WO2016042700A1 - 内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016042700A1 WO2016042700A1 PCT/JP2015/003959 JP2015003959W WO2016042700A1 WO 2016042700 A1 WO2016042700 A1 WO 2016042700A1 JP 2015003959 W JP2015003959 W JP 2015003959W WO 2016042700 A1 WO2016042700 A1 WO 2016042700A1
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- heater
- fuel
- energization
- heating element
- value
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a fuel supply control device for an internal combustion engine, and more specifically, a fuel supply control device for an internal combustion engine in which a fuel passage connecting a fuel tank and a fuel injection valve is provided with a heating element for heating fuel. It is about.
- Alcohol fuel is used as a fuel for internal combustion engines alone or by mixing with other fuels such as gasoline fuel. Alcohol fuel has lower volatility than gasoline fuel, and in particular, the startability of an internal combustion engine during cold start is low.
- a fuel heating system that heats the fuel and supplies the fuel to the internal combustion engine has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a heater that generates heat when energized from a battery is provided in a fuel supply path.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a fuel supply control device for an internal combustion engine that can suppress overheating of fuel supplied to a fuel injection valve.
- the present disclosure relates to a fuel supply control device for an internal combustion engine that is applied to a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine in which a heating element that generates heat by power supply is provided in a fuel passage that connects a fuel tank and a fuel injection valve.
- the fuel supply control device detects a heating element temperature parameter that is at least one of a temperature of the heating element and a parameter correlated with the temperature, and detects the parameter detection unit after the energization of the heating element is started.
- An energization control unit that performs energization control of the heating element based on a change amount of the heating element temperature parameter per unit time.
- the heating element determines the temperature of the heating element or the temperature of the heating element (for example, the current value flowing through the heating element, the voltage applied to the heating element, the resistance value, the heating element temperature, etc.) Focusing on the fact that it is possible to capture the boiling state, the heating element energization control is performed based on the amount of change in the heating element temperature parameter per unit time. According to such a configuration, since the boiling state of the fuel can be grasped during the heating period of the fuel by the heating element, the output of the heating element can be limited before the fuel is overheated.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an overall outline of an engine control system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a change in heater current due to a change in fuel heating time.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of heater energization control.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a slope integrated value calculation process.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart showing a specific mode of heater energization control.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of heater re-energization processing.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing heater energization control during fuel cut.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing a specific mode when flying.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of an empty flying determination process.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart comparing normal and deteriorated heater elements.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of heater deterioration determination
- FIG. 1 shows an overall schematic configuration diagram of the engine control system.
- the intake pipe 11 is provided with a throttle valve 12.
- the opening degree of the throttle valve 12 is adjusted by a throttle actuator 13 such as a DC motor.
- An intake manifold 14 for introducing air into each cylinder of the engine 10 is connected to the downstream side of the throttle valve 12, and the intake manifold 14 is connected to an intake port of each cylinder.
- An intake valve 15 and an exhaust valve 16 are provided at the intake port and the exhaust port of the engine 10, respectively.
- the engine 10 includes an injector 19 as a fuel injection unit that injects and supplies fuel to each cylinder.
- an intake port injection type engine is adopted, and the injector 19 is provided in the vicinity of the intake port.
- a direct injection type in which the injector 19 is provided in a cylinder head or the like of each cylinder may be used.
- the injector 19 is connected to a fuel tank 22 via a fuel pipe 21.
- the fuel tank 22 is filled with gasoline fuel or alcohol fuel alone or with a mixed fuel of gasoline fuel and alcohol fuel.
- the fuel in the fuel tank 22 is pumped up by the feed pump 23 and supplied to the injector 19 of each cylinder.
- the fuel pipe 21 is provided with a fuel heating chamber 24 for temporarily storing fuel supplied to the injector 19.
- a heater element 25 as a heating element is attached to the fuel heating chamber 24 with the element tip protruding.
- the heater element 25 is, for example, a metal heater element, and includes an insulating base and a heating resistor embedded in the insulating base.
- the heater element 25 is connected to a heater electronic control unit (HCU) 50, and the power supplied from the battery 26 to the heater element 25 is controlled by the HCU 50, so that the fuel heating chamber has a calorific value corresponding to the supplied power.
- the fuel in 24 is heated.
- the heating resistor of the heater element 25 exhibits a resistance value correlated with the heater element temperature, and has a characteristic that the resistance value increases as the heater element temperature rises.
- a spark plug 27 is attached to the cylinder head of the engine 10 for each cylinder.
- a high voltage is applied to the ignition plug 27 at a desired ignition timing through an ignition device (not shown) including an ignition coil. By applying this high voltage, a spark discharge is generated between the opposing electrodes of each spark plug 27, and the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 17 is ignited and used for combustion.
