Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
  • C04B7/345—Hydraulic cements not provided for in one of the groups C04B7/02 - C04B7/34
  • C04B7/3453—Belite cements, e.g. self-disintegrating cements based on dicalciumsilicate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/025—Belite cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/04—Portland cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/08—Slag cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
  • C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
  • C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
  • C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
  • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
  • C04B7/38—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches, e.g. mixing with fuel
  • C04B7/42—Active ingredients added before, or during, the burning process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
  • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
  • C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
  • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the present invention relates to exciters for clinker replacement materials, i. latent-hydraulic and / or pozzolanic materials, hydraulic
• Slag sand is glassy solidified, granulated blast furnace slag.
• Blast furnace slag is produced during the production of pig iron in a blast furnace by combining the Al 2 O 3 - and S1O 2 - rich components of the nonmetallic ore accompanying phases and the coke ash in the smelting process with the lime aggregate to form lime aluminate silicates. It takes on important metallurgical tasks. It frees the pig iron from the sulfur of the coke, the furnace of alkalis and protects the pig iron from reoxidation. The blast furnace slag floats on the iron due to its lower density. By optimizing their composition, the melting point is minimized and the thin liquid ensures easy separability from the liquid iron.
• blast furnace slag material behaves in finely ground state to water virtually inert. It is used because of this property and its hardness, for example in road construction.
• Hydraulic binder can harden in finely ground state after mixing with water both in the air and under water.
• hydraulic materials are referred to, which show this hardening in a pure state, e.g. Portland cement clinker.
• latent-hydraulic materials are referred to, if they have in principle the ability to hydraulically harden, but require one or more exciters, such as. Blastfurnace slag and artificial glasses (with a former composition comparable to slag sand).
• the characterization "latent-hydraulic” is used to describe the special properties of the slag sands and their binders. It states that a particular binder is close to Portland cement both in its ability to hydraulically harden and in its chemistry. Accordingly, a latent hydraulic binder contains both reactive S1O2 and reactive CaO in a sufficiently high amount to hydraulically harden by means of an external impulse with water to form calcium silicate hydrates.
• pozzolans or pozzolanic materials are natural or industrially produced materials, such as tempered clays and slate, trass, brick, low-limestone (eg according to DIN EN 450-1) [V] but partly also lime-rich (> 10 wt contain .-% CaO, for example, DIN EN 197-1) [W] fly ashes, the reactive SiO 2 alone or together with AI 2 O 3 and / or Fe2O 3, but can not harden independently with water.
• tempered clays and slate eg according to DIN EN 450-1 [V]
• lime-rich > 10 wt contain .-% CaO, for example, DIN EN 197-1) [W] fly ashes, the reactive SiO 2 alone or together with AI 2 O 3 and / or Fe2O 3, but can not harden independently with water.
• Calcium silicate hydrates based hardening, mandatory addition of CaO or Ca (OH) 2 .
• lime-rich fly ashes, trass, brick dust and tempered clays and slates can be latently have hydraulic or pozzolanic properties.
• Fly ash is obtained by the electrostatic or mechanical separation of dust-like particles from the flue gases of combustion power plants. Typically, fly ash particles are present predominantly in spherical glassy form.
• the average glass content of these blastfurnace slags was 95%.
• the binders contain Sufate carriers to bind the aluminum through the formation of ettringite.
• Puzzolans not exclusively the task to form by reacting with reactive Si0 2 new, strength-relevant amounts of calcium silicate hydrates.
• the latent-hydraulic properties of the slag sands have meant that they have been used over the decades in ever increasing extent as a component of cements / ⁇ .
• the Portland cements CEM ll / AS and CEM ll / BS may contain between 6 and 35% blastfurnace slag, between 36 and 80% in the blastfurnace cements CEM III / A and CEM III / B and replace the corresponding clinker.
• blastfurnace slag cements Since the CaO content 40% of the total blastfurnace slag, which is only about 2/3 of the average CaO content of Portland cement CEM I, the production of blastfurnace slag cements is fundamentally associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions which is directly related to Blastfurnace content is available.
• sulfatic excitation in the first step based on the formation of ettringite, ie a direct chemical reaction between the Al 2 0 3 - content the metallurgical sands, small amounts of added hydrated lime and 15 to 20% added calcium sulfate.
• a drawback of the known exciters is the high pH of the binder made with water.
• a saturated calcium hydroxide solution has a pH of 12.6.
• high pH values are undesirable in terms of occupational safety because they entail additional expense and thus costs.
