WO2017061203A1 - 無線通信装置、無線通信システム - Google Patents
無線通信装置、無線通信システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017061203A1 WO2017061203A1 PCT/JP2016/075933 JP2016075933W WO2017061203A1 WO 2017061203 A1 WO2017061203 A1 WO 2017061203A1 JP 2016075933 W JP2016075933 W JP 2016075933W WO 2017061203 A1 WO2017061203 A1 WO 2017061203A1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 36
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/02—Hybrid access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0825—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a radio communication device and a radio communication system including a plurality of radio communication devices, and more particularly to a technique for avoiding collision of signals transmitted by the radio communication device.
- CSAMA / CA is widely used as a technique for avoiding collision of signals transmitted by wireless communication devices.
- CSAMA / CA is an abbreviation for CarrierCarSense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance.
- Patent Document 1 is a technique for stopping transmission when a collision of transmitted signals is detected, and a collision of signals cannot be avoided. If a plurality of signals collide with each other, the plurality of collided signals cannot be decoded by the receiver, and thus the transmitted signal is wasted. Therefore, it is naturally desirable to prevent signals from colliding rather than detecting signal collision and stopping transmission.
- a wireless communication device repeatedly transmits from a transmission unit that transmits a radio wave and a transmission timing that is determined based on a start time of the transmission time zone within a transmission time zone that is periodically repeated.
- a transmission control unit that transmits a repetitive signal that is necessary as a radio wave and that repeatedly transmits the repetitive signal by repeating the transmission time zone, a reception unit that receives the radio wave, and a transmission control unit that transmits the repetitive signal
- a signal collision determination unit that determines whether or not a repetitive signal transmitted from the transmission unit collides with a signal transmitted from another device based on the radio wave received by the reception unit.
- the transmission control unit changes the transmission timing of the repetitive signal based on the fact that the signal collision determination unit determines that the repetitive signal collides.
- This wireless communication device includes a signal collision determination unit.
- the signal collision determination unit determines whether or not the repeated signal collides with a signal transmitted by another device when the transmission control unit transmits the repeated signal. If the signal that collides with the repetitive signal is a repetitive signal transmitted by another device, the other device is highly likely to transmit the signal at the same transmission timing even in the next transmission time zone. Therefore, the transmission control unit changes the transmission timing of the repetitive signal based on the determination that the signal collision determination unit collides with the repetitive signal. As a result, the next time the repetitive signal is transmitted, even if another device is also transmitting the repetitive signal, the possibility that the repetitive signal transmitted by the other device will not collide increases. Can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a wireless communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the roadside machine of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating functions of the roadside control unit of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of WSA generated by the CCH communication control unit.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a time change of the communication channel of the roadside communication unit.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the in-vehicle device in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating functions of the control unit in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the CCH process executed by the roadside control unit of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the SCH process executed by the roadside control unit of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram exemplifying a situation where a WSA collision is determined in step S7 of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the WSA transmission timing determined in step S25 of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a wireless communication system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the size of the wireless communication area of the roadside device and the initial value of the WSA transmission timing.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the width of the wireless communication area of the roadside device and the minimum transmission timing value of WSA.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a time zone in which WSA is transmitted in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a time zone in which WSA is transmitted in the second embodiment.
- the wireless communication system 1 includes a roadside device 2 and an in-vehicle device 3.
- the roadside device 2 corresponds to a wireless communication device
- the in-vehicle device 3 corresponds to a service receiving terminal.
- FIG. 1 shows only one in-vehicle device 3, but there may be a plurality of in-vehicle devices 3.
- the roadside device 2 and the vehicle-mounted device 3 communicate with each other in accordance with the WAVE standard.
- WAVE is an abbreviation for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments.
- the wireless communication system 1 sets one control channel and a plurality of service channels as communication channels.
- the control channel and the plurality of service channels are set to different predetermined frequency channels. Both of these control channels and service channels belong to the 5.8 GHz band and the 5.9 GHz band.
- the roadside device 2 notifies WSA which means Wave Service Advertisement on the control channel.
- This WSA corresponds to service start information, and includes various information that the in-vehicle device 3 needs to acquire in order to start the service.
- the WSA includes channel information that specifies a service channel.
- the roadside device 2 transmits service execution information through the service channel specified by the WSA.
- the roadside machine 2 may be fixed to the roadside or may be a mobile type.
- the service execution information is information that needs to be communicated between the roadside device 2 and the vehicle-mounted device 3 in order to execute the service, and includes information transmitted by the roadside device 2 and information transmitted by the vehicle-mounted device 3. However, for some services such as a road traffic information distribution service, the service execution information is only information transmitted by the roadside device 2.
- the in-vehicle device 3 is mounted on the vehicle 4. Therefore, the in-vehicle device 3 is a mobile type.
- the in-vehicle device 3 receives WSA and service execution information, and can also perform inter-vehicle communication with other in-vehicle devices 3.
- the roadside device 2 performs road-to-vehicle communication with the in-vehicle device 3 existing in the wireless communication area 6 formed by the roadside device 2, and transmits various information to the in-vehicle device 3 or obtains various information from the in-vehicle device 3.
- the wireless communication area is an area where a signal transmitted from the roadside device 2 reaches a predetermined intensity or higher that can be detected by the in-vehicle device 3, and corresponds to a transmission range.
