WO2016189714A1 - 温度制御回路、送信器および温度制御方法 - Google Patents
温度制御回路、送信器および温度制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016189714A1 WO2016189714A1 PCT/JP2015/065313 JP2015065313W WO2016189714A1 WO 2016189714 A1 WO2016189714 A1 WO 2016189714A1 JP 2015065313 W JP2015065313 W JP 2015065313W WO 2016189714 A1 WO2016189714 A1 WO 2016189714A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/0607—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying physical parameters other than the potential of the electrodes, e.g. by an electric or magnetic field, mechanical deformation, pressure, light, temperature
- H01S5/0612—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying physical parameters other than the potential of the electrodes, e.g. by an electric or magnetic field, mechanical deformation, pressure, light, temperature controlled by temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/024—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S5/02453—Heating, e.g. the laser is heated for stabilisation against temperature fluctuations of the environment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/024—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S5/02407—Active cooling, e.g. the laser temperature is controlled by a thermo-electric cooler or water cooling
- H01S5/02415—Active cooling, e.g. the laser temperature is controlled by a thermo-electric cooler or water cooling by using a thermo-electric cooler [TEC], e.g. Peltier element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
- H01S5/06808—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the electrical laser parameters, e.g. voltage or current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a temperature control circuit, a transmitter, and a temperature control method for controlling the temperature of a laser diode.
- Wavelength multiplexing Wavelength Division Multiplex: WDM
- time wavelength division multiplexing Time Wavelength Division Multiplex
- TWDM time wavelength division multiplexing
- an LD shutdown function that turns off the optical output of an LD, that is, a light emission stop function, is used to perform an LD shutdown operation based on a command from the system when a failure occurs on the transmission path. For this reason, in optical communication, a rapid fluctuation of the LD current is likely to occur.
- TWDM-PON Passive Optical Network
- LD shutdown operation is frequently performed in order to drive the transmitter in a burst manner, that is, intermittently.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method for controlling the temperature of the LD when the LD is shut down.
- the target temperature is lowered by a certain amount to control the temperature of the LD, thereby suppressing the deviation of the oscillation wavelength of the LD at the time of LD shutdown. For this reason, if the LD shutdown for a short period is instructed continuously, the target temperature of the LD temperature control is rapidly changed, which may cause a wavelength variation.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a temperature control circuit, a transmitter, and a temperature control method capable of reducing a deviation in the oscillation wavelength of an LD due to an LD shutdown operation.
- the temperature control circuit of the present invention includes a temperature detector that detects the temperature of the laser diode, and the temperature of the laser diode by performing heat absorption and exhaustion according to the amount of current flowing. And a thermoelectric element for controlling.
- the temperature control circuit includes a current calculation unit that calculates the amount of current that flows through the thermoelectric element based on the temperature of the laser diode detected by the temperature detector and the target temperature, and the current amount calculated by the current calculation unit. And a current control unit that controls a current flowing through the thermoelectric element.
- the temperature control circuit uses the first target temperature as the target temperature during a period in which the laser diode emission stop state is released based on the emission stop signal indicating whether or not the laser diode is in the emission stop state.
- the target temperature is set between the first target temperature and the second target temperature lower than the first target temperature until a predetermined time elapses from the start of the light emission stop state of the laser diode.
- a target temperature is set so as to monotonously decrease, and a target temperature calculation unit that sets the second target temperature as the target temperature when the elapsed time from the start of the light emission stop state of the laser diode reaches a certain time or longer, Prepare.
- the temperature control circuit according to the present invention has an effect that the oscillation wavelength shift of the LD due to the LD shutdown operation can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an optical transmitter according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control circuit according to the first embodiment.
- 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure in the current calculation circuit according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the table which shows a response
- variation of the LD shutdown signal and optical oscillation wavelength at the time of performing constant temperature control The figure which shows an example of the relationship between LD shutdown length and the amount of wavelength fluctuations of the optical oscillation wavelength of LD
- the figure which shows an example of the target temperature which a target temperature calculation circuit calculates during LD shutdown of Embodiment 1 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a target temperature calculation procedure in the target temperature calculation circuit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a target temperature calculation procedure in the target temperature calculation circuit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a target temperature calculation procedure in the target temperature calculation circuit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a configuration example of the optical transmitter according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical transmitter 100 according to the present embodiment is a light emitting element that outputs an optical signal, an LD (Laser Diode) 2, an LD driver 3 for driving the LD 2, and temperature control for controlling the temperature of the LD 2.
- the circuit 1 is provided.
- the temperature control circuit 1 includes a TEC (ThermoElectric Coolers) 4, a temperature detector 5, a current calculation circuit 6, a current control circuit 7, and a target temperature calculation circuit 8.
- the TEC 4 is a thermoelectric element that changes the temperature of the LD 2 by performing heat absorption / exhaustion by current control.