- the exhaust pipe 18 is provided with a catalyst 31 such as a three-way catalyst for purifying CO, HC, NOx and the like in the exhaust gas. Further, on the upstream side of the catalyst 31, exhaust sensors 32 and 33 are provided for detecting the air-fuel ratio (oxygen concentration) of the air-fuel mixture with exhaust gas as a detection target.
- the engine 10 is provided with a coolant temperature sensor 34 that detects the coolant temperature, a crank angle sensor 35 that outputs a rectangular signal for each predetermined crank angle of the engine, and the like.
- the ECU 40 is mainly composed of a microcomputer composed of a CPU, ROM, RAM, and the like, and executes various control programs stored in the ROM, so that various controls of the engine 10 are performed according to the engine operating state each time.
- the microcomputer of the ECU 40 receives detection signals from the various sensors described above, and calculates the fuel injection amount, the ignition timing, and the like based on the various detection signals. Based on the calculation result, the driving of the injector 19 and the spark plug 27 is controlled.
- the HCU 50 includes a switch unit 51 having a switching element and a control unit 52 that controls switching on / off of the switching element.
- the control unit 52 is mainly composed of a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the control unit 52 includes a current detection circuit 53 that detects a current flowing through the heater element 25 (heater current Ih) and a voltage detection circuit 54 that detects an applied voltage (heater voltage Vh) of the heater element 25.
- the heater current Ih and the heater voltage Vh are input at every predetermined detection timing.
- the HCU 50 switches the heater energization signal from off to on in order to raise the fuel in the fuel heating chamber 24 when an operation related to a predetermined engine start request is detected and a predetermined heater energization condition is satisfied.
- the heater element 25 is energized.
- Operations related to the engine start request include, for example, that the vehicle door has been switched from the closed state to the open state, the start switch (IG switch) of the engine 10 has been turned on, and the starter (starter) of the engine 10 has been driven. Etc.
- IG switch start switch
- starter starter
- the heater energization condition is that the engine water temperature at start-up is less than a predetermined value THW1 (for example, less than 20 ° C.) and the alcohol concentration of the fuel in the fuel tank 22 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value DE1 (for example, 80% or more). Including.
- the energization control of the heater element 25 is performed by the power duty ratio.
- the maximum duty ratio D2 is set within a period (preheat period) until the predetermined time T1 elapses after detection of the operation related to the engine start request. Thereby, the fuel in the fuel heating chamber 24 is quickly heated by the heating by the heater element 25, and the engine startability is ensured.
- the duty ratio is within a predetermined range based on the period from the determination timing of completion of the engine start until the predetermined time T2 elapses (the heater energization period after the start), the engine speed and the fuel injection amount. (For example, 7 to 100%) is variably set. This promotes fuel vaporization and reduces emissions.
- the determination that the engine has been started is made, for example, based on whether or not the engine rotation speed after the start of combustion of the engine 10 is equal to or higher than a predetermined start rotation speed.
- the preheating period and the heater energization period after starting are variably set according to the engine water temperature at starting and the alcohol concentration of fuel. Specifically, the preheating period and the post-starting heater energization period are set longer as the starting engine water temperature is lower. In addition, the higher the alcohol concentration of the fuel, the longer the preheating period and the heater energization period after startup.
- the boiling state of the fuel changes according to the temperature difference between the heat conduction surface and the fuel, and as the temperature difference increases, the fuel shifts from the nucleate boiling state to the transition boiling state, and further shifts to the film boiling state.
- the entire heat conduction surface of the heater element 25 is covered with a film of boiling fuel vapor. If the heater energization is continued in this state, there is a concern that the injector is clogged by deposits generated by emptying, or that the air in the injector 19 is sucked by fuel bubbles, or in the worst case, the heater may be damaged. Considering these points, when heating the fuel for improving startability, it is desirable to limit the heater output before the fuel boiling state reaches film boiling.
- the present inventor changes the size and number of bubbles around the heater (heat conduction surface) according to the boiling state of the fuel, and the heat conductivity changes thereby, thereby changing the heater. It was estimated that changes in the element temperature and the heater current Ih were affected. Specifically, as the heater element temperature increases and the fuel boiling state progresses, the size and number of bubbles around the heater increase, and the thermal conductivity decreases accordingly. Further, when the thermal conductivity is decreased, the heater element temperature is increased and the heater resistance value is increased. As a result, the heater current Ih is decreased. Focusing on such an event, the present inventor has examined whether the boiling state of the fuel can be detected based on changes in the heater element temperature and the heater current Ih during fuel heating.