- the roadside machine 2 is provided at a position suitable for the service provided by the roadside machine 2.
- the roadside machine 2 is provided at an intersection, a middle of a road connecting the intersection and the intersection, an entrance to a specific facility (for example, a parking lot, a store, a toll road), or the like.
- the wireless communication area 6 of the roadside device 2 can be set according to the service provided by the roadside device 2.
- the output of the radio wave transmitted by the roadside device 2 can be set according to the service provided by the roadside device 2.
- the set wireless communication area 6 is wide, it may overlap with the wireless communication areas 6 of other roadside devices 2.
- FIG. 1 also shows the wireless communication area 6A of the roadside device 2A and the wireless communication area 6B of the roadside device 2B. These two wireless communication areas 6A and 6B partially overlap as shown in FIG. 1, and in the example of FIG. 1, the roadside device 2B is included in the wireless communication area 6A of the roadside device 2A. . On the other hand, the position of the roadside machine 2A is outside the wireless communication area 6B of the roadside machine 2B. Note that these two wireless communication areas 6A and 6B are directional areas. Of course, the wireless communication area 6 may be a non-directional area, that is, a true circular area.
- the roadside machine 2 includes a roadside communication unit 21 and a roadside control unit 22 as shown in FIG.
- the roadside communication unit 21 and the roadside control unit 22 are connected to be able to communicate with each other.
- the roadside communication unit 21 performs road-to-vehicle communication with the in-vehicle device 3 existing in the wireless communication area 6 formed by the roadside device 2 by narrow area communication.
- Narrow-area communication is a communication method in which direct communication is performed without using a relay device.
- the radio communication area 6 formed by the roadside device 2 is often several hundred meters in radius, but it varies depending on the service provided by the roadside device 2, and may have a radius of about 10 meters, or it may have a radius of about 1 km. is there.
- the roadside communication unit 21 has two operation modes: a mode in which communication is performed using a control channel and a mode in which communication is performed using a service channel. That is, both the communication using the control channel with the in-vehicle device 3 and the communication using the service channel are performed by the roadside communication unit 21.
- the roadside communication unit 21 includes a roadside transmission unit 21A, a roadside reception unit 21B, a circulator 21c, and an antenna 21d.
- the roadside transmission unit 21A can select one channel from the control channel and a plurality of service channels and set a transmission channel that is a frequency channel for transmitting radio waves.
- the roadside transmission unit 21A modulates the data input from the roadside control unit 22, further converts the data into radio waves having the frequency of the transmission channel, and transmits the radio wave.
- This roadside transmission unit 21A corresponds to a transmission unit.
- the roadside receiving unit 21B sets a reception channel, which is a frequency channel for receiving radio waves, to the same channel as the transmission channel, and receives radio waves transmitted from the in-vehicle device 3 through the set reception channel. Then, the received radio wave is demodulated to extract a signal, and the signal is output to the roadside control unit 22.
- This roadside receiving unit 21B corresponds to a receiving unit.
- the circulator 21c guides the signal from the roadside transmitter 21A to the antenna 21d, and guides the signal representing the radio wave received by the antenna 21d to the roadside receiver 21B. Since the circulator 21c is provided, the roadside communication unit 21 can receive the signal from the roadside reception unit 21B while transmitting a signal from the roadside transmission unit 21A.
- the roadside control unit 22 is configured as a normal computer, and includes a well-known CPU, a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM and a flash memory, a volatile memory such as a RAM, an I / O, and a bus line that connects these configurations. It has.
- the roadside memory 22M provided in the roadside control unit 22 is a non-volatile storage medium and is realized by, for example, a flash memory.
- the roadside memory 22M stores program modules and data for executing various processes, a terminal ID assigned to the roadside device 2, and the like.
- Information for generating WSA and information for generating service execution information are also stored in the roadside memory 22M.
- the received signal strength of the signal received by the roadside receiving unit 21B is also temporarily stored in the roadside memory 22M.
- the roadside control unit 22 includes a time synchronization unit 221, a roadside communication control unit 222, a signal collision determination unit 225, and a service processing unit 226 as functional blocks realized by executing the above-described program modules. Prepare. A part or all of the functions executed by the roadside control unit 22 may be configured by hardware using one or a plurality of ICs.
- the time synchronization unit 221 performs processing for synchronizing the time information held by the roadside control unit 22 with the reference time.
- the time information held by the roadside control unit 22 is measured based on the clock signal of the CPU. However, when the time is measured based on the clock signal, there is a possibility that the time information is gradually shifted from the reference time. Therefore, the time synchronization unit 221 synchronizes the time information of the roadside control unit 22 with the reference time.
- the reference time is, for example, a time (hereinafter referred to as GNSS time) used in a global navigation satellite system (hereinafter referred to as GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System).
- GNSS time a time used in a global navigation satellite system
- the time synchronization unit 221 communicates with an external server to obtain a reference time.
- the roadside device 2 may include a GNSS receiver, and the GNSS receiver may receive a signal including the GNSS time from the GNSS artificial satellite, and the time synchronization unit 221 may acquire the GNSS time from the GNSS receiver.
- the roadside communication control unit 222 controls the operation of the roadside communication unit 21 and switches between communication using the control channel and communication using the service channel.