- the temperature detector 5 is a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the LD 2.
- the temperature detector 5 for example, a thermocouple, a side temperature resistor, a thermistor, an IC (Integrated Circuit) temperature sensor, or the like can be used.
- the current calculation circuit 6 is a current calculation unit that calculates the amount and direction of the current flowing through the TEC 4 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 5 and the target temperature.
- the current control circuit 7 that is a current control unit is an electronic circuit that flows to the TEC 4 based on the current amount and direction calculated by the current calculation unit 6.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 is a target temperature calculation unit that calculates a target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 based on an LD shutdown signal that is a light emission stop signal.
- the LD shutdown signal is a signal input from the outside of the optical transmitter 100, and is a signal for instructing whether or not the optical output of the LD 2 is in a shutdown state, that is, a light emission stop state.
- TEC4 will be described as an example, but any element that performs thermoelectric conversion may be used.
- the current calculation circuit 6 and the target temperature calculation circuit 8 may each be configured as an electronic circuit, one or more of which may be an MCU (Micro Controller Unit), multiple It may be mounted as a control circuit such as a functional IC.
- MCU Micro Controller Unit
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control circuit 200.
- the control circuit 200 includes an input unit 201 that is a reception unit that receives data input from the outside, a processor 202, a memory 203, and an output unit 204 that is a transmission unit that transmits data to the outside.
- the input unit 201 is an interface circuit that receives data input from the outside of the control circuit 200 and applies the data to the processor 202
- the output unit 204 is an interface that transmits data from the processor 202 or the memory 203 to the outside of the control circuit 200. Circuit.
- each circuit realized by the control circuit 200 is a program corresponding to each of the processors 202 stored in the memory 203. This is realized by reading and executing.
- the memory 203 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 202.
- the temperature detector 5 detects the temperature of the LD 2.
- the current calculation circuit 6 uses the temperature of the LD 2 detected by the temperature detector 5 and uses the temperature of the LD 2 to bring the temperature of the LD 2 close to the target temperature set by the target temperature calculation circuit 8. Is calculated. For example, the current calculation circuit 6 obtains the amount of current and the direction necessary for canceling the temperature difference between the target temperature and the temperature of the LD 2 based on the correspondence between the temperature change amount and the amount of current held.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure in the current calculation circuit 6 of the present embodiment.
- the current calculation circuit 6 calculates a difference ⁇ K diff between the detected temperature, that is, the temperature of the LD 2 detected by the temperature detector 5 and the target temperature (step S101).
- the current calculation circuit 6 determines whether ⁇ K diff is greater than 0 (step S102).
- the current calculation circuit 6 determines the current direction as the cooling direction, that is, the current direction in which the TEC 4 performs the cooling, and holds the temperature change amount and the current amount.
- the current calculation circuit 6 holds the correspondence between the temperature change amount and the current amount as, for example, a table in an internal or external memory.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a table indicating the correspondence between the temperature change amount and the current amount.
- the correspondence between the temperature change amount and the current amount may be held by a calculation formula instead of being held by the table. That is, the correspondence between the temperature change amount and the current amount may be maintained by setting the current amount in advance as a function of the temperature change amount and setting this function in the current calculation circuit 6.
- TEC4 the direction of the current to be applied when cooling is opposite to the direction of the current to be applied when heating is performed. Therefore, the current calculation circuit 6 determines the direction of the current applied to the TEC 4 depending on whether cooling is required or heating is required.
- the current calculation circuit 6 inputs the determined current direction and the calculated current amount to the current control circuit 7 (step S104), and ends the process. If ⁇ K diff is 0 or less in Step S102 (No in Step S102), the current calculation circuit 6 determines and holds the current direction as the heating direction, that is, the current direction in which the TEC 4 performs the heating. temperature change amount and the current amount corresponding to the amount of temperature change [Delta] K diff based on the correspondence between the amount of current are, that is, the temperature variation is calculated current amount corresponding to the case where [Delta] K diff (step S105), step S104 Proceed to Note that the holding method for the correspondence between the temperature change amount and the current amount is the same as in step S102.
- the same table or calculation formula may be used for heating and cooling, and separate tables or calculation formulas may be used for heating and cooling.
- the current control circuit 7 supplies a current to the TEC 4 based on the current amount and direction calculated by the current calculation circuit 6.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 sets a target temperature in the current calculation circuit 6 based on the LD shutdown signal. Based on the LD shutdown signal, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 sets the target temperature for the LD shutdown release to the current calculation circuit 6 while the LD shutdown is released, and while the LD shutdown is instructed, A target temperature at the time of LD shutdown, which will be described later, is calculated, and the calculated target temperature is set in the current calculation circuit 6.
- the target temperature for releasing the LD shutdown may be set in any way as long as it is a temperature that allows the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 to fall within a desired wavelength range.
