する。セパレータは、例えば合成樹脂製不織布、ポリエチレン多孔質フィルム、ポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムおよびセルロース系のセパレータである。
非水電解質は、例えば、非水溶媒と、この非水溶媒に溶解された電解質及び添加剤とを含むことができる。
負極端子及び正極端子は、電気伝導性の高い材料から形成されていることが好ましい。集電体に接続する場合、接触抵抗を低減させるために、これらの端子は、集電体と同様の材料からなることが好ましい。
外装材としては、例えば金属製容器又はラミネートフィルム製容器を用いることができるが、特に限定されない。
dQ/dVの測定では、定格容量に対して98%以上の容量を維持している電池を用いる。実施形態の非水電解質電池では、エージング後にガス抜きを行い、本封止を施した電池に対し、SOC100%の状態まで初回充電を行い、この状態から電池のセル電圧が1.5Vとなるまで0.5Cで定電流放電した時の放電容量を定格容量と規定する。ここでの初回充電では、1Cレートで定電流充電した後、2.8Vで定電圧充電を行い、電流値が0.05Cとなるまでこの定電圧充電を行って、SOC100%の状態まで電池を充電する。なお、このようにSOC100%からセル電圧が1.5Vとなるまで0.5Cで定電流放電した状態を、例えばSOC0%の状態と定義することができる。
非水電解質電池をエージングに供し、その後のガス抜きをすることによって、セル内で発生するガスをあらかじめ低減させることができる。そうすることにより、非水電解質電池の膨張を防ぎ、その結果、非水電解質電池における電気抵抗の上昇を抑制することができる。
第2の実施形態によると、電池パックが提供される。この電池パックは、第1の実施形態に係る非水電解質電池を含む。
以下、実施例に基づいて上記実施形態をさらに詳細に説明する。
実施例1では、以下の手順により、実施例1の非水電解質電池を作製した。
実施例1の非水電解質電池では、化学式LiMn2-xMxO4において、MがAlでありx=0.4であるスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムLiMn1.6Al0.4O4と、コバルト酸リチウムとを80対20の比率で混合して得られた混合物を正極活物質として用いた。この正極活物質の活物質粉末91重量%と、アセチレンブラック2.5重量%と、グラファイト3重量%と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)3.5重量%とを、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)に添加して混合し、スラリーを調製した。このスラリーを厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる集電体に片面の塗布量が70g/m2となるように両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた。次いで、乾燥させた塗膜をプレスした。かくして、密度が2.8g/cm3である正極合材層を有する正極を作製した。
負極活物質として、スピネル型チタン酸リチウム粉末を用い、この負極活物質の活物質粉末85重量%と、グラファイト5重量%と、アセチレンブラック3重量%と、PVdF7重量%とをNMPに添加して混合し、スラリーを調製した。
上記のようにして作製した正極と、厚さ15μmのポリエチレン製多孔質フィルムからなるセパレータと、上記のようにして作製した負極と、もう一枚のセパレータとを、この順序で積層した。得られた積層体を、負極が最外周に位置するように渦巻き状に捲回して電極群を作製した。これを90℃で加熱プレスすることにより、偏平状電極群を作製した。得られた電極群を外装材としての外装缶に収納し、約95℃で8時間真空乾燥を施した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とメチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)とを体積比で1:2になるように混合して混合溶媒を調製した。この混合溶媒に六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.0モル/Lの濃度で溶解し非水電解液を調製した。
上述のとおりに得られた電極群を収容した外装缶内に、外装缶の表面に設けられた注液口より非水電解液を注入した。次いで、-90kPaの減圧環境下において、耐圧が0.4Mpa以上となるように注液口に仮封止を施した。非水電解質電池を1Cレートで13分間充電しSOC20%の状態にしたのち、60℃環境下にて90時間エージングを行った。エージング終了後に、-90kPaの減圧環境下において、仮封止を開放してセル内のガス抜きを行い、注液口に本封止を施すことで非水電解質電池を作製した。
以上のように作製した非水電解質電池について、上述したdQ/dVの測定方法によりdQ/dVプロットの曲線を得た。このようにして得られたdQ/dVプロットの曲線を図6に示す。図6に示すとおり、実施例1のdQ/dVプロットの曲線は、2.68V付近に第一のピーク(P1)を有し、2.50V付近に第二のピーク(P2)を有する。実施例1での第一のピークのdQ/dVピーク強度Aと第二のピークのdQ/dVピーク強度BとのdQ/dVピーク強度比A/Bは0.86であった。
実施例2では、化学式LiMn2-xMxO4において、MがAlでありx=0.55であるスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムLiMn1.6Al0.4O4と、コバルト酸リチウムとを80対20の比率で混合して得られた混合物を正極活物質として用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質電池を作製した。
実施例3では、正極のスラリーの片面塗布量が60g/m2となるように調整した事以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質電池を作製した。