- the roadside communication control unit 222 generates information to be transmitted from the roadside communication unit 21 according to the operation mode of the roadside communication unit 21, and causes the roadside communication unit 21 to transmit the information. Further, the data received by the roadside communication unit 21 is acquired and provided to the service processing unit 226.
- the roadside communication control unit 222 includes a CCH communication control unit 223 and an SCH communication control unit 224 as finer functional blocks.
- CCH in the name of each part means a control channel (Control Channel)
- SCH means a service channel (Service Channel).
- the CCH communication control unit 223 is in charge of communication control using the control channel.
- the CCH communication control unit 223 generates WSA, sets the transmission channel of the roadside communication unit 21 as a control channel, and causes the roadside communication unit 21 to transmit the generated WSA by the broadcast method. Also, the CCH communication control unit 223 acquires data received by the roadside communication unit 21 through communication using the control channel, and provides the data to the service processing unit 226.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the configuration of WSA generated by the CCH communication control unit 223.
- WSA includes a header, PSID, priority, and channel information.
- the header is information for recognizing that the received data is WSA in the in-vehicle device 3 which is a device on the receiving side.
- the header includes, for example, information indicating the version of the WAVE standard, information for distinguishing the WSA from other information such as service execution information, and the like.
- PSID is information that determines the type of service provided by the service provider through the roadside device 2.
- the priority is information that determines the priority of the service specified by the PSID among the various services provided by the various roadside devices 2.
- the channel information is a channel number of a service channel that the roadside device 2 uses to provide a service among a plurality of service channels.
- the service channel may be determined according to the service to be provided, and a plurality of services may be associated with the same service channel.
- the time for the CCH communication control unit 223 to transmit WSA is a control channel time zone.
- the roadside communication control unit 222 divides the time into a control channel time zone and a service channel time zone.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the time change of the communication channel of the roadside communication unit 21.
- the communication channel of the roadside communication unit 21 means a transmission channel of the roadside transmission unit 21A and a reception channel of the roadside reception unit 21B. These transmission channel and reception channel are always set to the same frequency channel.
- control channel and the service channel are set alternately.
- a time zone in which the communication channel is set as the control channel is defined as a control channel time zone
- a time zone in which the communication channel is set as a service channel is defined as a service channel time zone.
- the length of the control channel time zone and the service channel time zone are the same time, for example, every 50 milliseconds.
- the start time of the control channel time zone and the service channel time zone is a time determined by the reference time system. Both the control channel time zone and the service channel time zone are periodically repeated time zones, and the control channel time zone corresponds to a transmission time zone.
- the CCH communication control unit 223 repeatedly transmits the WSA every control channel time zone. Therefore, WSA corresponds to a repetitive signal, and CCH communication control unit 223 that controls transmission of WSA corresponds to a transmission control unit.
- the SCH communication control unit 224 is responsible for control of communication using a predetermined service channel.
- the SCH communication control unit 224 generates service execution information, sets the transmission channel of the roadside communication unit 21 to a service channel determined according to the type of service, and causes the roadside communication unit 21 to transmit the generated service execution information.
- the time for the SCH communication control unit 224 to transmit the service execution information is a service channel time zone.
- the transmission method may be any of broadcast, unicast, and multicast, and which communication method is used is determined according to the type of service.
- the SCH communication control unit 224 acquires data received by the roadside communication unit 21 through communication using the service channel, and provides the data to the service processing unit 226.
- the signal collision determination unit 225 collides with a signal transmitted by another device. To determine whether or not The determination method will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the service processing unit 226 provides a predetermined service to the in-vehicle device 3 based on the data provided from the roadside communication control unit 222.
- Services to be provided are, for example, an automatic fee collection service when traveling on a toll road, an automatic parking fee collection service when parking, a traffic information distribution service, a location information notification service, an advertisement distribution service, and the like.
- the in-vehicle device 3 includes a control unit 31, a narrow area communication unit 32, and a GNSS receiver 33.
- the control unit 31 is connected to the narrow area communication unit 32 and the GNSS receiver 33 so that they can communicate with each other.
- the narrow-area communication unit 32 performs narrow-area communication with the road-side communication unit 21 of the road-side device 2 and the narrow-area communication unit 32 included in the other in-vehicle device 3.
- the communication distance of the narrow area communication unit 32 is about several hundred meters, for example.
- the narrow channel communication of this embodiment uses the control channel or the service channel described above.
- the narrow area communication unit 32 demodulates the signal received by the antenna and outputs it to the control unit 31, modulates the data input from the control unit 31, further converts it into a radio wave and transmits it to the surroundings
- the narrow area transmission unit 32A is provided.
- the narrow area receiving unit 32B selects and sets one reception channel from the control channel and a plurality of service channels, and receives radio waves transmitted from the roadside device 2 through the set reception channel. Then, the received radio wave is demodulated to extract a signal, and the signal is output to the roadside control unit 22.
- the narrow area transmission unit 32A sets the transmission channel to the same frequency channel as the reception channel, modulates the data input from the roadside control unit 22, further converts the radio wave to the frequency of the transmission channel, and transmits it.
- the GNSS receiver 33 calculates the current position of the GNSS receiver 33 by receiving radio waves from satellites used in the GNSS.