• Binders coming into contact with other materials to high pH values are, for example, embedded glass fibers. There is therefore a need for exciters and binders which allow reliable and rapid hardening at lower pH values.
• Granulated slag with 10-30% lime or hydraulic lime are disadvantageous.
• sodium sulfate or gypsum additions the slow development of strength can be counteracted. But sodium sulfate can cause efflorescence.
• the object of the invention was to provide a further excitation mechanism which is capable of latent-hydraulic and / or pozzolanic
• the invention therefore achieves the above object by an exciter for clinker replacement material comprising reactive Belit obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material containing sources of CaO and SiO 2 in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C and annealing of the obtained intermediate at 350 to 495 ° C.
• the object is also achieved by hydraulic binders based on clinker replacement material and reactive Belit as an exciter, obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material containing sources of CaO and S1O2 in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C and annealing the resulting Intermediate at 350 to 495 ° C, and by a method for excitation of clinker substitute material by addition of reactive Belit, which is obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material containing sources of CaO and SiO 2 , in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C and annealing of the resulting intermediate at 350 to 495 ° C.
• Belit which is obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material which contains sources of CaO and SiO 2 , in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C and annealing the intermediate obtained at 350 to 495 ° C. , solved as an exciter for clinker substitute material in hydraulic binders.
• EP 2 676 943 A1 describes a process for the production of high-pressure belitzement
• a starting material is provided from raw materials having a molar Ca / Si ratio of 1, 5 to 2.5, the starting material in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C and a
• Residence time of 0.1 to 24 h is hydrothermally treated, the water / solid Substance ratio of 0.1 to 100, the resulting intermediate product is annealed at 350 to 495 ° C, wherein the heating rate of 10 - 6000 ° C / min and the residence time of 0.01 - 600 min, and wherein during 0.1 to 30 wt .-% of additional elements and / or oxides are added to the mixing and / or in the following steps.
• EP 2 801 558 A1 also discloses the use of a belite-calcium aluminate as an accelerator for Portland cement, which is obtainable in a process comprising the steps of: providing a starting material containing a molar Ca / (Si + Al + Fe) ratio of 1.0 to 3.5 and a molar Al / Si ratio of 100 to 0.1; Mixing the raw materials; Hydrothermal treatment of the starting material in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C and a residence time of 0.1 to 24 h, wherein the water / solid ratio is 0.1 to 100; Annealing the intermediate obtained at 350 to 600 ° C, wherein the heating rate is 10-6000 ° C / min and the residence time is 0.01-600 min.
• Latent-hydraulic and / or pozzolanic materials such as granulated or metakaolin, or a strength formation of binders of reactive Belit and latent-hydraulic and / or pozzolanic materials can not be found in these documents. It was thus very surprising that belit obtainable by hydrothermal treatment and tempering in combination with latent-hydraulic and / or pozzolanic materials provides sufficient to even high early strength.
• Reactive belite may be obtained by hydrothermal treatment of a starting material of one or more raw materials containing sufficient quantities CaO and S1O2 can be prepared.
• raw materials such as calcium carbonate or oxide and are suitable
• Quartz flour or microsilica a variety of natural as well as industrial materials, such as, but not limited to, limestone, bauxite, clay / clays, calcined clays (eg metakaolin), basalts, periodites, dunes, ignimbrites, carbonatites, ashes / slags / blastfurnace slags low quality (mineralogy / glass content, reactivity, etc.), diverse stockpiles, red and brown sludges, natural sulphate carriers, desulphurisation sludges, phosphogypsum, flue gas gypsum, titanogips, fluorogips, etc., in
• raw materials which at the same time contain S1O2 and CaO, so that the desired Ca / Si ratio is already present. If the desired Ca / Si ratio is not present, then the raw materials must be adjusted to a suitable Ca: Si ratio in the starting material before further treatment with respect to the chemical composition by adding further reactants such as Ca or Si-containing solids from 1.5 to 2.5. Portlandite Ca (OH) 2 or burnt or unfired lime are suitable for this purpose, for example.
• the raw materials or the starting material with respect to grain size and particle size distribution are optimized by mechanical or thermal treatment, the thermal
• Treatment may also lead to an optimization of the chemical composition.
• the preferred secondary raw materials in addition to sources of CaO and SiO 2, also introduce other elements such as aluminum, iron, magnesium and others into the starting material mixture. These further elements are incorporated as foreign ions in the phases or form their own phases. Provided are present, a molar (Ca + Mg) / (Si + Al + Fe) ratio of 1 to 3.5, a molar ratio Ca: Mg of 0.1 to 100 and a molar ratio
• (Al + Fe) / Si of 100 to 0.1 is preferable.