- FIG. 2 shows the result of tracking the change in the heater current Ih due to the change in the fuel heating time.
- a predetermined time for example, 1 to 2 seconds
- the heater current Ih gradually increases as the heating time increases. It goes down.
- the heater current Ih greatly decreases, and eventually the heater current Ih becomes 0 or a value in the vicinity thereof (t11). According to this result, it can be said that the boiling state of the fuel can be grasped by the change of the heater element temperature and the change of the heater current Ih.
- At least one of the heater element temperature and a parameter correlated with the heater element temperature is detected, and the heater energization is performed based on the amount of change per unit time of the detected heater element temperature parameter. Control is going to be implemented.
- the change amount per unit time (heater current gradient Ao) of the heater current Ih after the start of energization of the heater is integrated, and the boiling state of the fuel is detected using the integrated value (inclination integrated value Int). It is configured.
- the heater current Ih varies due to various factors such as heater resistance variation, battery voltage variation, and fuel injection amount change from the injector 19. Therefore, if it is attempted to detect the boiling state of the fuel with the slope of the heater current Ih, it is difficult to determine whether the change in the slope of the heater current Ih is due to a change in the boiling state of the fuel or due to another factor. There is a risk of erroneous detection of the state. In view of these points, in the present embodiment, the boiling state of the fuel is detected using the integrated slope value Int.
- heater energization control of this system will be described using the flowchart of FIG. This process is executed at predetermined intervals by the control unit 52 of the HCU 50 when an operation related to the engine start request (in this embodiment, switching to opening of the vehicle door) is detected.
- step S101 a learned value of alcohol concentration is read.
- the alcohol concentration learning value is acquired by a conventionally known learning method, for example, a value learned based on the estimated value based on the detection values of the exhaust sensors 32 and 33 is acquired.
- an alcohol concentration sensor may be provided in the fuel supply system, and a value learned based on a detection value of the alcohol concentration sensor may be read.
- step S102 it is determined whether or not the heater energization condition is satisfied. If the heater energization condition is not established, this routine is terminated as it is, and if the heater energization condition is established, the process proceeds to step S103.
- a boiling detection determination value TH1 is set based on the alcohol concentration.
- the boiling detection determination value TH1 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the fuel boiling state is a predetermined boiling progress state before film boiling.
- a nucleate boiling state or a state in the middle of transition from the nucleate boiling state to the film boiling state (transition region) is set.
- the relationship between the alcohol concentration and the boiling detection determination value TH1 is set in advance, and the boiling detection determination value TH1 is set based on this relationship. Specifically, as the alcohol concentration is lower, the boiling detection determination value TH1 is set to a larger value on the negative side.
- the heater current slope Ao when the heater current Ih shows a decreasing tendency is a negative value
- the heater current slope Ao when the heater current Ih shows an increasing tendency is a positive value.
- a negative value is set as the boiling detection determination value TH1.
- step S104 energization of the heater is started.
- step S105 the heater current Ih is acquired, and in step S106, the heater current gradient Ao is calculated by time differentiation of the heater current Ih.
- step S107 the integrated slope value Int is calculated by integrating the heater current slope Ao after the heater energization is started (inclination integrated value calculation process).
- FIG. 4 is a subroutine showing an inclination integrated value calculation process.
- step S201 it is determined whether or not the heater current gradient Ao is a negative value.
- the process proceeds to step S202, and the heater current gradient Ao calculated in step S106 is set as the variable X.
- step S203 the slope integrated value Int is calculated by the following equation (1).
- Int [i] Int [i-1] + X ⁇ ⁇ t (1)
- Int [i] indicates the current value of the integrated slope value
- Int [i ⁇ 1] indicates the previous value of the integrated slope value
- ⁇ t indicates the calculation cycle.
- step S201 If the heater current gradient Ao is a positive value, a negative determination is made in step S201, and the process proceeds to step S204.
- step S204 it is determined whether or not the previous value Int [i-1] of the integrated slope value is a negative value. If the previous value Int [i ⁇ 1] is a negative value, the processes of steps S202 and S203 are executed. On the other hand, if the previous value Int [i ⁇ 1] is a positive value, the process proceeds to step S205, where the variable X is set to 0, and the process of step S203 is executed.
- the heater current slope Ao is a negative value
- the heater current slope Ao is always added
- the previous value Int [i ⁇ 1] is added under the condition that the heater current gradient Ao is negative.
- the slope integrated value Int is guarded at 0 with an upper limit.
