WO2016129306A1 - 選択素子およびメモリセルならびに記憶装置 - Google Patents
選択素子およびメモリセルならびに記憶装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129306A1 WO2016129306A1 PCT/JP2016/050539 JP2016050539W WO2016129306A1 WO 2016129306 A1 WO2016129306 A1 WO 2016129306A1 JP 2016050539 W JP2016050539 W JP 2016050539W WO 2016129306 A1 WO2016129306 A1 WO 2016129306A1
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- electrode
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/841—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/20—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes
- H10B63/24—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes of the Ovonic threshold switching type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/80—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays
- H10B63/84—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, e.g. 3D cell arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N97/00—Electric solid-state thin-film or thick-film devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
- H10B61/10—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes or MIM elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
- H10N70/245—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies the species being metal cations, e.g. programmable metallization cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a selection element having a switch element between electrodes, a memory cell including the selection element, and a memory device.
- cross-point type memory cells are provided with selection elements for cell selection.
- the selection element include those configured using a metal oxide (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), but the selection element has an insufficient switching threshold voltage, When a high voltage is applied, dielectric breakdown is likely to occur.
- a selection element for example, see Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4 in which the resistance value is switched at a certain voltage and the current rapidly increases (Snap Back).
- the selection current value can be made larger than a selection element constituted by a nonlinear resistance material such as a metal oxide. It becomes.
- the switching threshold voltage of the selection element needs to be larger than the write threshold voltage of the memory element to be combined, the magnitude is not sufficient. Further, when combined with a memory element having a large write threshold voltage, the selection element is required to have a sufficiently large selection ratio (on / off state) and half-selection (off) state (on / off ratio). However, this was not enough.
- a selection element using a chalcogenide material Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS): see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Is small, the current in the on-state can be increased, and the switch characteristic is such that the current increases rapidly by switching at a certain threshold voltage, so that a relatively large on / off ratio can be obtained.
- Ovonic Threshold Switch Ovonic Threshold Switch
- this OTS element is used for a cross-point type memory cell as a selection element and a current having a large current density of, for example, 10 MA / cm 2 is passed, and further repeated operation is performed at such a large current density.
- a current having a large current density of, for example, 10 MA / cm 2 is passed, and further repeated operation is performed at such a large current density.
- the switching threshold voltage is lowered, or the variation of the switching threshold voltage between a plurality of OTS elements arranged becomes large.
- the selection element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode, a switch element provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and boron (B) , Including at least one of silicon (Si) and carbon (C), and a non-linear resistance element connected in series with the switch element.
- a memory cell according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a memory element and the selection element.
- a storage device includes a plurality of memory elements and a plurality of the selection elements.
- the memory cell according to the embodiment, and the memory device according to the embodiment, together with the switching element at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) is used.
- B boron
- Si silicon
- C carbon
- the memory cell of one embodiment, and the memory device of one embodiment, together with the switch element, at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) Nonlinear resistance elements including seeds were used.
- B boron
- Si silicon
- C carbon
- the current applied to the switch element is controlled, and it becomes possible to provide a highly reliable selection element, memory cell, and memory device with improved current resistance.
- the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any effects described in the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a memory cell array including the selection element illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a configuration of a memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the memory cell illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating another example of the memory cell array including the selection element illustrated in FIG. 1. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the selection element which concerns on the modification 1 of this indication. It is sectional drawing of the memory cell provided with the selection element shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view showing the current-voltage characteristic of the nonlinear resistance element used for the selection element shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view showing the current-voltage characteristic of a general switch element. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the reciprocal of the set resistance of a general memory element, and a current. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the selection element which concerns on the modification 2 of this indication.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a memory cell including the selection element shown in FIG. 15. It is a characteristic view showing the current voltage characteristic of the nonlinear resistance element used for the selection element shown in FIG. It is a current-voltage characteristic view of each current density in Experimental Example 1-1. It is a current-voltage characteristic view of each current density in Experimental Example 1-2. It is a current-voltage characteristic view of each current density in Experimental Example 1-3.
- FIG. 10 is a current-voltage characteristic diagram in Experimental Example 2-1. It is a current-voltage characteristic figure in Experimental example 2-2.
- Embodiment selecting element comprising a switching element and a non-linear resistance element 1-1.
- Selection element 1-2.
- Modification (example using a constant current diode as a nonlinear resistance element) 2-1.
- Modification 2 3.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a selection element (selection element 10A) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the selection element 10A selects, for example, an arbitrary memory element (memory element 20; FIG. 7) among a plurality of memory cell arrays (memory cell array 1A) having a so-called cross-point array structure shown in FIG. It is intended to operate automatically.
- the selection element 10A (selection element 10; FIG. 7) is a switch element 10X and a non-linear resistance element 10Y having the current-voltage characteristics shown in FIG. 2 connected in series.
- the non-linear resistance layer 15 constituting the non-linear resistance element 10Y and the switch element 10X are formed between the lower electrode 11 (first electrode) and the upper electrode 12 (second electrode) arranged to face each other.
- the switch layer 14 is stacked in this order from the lower electrode 11 side through the intermediate electrode 13. That is, the switch element 10X and the non-linear resistance element 10Y share the intermediate electrode 13, and the switch element 10X is formed by the intermediate electrode 13, the switch layer 14 and the upper electrode 12 to form the lower electrode 11, the non-linear resistance layer 15 and the intermediate electrode 13.
- the electrode 13 constitutes the nonlinear resistance element 10Y.
- the lower electrode 11 is a wiring material used in a semiconductor process, such as tungsten (W), tungsten nitride (WN), titanium nitride (TiN), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta). ), Tantalum nitride (TaN), silicide, and the like.
- the lower electrode 11 is made of a material that may cause ion conduction in an electric field such as Cu
- the surface of the lower electrode 11 made of Cu or the like is made of W, WN, titanium nitride (TiN), TaN, or the like. You may make it coat
- a known semiconductor wiring material can be used similarly to the lower electrode 11, but a stable material that does not react with the switch layer 14 even after post-annealing is preferable.
- the switch element 10X performs an OTS operation by applying a voltage.
- the applied voltage is set to a certain threshold voltage or more, the switch layer 14 is lowered in resistance, and the applied voltage is reduced or removed below the threshold voltage.
- the switch layer 14 has a high resistance. This threshold voltage is referred to as a switching threshold voltage.
- the material of the switch layer 14 has a small leakage current in the off state and a large selection ratio.
- a material capable of using dry etching in the manufacturing process because of easy microfabrication.