• the molar ratio of the sum of calcium and magnesium to the sum of silicon, aluminum and iron should preferably be from 1.5 to 2.5, more preferably about 2.
• the ratio of calcium to magnesium is preferably from 0.2 to 20, more preferably from 0.5 to 5.
• the ratio of the sum of aluminum and iron to silicon for a high aluminum content is preferably from 100 to 10, for a mean aluminum content of 1 to 20 and for a low aluminum content of 0.01 to 2.
• fine grain material is selected as the starting material, the largest grain is preferably at most 0.1 mm.
• the finer grain fractions from the reprocessing of cementitious binders in building materials such as old concrete and cement are used for this purpose.
• a finer starting material is advantageous both in terms of conversion rate.
• the starting material or raw materials can / can be fired in an additional step. This step is particularly preferred when using industrial by-products or relatively less-reactive or coarse materials as raw materials. Temperatures of 400 to 1400 ° C, preferably from 750 to 100 ° C, are suitable. The burning time is from 0.1 to 6 hours, preferably about 1 hour. The burning of the starting material / raw materials has the advantage that substances which are otherwise hardly / can not be used in a targeted manner (eg crystalline ashes and slags, etc.) have improved / greater reactivity in the autoclave to the intermediate product aC 2 SH is possible (by deacidification and or drainage ).
• phase composition of the final product over unfired raw materials.
• additional elements or oxides in an amount of 0, 1 to 30 wt .-%.
• Sodium, potassium, boron, sulfur, phosphorus or combinations thereof are preferred as these additional elements / oxides, also collectively referred to as impurity oxides.
• the starting material has a molar ratio P / Si of about 0.05 and / or S / Si of about 0.05 and / or Ca / K of about 0.05.
• the optionally pretreated as described, starting material can advantageously with crystallization nuclei, for example, calcium silicate hydrates, Portland clinker, granulated slags, magnesium silicates, calcium sulphate aluminate (belit) - cement, water glass, glass powder, etc., added, so be vaccinated.
• the reaction can in this case by inoculation with from 0.01 to 30 wt .-% of different calcium silicate hydrate containing compounds, in particular with
• the starting material which is optionally pretreated and / or seeded as described above, is then subjected to a hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C, preferably from 150 ° C to 250 ° C. In this case, a water / solids ratio of 0, 1 is preferred to 100, preferably from 2 to 20 chosen.
• the residence times are typically from 0.1 to 24 hours, preferably from 1 to 16 hours, in particular from 2 to 8 hours.
• the hydrothermal treatment converts the starting material into an intermediate containing at least one calcium silicate hydrate and optionally further compounds.
• the intermediate product can be ground, wherein the milling process can be carried out both on the wet and on the dried intermediate.
• the aim of the grinding is a deagglomeration and a
• Both the intermediate and mixtures with the clinker substitute material to be excited or parts thereof may be ground. It has surprisingly been found that milling of the intermediate leads to significantly more reactive end products. However, no reaction milling takes place, i. the supplied grinding energy is limited so that essentially no chemical transformations are triggered.
• the optionally ground, intermediate product is at a temperature of 350 ° C to 495 ° C, preferably at more than 400 ° C, annealed.
• the heating rate of 10 - 6000 ° C / min, preferably from 20 - 100 ° C / min and more preferably about 40 ° C / min.
• a residence time of 0.01-600 min, preferably 1-120 min and more preferably 5-60 min is suitable.
• the water formed for example, by a continuous gas flow or by negative pressure or by a high surface / volume ratio of the intermediate removed.
• a continuous gas stream in particular air stream.
• the end product contains desired, reactive Belit.
• the end product contains 30-100% of the following compounds: x-Ca 2 Si0 4 , X-ray amorphous compounds of variable composition, ⁇ -Ca 2 SiO 4 and reactive Y-Ca 2 SiO 4 with a phase-specific degree of hydration of at least 50% in the first 7 Days after mixing with water.
• the BET surface area of the final product should be from 1 to 30 m 2 / g.
• the SiO 2 tetrahedra in the final product have an average degree of condensation of less than 1.0.
• the water content in the binder is less than
• the end product is optionally ground in a conventional manner to a desired fineness or particle size distribution.
• the grinding can also be done together with the clinker substitute material or parts thereof.