- the relationship between the LD shutdown signal and the wavelength of the optical signal output from the LD 2, that is, the optical oscillation wavelength will be described.
- the temperature of LD2 is controlled to a fixed target temperature.
- the drive current of the LD2 decreases, so that the amount of heat generated by the LD2 decreases and the temperature of the LD2 decreases.
- the electric current which flows into TEC4 in order to recover said fall temperature to target temperature increases.
- the temperature of LD2 rises temporarily and the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 changes with the temperature rise of LD2.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the LD shutdown signal and the fluctuation of the optical oscillation wavelength when the constant temperature control is performed.
- FIG. 5 shows how the LD shutdown signal and the optical oscillation wavelength fluctuate in the case where constant temperature control, that is, control with the same target temperature during LD shutdown and LD shutdown is performed.
- the upper part of FIG. 5 shows the LD shutdown signal
- the lower part of FIG. 5 shows the wavelength of the optical signal output from LD2, that is, the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2.
- the LD shutdown signal is a signal input from the outside of the optical transmitter 100.
- the LD shutdown signal is instructed, that is, while the LD2 emission stop is instructed,
- the LD shutdown signal has a high value.
- the LD shutdown signal is instructed, that is, while the LD2 is allowed to emit light
- the LD shutdown signal has a low value.
- the correspondence between the value of the signal shown in FIG. 5 and whether or not LD shutdown is instructed or released is an example, and whether or not LD shutdown is instructed or released, that is, whether or not LD shutdown is significant.
- the specific signal value indicating this is not limited to the example of FIG.
- the LD shutdown signal may be instructed when the LD shutdown signal is Low, and the LD shutdown may be canceled when the signal is High.
- description will be made on the assumption that LD shutdown is instructed when the LD shutdown signal is High, and cancellation of LD shutdown is instructed when the signal is Low.
- FIG. 5 shows fluctuations in the optical wavelength output from the LD 2 in two types of cases where the time from the start of LD shutdown to the end of LD shutdown is different.
- the time of LD shutdown start in both the first case and the second case is T 1 .
- the time of LD shutdown completion is T 2
- the time of LD shutdown completion is T 3.
- the period from T 1 to T 2 is shorter than the period from T 1 to T 3 . That is, in the second case, the duration of LD shutdown is longer than that in the first case.
- the light oscillation wavelength 300 in the lower part of FIG. 5 indicates the light oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 before the start of LD shutdown.
- the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 is stably controlled before the LD shutdown starts, and the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 before the LD shutdown startup is the same in the first case and the second case.
- the light oscillation wavelength 301 in the lower part of FIG. 5 indicates the light oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 after completion of the LD shutdown corresponding to the first case.
- the light oscillation wavelength 302 in the lower part of FIG. 5 indicates the light oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 after the LD shutdown, corresponding to the second case. As shown in FIG.
- the wavelength variation from the optical oscillation wavelength before the start of LD shutdown is larger than the wavelength variation in the first case.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the LD shutdown length and the wavelength variation of the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2.
- the LD shutdown length that is, the duration of the LD shutdown and the wavelength fluctuation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 when the constant temperature control is performed are shown.
- the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 decreases after changing from the end of LD shutdown to the increasing side. 6 shows the maximum fluctuation amount, that is, the amount corresponding to the peak of the peaks indicated by the light oscillation wavelengths 301 and 302 in FIG. 5, as the fluctuation amount of the optical wavelength of the LD.
- the vertical axis shows the wavelength fluctuation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2, that is, the deviation amount from the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 before the LD shutdown starts.
- the wavelength fluctuation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD2 increases as the LD shutdown length increases.
- the increase rate of the wavelength fluctuation amount decreases and converges to a constant value when the LD shutdown length is increased to a certain extent.
- This constant value is set as the maximum value ⁇ max of the wavelength fluctuation amount. That is, ⁇ max is a value at which the variation amount of the wavelength variation of the optical oscillation wavelength with respect to the LD shutdown length is less than the threshold value.
- This threshold value is a value for determining convergence, and may be a value smaller than the design value that the designer determines to converge.
- the amount of change in wavelength variation is defined by the ratio of the amount of change in wavelength variation per unit time to the amount of wavelength variation before the change in absolute value, that is, the wavelength variation at time t ref is r ref.
- the wavelength fluctuation amount after unit time t unit from the time t ref is r ref ′
- the change amount of the wavelength fluctuation amount is defined as
- the above threshold is 0.
- the threshold value definition method and the specific value of the threshold value are not limited to this example.
- an allowable amount of wavelength variation in the optical transmitter 100 may be determined. In this case, an allowable wavelength variation, that is, an allowable variation is ⁇ a .