- the switch layer 14 contains a group 16 element of the periodic table, specifically, chalcogen elements such as sulfur (S), selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te), and boron ( It is preferable to use a chalcogenide containing at least one of B), silicon (Si) and carbon (C).
- Te is particularly preferable.
- the leakage current in the off state is reduced by adding nitrogen (N).
- the film thickness of the switch layer 14 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 nm or more and 40 nm or less, for example, in order to reduce the thickness of the switch layer 14 and suppress the leakage current at the time of non-selection (off) as much as possible. .
- the switch layer 14 may contain, for example, metal elements such as aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), yttrium (Y), and rare earth elements as additive elements other than the above elements. Note that the switch layer 14 may contain elements other than these as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
- the non-linear resistance element 10Y has a non-linear current-voltage characteristic as shown in FIG. 2, and a switch element 10X (specifically, a switch element 10X) is generated from a drive current applied at the time of writing or erasing in a memory cell array to be described later. For protecting the layer 14).
- the nonlinear resistance element 10Y preferably has moderate nonlinearity. Specifically, for example, it is desirable to have non-linearity in which the current increases by about 0.5 to 2 digits per 1V in an IV curve shape in the current-voltage characteristics. This is because the switch element 10X operates favorably.
- the non-linearity is smaller than 0.5 digit / 1 V, for example, when the resistance value in the off state is increased, the current flowing in the on state is reduced, and it is difficult to sufficiently obtain the effect of the present disclosure.
- the non-linearity is too large (for example, exceeding 2 digits / 1V)
- the switch element 10X cannot be protected from an overcurrent at the time of switching, and the switch element 10X cannot be prevented from being deteriorated.
- the non-linear resistance element 10Y of the present embodiment is not limited to the range where the current increase per 1V is 0.5 digits to 2 digits. If the effect of the present disclosure is obtained, the nonlinear resistance element 10Y falls outside the above range. It may be.
- the material of the non-linear resistance layer 15 preferably includes at least one of B, Si, and C. Specifically, the dielectric breakdown voltage of the non-linear resistance layer 15 is increased by using B 4 C. be able to.
- the material constituting the non-linear resistance layer 15 does not necessarily have a so-called compound composition having a uniform composition ratio, and can have any composition as long as it includes any of B, Si, and C. .
- a B—Si—C alloy, a B—Si alloy, or a Si—C alloy may be used.
- oxygen (O) or N may be added. By adding O or N, the resistance value or insulation of the nonlinear resistance layer 15 can be improved.
- the non-linear resistance element 10Y (non-linear resistance layer 15) has a withstand voltage of 1 MV / cm or more, and allows a current having a current density of 10 MA / cm 2 or more to flow when the applied voltage is 2 V or less. preferable.
- a non-stoichiometric compound such as silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), or silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) is used as the material of the nonlinear resistance layer 15. Also good.
- the film thickness of the non-linear resistance layer 15 is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less in order to keep the flowing current low when the switch element is in an off state and allow a large current to flow in the on state.
- B, C, and Si are elements that are also used in the switch layer 14, and thus are preferable in that similar etching conditions can be used in etching performed during microfabrication.
- the intermediate electrode 13 is provided between the switch layer 14 and the nonlinear resistance layer 15.
- the material of the intermediate electrode 13 is conductive and has, for example, an oxidation-reduction reaction such as dissolution or precipitation of ions in the switch layer 14 and the nonlinear resistance layer 15 containing chalcogenide and movement of ions by application of an electric field. It is preferable to use a hard inert material. For example, it is preferable to use a refractory metal (for example, a melting point of 1800 ° C. or higher) or a compound thereof, thereby suppressing deterioration of the switch element 10X.
- a refractory metal for example, a melting point of 1800 ° C. or higher
- the material include titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum nitride (TaN), tungsten (W), tungsten nitride (WN), titanium tungsten (TiW), and titanium tungsten nitride (TiWN). It is desirable to use W. W is preferably used not only for the intermediate electrode 13 but also for an electrode in contact with the switch layer 14 (here, the upper electrode 12). This is because a chalcogen element (for example, Te) contained in the switch layer 14 reacts or is easily alloyed with an electrode material used in a general semiconductor circuit mainly composed of Al, Cu, or the like. This is because the characteristics of the switch element 10X are significantly deteriorated due to the reaction.
- a chalcogen element for example, Te
- At least the switch layer 14 is in contact with an electrode formed of the above-described high melting point metal or a compound that does not easily react with Te.
- the selection element 10A is lowered in resistance by application of a voltage equal to or higher than the switching threshold voltage, but returns to a high resistance state when the applied voltage is lowered below the switching threshold voltage.
- the selection element 10A has a phase change (amorphous phase (amorphous phase)) of the switch layer 14 by applying a voltage pulse or a current pulse through a lower electrode 11 and an upper electrode 12 from a power supply circuit (pulse applying means) (not shown). ) And crystal phase).
- the selection element 10A does not perform a memory operation such that a conduction path formed by movement of ions by voltage application is maintained even after erasing the applied voltage.
- the capacity of the memory is increased by a cross point in which a memory cell in which a memory element and a switch element are stacked is arranged in the vicinity of a cross point between intersecting wires as shown in FIG.
- a resistance change type memory element for example, a memory element 20 described later
- the resistance change type memory element is formed of various materials. Generally, a memory element having a larger write threshold voltage has higher recording retention reliability. Further, the write threshold voltage of the memory element has a variation between elements. For this reason, it is necessary to allow an extra margin for the write threshold voltage in a large-scale memory cell array.
- the switching threshold voltage of the switch element is preferably higher than that.
- the variation of the write threshold voltage in the memory cell array is ⁇ 0.3V.
- the voltage is desirably 1.3 V or higher. Therefore, in order to drive a memory element having a high writing threshold voltage (for example, 1.5 V or more) and high retention reliability without a defective writing operation, a higher switching threshold voltage is required for the switch element.
- a bidirectional diode for example, MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) bidirectional diode
- MIM Metal-Insulator-Metal
- the selection ratio (on / off ratio) defined by the ratio of the resistance value or the current value between the on state and the off state to be driven is often insufficient.
- some MIM diodes using NbO x , VO x, and the like switch at a certain threshold voltage, but have a large leakage current in the off state and do not have a sufficiently large selection ratio.
- the selection ratio is further reduced, so that it is difficult to operate a memory cell array including a plurality of memory elements such as a cross-point type memory cell. . This is because the off-state leakage current is large and the selection ratio is low.