- step S108 it is determined whether or not the current value Int [i] of the integrated slope value is smaller than the boiling detection determination value TH1 (whether it is larger on the negative side than the boiling detection determination value TH1). If the integrated inclination value is larger than the boiling detection determination value TH1, the process proceeds to step S109, where the boiling detection flag is set to 0, and the heater energization is continued with the currently set duty ratio. On the other hand, if the integrated slope value is smaller than the boiling detection determination value TH1 (larger on the negative side), the process proceeds to step S110, where the boiling detection flag is set to 1, and the heater output is limited. In the present embodiment, energization is performed by reducing the heater output for a predetermined time immediately after it is determined that the integrated slope value is larger than the boiling detection determination value TH1, and then the heater energization is stopped.
- (a) is a change in heater energization signal
- (b) is a change in boiling detection flag
- (c) is a change in heater duty
- (d) is a change in fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber 24, (e). Is the change in heater element temperature
- (f) is the change in heater current Ih
- (g) is the change in engine speed
- (h) is the change in heater current gradient Ao
- (i) is the change in gradient integrated value Int. Show.
- FIG. 5 it is assumed that the user is about to start driving a stopped vehicle.
- the starting engine water temperature is lower than the predetermined value THW1
- the alcohol concentration of the fuel in the fuel tank 22 is equal to or higher than the predetermined value DE1.
- the heater energization is started on the condition. Immediately after the start of heater energization, the current is first energized with the duty ratio D1, and then changed to the maximum duty ratio D2.
- the heater current Ih temporarily rises and then falls and stabilizes ((f) in FIG. 5).
- the change in the heater current Ih is performed for a predetermined time (for example, about 1 to 2 seconds until the heater current Ih is stabilized) at the beginning of energization of the heater. The determination of the boiling state of the fuel based on this is not carried out.
- the IG switch is turned on, and the starter switch is turned on, whereby cranking of the engine 10 is started (time t22).
- the temperature of the heater element increases as the fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber 24 rises to the boiling point Tb of the fuel and the size and number of bubbles around the heater element gradually increase (time t23). Further, as the heater element temperature rises, the heater current Ih tends to decrease, and a negative value is accumulated as the gradient accumulated value Int. When it is determined that the integrated slope value Int has become smaller than the boiling detection determination value TH1 (becomes larger on the negative side), the energization duty ratio of the heater element 25 is reduced from D2 to D3 at time t24, Thereafter, the heater output is set to 0 at time t25.
- the heater element temperature decreases due to the decrease in the fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber 24, and the heater current Ih tends to increase (time t23 to t24). Between).
- the heater current gradient Ao shows a positive value.
- the heater current slope Ao indicates a positive value
- the heater current slope Ao is set to the previous value of the slope accumulated value Int on the condition that the previous value of the slope accumulated value Int is a negative value.
- the slope integrated value Int is calculated by adding to the value.
- the heater re-energization is performed based on the heater current gradient Ao after the heater energization is stopped. It is said.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the heater re-energization process. This process is executed at predetermined intervals by the control unit 52 of the HCU 50.
- step S301 it is determined whether or not it is within the heater energization period after starting until the predetermined time T2 elapses after the start of the engine 10 is completed. If it is determined that it is within the heater energization period after startup, the process proceeds to step S302, and it is determined whether or not a fuel cut is being performed. If the fuel cut is in progress, the process proceeds to step S303 to determine whether or not the heater element 25 is energized. If the heater element 25 is energized, the process proceeds to step S304, and the heater energization is stopped.
- step S303 determines whether the heater element 25 is in a predetermined low temperature state based on the heater current gradient Ao.
- it is determined that the heater element 25 is in a predetermined low temperature state when the state where the heater current gradient Ao is a positive value continues for a predetermined time T3 or more. If a negative determination is made in step S305, the process proceeds to step S306, and the heater energization is stopped. On the other hand, when an affirmative determination is made in step S305, the process proceeds to step S307 and the heater is re-energized.
- the duty ratio when the heater is re-energized is set based on, for example, the engine speed and the fuel injection amount.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing a specific mode of heater energization control during fuel cut.
- (a) to (i) are the same as those in FIG.
- heater energization is started on the condition that the heater energization condition is satisfied (time t31). Thereafter, the IG switch is turned on, and further the starter switch is turned on, whereby cranking of the engine 10 is started (time t32), and the engine 10 is started.
- the heater energization is stopped at the fuel cut start time t33. In a short period of time immediately after the heater energization is stopped, the fuel temperature rises due to residual heat, but eventually the fuel temperature starts to fall and the heater current Ih rises. When the state where the heater current gradient Ao is a positive value continues for a predetermined time T3 or longer, heater energization is resumed (time t35).