- the LD driver 3 supplies the LD drive current while the LD 2 is emitting light, but when the LD shutdown is instructed, the LD drive current is decreased to stop the light emission of the LD 2. As a result, the temperature of LD2 decreases after the start of LD shutdown. On the other hand, since the LD drive current during LD shutdown remains low and does not change, the temperature of LD2 approaches a steady state as time elapses from the start of LD shutdown, and the temperature change becomes gentle. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6, when the LD shutdown length becomes longer than a certain level, the amount of change in LD2 with respect to the LD shutdown length of the wavelength variation decreases, and the wavelength variation approaches a constant value.
- T span a predetermined time
- first This is the LD shutdown length corresponding to the second wavelength variation that is a value obtained by subtracting the allowable variation from the wavelength variation.
- the first wavelength variation is calculated using the relationship between the LD shutdown length, which is the duration of LD shutdown, and the wavelength variation of the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the light emission wavelength of the LD 2 when the LD shutdown length is T span during the constant temperature control.
- the upper part of FIG. 7 shows the LD shutdown signal, and the lower part shows the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2.
- the wavelength fluctuation amount at the end of the LD shutdown is ⁇ as shown in FIG.
- the LD shutdown is started using the above-described relationship between the LD shutdown length and the wavelength variation of the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD2, and the relationship between the temperature of the LD2 and the wavelength variation of the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD2.
- the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 is lowered linearly until the elapsed time from T reaches span .
- a method for calculating the target temperature after the start of LD shutdown in the target temperature calculation circuit 8 of the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the temperature of the LD 2 and the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2.
- the relationship between the temperature of LD2 and the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 is described as linear, but the relationship between the temperature of LD2 and the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 may not be linear.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 holds the relationship between the temperature of the LD 2 and the light oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 as a temperature wavelength characteristic using a table or an approximate expression.
- the temperature change amount corresponding to ⁇ has only to be obtained. Therefore, when ⁇ is fixed, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 is only the temperature change amount corresponding to ⁇ . May be held.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 calculates ⁇ K, which is a temperature change amount that lowers the target temperature during LD shutdown, based on ⁇ and the temperature wavelength characteristic. ⁇ K is an absolute value of the temperature change amount. Specifically, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 calculates the temperature change amount corresponding to ⁇ using the temperature wavelength characteristic and sets it as ⁇ K. ⁇ is ⁇ max ⁇ a as described above. The target temperature calculation circuit 8 uses the calculated ⁇ K to decrease the temperature with a slope of ⁇ K / T span from the start of LD shutdown until the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown reaches T span. The target temperature is set to a constant value during a period when T span or more has elapsed from the start of the shutdown. As described in FIG.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 calculates a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by subtracting the second target temperature from the first target temperature by T span until the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown has passed T span.
- the target temperature is decreased linearly as the slope.
- ⁇ K is calculated from ⁇ .
- ⁇ K can be used as a fixed value after ⁇ K is calculated once based on ⁇ .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the target temperature calculated by the target temperature calculation circuit 8 during the LD shutdown.
- the upper part of FIG. 9 shows the LD shutdown signal, and the lower part of FIG. 9 shows the target temperature calculated by the target temperature calculation circuit 8.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 lowers the target temperature with a slope of ⁇ K / T span from the start of LD shutdown until the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown reaches T span .
- the target temperature for starting LD shutdown that is, the target temperature for releasing LD shutdown
- t the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown
- the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown becomes T span
- first target temperature ⁇ ( ⁇ K / T span ) ⁇ t the target temperature in the meantime.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which the duration of the LD shutdown is longer than T span .
- the duration of the LD shutdown is shorter than T span .
- the target temperature is changed to the target temperature for releasing LD shutdown.
- the first target temperature and the second target temperature described above are such that the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 corresponding to the first target temperature and the optical oscillation wavelength corresponding to the second target temperature are both optical transmitters. Desirably, it is determined to fall within the desired wavelength range at 100. Specifically, first, an approximate value of ⁇ K can be obtained from the characteristics shown in FIG. Then, the fluctuation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 corresponding to ⁇ K can be obtained from the characteristics shown in FIG. Therefore, for example, the temperature corresponding to the wavelength above the lower limit of the desired wavelength range is set as the second target temperature. A value obtained by adding ⁇ K to the second target temperature is set as the first target temperature.
- the wavelength corresponding to the first target temperature determined in this way is within a desired wavelength range.
- the second target temperature is lowered within a range above the temperature corresponding to the wavelength above the lower limit of the desired wavelength range.
- the first and second optical oscillation wavelengths of the LD 2 corresponding to the first target temperature and the second target temperature are within the desired wavelength range in the optical transmitter 100.
- a second target temperature are determined.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a target temperature calculation procedure in the target temperature calculation circuit 8 of the present embodiment. Note that at the start of the flowchart of FIG. 10, it is assumed that the LD shutdown signal is a value indicating LD shutdown cancellation, that is, Low, and the target temperature for LD shutdown cancellation is set in the current calculation circuit 6.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 determines whether or not the LD shutdown signal has changed from a random value, that is, Low to a significant value, that is, High (step S1). When the LD shutdown signal changes from an unexpected value to a significant value (step S1 Yes), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 calculates ⁇ K based on ⁇ and the temperature wavelength characteristic (step S2).