- an OTS element using a chalcogenide material has a small leakage current in the off state, can increase the current in the on state, and has the above switching characteristics.
- a relatively large selection ratio can be obtained even when connected to. Therefore, it is promising as a selection element used for a large capacity memory such as a cross-point type memory cell.
- the OTS element when used for a cross-point type memory cell, if a current having a large current density of 10 MA / cm 2 , for example, is passed and repeated operation is performed at such a large current density, the switching threshold voltage decreases. Or a variation in switching threshold voltage between a plurality of OTS elements arranged increases. This is because the OTS element has a so-called negative resistance in which the resistance value rapidly decreases during switching (the apparent resistance value is almost 0 or minus).
- a negative resistance is generated when the OTS element is switched, and an excessive current flows instantaneously.
- the OTS element specifically, a chalcogenide layer made of a chalcogenide material
- the switching threshold voltage decreases and the switching threshold voltage varies.
- FIG. 3 shows current-voltage characteristics of the linear resistance element.
- 4A shows a current-voltage characteristic when a non-linear resistance element having a non-linear current-voltage characteristic as shown in FIG. 2 and a switch element are connected in series
- FIG. 4B shows the current-voltage characteristic in FIG.
- the current-voltage characteristic when the element (linear resistance element) and the switch element which have the current-voltage characteristic of line formation as shown and the switch element are connected in series is represented. As can be seen from FIG.
- the selection element formed by connecting the non-linear resistance element in series with the switch element shows the switch characteristics regardless of the resistance value of the non-linear resistance element, and can change the sustain voltage.
- the sustain voltage is also referred to as a holding voltage, and is a voltage at an inflection point at which the voltage starts to rise again after the voltage is lowered by switching in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 4B when a linear resistance element and a switch element are combined, when a linear resistance element having a large resistance value is used in order to improve the voltage resistance of the switch element, it is turned on. Since the current is also limited, the switch characteristics are lost.
- the sustaining voltage can be increased and the switching threshold voltage can be controlled without significantly affecting the on-current. That is, it is possible to reduce degradation of the switching element due to repetition characteristics and deterioration due to applied current and voltage.
- an on-current can be secured, so that a driving current density can be obtained. For this reason, even in a miniaturized memory cell, a driving current necessary for rewriting a memory element can be obtained.
- the current control element combined with the switch element is preferably a non-linear resistance element.
- a non-linear resistance element for example, a non-linear resistance element using TiO 2 or the like can be mentioned, but this non-linear resistance element is not sufficient in specific resistance, withstand voltage, etc.
- TiO 2 is destroyed and a sufficient effect as a current control element cannot be obtained.
- the effect can be obtained by increasing the film thickness of the non-linear resistance element, but in this case, miniaturization of the memory cell is hindered.
- the selection element 10A of the present embodiment includes at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) as a current control element connected in series to the switch element 10X.
- the nonlinear resistance element 10Y is used. Specifically, between the lower electrode 11 and the upper electrode 12 arranged to face each other, the switch layer 14 via the intermediate electrode 13 and the nonlinear resistance layer 15 including at least one of B, Si, and C, Were stacked. This makes it possible to control the current applied to the switch element 10X.
- the nonlinear resistance element 10Y including at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) is connected in series with the switch element 10X. I did it. As a result, the current applied to the switch element 10X can be controlled, the switch layer 14 constituting the switch element 10X is protected, and the current resistance can be improved.
- the selection element 10 is only required to connect the switch element 10X and the nonlinear resistance element 10Y in series, and is laminated between the lower electrode 11 and the upper electrode 12 via the intermediate electrode 13.
- the order in which the switch layer 14 and the nonlinear resistance layer 15 are stacked is not particularly limited.
- the intermediate electrode 13 may be laminated
- the switch layer 14 may be on the lower electrode side
- the nonlinear resistance layer 15 may be laminated on the upper electrode side.
- the resistance value of the nonlinear resistance layer 15 is adjusted by adjusting its composition, film thickness, etc., for example, without using the intermediate electrode 13 as in the selection elements 10C and 10D shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the switch layer 14 and the non-linear resistance layer 15 may be directly laminated.
- the selection elements 10C and 10D that do not use the intermediate electrode 13 tend to have higher off-state resistance than the selection elements 10A and 10B that use the intermediate electrode 13 even if the switch layer 14 and the nonlinear resistance layer 15 have the same film thickness. There is.
- the area of the non-linear resistance element 10Y is the size of the element itself, but in the selection elements 10C and 10D not using the intermediate electrode 13, it is formed in the switch layer 14. This is because the size of the filament to be formed is considered to be a substantial element size.
- the resistance or nonlinearity of the non-linear resistance layer 15 of the selection elements 10C and 10D that do not use the intermediate electrode 13 is set so that a current that is 1 to 4 digits larger than the leakage current in the OFF state of the switch layer 14 flows. It is preferable to adjust. Specifically, although depending on the element sizes of the selection elements 10C and 10D, the film thickness of the nonlinear resistance layer 15 is, for example, 1/5 to 1 compared with the selection elements 10A and 10B using the intermediate electrode 13. / 2 or less is preferable. Also, when the resistance value is adjusted by changing the composition ratio of the non-linear resistance layer 15, the resistance may be 1/5 to 1/2 or less.
- the storage device can be configured by arranging a plurality of memory elements 20 to be described later, for example, in a column shape or a matrix shape.
- the selection element 10 of the present disclosure includes the switch element 10X and the nonlinear resistance element 10Y connected in series, and the selection element 10 is further connected in series with the memory element 20 to be connected to the memory cell. 2 is constituted.
- the memory cell 2 is connected to a sense amplifier, an address decoder, a write / erase / read circuit, etc. via wiring such as a bit line (BL) and a word line (WL).
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a so-called cross-point array type storage device (memory cell array 1A) in which the memory cells 2 are arranged at the intersections (cross points) between the intersecting wirings.
- this memory cell array 1A for each memory cell 2, wiring connected to the lower electrode 11 side (for example, bit line; BL (row line)) and wiring connected to the upper electrode 12 side (for example, word line) Line; WL (vertical line)), for example, each memory cell 2 is arranged near the intersection of these wirings.
- the cross point array structure the floor area per unit cell can be reduced, and the capacity can be increased.
- a high-density and large-capacity memory can be realized by forming a three-dimensional structure in which unit structures composed of bit lines, memory cells 2 and word lines are stacked in the Z-axis direction. .
- the bit line or the word line may be shared by the upper and lower memory cells.