- ⁇ Darkness determination process> In a state where there is no fuel around the heater, for example, when the fuel system parts (the fuel pipe 21, the injector 19, the feed pump 23, the fuel heating chamber 24, the fuel filter, etc.) are replaced, the air in the fuel heating chamber 24 It is assumed that the fuel heating chamber 24 becomes empty. If the heating of the fuel by the heater element 25 is performed in this state, there is a concern that fuel deposits may adhere to the surface of the heater element 25 or the heater element 25 may be deteriorated or melted.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing a case where the heater element 25 is energized while the fuel heating chamber 24 is empty.
- (a) is a change in heater energization signal
- (b) is a change in heater duty
- (c) is a change in fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber 24
- (d) is a change in heater element temperature
- (e) is a transition of the heater current Ih
- (f) is a transition of the heater current slope Ao
- (g) is a transition of the slope integrated value Int
- (h) is a transition of the idling determination flag.
- the solid line indicates the time when the heater is energized while the fuel in the fuel heating chamber 24 is empty
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the normal time when the fuel is filled in the fuel heating chamber 24. Yes.
- heater energization is started on the condition that the heater energization condition is satisfied (time t41).
- time t41 the condition that the heater energization condition is satisfied.
- the temperature in the fuel heating chamber 24 ((c in FIG. 8) is relatively early after the heater energization is started. ))
- the heater element temperature rises rapidly.
- the heater current Ih greatly decreases as the heater element temperature rapidly increases. Therefore, if there is fuel in the fuel heating chamber 24, the heater current slope Ao and the slope integrated value Int show negative values during a period in which the heater current Ih does not change much.
- the emptying determination is performed based on the integrated slope value Int that is the integrated value of the heater current slope Ao.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the emptying determination process. This process is executed at predetermined intervals by the control unit 52 of the HCU 50.
- step S401 it is determined whether or not a predetermined time T1 has elapsed from the start of heater energization, that is, whether or not it is within the preheat period.
- the process proceeds to step S402 on the condition that the predetermined time T1 has not elapsed, and it is determined whether or not the integrated slope value Int is a value on the negative side of the idling prevention determination value TH2.
- the idling prevention determination value TH2 is set to a value larger on the negative side than the boiling detection determination value TH1, and in this embodiment, a value that can detect that the fuel deposit is not grown on the heater element surface. Is set to
- step S402 If the integrated slope value Int is larger than the flying prevention determination value TH2, a negative determination is made in step S402, the process proceeds to step S403, and the flying determination flag is set to zero. On the other hand, if the integrated slope value Int is a value larger than the flying prevention determination value TH2 on the negative side, an affirmative determination is made in step S402, the process proceeds to step S404, the flying determination flag is set to 1, and the heater element The energization of 25 is stopped.
- the heater portion becomes thinner and the heater resistance value becomes smaller, and the heater power decreases. Further, as the heater power is reduced, the values of the heater current Ih and the heater voltage Vh become smaller than when the heater is normal. Focusing on this point, in the present embodiment, in the preheating period before the predetermined time T1 elapses after the energization of the heater element 25 is started, the deterioration of the heater element 25 is based on the heater current gradient Ao in the period. A state is determined (degradation determination unit).
- the heater element 25 is deteriorated based on the gradient integrated value Int, which is the integrated value of the heater current gradient Ao, in order to minimize the influence of noise appearing in the heater current Ih. We are going to judge.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart showing the difference between when the heater element 25 is normal and when it is deteriorated.
- (a) is a change in heater energization signal
- (b) is a change in heater duty
- (c) is a change in fuel temperature in the fuel heating chamber 24
- (d) is a change in heater element temperature
- (e) is a transition of the heater current Ih
- (f) is a transition of the heater current slope Ao
- (g) is a transition of the slope integrated value Int
- (h) is a transition of the heater deterioration determination flag.
- the solid line indicates when the heater is deteriorated
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates when the heater is normal.
- the heater element 25 is deteriorated even after time t52 when the accumulated slope value Int shows a sufficiently large value on the negative side in the normal state, the accumulated slope value Int remains unchanged. Or the degree of the change is small. Therefore, in this embodiment, the inclination integrated value Int after the elapse of the predetermined time T4 from the start of heater energization is compared with the determination value TH3, and the heater element 25 is detected when the inclination integrated value Int is larger than the determination value on the positive side. Judge that it has deteriorated.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the heater deterioration determination process. This process is executed at predetermined intervals by the control unit 52 of the HCU 50.
- step S501 it is determined whether or not a predetermined time T1 has elapsed since the start of heater energization, that is, whether or not it is within the preheat period. If it is within the preheat period, the process proceeds to step S502, and it is determined whether or not the heater energization time from the operation related to the engine start request has reached a predetermined time T4 or more.