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 determines whether or not the LD shutdown signal has changed from a significant value to a random value (step S3). If the LD shutdown signal has not changed from a significant value to an insignificant value (No in step S3), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 has passed T span from the time when the LD shutdown signal has changed from an insignificant value to a significant value. Whether or not (step S4).
- step S4 No If LD shutdown signal has not T span elapsed from the time of change significantly in value from the value of the insignificant (step S4 No), - ⁇ K / T span slope changing the target temperature, i.e. the slope of [Delta] K / T span
- the target temperature is calculated so as to decrease the target temperature, and the calculated target temperature is output to the current calculation circuit 6 (step S5). Thereby, the target temperature is set in the current calculation circuit 6. Thereafter, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 returns to step S3.
- step S6 If the LD shutdown signal has not changed from an unexpected value to a significant value in step S1 (No in step S1), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 outputs the target temperature for LD shutdown release to the current calculation circuit 6 ( Step S6) and return to Step S1. If it is determined in step S3 that the LD shutdown signal has changed from a significant value to an unexpected value (Yes in step S3), the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined in step S4 that T span has elapsed since the LD shutdown signal has changed from an unexpected value to a significant value (Yes in step S4), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 sets the target temperature to be constant. Is calculated, the calculated target temperature is output to the current calculation circuit 6 (step S7), and the process returns to step S3. In step S7, specifically, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 sets the target temperature to “first target temperature ⁇ K” as described above.
- the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 when the duration of LD shutdown is long, as shown in FIG. 11, the optical oscillation wavelength of LD2 can be kept within a desired wavelength range, and the duration time is reduced. Even when short LD shutdown is frequently performed, as shown in FIG. 12, the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 can be kept within a desired wavelength range.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of fluctuations in the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 of the present embodiment when the LD shutdown duration is long.
- the LD shutdown signal is shown in the first stage
- the LD temperature that is, the temperature of the LD 2 and the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 are shown in the second stage
- the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 is shown in the third stage.
- the fourth row shows the amount of TEC current, that is, the amount of current flowing through TEC4.
- the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 is gradually decreased from the start of the LD shutdown, so that a rapid change in the current flowing through the TEC 4 before and after the LD shutdown starts. There is no.
- FIG. 11 shows the example of FIG.
- first target temperature and the second target temperature that is, “first target temperature ⁇ K” are both determined to fall within a desired wavelength range in the optical transmitter 100. Since the LD2 temperature is lower than the LD shutdown start temperature at the end of the LD shutdown, even if the target temperature is changed at the end of the LD shutdown and the LD2 temperature rises, the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD2 In the desired wavelength range.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of fluctuations in the light oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 of the present embodiment when LD shutdown with a short duration is frequently performed.
- the LD shutdown signal is shown in the first stage
- the LD temperature that is, the temperature of the LD2 and the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6
- the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD2 is shown in the third stage.
- the fourth row shows the amount of TEC current, that is, the amount of current flowing through TEC4.
- the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 is gradually decreased from the start of LD shutdown, and the target temperature is restored as soon as LD shutdown is released.
- the optical oscillation wavelength can be stably kept in a desired wavelength range without causing a large current to flow through the TEC 4.
- the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 is linearly decreased until the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown reaches T span, and the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown.
- T span control is performed to keep the target temperature constant. For this reason, even when LD shutdown with a short duration is performed frequently, fluctuations in the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 can be suppressed.
- Embodiment 2 the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 is linearly lowered until the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown reaches T span , but as shown in FIG. Is actually nonlinear. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the relationship between the shutdown signal and the light oscillation wavelength by the measurement or design shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the optical transmitter 100 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the optical transmitter 100 of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the change in the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 between the LD shutdown length from 0 to T span changes nonlinearly. Therefore, in the present embodiment, LD shutdown length shown in FIG. 6 and a plurality of points of measurement points or calculated points of the LD shutdown length of the relationship between the variation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength region of from 0 to T span of LD2 Thus, the plurality of points are approximated in advance by a nonlinear approximation formula, for example, a polynomial approximation formula of second or higher order.
- a nonlinear approximate expression that is a function of the elapsed time t from the time when the LD shutdown signal changes to a significant value is defined for the fluctuation amount ⁇ ′ of the optical oscillation wavelength.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 holds this nonlinear approximate expression.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a target temperature calculation procedure in the target temperature calculation circuit 8 of the present embodiment.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 determines whether or not the LD shutdown signal has changed from an unexpected value to a significant value (step S1). When the LD shutdown signal changes from an insignificant value to a significant value (step S1 Yes), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 determines whether or not the LD shutdown signal has changed from a significant value to an involuntary value (step S1). S3). If the LD shutdown signal has not changed from a significant value to an insignificant value (No in step S3), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 has passed T span from the time when the LD shutdown signal has changed from an insignificant value to a significant value. Whether or not (step S4).