- the current position calculated by the GNSS receiver 33 is expressed by latitude and longitude, for example.
- Information indicating the current position calculated by the GNSS receiver 33 is sequentially provided to the control unit 31 (for example, every 100 milliseconds).
- the GNSS receiver 33 outputs a PPS signal every second while the GNSS satellite is being captured.
- PPS is an abbreviation of Pulse Per Second.
- the PPS signal functions as a signal indicating the timing of integer seconds, in other words, the timing at which the seconds are switched.
- the control unit 31 is configured as a normal computer, and includes a well-known CPU, a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM and a flash memory, a volatile memory such as a RAM, an I / O, and a bus line connecting these configurations. I have.
- the memory 31M included in the control unit 31 is a non-volatile storage medium, and is realized by, for example, a flash memory or a ROM.
- the memory 31M stores program modules and data for executing various processes, and a terminal ID assigned to the in-vehicle device 3.
- the memory 31M temporarily stores the WSA received by the narrow area receiving unit 32B.
- the control unit 31 includes a time synchronization unit 311, a channel control unit 312, and a service execution unit 313 as functional blocks realized by executing the above program modules, as shown in FIG. 7. Note that some or all of the functions executed by the control unit 31 may be configured in hardware by one or a plurality of ICs.
- the time synchronization unit 311 performs a process of synchronizing the time information held by the control unit 31 with the reference time. Since the in-vehicle device 3 includes the GNSS receiver 33, the GNSS receiver 33 acquires a signal including the GNSS time received from the GNSS artificial satellite and performs synchronization processing.
- the channel control unit 312 sets the communication channel of the narrow area communication unit 32 to either the control channel or the service channel. Specifically, when WSA is received using the communication channel as a control channel, after receiving WSA, the communication channel is switched to the service channel determined from the WSA from the start time of the first service channel time zone. Thereafter, during service execution, the communication channel is set as the service channel in the service channel time zone, and the communication channel is set as the control channel in the control channel time zone. In the service channel time zone during service execution, the narrow area communication unit 32 transmits and receives information for executing the service to and from the roadside device 2.
- the channel control unit 312 fixes the communication channel to the control channel.
- the service channel to be opened is changed to a service channel determined by the WSA. And the control which opens a service channel and a control channel alternately is continued.
- the service execution unit 313 determines a service to be executed based on the WSA.
- the channel control unit 312 acquires the service execution information received by the narrow area reception unit 32B while the communication channel is the service channel, and determines data requested by the roadside device 2 based on the service execution information. Then, the determined data is transmitted from the narrow area transmission unit 32A to the roadside device 2.
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are flowcharts for explaining processing executed by the roadside control unit 22. However, in addition to executing the processing shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the roadside control unit 22 periodically performs the synchronization processing by the time synchronization unit 221.
- the roadside control unit 22 repeatedly executes the processes shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 while the power is on. Since FIG. 8 is a process performed by setting the communication channel as the control channel, the CCH process is performed. Since FIG. 9 is processing performed by setting a communication channel as a service channel, SCH processing is performed.
- steps S6 and S7 are processes performed by the signal collision determination unit 225, and other steps are processes performed by the CCH communication control unit 223.
- step S1 the control channel is opened. That is, the transmission channel and the reception channel are set as control channels.
- step S2 it is determined whether or not the transmission timing for transmitting the WSA has come.
- the WSA transmission timing is determined based on the start time of the control channel time zone. If the determination in step S2 is NO, the determination in step S2 is repeated, and if the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S3.
- step S3 carrier sense is executed.
- step S4 it is determined whether or not the result of the carrier sense is a result that the communication channel is free. If it is determined that the communication channel is not free, the determination in step S4 is NO. If the determination in step S4 is no, the process returns to step S3 to continue the carrier sense. If the control channel time period elapses while the processes of steps S3 and S4 are repeated, the process proceeds to FIG.
- step S4 determines whether the communication channel is free. If it is determined in step S3 that the communication channel is free, the determination in step S4 is YES.
- the carrier sense to be executed in step S3 is the same as in the known CSMA / CA. If it is determined that the communication channel is free after determining a certain determination time DIFS, whether the communication channel is free, random further The correct backoff time. Whether or not the communication channel is free is also determined during the back-off time. If the communication channel is continuously available until the back-off time has elapsed, the determination in step S4 is YES. If the determination in step S4 is yes, the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S5 WSA is transmitted from the roadside transmission unit 21A.
- step S6 while the WSA is transmitted in step S5, the roadside receiving unit 21B receives and acquires the received signal strength stored in the memory 31M.
- step S7 it is determined whether or not the WSA transmitted in step S5 collides with a signal transmitted by another device. There is a period in which the received signal strength acquired in step S6 is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold set for determining a collision, and at least a part of the period overlaps with the period during which the WSA was transmitted. In this case, it is determined that the WSA has collided.
- the roadside machine 2 is performing carrier sense in step S3, and the other roadside machines 2 are similarly performing this carrier sense. Therefore, if the plurality of roadside devices 2 can receive the WSA transmitted from the other roadside devices 2, the WSA transmitted from the plurality of roadside devices 2 will not collide.