- an interlayer insulating film (not shown) may be provided between the stacked unit structures composed of the bit line, the memory cell 2 and the word line.
- the memory element 20 constituting the memory cell 2 has, for example, the lower electrode 11, the memory layer 21, and the upper electrode 12 in this order.
- the memory layer 21 is configured, for example, by a laminated structure in which the resistance change layer 23 and the ion source layer 22 are laminated from the lower electrode 11 side or a single layer structure of the resistance change layer 23.
- an intermediate electrode 24 is provided between the switch layer 14 and the memory layer 21, and the intermediate electrode 24 serves as an upper electrode of the selection element 10 and a lower electrode of the memory element 20.
- the memory cell 2 includes, for example, a resistance change layer 23, an ion source layer 22, an intermediate electrode 24, a nonlinear resistance layer 15, between the lower electrode 11 and the upper electrode 12, as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the intermediate electrode 13 and the switch layer 14 are stacked in this order (memory cell 2A).
- the memory layer 21 may be a so-called resistance change type memory element (memory element) having a configuration in which, for example, the ion source layer 22 and the resistance change layer 23 are stacked as described above.
- a resistance change memory made of a transition metal oxide, PCM (phase change memory) or MRAM (magnetoresistance change memory) may be used.
- the ion source layer 22 includes a movable element that forms a conduction path in the resistance change layer 23 by application of an electric field.
- the movable elements are, for example, transition metal elements (Group 4 to Group 6 of the periodic table) and chalcogen elements, and the ion source layer 22 is configured to include one or more of these elements.
- the ion source layer 22 preferably contains oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), or an element other than the above elements, such as Al, Cu, zirconium (Zr), and hafnium (Hf).
- the ion source layer 22 may contain, for example, manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), Si, and the like.
- the resistance change layer 23 is made of, for example, an oxide or nitride of a metal element or a nonmetal element, and the resistance value changes when a predetermined voltage is applied between the lower electrode 11 and the upper electrode 12. To do. Specifically, when a voltage is applied between the lower electrode 11 and the upper electrode 12, the transition metal element contained in the ion source layer 22 moves into the resistance change layer 23, and a conduction path is formed. The change layer 23 has a low resistance. Alternatively, structural defects such as oxygen defects and nitrogen defects occur in the resistance change layer 23 to form a conduction path, and the resistance change layer 23 has a low resistance. Further, by applying a reverse voltage, the conduction path is cut or the conductivity is changed. As a result, the resistance change layer 23 is increased in resistance.
- the metal element and the nonmetal element included in the resistance change layer 23 do not necessarily have to be in an oxide state, and may be in a state in which a part thereof is oxidized.
- the initial resistance value of the resistance change layer 23 only needs to realize an element resistance of, for example, several M ⁇ to several hundred G ⁇ , and the optimum value varies depending on the size of the element and the resistance value of the ion source layer 22.
- the film thickness is preferably about 1 nm to 10 nm, for example.
- the intermediate electrode 24 is provided between the selection element 10 and the memory element 20.
- redox such as dissolution / precipitation of ions into the switch layer 14 containing the chalcogenide and the ion source layer 22 by application of an electric field. Any inert material that is unlikely to cause reaction and ion migration can be used, and the same material as that of the intermediate electrode 13 described above can be used.
- the intermediate electrode 24 is in contact with the non-linear resistance layer 15, it is not necessarily required to be W or other refractory metal, and the intermediate electrode 24 is on the side in contact with the switch layer 14 and the side in contact with the non-linear resistance layer 15. Separate materials may be used. Therefore, as the material used for the intermediate electrode 24, known materials such as Cu, Al, TiN, which are general wiring materials, can also be used.
- the stacked structure of the memory cells 2 in the memory cell array 1A having the cross-point array structure is not limited to the memory cell 2A in which the selection element 10A and the memory element 20 illustrated in FIG. 8A are stacked, and for example, FIG. 8B to FIG. A stacked structure as shown in FIG.
- the memory cell 2B shown in FIG. 8B is obtained by stacking the selection element 10B and the memory element 20 shown in FIG. 5 via the intermediate electrode 24.
- the memory cell 2C shown in FIG. And the stacking order of the memory element 20 are reversed.
- the memory cell 2D illustrated in FIG. 8D is obtained by providing the memory element 20 between the switch element 10X and the nonlinear resistance element 10Y constituting the selection element 10.
- the intermediate electrodes 13 and 24 may be omitted as appropriate, and the memory cell 2E shown in FIG. 8E has the intermediate electrode 24 between the memory element 20 and the nonlinear resistance layer 15 of the memory cell 2D shown in FIG. 8D. Is omitted.
- the switching element 10X, the nonlinear resistance element 10Y, and the memory element 20 are directly stacked, the switching element 10X and the memory element 20 are interposed between the nonlinear resistance element 10Y as in the memory cell 2F illustrated in FIG. 8F. It is preferable to laminate.
- the non-linear resistance layer 15 By disposing the non-linear resistance layer 15 in the middle, diffusion of movable ions in the ion source layer 22 constituting the memory element 20 to the switch layer 14 constituting the switch element 10X is reduced, and a good operation as a switch element is achieved. That is, it is possible to prevent the OTS operation from being lost.
- the memory element 20 applies a voltage pulse or a current pulse through a lower electrode 11 and an upper electrode 12 from a power supply circuit (pulse applying means) (not shown), the resistance change in which the electrical characteristic (resistance value) of the memory layer 21 changes.
- a power supply circuit pulse applying means
- a voltage or current pulse of “positive direction” (for example, a negative potential on the first electrode side and a positive potential on the second electrode side) with respect to the element in the initial state (high resistance state) is applied.
- the metal element for example, transition metal element
- the metal element contained in the ion source layer is ionized and diffuses in the memory layer (for example, in the resistance change layer), or oxygen ions move in the resistance change layer. Oxygen defects are generated.
- a low resistance portion (conductive path) having a low oxidation state is formed in the memory layer, and the resistance of the resistance change layer is lowered (recording state).
- the metal ions in the resistance change layer are ionized. Movement into the source layer or oxygen ions from the ion source layer reduces oxygen defects in the conduction path portion. As a result, the conduction path containing the metal element disappears, and the resistance of the variable resistance layer becomes high (initial state or erased state).
- the memory layer 21 is formed of a single layer of the resistance change layer 23. defects are generated by the application of a positive voltage (or current pulse) and the electric field applied to the resistance change layer 23. When a voltage pulse is applied in the negative direction, the defect is repaired by the movement of oxygen ions and nitrogen ions in the resistance change layer.