- step S4 When T span has not elapsed since the time when the LD shutdown signal has changed from an unexpected value to a significant value (No in step S4), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 has passed since the time when the LD shutdown signal has changed to a significant value. Based on the time t and the nonlinear approximation formula, ⁇ ′ is obtained (step S21). Then, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 obtains ⁇ K ′ corresponding to ⁇ ′ based on ⁇ ′ and the temperature wavelength characteristic, and uses the value obtained by subtracting ⁇ K ′ from the target temperature for releasing LD shutdown as the target temperature. 6 (step S22), and returns to step S3.
- step S6 If it is determined in step S3 that the LD shutdown signal has changed from a significant value to an unexpected value (Yes in step S3), the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined in step S4 that T span has elapsed since the LD shutdown signal has changed from an unexpected value to a significant value (Yes in step S4), the target temperature calculation circuit 8 sets the target temperature to be constant. Is calculated, the calculated target temperature is output to the current calculation circuit 6 (step S7), and the process returns to step S3.
- the target temperature set in step S7 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the target temperature calculation circuit 8 holds an approximate expression that approximates the relationship between the LD shutdown length and the wavelength fluctuation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength of the LD 2 by nonlinear approximation, and from the start of LD shutdown. Until T span elapses, the wavelength variation is calculated based on the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown and the approximate expression, the temperature variation corresponding to the calculated wavelength variation is calculated, and set in the current calculation circuit 6 The target temperature to be calculated is calculated as a value obtained by subtracting the temperature change amount from the first target temperature.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 calculated by the target temperature calculation process of the present embodiment.
- the upper part of FIG. 14 shows the LD shutdown signal
- the lower part of FIG. 14 shows the target temperature 305 set in the current calculation circuit 6.
- the target temperature has changed linearly after the start of LD shutdown, whereas in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, it changes nonlinearly after the start of LD shutdown.
- the amount of decrease in the target temperature corresponding to the fluctuation amount of the optical oscillation wavelength after the start of the shutdown can be accurately obtained from the first embodiment, and the fluctuation of the light transmission wavelength when the shutdown duration is short is reduced.
- the operations of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the target temperature set linearly in the current calculation circuit 6 is decreased until the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown reaches T span, and in the present embodiment, the current calculation circuit 6 is nonlinearly changed.
- the current calculation circuit is configured to monotonously decrease from the first target temperature to the second target temperature until the elapsed time from the start of the LD shutdown reaches T span regardless of whether it is linear or non-linear.
- the target temperature set to 6 may be determined. That is, the target temperature calculation circuit 8 according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment sets the first target temperature as the target temperature during the period when the LD shutdown is released, and a certain time from the start of the LD shutdown. Until the time elapses, the target temperature is set so that the target temperature monotonously decreases from the first target temperature to the second target temperature lower than the first target temperature. When the time exceeds a certain time, the second target temperature is set as the target temperature.
- the target temperature set in the current calculation circuit 6 is gradually reduced nonlinearly, and control is performed to keep the target temperature constant when the elapsed time from the start of LD shutdown becomes T span or more. For this reason, the fluctuation
- FIG. 15 is a diagram of a configuration example of the optical communication system according to the third embodiment.
- the optical communication system shown in FIG. 15 includes an OLT (Optical Line Terminal) 20 that is a master station device and ONUs (Optical Network Units) 10-1 to 10-3 that are slave station devices. Although three ONUs are illustrated in FIG. 15, the number of ONUs is not limited to this. In the present embodiment, an example in which the optical transmitter 100 described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment is mounted on the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 will be described.
- the OLT 20 and the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 are connected via an optical star coupler 40 via an optical fiber 30 that is an optical communication path.
- the optical star coupler 40 branches the trunk optical fiber 30 connected to the OLT 20 into the number of ONUs 10-1 to 10-3.
- the ONU 10-1 includes, for example, a PON control unit 11 that is a control circuit that performs processing on the ONU side based on the PON protocol, and an upstream buffer 12 that is a buffer memory for storing transmission data to the OLT 20, that is, upstream data.
- a down buffer 13 serving as a buffer memory for storing data received from the OLT 20, that is, down data, and an optical transmitter / receiver 14.
- a WDM coupler may be further provided.
- the ONUs 10-2 and 10-3 have the same configuration as the ONU 10-1. Thereafter, when individually specifying ONUs, they are described with branch numbers as ONU 10-1, and ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 are generally used without distinguishing between ONUs 10-1 to 10-3. Is indicated as ONU.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 14 includes an optical transmitter 141 that converts an electrical signal to be transmitted to the OLT 20 into an optical signal, and an optical receiver 142 that converts the optical signal received from the OLT 20 into an electrical signal.