- the roadside device 2B is in the wireless communication area 6A of the roadside device 2A, but the roadside device 2A is not in the wireless communication area 6B of the roadside device 2B. Therefore, the roadside device 2B can determine that the communication channel is being used by carrier sense in step S3 when the roadside device 2A is transmitting WSA. However, even if the roadside device 2B transmits the WSA, the roadside device 2A cannot determine that the communication channel is used in the carrier sense in step S3.
- the roadside control unit 22 of the roadside machine 2A executes the process of FIG. 8 between the time ta1 and the time ta2 included in the time zone in which the roadside machine 2B is transmitting WSA. Even so, the determination in step S4 is YES. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, the roadside device 2A may transmit WSA from time ta2. As a result, the roadside control unit 22 of the roadside machine 2B determines that the WSA has collided during the period from time ta2 to time ta3. In FIG.
- step S7 the determination in step S7 is YES, and the process proceeds to step S8.
- step S8 it is determined whether or not the remaining time in the control channel time zone is equal to or longer than a time during which WSA can be transmitted.
- the time during which WSA can be transmitted is the total of the time required for transmitting WSA and the time required for carrier sense. Since carrier sense has a back-off time set at random, the determination in step S8 is performed assuming that the back-off time is set to the maximum value.
- step S8 If the determination in step S8 is YES, the process returns to step S3 in order to retransmit the WSA.
- step S3 carrier sense is performed between the determination time DIFS and the back-off time.
- the determination time DIFS and the back-off time at this time correspond to a waiting time.
- step S8 determines whether the transmitted WSA has not collided. If the determination in step S8 is NO, the process proceeds to step S9. Further, if the determination in step S7 is NO, that is, if it is determined that the transmitted WSA has not collided, the process proceeds to step S9.
- step S9 it is determined whether or not the service channel time has come. If this determination is NO, the determination in step S9 is repeated, and if YES, the process proceeds to the SCH process shown in FIG.
- steps S21 and S23 are processes performed by the SCH communication control unit 224
- step S22 is a process performed by the service processing unit 226,
- steps S24 and S25 are processes performed by the CCH communication control unit 223.
- step S21 a service channel is opened.
- step S22 service execution information transmission / reception processing is performed.
- the service execution information includes both information that the roadside device 2 needs to transmit to the vehicle-mounted device 3 in order to execute the service, and information that the vehicle-mounted device 3 needs to transmit to the roadside device 2 in order to execute the service. Means.
- step S23 it is determined whether or not the control channel time has come. If this determination is NO, the determination in step S23 is repeated, and if YES, the process proceeds to step S24.
- step S24 the CCH free time zone is determined.
- the CCH idle time zone is a time zone in which the control channel is not used in the immediately preceding control channel time zone.
- the process of step S24 acquires the received signal strength of the immediately preceding control channel time zone from the roadside memory 22M, and selects the time zone in which the acquired received signal strength is lower than the signal strength threshold described above. Decide on CCH free time zone.
- step S25 the WSA transmission timing in the next control channel time zone is determined. Specifically, the WSA transmission timing in the next control channel time zone is set to the timing in the earliest time zone in the CCH free time zone determined in step S24.
- the earliest time zone is a time zone that starts from the earliest time of the CCH free time zone. For example, a time zone that is about SIFS used in CSA / CA, or a time zone that is about several times the SIFS. It is.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the next WSA transmission timing determined in step S25.
- the time tb is a time based on the start time t0 of the control channel time zone.
- the current transmission timing is time tb4, and this time, steps S3 to S5, which are processes for transmitting WSA, are performed from time tb4 to time tb5. Further, it is assumed that the CCH free time zone determined in step S24 is after time tb1. Therefore, in step S25, time tb2 is set as the next WSA transmission timing. Thereby, in the next CCH process, the time tb2 is set as the WSA transmission timing, the process of transmitting the WSA from the time tb2 is started, and the WSA is transmitted until the time tb3. Note that the time tb3 varies depending on a randomly set backoff time.
- the roadside machine 2 includes a signal collision determination unit 225.
- the signal collision determination unit 225 determines whether the WSA collides with a signal transmitted by another device. As long as the frequency of the control channel is a roadside device 2 that complies with the WAVE standard, all the roadside devices 2 are common, and any roadside device 2 transmits WSA for each control channel time zone. Therefore, the signal that collides with the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2 that has executed the processing of FIG. 8 is likely to be the WSA transmitted by another roadside device 2.
- the CCH communication control unit 223 changes the next WSA transmission timing. As a result, when WSA is transmitted next time, there is a high possibility that it will not collide with WSA transmitted by another roadside device 2, so that it is possible to reduce the collision of WSA.
- the CCH communication control unit 223 can transmit the remaining time in the control channel time zone even if the determination time DIFS and the back-off time are waited. If it is determined that the time is over, the WSA is retransmitted. Thereby, the in-vehicle device 3 can receive the retransmitted WSA and open the service channel determined by the WSA from the next service channel time zone.
- the WSA transmission timing is a later time zone in the control channel time zone. It will shift to. As a result, the WSA transmission timing may be near the end time of the control channel time zone.
- WSA is a signal for designating a service channel to the in-vehicle device 3, and after receiving the WSA, the in-vehicle device 3 performs a process of decoding the WSA and a process of opening the service channel specified by the decoded WSA. Do. Of course, a certain amount of time is required for these processes. Therefore, if the WSA transmission timing is near the end time of the control channel time zone, the in-vehicle device 3 may not be able to open the service channel in time for the start time of the service channel time zone.