比較例1では、化学式LiMn2-xMxO4において、MがAlでありx=0.18であるスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムLiMn1.82Al0.18O4と、コバルト酸リチウムとを80対20の比率で混合して得られた混合物を正極活物質として用いた事以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質電池を作製した。
比較例2では、正極のスラリーの片面塗布量が80g/m2となるように調整した事以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質電池を作製した。
比較例3では、正極のスラリーの片面塗布量が50g/m2となるように調整した事以外は、比較例1と同様にして非水電解質電池を作製した。
非水電解質電池の充電率が定格容量に対して50%の充電率にあるときの開回路セル電圧(OCV50)を平均作動電圧の指標とした。OCV50は次のようにして測定した。
実施例1~3および比較例1~3のそれぞれの非水電解質電池を1つずつ、45℃環境下で2000回の充放電サイクルに供した。充放電は、5Cレートで1.5V以上2.8V以下の電圧範囲で行った。
上記サイクル試験に際し、サイクル試験を行う前後でのそれぞれの非水電解質電池の容量を以下の手順で測定した。
上記サイクル試験に際し、サイクル試験を行う前後でのそれぞれの非水電解質電池の抵抗値を、以下の手順で測定した。
Claims (8)
- 正極と負極と非水電解質とを具備する非水電解質電池であって、
前記正極は、正極活物質として化学式LiMn2-xMxO4で表され、MがMg、Ti、Cr、Fe、Co、Zn、Al、およびGaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、xが0.22以上0.7以下であるスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムを含み、
前記負極は、リチウムチタン酸化物を含み、
前記非水電解質電池を1Cで定電流充電した後、2.8Vで定電圧充電を行い、電流値が0.05Cとなるまで前記定電圧充電を行った状態から、電圧が1.5Vになるまで0.5Cで定電流放電した時のdQ/dVを縦軸、電圧を横軸として得られた曲線は、少なくとも二つのピークを有し、前記二つのピークのうち2.54V以上2.65V以下の範囲に現れるピークを第一のピークとし、2.4V以上2.54V未満の範囲に現れるピークを第二のピークとしたとき、第一のピークのdQ/dVピーク強度Aと、第二のピークのdQ/dVピーク強度Bとが0.8≦A/B≦1.0を満たすことを特徴とする非水電解質電池。 - 前記曲線は、2.2V以上2.4V未満の範囲に第三のピークを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極が、正極活物質としてリチウムコバルト酸化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極、前記正極及び前記非水電解質を収容した外装材を更に含み、
前記外装材は、0.2~5mmの範囲内にある厚さを有し、
前記外装材は、Fe、Ni、Cu、Sn及びAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含んだ金属製容器である請求項2に記載の非水電解質電池。 - 前記負極、前記正極及び前記非水電解質を収容した外装材を更に含み、
前記外装材は、0.1~2mmの範囲内にある厚さを有し、
前記外装材は、Fe、Ni、Cu、Sn及びAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む金属を含む金属層と、前記金属層を挟み込んだ樹脂層とを含むラミネートフィルム製容器である請求項2に記載の非水電解質電池。 - 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質電池を含む電池パック。
- 5つの前記非水電解質電池を含み、前記非水電解質電池が直列で接続されている請求項6に記載の電池パック。
- 前記5つの非水電解質電池を含む組電池を具備し、
前記組電池を複数具備し、
複数の前記組電池が、直列、並列、又は直列及び並列の組み合わせで接続されている請求項7に記載の電池パック。
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AU2015402938A AU2015402938B2 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Non-aqueous electrolyte battery and battery pack |
EP15834630.4A EP3327851A4 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | BATTERY WITH A WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE AND BATTERY PACK |
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CN201580001683.5A CN107112579A (zh) | 2015-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | 非水电解质电池及电池包 |
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AU2015402938A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
AU2015402938B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
CN107112579A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
EP3327851A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
EP3327851A4 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
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