- the optical transmitter is abbreviated as Tx
- the optical receiver is abbreviated as Rx.
- the optical transmitter 141 is the optical transmitter 100 described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- the OLT 20 includes a PON control unit 21 that is a control circuit that performs processing on the OLT side based on the PON protocol, an upstream buffer 22 that is a buffer for storing upstream data received from the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3, A downlink buffer 23 that is a buffer for storing downlink data to be transmitted to the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 received from the upper network, and an optical transmission / reception unit 24 that performs optical signal transmission / reception processing are provided. Further, when performing wavelength multiplexing, a WDM coupler may be further provided.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 24 is an optical transmitter 241 that converts electrical signals to be transmitted to the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 into optical signals, and an optical receiver that converts optical signals received from the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 into electrical signals.
- Device 242 is an optical transmitter 241 that converts electrical signals to be transmitted to the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 into optical signals
- an optical receiver that converts optical signals received from the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3
- the PON protocol is a control protocol used in the MAC (Media Access Control) layer, which is a sub-layer of Layer 2, and is specified by, for example, IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). MPCP (Multi-Point Control Protocol) and OAM (Operation Administration and Maintenance).
- the PON protocol applied to the present invention is not limited to these examples and may be any type.
- the optical transmitter 141 of the ONU optical transceiver 14 is the optical transmitter of the first embodiment or the second embodiment
- the optical transmitter of the present embodiment is mounted.
- the optical communication device to be used is not limited to the ONU illustrated in FIG. 15 as long as it is provided with a control unit that inputs a signal similar to the LD shutdown signal to the optical transmitter according to the present embodiment.
- the laser diode and the temperature control circuit of the first embodiment or the second embodiment may be mounted in addition to the optical communication device.
- the OLT 20 stores the downlink data received from the upper network in the downlink buffer 23.
- the PON control unit 21 reads the downlink data stored in the downlink buffer 23 and transmits it to the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 via the optical transmitter 241.
- the PON control unit 21 performs upstream bandwidth allocation to the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3, power saving control of the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3, and the like.
- the PON control unit 21 generates a control signal such as a signal related to power saving control including notification of the transmission stop period of the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3, a transmission permission signal that communicates an upstream band allocation result, and the like. Transmit to the ONUs 10-1 to 10-3 via the transmitter 241.
- the optical receiver 142 converts the optical signal received from the OLT 20 into an electrical signal and inputs the electrical signal to the PON control unit 11.
- the PON control unit 11 stores the downlink data received from the OLT 20 via the optical transceiver 14 in the downlink buffer 13. Further, the PON control unit 11 performs an operation based on the control signal received from the OLT 20. Further, the PON control unit 11 reads the downlink data from the downlink buffer 13 and transmits the downlink data to a destination terminal or the like of the downlink data.
- the PON control unit 11 In the ONU 10-1, the PON control unit 11 generates an LD shutdown signal based on the signal transmitted from the OLT 20 or based on its own determination, and outputs the LD shutdown signal to the optical transmitter 141. Specifically, for example, the PON control unit 11 generates an LD shutdown signal so that the LD shutdown is performed when an abnormality is detected in the transmission path or when transmission is prohibited by an instruction from the OLT 20. In the example of FIG. 15, the PON control unit 11 generates the LD shutdown signal, but a component that generates the LD shutdown signal may be provided separately from the PON control unit 11.
- the configuration described in the above embodiment shows an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with another known technique, and can be combined with other configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.