- the WSA transmission timing to be transmitted in the next control channel time zone is set to the timing in the earliest time zone in the CCH free time zone.
- the WSA transmission timing is set to an earlier time zone in the control channel time zone. Therefore, it can suppress that the opening of the service channel of the vehicle equipment 3 is not in time for the start time of the service channel time zone.
- the wireless communication system 100 in the second embodiment includes roadside devices 2L, 2M, and 2S. These roadside machines 2L, 2M, and 2S are fixed types. In addition, the wireless communication system 100 according to the second embodiment also includes a mobile roadside device 2mo mounted on the vehicle 5.
- the size of the wireless communication areas 6L, 6M, and 6S of the roadside devices 2L, 2M, and 2S is the largest in the wireless communication area 6L, then the largest in the wireless communication area 6M, and the largest in the wireless communication area 6S. narrow.
- the wireless communication area 6L is an area including the wireless communication areas 6M and 6S of the roadside devices 2M and 2S.
- the wireless communication areas 6M and 6S are partially overlapped, and the roadside device 2M is in the wireless communication area 6S, but the roadside device 2S is outside the wireless communication area 6M.
- the roadside machines 2L, 2M, 2S, and 2mo have the same hardware configuration as the roadside machine 2 of the first embodiment. Further, the processes executed by the roadside control units 22 of these roadside machines 2L, 2M, 2S, and 2mo are the same as those in the first embodiment except for step S25 in FIG.
- the initial value of the WSA transmission timing is not particularly mentioned, and the initial value is not particularly limited.
- the initial value is set at an early timing.
- the initial value of the timing at which the mobile roadside device 2mo transmits WSA is a constant value that does not depend on the size of the wireless communication area 6mo in this embodiment.
- the timing at which the roadside device 2mo transmits WSA is set to a time point later than half of the control channel time zone.
- the minimum value of the time zone in which the WSA transmission timing can be set is defined within the control channel time zone.
- the minimum value here means the earliest time.
- the minimum value in the present embodiment is the same as the initial value of the WSA transmission timing for both the fixed roadside devices 2L, 2M, 2S and the mobile roadside device 2mo.
- the next WSA transmission timing is set to the CCH free time zone.
- the timing is set to the timing within the earliest time zone after the transmission timing minimum value.
- the roadside machines 2L, 2M, and 2S are not necessarily installed at the same time, and may be added sequentially.
- the initial value of the transmission timing of the WSA of the fixed roadside devices 2M and 2S is determined by the size of the wireless communication area 6.
- the initial values of the WSA transmission timings of the roadside devices 2M and 2S are assumed to be times t1 and t2, as shown in FIG. Note that the time t shown in FIG. 15 is based on the start time t0 of each control channel time zone.
- the roadside machine 2M starts carrier sense from time t1. At this time, since the control channel is not used, the roadside device 2M transmits WSA. At time t2, the roadside device 2S starts carrier sense. At this time, the roadside device 2M transmits WSA, but the roadside device 2S cannot detect the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2M because it is located outside the wireless communication area 6M of the roadside device 2M. As a result, since the roadside device 2S also transmits WSA, the two WSAs collide from the time when the roadside device 2S starts transmitting WSA until time t5 when the roadside device 2M ends transmission of WSA. .
- the roadside machine 2M Since the roadside machine 2M is located in the wireless communication area 6S of the roadside machine 2S, it can be determined that the WSA has collided, and it is also detected that the roadside machine 2S has finished transmitting the WSA at time t6. it can. Further, in the example of FIG. 15, the time when the roadside device 2S finishes transmitting the WSA is the time when the time for transmitting the WSA still remains within the control channel time zone. Therefore, the roadside device 2M retransmits the WSA using the time t7 as a new WSA transmission timing. This retransmission of the WSA ends at time t10.
- the roadside device 2M uses the time t7 as the WSA transmission timing, so the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2S and the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2M do not collide.
- the roadside machine 2L When the roadside machine 2L is installed, as shown in the time zone after the roadside machine 2L is installed in FIG. 15, the roadside machine 2L starts carrier sense and transmits WSA from time t0. The time when the roadside device 2L finishes transmitting the WSA is time t3. Therefore, the roadside device 2S detects the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2L when the carrier sense is started from the time t2, as in the case before the roadside device 2L is installed, and the control channel is used. I can judge.
- the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2 is more easily detected by other roadside devices 2.
- the WSA transmitted by the roadside device 2 is not detected by other roadside devices 2, and as a result, there is a higher possibility that a WSA collision will occur. .
- the initial value and the minimum value are set earlier as the wireless communication area 6 is wider.
- the roadside device 2S performs carrier sense from time t2, but cannot determine that the control channel is free until time t3. Therefore, the timing at which the roadside device 2S transmits WSA is time t4, and the roadside device 2S transmits WSA until time t8.
- the roadside machine 2M also starts carrier sense from time t7 as before the roadside machine 2L is installed, but it cannot be determined that the control channel is free until time t8. Therefore, the timing at which the roadside device 2M transmits WSA is time t9, and the roadside device 2M transmits WSA until time t11.