- the predetermined time T4 is set to be shorter than the preheating period T1 and longer than the time required for the fuel temperature to rise to the boiling point Tb when the heater is normal. If the heater energization time is before the predetermined time T4, a negative determination is made in step S502, and this routine is temporarily terminated.
- step S503 it is determined whether or not the current gradient integrated value Int is a value larger than the deterioration determination value TH3 on the positive side.
- the process proceeds to step S504, and 0 is set to the heater deterioration determination flag.
- the process proceeds to step S505, where the heater deterioration determination flag is set to 1 and the heater energization is stopped.
- the heater current Ih as a heater element temperature parameter is detected, and heater energization control is performed based on the amount of change per unit time of the detected heater element temperature parameter.
- the heater current Ih varies due to various factors such as heater resistance variation due to individual product differences, battery voltage variation, fuel injection from the injector 19, and the like. Therefore, if it is attempted to detect the boiling state of the fuel with the slope of the heater current Ih, it is difficult to determine whether the change in the slope of the heater current Ih is due to a change in the boiling state of the fuel or another factor. There is a risk of erroneous detection of the boiling state.
- the inclination integrated value Int is calculated by integrating the time differentiation of the heater current Ih, and the fuel boiling state is detected using the calculated inclination integrated value Int.
- the fuel boiling proceeds and approaches the film boiling state.
- the inclination integrated value Int and the boiling detection determination value TH1 are compared, and when the inclination integrated value Int becomes larger than the boiling detection determination value TH1, the fuel is predetermined. It was determined that the boiling state was reached, and the heater energization was limited. According to this configuration, the boiling state of the fuel can be accurately discriminated by a relatively simple control that is an integration process of the gradient of the heater current Ih.
- the heater current Ih is detected as the heater element temperature parameter, and the fuel boiling state is detected by the integrated value Int of the time differentiation of the heater current Ih. According to this configuration, it is possible to detect whether or not the boiling state of the fuel is a predetermined boiling progress state without directly detecting the heater element temperature.
- the heater energization After the heater energization is stopped due to the fuel cut of the engine 10, it is detected that the heater element 25 is in a predetermined low temperature state based on the heater current gradient Ao as a change amount per unit time of the heater element temperature parameter. In this case, the heater energization is resumed. According to such a configuration, overheating of the fuel can be suppressed during the fuel cut, and when the heater element temperature is lowered due to the stop of energization, the reheating is performed, so that the drivability is deteriorated or the emission is caused by the combustion fluctuation. Deterioration can be suppressed.
- the heater energization based on the heater current gradient Ao during the preheating period, it is determined whether or not the fuel element is in an empty state where there is no fuel around the heater element. And the heater energization is stopped when it is determined that the heater is in an empty state.
- the above-described configuration can suppress inconvenience due to flying.
- the heater deterioration determination is performed based on the heater current gradient Ao during the preheating period.
- the heater portion becomes thinner, and the change in the heater current Ih corresponding to the boiling state of the fuel does not occur or the degree of the change becomes small. In view of this point, with the above configuration, it can be determined that the heater element 25 has deteriorated.
- the current value of the slope integrated value Int is obtained by adding the current value of the heater current slope Ao to the previous value of the slope integrated value Int. It was set as the structure which calculates. When this is changed and the slope integrated value Int is calculated, only a negative value of the heater current slope Ao may be added, and the positive value may be invalidated.
- the slope integrated value Int when the slope integrated value Int is calculated, if the heater current slope Ao continuously shows a positive value for a predetermined time, the current value of the heater current slope Ao is compared with the previous value of the slope integrated value Int. It may be configured to add.
- the heater re-energization is performed based on the determination. It was set as the structure to do.
- the configuration for determining whether or not the heater element 25 is in a predetermined low temperature state based on the heater current gradient Ao is not limited to this. For example, when the slope integrated value Int is calculated by time differentiation of the heater current slope Ao after the heater current slope Ao becomes a positive value, and the calculated slope integrated value Int becomes larger than the determination value on the positive side. The heater energization may be resumed.
- the heater energization may be resumed regardless of the change in the heater current gradient Ao.
- the heater current Ih is adopted as the heater element temperature parameter which is at least one of the heater element temperature and the parameter correlated with the temperature.
- parameters other than the heater current Ih such as the heater voltage Vh, the heater A resistance value or a heater element temperature may be used.
- the heater energization control is performed based on the heater element temperature, it is considered that the rise and fall of the behavior of the heater element temperature is reversed with respect to the behavior of the heater current Ih (see FIGS. 5 and 7).