• Usual grinding aids such as e.g. Alkanolamines, ethylene glycols and propylene glycols can be used. Milling can be dispensable with fine raw materials and suitable particle size distribution. If already the intermediate or
• the end product preferably contains x-Ca 2 SiO 4 in a content of
• Belit By the method highly reactive Belit can be prepared, which is suitable as an exciter for clinker replacement materials. It contains very reactive polymorphs and X-ray amorphous phases. Furthermore, y-Ca 2 Si0 4 contain. The formation of this polymorph is avoided in portland cement production by rapid clinker cooling, since this polymorph makes no contribution to the development of strength. In contrast to the production of this phase by sintering, it shows a good reactivity when produced by hydrothermal treatment and annealing at ⁇ 500 ° C. Materials prepared in this way have a pH below 12.6 in an aqueous environment, with the pH rising from below 12 immediately after mixing with water to about 12.5 after 30 to 60 minutes.
• clinker means a sintered product which is obtained by firing a raw material mixture at elevated temperature and contains at least one hydraulically reactive phase.
• Cement refers to a clinker milled with or without the addition of further components, and a similarly fine-grained material obtained by other means which reacts hydraulically with water after mixing.
• Binder or binder mixture refers to a cement and typically but not necessarily further, finely ground components containing, hydraulically hardening mixture, which after addition of water, if necessary. Additives and aggregate, is used. Unless otherwise stated, "reactive" means hydraulic reactivity.
• At least one clinker substitute material i. a latent hydraulic and / or pozzolanic material, with reactive belite, available as described, mixed as an exciter.
• the proportions are very variable, preferably 5 to 95 wt .-% latent-hydraulic and / or pozzolanic material and 5 to 95 wt .-% exciter
• binder Preferably 30 to 85 wt .-% latent hydraulic and / or pozzolanic material and 15 to 70 wt .-% exciters, more preferably 40 to 80 wt .-% latent hydraulic material and 20 to 60 wt .-% stimulator, where the values are based on the total amount of binder and the proportions add up to 100% with the remaining binder components.
• Preferred pozzolanic / latent hydraulic materials are tempered clays (e.g., metakaolin) and shale, V and W high glass content flyashes and / or reactive phase content, blast furnace sands, and manmade
• the binder also contains additives and / or additives and, if necessary, further hydraulically active components and / or sulfate carrier.
• the additives are not hydraulically active
• Components such as, but not limited to, ground limestone / dolomite, precipitated CaC0 3 , Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , CaO, silica fume and glass flour.
• the additives may be combined in an amount ranging from 1 to 25% by weight, preferably from 3 to 20% by weight, and more preferably from 6 to
• alkali and / or alkaline earth sulfates preferably in the form of gypsum and / or hemihydrate and / or anhydrite and / or magnesium sulfate and / or sodium sulfate and / or potassium sulfate.
• the binder contains
• the Portland cement both by volume outweigh analogously to the Portland lodge cements, and similar to the blast furnace and composite cements contain comparable amounts of Portland clinker and mixture of latent hydraulic material with exciters to predominantly mixture of latent hydraulic material with exciters.
• the binder may preferably contain from 1 to 70% by weight, in particular from 5 to 40% by weight and more preferably from 10 to 25% by weight, of Portland cement.
• Existing additives such as limestone and / or Portland cement clinker and / or other clinker and / or sulfate carriers are in the binder according to the invention to a fineness (according to Blaine) from 2000 to 10000 cm 2 / g, preferably from 3000 to 6000 cm 2 / g and more preferably from 4000 to 5000 cm 2 / g milled.
• the grinding can be done separately or together in a conventional manner.
• the cement or binder mixture also contains as additive one or more setting and / or hardening accelerators, preferably selected from components with available aluminum or those in contact with water aluminum, for example in the form of Al (OH ) 4 " or amorphous Al (OH) 3 gel, such as, but not limited to, soluble alkali / alkaline earth aluminates and
• Aluminum salts eg Na 2 Al 2 O 4 , K 2 Al 2 O 4 , aluminum nitrate, acetates, chloride, formate, sulfate, etc.
• reactive and / or amorphous aluminum hydroxide eg
• Additive one or more setting and / or hardening accelerator also in combination with the aforementioned components with available aluminum, preferably selected among lithium salts and hydroxides, other alkali metal salts and hydroxides, alkali metal silicates.