- the structure of the cross-point array type memory cell array is not limited to the memory cell array 1A shown in FIG.
- WL may extend in the Y-axis direction
- BL may extend in the Z-axis direction
- the memory cell 2 may be provided at the intersection where WL and BL face each other.
- WL and BL do not necessarily have to extend in one direction, and a part of WL may extend in the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction.
- WL may be continuously refracted from the X-axis direction to the Y-axis direction.
- the storage device in this embodiment is the same when the so-called PCM and MRAM configurations are applied to the storage layer 21.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a selection element 30 as a modified example of the present disclosure according to the above-described embodiment.
- the selection element 30 is different from the above-described embodiment in that a constant current diode is used as the nonlinear resistance element 30Y connected in series with the switching element 10X.
- FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a memory cell using the selection element 30 of this modification.
- a junction field effect transistor is used as the constant current diode that is the nonlinear resistance element 30Y, and its specific configuration is schematically shown.
- the same components as those in the above embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the non-linear resistance element 30Y is a constant current diode as described above, and specifically, a so-called junction field effect transistor having a configuration in which a gate electrode and a drain electrode or a source electrode are integrated.
- the current-voltage characteristic of the constant current diode shows a non-linear resistance change as shown in FIG.
- the current flowing through the mold channel region is limited. In the depletion type junction field effect transistor, even when the gate-source voltage becomes zero, the channel region is not blocked by the depletion layer region.
- the IV curve of the junction field effect transistor shows a change as shown in FIG. That is, since the size of the depletion layer region does not change while the drain-source voltage is small, a current proportional to the voltage flows.
- This voltage range is called the linear region and does not exhibit constant current action.
- the drain-source voltage increases, the channel region is blocked by the depletion layer region, and only a constant current flows.
- This voltage range is called a saturation region and exhibits constant current characteristics.
- the drain-source voltage is further increased, the insulation of the depletion layer region is broken, and minority carriers start to grow and a large current flows rapidly. The voltage at which a large current begins to flow is the breakdown voltage of the transistor, and the constant current action is lost in a voltage range higher than this.
- the nonlinear resistance element 30Y includes an n-type channel region 351 in which a Si or SiC semiconductor is doped with an element of Group 15 of the periodic table such as N as a donor element, and an acceptor element on the surface of the n-type substrate.
- p-type gate region 352 doped with elements of Group 13 of the periodic table such as B.
- the p-type gate region 352 has a cross-sectional area smaller than the inner diameter of the contact hole structure formed in the vertical direction at the intersection of BL and WL of the cross-point type memory cell array.
- an n-type channel region heavily doped with N or the like as a donor element is formed at a connection portion between the upper electrode 12 and the n-type channel region 351 and a connection portion between the intermediate electrode 24. ing.
- the upper electrode 12 functions as a drain electrode or a source electrode
- the intermediate electrode 24 functions as a source electrode or a drain electrode
- the n-type channel region 351 has a gate potential equal to that of the drain electrode or the source electrode.
- a p-type gate region 352 form a depletion layer.
- the selection element 10 described in the above embodiment and the selection element 30 of this modification example are connected to the memory element 20 in series to select an arbitrary memory element in a memory cell array arranged in a plurality of columns or matrices. It is for making it possible. That is, it can be said that the selection element 10 and the selection element 30 are for suppressing generation of a sneak current at the time of writing / reading of the memory element 20.
- FIG. 13 shows current-voltage characteristics of a 20 nm-thickness diode having a BCTeN layer, for example, which is used as a general selection element.
- This selection element is a kind of bidirectional Schottky barrier diode, and both ends of the BCTeN layer are connected to an inert metal electrode such as TiN or W.
- This selection element has two states, an off state in which almost no current flows and an on state in which a large current can flow. In order to switch between the off state and the on state, it is necessary to apply a voltage equal to the switching threshold voltage Vb across the BCTeN layer. As seen in FIG.
- the phenomenon that the differential resistance of the current-voltage characteristics becomes negative (negative differential resistance) at the time of transition between the off state and the on state is often seen when a chalcogen element is included. Even if the chalcogen element is not included, an insulator having many trap levels may be seen.
- the load line of this selection element is represented by a straight line connecting Vin and the maximum current Vin / RA determined by the resistance RA of the memory element.
- the set current Icomp flowing through the memory element is on the load line, and is expressed by the following equation, where the holding voltage of the selection element is Vh and the on-resistance of the selection element is Ron.
- the on-resistance Ron has a current dependency, and the set current Icomp cannot be determined accurately.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the reciprocal 1 / R A of the set resistance and the set current Icomp of a general nonvolatile memory element capable of storing the resistance value of the resistance layer provided between the pair of electrodes in a nonvolatile manner.
- This nonvolatile memory element is a kind of 4 nm-thick ion conduction memory having an Al 2 O 3 layer as a resistance layer.
- One end face of the resistance layer is connected to an inert metal electrode such as TiN, and the other end face is connected to an active electrode such as CuZrAlTe.
- This active electrode corresponds to the ion source layer described in the above embodiment.
- the reciprocal 1 / R A of the set resistance (that is, the set conductance) has a property proportional to the set current Icomp, and the set resistance value can be accurately determined as long as the set current can be strictly applied.
- a unique set current cannot be determined because the ON resistance Ron and the holding voltage Vh of the selection element vary, resulting in a variation in the set resistance itself. If the set resistance varies, one end (maximum current Vin / R A ) of the load line of the selection element also fluctuates, and the variation of the set current Icomp further increases.
- the non-linear resistance element can limit the set current Icomp flowing through the cross-point type memory cell array to a constant value. Further, since the non-linear resistance element does not have a function of reducing the reset current and the sneak current, the function does not overlap with the general selection element as described above.
- a memory cell in a cross-point type memory cell array, can be used as a new selection element by connecting a non-linear resistance element in series to a general selection element as described above as a selection element constituting a memory cell. It is possible to stabilize the maximum current flowing through the capacitor, that is, the set current to a constant value. When the set current is always constant, the resistance value of the memory element is also set to a constant value.
- the resistance value of the memory element is set to be constant, it becomes possible to improve the resistance isolation characteristic corresponding to the binary state of the high resistance state (0) and the low resistance state (1), and a cross-point type memory cell array
- the array size can be increased, and a memory (storage device) having a large capacity and a reduced price can be realized.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a selection element 40 as a modification of the present disclosure according to the above-described embodiment.