- the roadside device 2M first changes the WSA transmission timing. After that, when the roadside device 2L is added, the roadside device 2S and the roadside device 2M change the WSA transmission timing. . As a result, the WSAs transmitted by the three roadside devices 2L, 2M, and 2S do not collide with each other.
- the roadside machine 2mo passes through the wireless communication area 6L of the roadside machine 2L.
- the roadside machines 2L, 2M, and 2S perform the times t0 to t3, t9 to t11, and t4 to t8 respectively with the WSA. It is a time zone to send. Therefore, the WSA transmitted by the roadside devices 2L, 2M, and 2S do not collide with each other.
- the transmission timings of the fixed-type roadside devices 2L, 2M, and 2S are set in the earliest time zone after the transmission timing minimum value in the CCH free time zone. For this reason, the WSA transmission timing of the fixed roadside devices 2L, 2M, and 2S tends to be earlier in the control channel time zone.
- the initial value and the minimum value of the WSA transmission timing of the mobile roadside device 2mo are set at a time later than half of the control channel time zone. Therefore, in the time zone when the roadside device 2mo passes in FIG. 16, the time zone in which the mobile roadside device 2mo transmits WSA is from time t12 to time t13.
- the time t12 is a time after the time t11 when the roadside device 2M ends the transmission of the WSA, even if the roadside device 2mo passes through the wireless communication areas 6L, 6M, and 6S, the roadside devices 2L, 2M, 2S does not need to change the transmission timing of WSA.
- embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment.
- Various embodiments are possible, including the following variations.
- ⁇ Modification 1> For example, in the above-described embodiment, when it is determined that the WSA does not collide, the CCH free time zone is determined in step S24, and the next WSA transmission timing is determined based on the CCH free time zone in step S25. Had decided. However, the WSA transmission timing may be maintained when it is determined that the WSA has not collided.
- the roadside device 2 includes the circulator 21c so that the roadside receiving unit 21B can acquire the radio wave received by the antenna 21d when transmitting a signal from the roadside transmitting unit 21A.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a transmission antenna and a reception antenna may be separately provided so that the road-side reception unit 21B can perform reception when the road-side transmission unit 21A is transmitting.
- the timing at which the mobile roadside device 2mo transmits WSA is set to a time point later than half of the control channel time zone.
- the timing at which the mobile roadside device 2mo transmits the WSA may be a time point after 2/3 of the control channel time zone, or may be a time point after 3/4 of the control channel time zone. .
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Abstract
Description
本開示の一側面の無線通信装置は、電波を送信する送信部と、周期的に繰り返す送信時間帯内に、送信時間帯の開始時刻を基準として定まる送信タイミングで、送信部から、繰り返し送信する必要がある繰り返し信号を電波として送信し、かつ、送信時間帯が繰り返されることで繰り返し信号を繰り返し送信する送信制御部と、電波を受信する受信部と、送信制御部が繰り返し信号を送信しているときに受信部が受信した電波に基づいて、送信部から送信した繰り返し信号が、他の装置が送信した信号と衝突しているか否かを判断する信号衝突判断部とを備える。送信制御部は、信号衝突判断部が、繰り返し信号が衝突していると判断したことに基づいて、繰り返し信号の送信タイミングを変更する。
以下、実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1に示すように、第1実施形態に係る無線通信システム1は、路側機2と、車載機3とを備える。路側機2は無線通信装置に相当し、車載機3はサービス享受端末に相当する。