• the setting and / or hardening accelerators may be added in total in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 8% by weight and even more preferably from 1 to 5% by weight become
• Hardening accelerating additives such as alkali / alkaline earth aluminates, aluminum salts, alkali metal salts, silicates and hydroxides, which increase the pH of the solution, are particularly preferred. It is further preferred if concrete plasticizers and / or flow agents and / or retarders, preferably based on lignosulfonates, sulfonated naphthalene, melamine or phenol formaldehyde condensate, or based on acrylic acid-acrylamide or polycarboxylate or based on phosphated polycondensates, phosphated alkylcarboxylic acid and salts thereof, (hydroxy) carboxylic acids and carboxylates, borax, boric acid and borates, oxalates, sulfanilic acid, aminocarboxylic acids, salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid, dialdehydes.
• concrete plasticizers and / or flow agents and / or retarders preferably based
• Sealant, and / or stabilizer may be included.
• Additive is in the usual amount.
• the binder of the invention can be used in a conventional manner for all applications in which otherwise Portland cement, Portland againnzement, composite cement, etc. are used. In general, the binder for use with aggregates and optionally. Other additives, e.g. mixed to concrete, mortar, plaster, screed, etc. and mixed with water.
• a water / binder value of 0.2 to 2 is suitable, preferably from 0.3 to 0.8 and particularly preferably from 0.35 to 0.5.
• the cement or binder according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for solidifying contaminated sites.
• a content of adsorptively active additives for example zeolites and / or ion exchange resins, is preferred.
• a high pH may be beneficial, favoring the formation of sparingly soluble hydroxides. This can be realized, for example, but not exclusively, by mixing the binder according to the invention with Portland cement and / or alkali metal salts and hydroxides.
• the invention also relates to all combinations of preferred embodiments, as far as these are not mutually exclusive.
• the information "about” or “approx.” in conjunction with a numerical indication, means that at least 10% higher or lower values or 5% higher or lower values and in any case 1% higher or lower values are included.
• an intermediate was first synthesized as follows. Preparation of a mixture of Ca (OH) 2 and nano-Si0 2 in a molar ratio 2: 1. After the addition of seedlings of 5 wt .-% a-2CaO SiO 2 H 2 0, the mixture was homogenized with water. The ratio of water / solid was 2. Autoclave treatment at 15 bar followed for 16 h. This was followed by drying at 60 ° C. The intermediate was composed of 97% by weight of ⁇ -2CaO SiO 2 H 2 O, and 3% by weight of amorphous components. Subsequent annealing at 420 ° C transferred the intermediate to the stimulant containing reactive belite.
• the exciter consisted of 50 wt .-% X-ray amorphous material, 40 wt .-% x-Ca 2 Si0 4 , 5 wt .-%
• Table 3 compares the expected amounts of heat calculated from the proportions of the pure components with the measured amounts of heat of the mixtures.
• the comparison shows that the measured amounts of heat are significantly higher than those calculated from the components. The difference is due to activation of the blastfurnace slag.
• the hydration products of the mixture of exciters containing reactive belite and 20% by weight of foundry sand were additionally investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy.
• FIG. 2 shows that hydration products of the granulated slag were formed.
• a mixture of Ca (OH) 2 and highly dispersed Si0 2 in a molar ratio of 2: 1 was prepared. After addition of seed of 5 wt .-% a-2CaO Si0 2 H 2 0, the mixture was homogenized with water. The water / solid ratio was 10. Autoclave treatment followed by stirring at 200 ° C for 16 h. This was followed by drying at 60 ° C. The Intermediate was composed of 87 wt .-% a-2CaO SiO 2 H 2 O, 2 wt .-% calcite, 2 wt .-% Skawtit and 9 wt .-% amorphous constituents together. The dried intermediate was mixed with 40% by weight slag sand and ground in a planetary ball mill for 3 minutes. Subsequently, a
• the pH of calcium hydroxide, OPC and inventive excipient was measured after mixing with water. The results are shown in FIG. Calcium hydroxide, light gray curve CH, had a pH of 2.6 almost immediately after mixing. Portland cement, dashed curve OPC, also quickly reached a pH above 12.
• the exciter according to the invention thus has a lower pH than OPC or calcium hydroxide and a much lower pH than sodium or potassium hydroxide.

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• 2016
  • 2016-06-14 PL PL16732940T patent/PL3310737T3/pl unknown
  • 2016-06-14 CN CN201680034702.9A patent/CN107743477A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-06-14 EP EP16732940.8A patent/EP3310737B1/de active Active
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  • 2016-06-14 WO PCT/EP2016/000984 patent/WO2016202449A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2016-06-14 CA CA2989367A patent/CA2989367A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-06-14 US US15/580,049 patent/US20180305254A1/en not_active Abandoned

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