- the selection element 40 uses a junction field effect transistor as the non-linear resistance element 40Y as in the first modification, but the gate electrode (gate electrode 453) is applied with a potential different from BL and WL. It is different from the above modification.
- FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a memory cell using the selection element 40 of this modification.
- symbol is attached
- the non-linear resistance element 40Y is a junction field effect transistor as described above, and the gate electrode 453 is provided separately from the upper electrode 12 which is a drain electrode and a source electrode. This is different from the first modification.
- FIG. 17 shows the current-voltage characteristics of the nonlinear resistance element 40Y.
- the corresponding limit values Ilimit1, Ilimit2, Ilimit3,...) are controlled by controlling the voltage applied to the gate electrode 453 (for example, Vg1, Vg2, Vg3,). Can be obtained. This is because the size of the depletion layer region formed between the n-type channel region 451 and the p-type gate region 452 can be controlled.
- the maximum current (set current Icomp) flowing through the memory cell can be stabilized to a corresponding value. Therefore, the controllability of a plurality of intermediate resistance states set between the high resistance state and the low resistance state is improved, and multilevel recording of the memory cell 4 can be realized.
- the selection element 40 in addition to the effect of the first modification, the selection element 40 is set between the high resistance state and the low resistance state required for multilevel recording. Since the plurality of intermediate resistance state resistance separation characteristics are improved, it is possible to achieve further increase in capacity and cost.
- Example 1 First, after the lower electrode 11 made of TiN was cleaned by reverse sputtering, a BCTeN film having a thickness of 20 nm was formed as a switch layer 14 on TiN, and then W was formed as an intermediate electrode 13 with a thickness of 1 nm. Subsequently, after forming a B 4 C film with a thickness of 10 nm on the W film as the nonlinear resistance layer 15, W was further formed with a thickness of 30 nm to form the upper electrode 12. Subsequently, the selection element 10A (Experimental Example 1-1) was manufactured by performing fine processing using a known technique such as photolithography or dry etching so that the element size becomes 100 nm ⁇ .
- a selection element (a switching element 10X only; experimental example 1-2) not provided with the nonlinear resistance layer 15 and a selection element (in which the nonlinear resistance layer 15) is formed with a TiO 2 film (non-linear resistance layer 15).
- Experimental Example 1-3 was produced. The composition of each layer of Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-3 is shown below in the order of “lower electrode / switch layer / intermediate electrode / nonlinear resistance layer / upper electrode”.
- FIGS. 18 to 20 show the drive currents of about 0.8 mA (5 k ⁇ ; A) in Experimental Example 1-1 (FIG. 18), Experimental Example 1-2 (FIG. 19), and Experimental Example 1-3 (FIG. 20), It shows the relationship (current-voltage characteristics) between the applied voltage at 200 ⁇ A (18.5 k ⁇ ; B) and 100 ⁇ A (37 k ⁇ ; C) and the current value flowing through each electrode.
- Example 1-1 which is an embodiment of the present disclosure
- the switching threshold voltage decreases even when driven at 0.8 mA, which is the highest current density. And good characteristics could be maintained. This is considered because the nonlinear resistance layer 15 made of B 4 C is provided as the nonlinear resistance element 10Y.
- a nonlinear resistance layer made of TiO 2 is provided as the nonlinear resistance element 10Y.
- good switching characteristics were obtained up to a driving current of 100 ⁇ A, but when it exceeded 200 ⁇ A, the switching threshold voltage decreased and the variation of the switching threshold voltage became remarkable.
- the non-linear resistance element 10Y including B is connected in series like the selection element 10 of the present disclosure, the deterioration of the switch element 10X due to a large drive current is reduced, and the switching threshold voltage It has been found that an increase in switching and a variation in switching threshold voltage can be reduced. Further, even with the same nonlinear resistance element, the effect of the present disclosure could not be obtained with a nonlinear resistance element having a nonlinear resistance layer made of TiO 2 . This is probably caused by a high dielectric constant.
- the dielectric constant of TiO 2 is about 70 to 100, and the dielectric constant of B 4 C is 10 or less. That is, in order to obtain sufficient current resistance, the dielectric constant of the non-linear resistance layer is preferably a constant value or less, for example, 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- B 4 C is used as the material constituting the nonlinear resistance layer 15, but the composition ratio of B and C can be adjusted within a range not departing from the spirit of the present invention. Although not shown here, the same effect can be obtained by using Si in addition to B and C.
- Example 2 Next, a constant current diode was formed as a non-linear resistance layer 35 as a non-linear resistance element, and a selection element 30 (Experimental Example 2-1) having a configuration similar to that of Experiment 1 except for the non-linear resistance layer 35 was produced. Further, as a comparative example, a selection element (Experimental Example 2-2) having the same configuration as that of the selection element 30 was prepared except that the nonlinear resistance layer was not provided. Thirty of each of these selection elements were produced, and their current-voltage characteristics were measured.
- FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B show the current-voltage characteristics of 30 experimental examples 2-1 (FIG. 21A) and 2-1 (FIG. 21B) in an overlapping manner.
- FIG. 21A even when a constant current diode is used as the non-linear resistance element 30Y, the memory cell is compared with the experimental example 2-2 in which the non-linear resistance element is not provided as in the experimental example 1-1 in the first experiment. 2 variation could be reduced. This is presumably because the use of the constant current diode protected the memory element 20 from overcurrent and reduced the variation in cycle life and resistance value of the memory element 20.
- the present technology can take the following configurations. (1) a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode, a switch element provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, boron (B), silicon (Si) And a non-linear resistance element including at least one of carbon (C) and connected in series with the switch element. (2) The selection according to (1), wherein the nonlinear resistance element includes a nonlinear resistance layer including an alloy or a compound including at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C). element. (3) The selection element according to (1) or (2), wherein the nonlinear resistance element includes a nonlinear resistance layer including an oxide, nitride, or oxynitride of boron (B) or silicon (Si).
- the non-linear resistance element has a withstand voltage of 1 MV / cm or more, and a current having a current density of 10 MA / cm 2 or more is applied when the voltage applied to the non-linear resistance element is 2 V or less. Thru
- the switch element includes a switch layer that changes to a low resistance state when an applied voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage and changes to a high resistance state when the applied voltage is reduced or removed below the threshold voltage.
- the selection element according to any one of (4) to (4).
- the switch layer includes tellurium (Te) and at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). Selection element.
- the constant current diode is a junction field effect transistor.
- a non-linear resistance element including at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) and connected in series with the switch element.