- the heater energization is stopped at the timing when the integrated value of the time differentiation of the heater element temperature after the heater energization starts becomes larger than the determination value.
- the heater energization control is performed based on the heater voltage Vh, the heater current Ih decreases as the fuel boiling state progresses, and the heater voltage Vh recovers accordingly.
- the heater energization is stopped at the timing when the integrated value of the time differentiation of the heater voltage Vh becomes larger than the determination value on the positive side.
- the heater resistance value considering that the heater resistance value increases as the fuel boiling state progresses, the integrated value of the time differential of the heater resistance value after the heater energization starts becomes larger than the judgment value on the positive side.
- the heater energization is stopped at the same timing.
- the sensor which detects heater element temperature is provided, and the structure detected with this sensor is mentioned.
- the heater resistance value may be calculated from the detected values of the heater current Ih and the heater voltage Vh.
- heater energization control is performed using only the heater current Ih as the heater element temperature parameter, but heater energization control may be performed using two or more types of heater element temperature parameters. For example, when the heater current Ih and the heater element temperature are used, the integrated value Int of the time differential of the heater current Ih is larger on the negative side than the boiling detection determination value TH1 after the heater energization is started, and the time differential of the heater element temperature The heater energization is stopped when the integrated value is larger on the positive side than the determination value.
- the heater energization control is performed based on the amount of change per unit time of the heater element temperature parameter.
- the integrated value of the amount of change is used.
- the control is not limited to the above configuration as long as the control is based on the amount of change.
- the heater element temperature parameter changes greatly (for example, immediately after time t11 in FIG. 2).
- the change amount per unit time of the element temperature parameter is compared with the determination value, and the heater energization is stopped when the change amount (absolute value) becomes larger than the determination value. More specifically, for example, when the heater current Ih is used as the heater element temperature parameter, the heater energization is stopped when the change amount (> 0) of the heater current slope Ao to the negative side is larger than the determination value. .
- the boiling detection determination value TH1 is variably set according to the alcohol concentration, but the boiling detection determination value TH1 may be variably set according to the power duty ratio of the heater energization control. As the power duty ratio is smaller, the noise of the heater element temperature parameter tends to increase, and the detection accuracy of the fuel boiling state tends to decrease. In view of this point, the above configuration makes it possible to suppress erroneous detection of the boiling state of the fuel. For example, when the heater element temperature parameter is the heater current Ih and the fuel boiling state is detected by the integrated value Int of the time differentiation of the heater current Ih, the boiling detection determination value TH1 is set to the negative side as the power duty ratio is smaller. It is preferable to set a large value. The boiling detection determination value TH1 may be variably set according to the alcohol concentration and the power duty ratio.
- boiling detection determination value TH1 it is good also as a structure which replaces with the structure set variably according to alcohol concentration or electric power duty ratio, and uses the predetermined fixed value.
- the ECU 40 and the HCU 50 are separately provided, and the case where the HCU 50 is applied to a system that performs energization control of the heater element 25 has been described.
- the present invention may be applied to a system that includes the ECU 40 and the HCU 50 as one device. .
- the fuel is applied to an in-vehicle engine in which alcohol fuel is used.
- the fuel is not limited to alcohol fuel as long as it is assumed that the fuel is preheated and supplied to the engine 10. You may apply to the vehicle-mounted engine in which gas fuels, such as petroleum gas, are used.