図1には、2つの路側機2A、2Bを示しているが、路側機2は3台以上であってもよい。複数の路側機2A、2Bを区別しないときは、路側機2と表記する。また、図1には、車載機3を1台のみ示しているが、車載機3も複数台であってもよい。路側機2と車載機3はWAVEの規格に準拠して相互に通信する。なお、WAVEは、Wireless Access in Vehicular Environmentsの略語である。
路側機2は、路側機2が形成する無線通信エリア6に存在する車載機3と路車間通信を実施し、種々の情報を車載機3に送信したり、車載機3から種々の情報を取得したりすることで所定のサービスを実行する。無線通信エリアは、車載機3が検出可能な所定の強度以上で路側機2が送信する信号が届くエリアであり、送信範囲に相当する。
次に、車載機3の構成を説明する。車載機3は、図6に示すように、制御部31、狭域通信部32、GNSS受信機33を備える。制御部31は、狭域通信部32、GNSS受信機33と相互通信可能に接続されている。
図8、図9は、路側制御部22が実行する処理を説明するフローチャートである。ただし、路側制御部22は、図8、図9に示す処理を実行することに加え、周期的に、時刻同期部221が同期処理を行う。
第1実施形態の路側機2は信号衝突判断部225を備える。信号衝突判断部225は、CCH通信制御部223がWSAを送信しているときに、そのWSAが他の装置が送信した信号と衝突しているか否かを判断する。コントロールチャネルの周波数は、WAVEの規格に準拠している路側機2であれば、どの路側機2も共通であり、かつ、どの路側機2も、コントロールチャネル時間帯ごとにWSAを送信する。したがって、図8の処理を実行した路側機2が送信したWSAと衝突した信号は、他の路側機2が送信したWSAである可能性が高い。そこで、CCH通信制御部223は、WSAが衝突していると判断された場合、次回のWSAの送信タイミングを変更する。これにより、次回、WSAを送信するときは、他の路側機2が送信するWSAと衝突しない可能性が高くなるので、WSAが衝突することを少なくできる。
次に、第2実施形態を説明する。この第2実施形態以下の説明において、それまでに使用した符号と同一番号の符号を有する要素は、特に言及する場合を除き、それ以前の実施形態における同一符号の要素と同一である。また、構成の一部のみを説明している場合、構成の他の部分については先に説明した実施形態を適用できる。
たとえば、前述の実施形態では、WSAが衝突していないと判断した場合に、ステップS24でCCH空き時間帯を決定し、ステップS25において、そのCCH空き時間帯に基づいて、次回のWSAの送信タイミングを決定していた。しかし、WSAが衝突していないと判断した場合に、WSAの送信タイミングを維持するようにしてもよい。
前述の実施形態では、路側機2は、サーキュレータ21cを備えることで、路側送信部21Aから信号を送信しているときに、アンテナ21dが受信した電波を路側受信部21Bが取得できるようにしていた。しかし、これに限られず、送信用のアンテナと受信用のアンテナとを別々に備えることで、路側送信部21Aが送信しているときに、路側受信部21Bが受信を行えるようにしてもよい。
第2実施形態では、移動型の路側機2moがWSAを送信するタイミングは、コントロールチャネル時間帯の半分よりも後の時点に設定されていた。しかし、移動型の路側機2moがWSAを送信するタイミングを、コントロールチャネル時間帯の2/3よりも後も時点としてもよいし、コントロールチャネル時間帯の3/4よりも後の時点としてもよい。
Claims (7)
- 電波を送信する送信部(21A)と、
周期的に繰り返す送信時間帯内に、前記送信時間帯の開始時刻を基準として定まる送信タイミングで、前記送信部から、繰り返し送信する必要がある繰り返し信号を電波として送信し、かつ、前記送信時間帯が繰り返されることで前記繰り返し信号を繰り返し送信する送信制御部(223)と、
電波を受信する受信部(21B)と、
前記送信制御部が前記繰り返し信号を送信しているときに前記受信部が受信した電波に基づいて、前記送信部から送信した前記繰り返し信号が、他の装置が送信した信号と衝突しているか否かを判断する信号衝突判断部(225)とを備え、
前記送信制御部は、前記信号衝突判断部が、前記繰り返し信号が衝突していると判断したことに基づいて、前記繰り返し信号の前記送信タイミングを変更する無線通信装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記送信制御部は、前記信号衝突判断部が、前記繰り返し信号が衝突していると判断した場合、前記送信時間帯内であって、待ち時間が経過した後の前記送信時間帯の残時間が前記繰り返し信号を送信できる時間以上であると判断したことに基づいて、前記繰り返し信号を再送信する無線通信装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記送信部は、電波を送信する周波数チャネルである送信チャネルを、互いに異なる前記周波数チャネルであるコントロールチャネルおよび複数のサービスチャネルから選択して設定可能であり、
前記送信制御部は、
交互に繰り返すコントロールチャネル時間帯とサービスチャネル時間帯において、前記コントロールチャネル時間帯では、前記送信チャネルを前記コントロールチャネルとし、前記送信部から、前記繰り返し信号として、前記サービスチャネル時間帯となったときにオープンするべき前記サービスチャネルが定まる情報を含んでいるサービス開始情報を、サービスを享受するサービス享受端末(3)に送信し、
前記サービスチャネル時間帯では、前記送信チャネルを前記サービスチャネルとし、前記サービスを実行するための情報であるサービス実行情報を送信し、
かつ、前記信号衝突判断部が、前記サービス開始情報が衝突していると判断しなかった場合、次回の前記サービス開始情報の送信タイミングを、前記コントロールチャネル時間帯であって、前記送信タイミングを設定可能とされている時間帯内において、前記受信部が、前記コントロールチャネルが使用されていると判断する強度以上の電波を受信しなかった時間帯のうちで、最先の時間帯に設定する無線通信装置。 - 請求項3において、
前記送信制御部は、前記送信部が前記サービス開始情報を送信する送信範囲が広いほど、前記送信タイミングの初期値が早いタイミングに設定されている無線通信装置。 - 請求項3または4において、
前記送信タイミングを設定可能とされている時間帯の開始時点は、前記送信部が前記サービス開始情報を送信する送信範囲が広いほど、早い時点になっている無線通信装置。 - 請求項1または2において、
前記送信制御部は、前記信号衝突判断部が、前記繰り返し信号が衝突していないと判断したことに基づいて、前記繰り返し信号の前記送信タイミングを維持する無線通信装置。 - 請求項3に記載の前記無線通信装置であって移動型の前記無線通信装置と、請求項3に記載の前記無線通信装置であって固定型の前記無線通信装置とを備える無線通信システムであって、
移動型の前記無線通信装置は、前記送信タイミングを設定可能とされている時間帯が、前記コントロールチャネル時間帯が半分経過した時点以降である無線通信システム。
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SG11201802640UA (en) | 2018-04-27 |
US10499422B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
JP6424791B2 (ja) | 2018-11-21 |
CN108141722A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
JP2017073707A (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
US20180288807A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
CN108141722B (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
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