- Memory cell (12) The memory cell according to (11), wherein the memory element includes a memory layer between the first electrode and the second electrode of the selection element. (13) The memory layer includes an ion source layer containing tellurium (Te) and at least one of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), zirconium (Zr), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O); The memory cell according to (12), further including a resistance change layer made of an oxide material. (14) The memory layer, the switch element, or the selection element is stacked via a fourth electrode between the first electrode and the second electrode, according to (12) or (13). Memory cells.
- the memory layer is any one of (12) to (14), which is any one of a resistance change layer, a phase change memory layer, and a magnetoresistance change memory layer made of a transition metal oxide.
- a plurality of memory cells including a memory element and a selection element connected to the memory element, wherein the selection element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode, and the first electrode And a switching element provided between the second electrode and at least one of boron (B), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) and connected in series with the switching element A memory device having a resistance element.
- the memory according to (16) including a plurality of row lines and a plurality of column lines, wherein the memory cells are arranged in the vicinity of intersection regions of the plurality of row lines and the plurality of column lines. apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
1.実施の形態(スイッチ素子と非線形抵抗素子とからなる選択素子)
1-1.選択素子
1-2.記憶装置
2.変形例(非線形抵抗素子として定電流ダイオードを用いた例)
2-1.変形例1
2-2.変形例2
3.実施例
(1-1.選択素子)
図1は、本開示の一実施の形態に係る選択素子(選択素子10A)の断面構成を表したものである。この選択素子10Aは、例えば、図7に示した、所謂クロスポイントアレイ構造を有するメモリセルアレイ(メモリセルアレイ1A)に複数配設されたうちの任意のメモリ素子(メモリ素子20;図7)を選択的に動作させるためのものである。本実施の形態では、選択素子10A(選択素子10;図7)は、スイッチ素子10Xと、図2に示した電流電圧特性を有する非線形抵抗素子10Yとが直列に接続されたものである。具体的には、対向配置された下部電極11(第1電極)と上部電極12(第2電極)との間に、非線形抵抗素子10Yを構成する非線形抵抗層15と、スイッチ素子10Xを構成するスイッチ層14とが中間電極13を介して、下部電極11側からこの順に積層された構成を有する。即ち、スイッチ素子10Xおよび非線形抵抗素子10Yは、互いに中間電極13を共有しており、この中間電極13、スイッチ層14および上部電極12によってスイッチ素子10Xが、下部電極11、非線形抵抗層15および中間電極13によって非線形抵抗素子10Yが構成されている。
記憶装置(メモリ)は、後述するメモリ素子20を複数、例えば列状やマトリクス状に配列することにより構成することができる。このとき、本開示の選択素子10は、上記スイッチ素子10Xと非線形抵抗素子10Yとが直列に接続されたものであり、この選択素子10が、さらに、メモリ素子20と直列に接続されてメモリセル2を構成している。メモリセル2は、ビット線(BL)およびワード線(WL)等の配線を介してセンスアンプ,アドレスデコーダおよび書き込み・消去・読み出し回路等に接続される。
(2-1.変形例1)
図10は、上記実施の形態に係る本開示の変形例としての選択素子30の断面構成を表したものである。この選択素子30は、スイッチ素子10Xと直列に接続される非線形抵抗素子30Yとして定電流ダイオードを用いた点が、上記実施の形態とは異なる。図11は、本変形例の選択素子30を用いたメモリセルの断面構成を表したものである。図11では、非線形抵抗素子30Yである定電流ダイオードとして、例えば、接合型電界効果トランジスタを用い、その具体的な構成を模式的に表している。また、上記実施の形態と同一の構成要素については、同一符号を付してその説明は省略する。
Icomp=(V-Vh)/Ron
図15は、上記実施の形態に係る本開示の変形例としての選択素子40の断面構成を表したものである。この選択素子40は、上記変形例1と同様に非線形抵抗素子40Yとして接合型電界効果トランジスタを用いているが、ゲート電極(ゲート電極453)がBLおよびWLとは異なる電位を印加される点が上記変形例とは異なる。図16は、本変形例の選択素子40を用いたメモリセルの断面構成を表したものであり、ここでは、非線形抵抗素子40Yとして用いた接合型電界効果トランジスタの具体的な構成を模式的に表している。なお、上記実施の形態と同一の構成要素については、同一符号を付してその説明は省略する。
以下、本開示の具体的な実施例について説明する。
まず、TiNよりなる下部電極11を逆スパッタによってクリーニングしたのち、TiN上にスイッチ層14としてBCTeN膜を20nmの膜厚で形成したのち、中間電極13として、Wを1nmの膜厚で形成した。続いて、非線形抵抗層15として、W膜上にB4C膜を10nmの膜厚で形成したのち、さらにWを30nmの膜厚で形成して上部電極12とした。続いて、素子サイズが100nmφとなるように、例えばフォトリソグラフィやドライエッチング等の公知の技術を用いて微細加工を行い、選択素子10A(実験例1-1)を作製した。また、比較例として、非線形抵抗層15を設けていない選択素子(スイッチ素子10Xのみ;実験例1-2)および非線形抵抗素子10Y(非線形抵抗層15)として、TiO2膜を形成した選択素子(実験例1-3)を作製した。実験例1-1~1-3の各層の組成については、「下部電極/スイッチ層/中間電極/非線形抵抗層/上部電極」の順に以下に示す。これら実験例1-1~1-3に対して、3種類の直列抵抗(5kΩ;A、18.5kΩ;B、37kΩ;C)を接続し、駆動電流1mA、200μA、100μAにおける印加電圧に対する電流変化(抵抗変化)を測定した。
(実験例1-1)TiN/BCTeN/W/B4C/W
(実験例1-2)TiN/BCTeN/―/―/W
(実験例1-3)TiN/BCTeN/W/TiO2/W
次に、非線形抵抗素子として定電流ダイオードを非線形抵抗層35として形成し、この非線形抵抗層35以外は、上記実験1と同様の構成を有する選択素子30(実験例2-1)を作製した。また、比較例として、非線形抵抗層を設けない以外は、選択素子30と同様お構成を有する選択素子(実験例2-2)を作製した。これら選択素子をそれぞれ30個ずつ作製し、その電流電圧特性を測定した。