- gas fuels such as petroleum gas
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Abstract
Description
次に、本システムのヒータ通電制御について図3のフローチャートを用いて説明する。この処理は、エンジン始動要求に関する動作(本実施形態では車両ドアの開への切り替え)が検出された場合に、HCU50の制御部52により所定周期毎に実行される。
Int[i]=Int[i-1]+X・Δt …(1)
Int[i]は傾き積算値の今回値、Int[i-1]は傾き積算値の前回値、Δtは計算周期を示す。
エンジン10の始動が完了した後にヒータ素子25による燃料の加熱を行う場合、燃料噴射量の増加があった等の理由により燃料加熱室24内の燃料温度が低下することがある。また、燃料カット中では燃料の過熱防止のため、ヒータ通電を停止させる制御を実施することがあるが、ヒータ素子25の通電停止期間が長くなると、燃料加熱室24内の燃料温度が低下することが考えられる。一方、燃料温度が低下した状態で燃料噴射を実施した場合、燃料変動に伴うドライバビリティの悪化や、エミッションの悪化を招くことが懸念される。そこで本実施形態では、燃料加熱室24内の燃料温度の低下がヒータ電流傾きAoの変化として現れることに着目し、ヒータ通電の停止後、ヒータ電流傾きAoに基づいてヒータ再通電を実施することとしている。
ヒータ周辺に燃料が存在しない状態として、例えば燃料系の部品(燃料配管21やインジェクタ19、フィードポンプ23、燃料加熱室24、燃料フィルタなど)の交換を行った際に燃料加熱室24内に空気が混入し、燃料加熱室24内が空の状態になることが想定される。この状態でヒータ素子25による燃料の加熱を実施すると、ヒータ素子25の表面に燃料によるデポジットが付着したり、ヒータ素子25の劣化又は溶損を引き起こしたりすることが懸念される。
ヒータ素子25の劣化が進むと、ヒータ部分が細くなることに伴いヒータ抵抗値が小さくなり、ヒータ電力が低下する。また、ヒータ電力が低下することで、ヒータ電流Ih及びヒータ電圧Vhの値がヒータ正常時よりも小さくなる。この点に着目し、本実施形態では、ヒータ素子25の通電を開始してから所定時間T1が経過する前のプレヒート期間において、該期間でのヒータ電流傾きAoに基づいて、ヒータ素子25の劣化状態を判定する(劣化判定部)。特に本実施形態では、ヒータ通電制御の場合と同じく、ヒータ電流Ihに現れるノイズの影響を極力小さくするべく、ヒータ電流傾きAoの積算値である傾き積算値Intに基づいてヒータ素子25の劣化を判定することとしている。
本開示は上記実施形態に限定されず、例えば次のように行ってもよい。
Claims (7)
- 燃料タンク(22)と燃料噴射弁(19)とを接続する燃料通路(21)に、電力供給により発熱する発熱体(25)が設けられた内燃機関(10)の燃料供給システムに適用され、
前記発熱体の温度及び該温度に相関するパラメータの少なくともいずれかである発熱体温度パラメータを検出するパラメータ検出部と、
前記発熱体の通電開始後に前記パラメータ検出部により検出した前記発熱体温度パラメータの単位時間当たりの変化量に基づいて、前記発熱体の通電制御を実施する通電制御部と、を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。 - 前記通電制御部は、前記パラメータ検出部により検出した発熱体温度パラメータの単位時間あたりの変化量の積算値を算出し、該算出した積算値に基づいて前記発熱体の通電制御を実施する請求項1に記載の内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。
- 前記通電制御部は、前記積算値と判定値との比較結果に基づいて前記燃料の沸騰状態が膜沸騰に至る前の所定の沸騰進行状態にあるか否かを判定し、前記所定の沸騰進行状態にあると判定された場合に前記発熱体の通電を制限する請求項2に記載の内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。
- 前記パラメータ検出部は、前記発熱体温度パラメータとして、前記発熱体に流れる電流、前記発熱体の印加電圧及び前記発熱体の抵抗のうちの少なくともいずれかを検出する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。
- 前記通電制御部は、前記内燃機関の運転開始後における前記発熱体の通電制御として、前記内燃機関の燃料カットの開始に伴い前記発熱体の通電を停止する通電停止処理と、前記通電停止処理による前記発熱体の通電停止後に前記パラメータ検出部により検出した前記発熱体温度パラメータの単位時間当たりの変化量に基づいて、前記発熱体が所定の低温状態になったことが検出された場合に、前記発熱体の通電を再開する通電再開処理と、を実施する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。
- 前記発熱体の通電開始から所定時間が経過する前の期間内に前記パラメータ検出部により検出した前記発熱体温度パラメータの単位時間当たりの変化量に基づいて、前記発熱体の周辺に燃料が存在しない空焚き状態か否かを判定する空焚き判定部を備え、
前記通電制御部は、前記空焚き判定部により空焚き状態であると判定された場合に、前記発熱体の通電を停止する請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。 - 前記発熱体の通電開始から所定時間が経過する前の期間内に前記パラメータ検出部により検出した前記発熱体温度パラメータの単位時間当たりの変化量に基づいて、前記発熱体の劣化状態を判定する劣化判定部を備える請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の燃料供給制御装置。
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JP2003155960A (ja) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料加熱用ヒータの作動制御方法 |
JP2004360646A (ja) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料供給装置 |
JP2005240559A (ja) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
WO2013153627A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-10-17 | トヨタ自動車 株式会社 | ガソリン機関の制御装置 |
JP2014088859A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-15 | Denso Corp | 燃料加熱制御装置 |
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JP2003155960A (ja) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料加熱用ヒータの作動制御方法 |
JP2004360646A (ja) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料供給装置 |
JP2005240559A (ja) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
WO2013153627A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-10-17 | トヨタ自動車 株式会社 | ガソリン機関の制御装置 |
JP2014088859A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-15 | Denso Corp | 燃料加熱制御装置 |
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