- Temperature control circuit 1 Temperature control circuit, 2 LD, 3 LD driver, 4 TEC, 5 Temperature detector, 6 Current calculation circuit, 7 Current control circuit, 8 Target temperature calculation circuit, 10-1 to 10-3 ONU, 11, 21 PON control Unit, 12, 22 upstream buffer, 13, 23 downstream buffer, 14, 24 optical transceiver, 20 OLT, 30 optical fiber, 40 optical star coupler, 100, 141, 241 optical transmitter, 142, 242 optical receiver, 200 Control circuit, 201 input unit, 202 processor, 203 memory, 204 output unit.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる光送信器の構成例を示すブロック図である。本実施の形態の光送信器100は、発光素子であり光信号を出力するLD(Laser Diode:レーザダイオード)2と、LD2を駆動するためのLDドライバ3と、LD2の温度を制御する温度制御回路1とを備える。温度制御回路1は、TEC(ThermoElectric Coolers)4、温度検出器5、電流算出回路6、電流制御回路7および目標温度算出回路8を備える。TEC4は、電流制御により吸排熱を行うことによりLD2の温度を変化させる熱電素子である。温度検出器5は、LD2の温度を検出する温度センサである。温度検出器5としては、例えば、熱電対、側温抵抗体、サーミスタ、IC(Integrated Circuit)温度センサ等を用いることができる。電流算出回路6は、温度検出器5で検出される温度と目標温度とに基づいてTEC4に流す電流量および向きを算出する電流算出部である。電流制御部である電流制御回路7は、電流算出部6で算出された電流量および向きに基づいてTEC4に流す電子回路である。目標温度算出回路8は、発光停止信号であるLDシャットダウン信号に基づいて電流算出回路6に設定する目標温度を算出する目標温度算出部である。LDシャットダウン信号は、光送信器100の外部から入力される信号であり、LD2の光出力をシャットダウン状態すなわち発光停止状態とするか否かを指示する信号である。なお、ここではTEC4を例に説明するが、熱電変換を行う素子であればどのような素子を用いてもよい。
実施の形態1では、LDシャットダウン開始からの経過時間がTspanとなるまでの間は、線形的に電流算出回路6に設定する目標温度を低下させたが、図6に示すように、シャットダウン信号と光発振波長との関係は実際には非線形である。このため、実施の形態2では、図6に示す測定または設計によるシャットダウン信号と光発振波長との関係を非線形近似式により近似する。本実施の形態の光送信器100の構成は、実施の形態1の光送信器100と同様である。以下、実施の形態1と異なる点について説明する。
図15は、実施の形態3にかかる光通信システムの構成例を示す図である。図15に示した光通信システムは、親局装置であるOLT(Optical Line Terminal)20と、子局装置であるONU(Optical Network Unit)10-1~10-3を備える。図15では、ONUを3台図示しているが、ONUの台数はこれに限定されない。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1または実施の形態2で説明した光送信器100がONU10-1~10-3に搭載される例を説明する。
Claims (6)
- レーザダイオードの温度を検出する温度検出器と、
流れる電流量に応じた吸排熱を行うことにより前記レーザダイオードの温度を制御する熱電素子と、
前記温度検出器により検出された前記レーザダイオードの温度と目標温度とに基づいて前記熱電素子に流す電流量を算出する電流算出部と、
前記電流算出部により算出された電流量に基づいて前記熱電素子に流す電流を制御する電流制御部と、
前記レーザダイオードを発光停止状態とするか否かを示す発光停止信号に基づいて前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態が解除されている期間では、第1の目標温度を前記目標温度として設定し、前記発光停止信号が前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始から一定時間が経過するまでの間、前記第1の目標温度から前記第1の目標温度より低い第2の目標温度までの間で前記目標温度が単調減少するように前記目標温度を設定し、前記発光停止信号が前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始からの経過時間が前記一定時間以上となると前記第2の目標温度を前記目標温度として設定する目標温度算出部と、
を備えることを特徴とする温度制御回路。 - 前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の継続時間と前記レーザダイオードの光発振波長の波長変動量との関係を用いて算出される、前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の継続時間に対する前記波長変動量の変化量が閾値未満となる最小の前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の継続時間に対応する波長変動量を、第1の波長変動量とするとき、前記一定時間は、前記第1の波長変動量から許容変量を減じた値である第2の波長変量に対応する前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の継続時間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の温度制御回路。
- 前記目標温度算出部は、前記発光停止信号が前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始から前記一定時間が経過するまでの間、前記第1の目標温度から前記第2の目標温度を減じた値を前記一定時間で除した値を傾きとして前記目標温度を線形に減少させることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の温度制御回路。
- 前記目標温度算出部は、前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の継続時間と前記レーザダイオードの光発振波長の波長変動量との関係を非線形近似により近似した近似式を保持し、前記発光停止信号が前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始から前記一定時間が経過するまでの間、前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始からの経過時間と前記近似式とに基づいて波長変動量を求め、求めた波長変動量に対応する温度変化量を算出し、前記目標温度を前記第1の目標温度から前記温度変化量を減じた値として算出することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の温度制御回路。
- レーザダイオードと、
前記レーサダイオードの温度を制御する請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載の温度制御回路と、
を備えることを特徴とする送信器。 - レーザダイオードの温度を検出する温度検出ステップと、
前記温度検出ステップで検出された前記レーザダイオードの温度と目標温度とに基づいて前記レーザダイオードの温度を変化させるための吸排熱を行う吸排熱ステップと、
前記レーザダイオードを発光停止状態とするか否かを示す発光停止信号に基づいて前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態が解除されている期間では、第1の目標温度を前記目標温度として設定し、前記発光停止信号が前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始から一定時間が経過するまでの間、前記第1の目標温度から前記第1の目標温度より低い第2の目標温度までの間で前記目標温度が単調減少するように前記目標温度を設定し、前記発光停止信号が前記レーザダイオードの発光停止状態の開始からの経過時間が一定時間を経過すると前記第2の目標温度を前記目標温度として設定する目標温度算出ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする温度制御方法。
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