(1)第1電極および前記第1電極に対向配置された第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に設けられたスイッチ素子と、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含むと共に、前記スイッチ素子と直列に接続された非線形抵抗素子とを備えた選択素子。
(2)前記非線形抵抗素子は、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含む合金あるいは化合物を含む非線形抵抗層を有する、前記(1)に記載の選択素子。
(3)前記非線形抵抗素子は、ホウ素(B)あるいはケイ素(Si)の酸化物、窒化物あるいは酸窒化物を含む非線形抵抗層を有する、前記(1)または(2)に記載の選択素子。
(4)前記非線形抵抗素子は、1MV/cm以上の耐電圧を有し、前記非線形抵抗素子に印加される電圧が2V以下で10MA/cm2以上の電流密度の電流を流す、前記(1)乃至(3)のずれか1つに記載の選択素子。
(5)前記スイッチ素子は、印加電圧を所定の閾値電圧以上とすることにより低抵抗状態に、該閾値電圧以下に減少あるいは除去することにより高抵抗状態に変化するスイッチ層を有する、前記(1)乃至(4)のずれか1つに記載の選択素子。
(6)前記スイッチ層は、テルル(Te)と、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)、炭素(C)および窒素(N)のうちの少なくとも1種とを含む、前記(5)に記載の選択素子。
(7)前記非線形抵抗素子は、定電流ダイオードである、前記(1)乃至(6)のずれか1つに記載の選択素子。
(8)前記定電流ダイオードは、接合型電界効果トランジスタである、前記(7)に記載の選択素子。
(9)前記非線形抵抗素子および前記スイッチ素子は、第3電極を介して積層されている、前記(1)乃至(8)のいずれか1つに記載の選択素子。
(10)前記第3電極は、タングステン(W)からなる、前記(9)に記載の選択素子。(11)メモリ素子および前記メモリ素子に接続された選択素子を備え、前記選択素子は、第1電極および前記第1電極に対向配置された第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に設けられたスイッチ素子と、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含むと共に、前記スイッチ素子と直列に接続された非線形抵抗素子とを有するメモリセル。
(12)前記メモリ素子は、前記選択素子の前記第1電極および前記第2電極の間に記憶層を有する、前記(11)に記載のメモリセル。
(13)前記記憶層はテルル(Te)と、アルミニウム(Al),銅(Cu),ジルコニウム(Zr),窒素(N)および酸素(O)のうちの少なくとも1種とを含むイオン源層と、酸化物材料からなる抵抗変化層とを含む、前記(12)に記載のメモリセル。
(14)前記記憶層と、前記スイッチ素子あるいは前記選択素子は前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に第4電極を介して積層されている、前記(12)または(13)に記載のメモリセル。
(15)前記記憶層は、遷移金属酸化物からなる抵抗変化層、相変化型メモリ層、磁気抵抗変化型メモリ層のいずれかである、前記(12)乃至(14)のいずれか1つに記載のメモリセル。
(16)メモリ素子および前記メモリ素子に接続された選択素子を含むメモリセルを複数備え、前記選択素子は、第1電極および前記第1電極に対向配置された第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に設けられたスイッチ素子と、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含むと共に、前記スイッチ素子と直列に接続された非線形抵抗素子とを有する記憶装置。
(17)複数の行ラインおよび複数の列ラインを有し、前記複数の行ラインと複数の列ラインとの各交差領域付近に前記メモリセルが配置されている、前記(16)に記載の記憶装置。
Claims (17)
- 第1電極および前記第1電極に対向配置された第2電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に設けられたスイッチ素子と、
ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含むと共に、前記スイッチ素子と直列に接続された非線形抵抗素子と
を備えた選択素子。 - 前記非線形抵抗素子は、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含む合金あるいは化合物を含む非線形抵抗層を有する、請求項1に記載の選択素子。
- 前記非線形抵抗素子は、ホウ素(B)あるいはケイ素(Si)の酸化物、窒化物あるいは酸窒化物を含む非線形抵抗層を有する、請求項1に記載の選択素子。
- 前記非線形抵抗素子は、1MV/cm以上の耐電圧を有し、前記非線形抵抗素子に印加される電圧が2V以下で10MA/cm2以上の電流密度の電流を流す、請求項1に記載の選択素子。
- 前記スイッチ素子は、印加電圧を所定の閾値電圧以上とすることにより低抵抗状態に、該閾値電圧以下に減少あるいは除去することにより高抵抗状態に変化するスイッチ層を有する、請求項1に記載の選択素子。
- 前記スイッチ層は、テルル(Te)と、ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)、炭素(C)および窒素(N)のうちの少なくとも1種とを含む、請求項5に記載の選択素子。
- 前記非線形抵抗素子は、定電流ダイオードである、請求項1に記載の選択素子。
- 前記定電流ダイオードは、接合型電界効果トランジスタである、請求項7に記載の選択素子。
- 前記非線形抵抗素子および前記スイッチ素子は、第3電極を介して積層されている、請求項1に記載の選択素子。
- 前記第3電極は、タングステン(W)からなる、請求項9に記載の選択素子。
- メモリ素子および前記メモリ素子に接続された選択素子を備え、
前記選択素子は、
第1電極および前記第1電極に対向配置された第2電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に設けられたスイッチ素子と、
ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含むと共に、前記スイッチ素子と直列に接続された非線形抵抗素子と
を有するメモリセル。 - 前記メモリ素子は、前記選択素子の前記第1電極および前記第2電極の間に記憶層を有する、請求項11に記載のメモリセル。
- 前記記憶層はテルル(Te)と、アルミニウム(Al),銅(Cu),ジルコニウム(Zr),窒素(N)および酸素(O)のうちの少なくとも1種とを含むイオン源層と、酸化物材料からなる抵抗変化層とを含む、請求項12に記載のメモリセル。
- 前記記憶層と、前記スイッチ素子あるいは前記選択素子は前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に第4電極を介して積層されている、請求項12に記載のメモリセル。
- 前記記憶層は、遷移金属酸化物からなる抵抗変化層、相変化型メモリ層、磁気抵抗変化型メモリ層のいずれかである、請求項12に記載のメモリセル。
- メモリ素子および前記メモリ素子に接続された選択素子を含むメモリセルを複数備え、
前記選択素子は、
第1電極および前記第1電極に対向配置された第2電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に設けられたスイッチ素子と、
ホウ素(B)、ケイ素(Si)および炭素(C)のうちの少なくとも1種を含むと共に、前記スイッチ素子と直列に接続された非線形抵抗素子と
を有する記憶装置。 - 複数の行ラインおよび複数の列ラインを有し、前記複数の行ラインと複数の列ラインとの各交差領域付近に前記メモリセルが配置されている、請求項16に記載の記憶装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6750507B2 (ja) | 2020-09-02 |
JPWO2016129306A1 (ja) | 2017-11-16 |
US20180019391A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
US10971685B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
CN107210302B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
CN107210302A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
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