WO2015129117A1 - 二次電池のsoc推定装置 - Google Patents
二次電池のsoc推定装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015129117A1 WO2015129117A1 PCT/JP2014/081579 JP2014081579W WO2015129117A1 WO 2015129117 A1 WO2015129117 A1 WO 2015129117A1 JP 2014081579 W JP2014081579 W JP 2014081579W WO 2015129117 A1 WO2015129117 A1 WO 2015129117A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- soc
- ocv
- secondary battery
- relationship
- correlation curve
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/44—Testing lamps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an SOC (State of charge) estimation device for a secondary battery.
- Secondary batteries are used in various applications such as electronic equipment, transportation equipment such as elevators and vehicles, and power storage equipment, and the sizes thereof are also various. In order to make maximum use of such a secondary battery, it is important to accurately estimate the SOC of the secondary battery. When the SOC estimation error of the secondary battery is large, charging or discharging is performed exceeding the allowable range, and thus problems such as expansion and temperature rise of the secondary battery occur. For example, when the negative electrode current collector foil of the secondary battery that has been electrically dissolved by overdischarge re-deposits, a short circuit occurs due to the penetration of the separator. As a result, when a large amount of current flows instantaneously, heat is generated and the electrolyte solution evaporates.
- the electrolyte solution or electrode material of the secondary battery is also decomposed by overcharging.
- the secondary battery expands. Therefore, in order to make maximum use of the secondary battery while preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the secondary battery, it is necessary to accurately grasp the SOC of the secondary battery.
- a method for estimating the SOC of the secondary battery a method using an OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) of the secondary battery is generally known.
- OCV Open Circuit Voltage
- a correlation curve of SOC with respect to the OCV of the secondary battery is created in advance, and the measured OCV measured during use of the secondary battery is introduced into the correlation curve to estimate the SOC.
- a hysteresis phenomenon may occur in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process.
- Patent Document 1 obtains a correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV for each SOC when switching from charging to discharging, and based on this correlation curve, the SOC is calculated from the measured OCV. Has proposed a method to measure.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
- a secondary battery in which a correlation curve representing a relationship between SOC and OCV is different between a charging process and a discharging process
- the inventors of the present invention have either a charging process or a discharging process in a secondary battery in which a correlation curve representing a relationship between SOC and OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process. It has been found that the tendency according to the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV differs depending on the magnitude of the actually measured OCV, and the SOC can be accurately estimated by using a relational expression weighted to this tendency. A similar tendency is also observed in the SOC calculated from the charge amount obtained by integrating the charging current and discharging current of the secondary battery, and the SOC is accurately calculated by using a relational expression weighted to this tendency. We found that it can be estimated.
- the present invention is an SOC estimation device for a secondary battery in which a correlation curve representing a relationship between SOC and OCV is different between a charging process and a discharging process.
- the present invention is an SOC estimation device for a secondary battery in which a correlation curve representing a relationship between SOC and OCV is different between a charging process and a discharging process, and the charging current and discharging current of the secondary battery are integrated.
- the amount of charge obtained by weighting the correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the discharging process as the SOC calculated from the amount of charge obtained in this way increases and integrating the charging current and discharging current of the secondary battery
- An SOC estimation device for a secondary battery comprising means for estimating the SOC based on a relational expression weighted to a correlation curve representing a relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process as the SOC calculated from is reduced .
- the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process, not only during the use of the secondary battery but also after the secondary battery is suspended. It is possible to provide an SOC estimation device for a secondary battery that can accurately estimate the SOC even when the use is started.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing fluctuation of OCV with respect to time of a lithium secondary battery when a current is stopped at a specific SOC showing a sufficiently large OCV in a charging process and a discharging process and then held at no load for a long time. .
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing fluctuation of OCV with respect to time of a lithium secondary battery when a current is stopped at a specific SOC showing a sufficiently large OCV in a charging process and a discharging process and then held at no load for a long time. .
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing fluctuation of OCV with respect to time of a lithium secondary battery when a current is stopped at a specific SOC showing a sufficiently small OCV in a charging process and a discharging process and then held at no load for a long time.
- This is an example using two relational expressions created by dividing the OCV range into two as weighted relational expressions. In this example, one relational expression is used as the weighted relational expression.
- It is a graph which shows the correlation curve showing the relationship between the charge amount Q and OCV of the secondary battery from which the correlation curve showing the relationship between SOC and OCV differs between a charge process and a discharge process.
- 5 is a graph showing the relationship between OCV and a difference ⁇ Q in charge amount Q of a secondary battery in which a correlation curve representing a relationship between SOC and OCV is different between a charging process and a discharging process. It is a graph which shows the correlation curve showing the relationship between SOC and OCV of the secondary battery from which the correlation curve showing the relationship between SOC and OCV differs between a charge process and a discharge process. It is a graph showing the relationship between (DELTA) OCV and SOC of the secondary battery from which the correlation curve showing the relationship between SOC and OCV differs between a charge process and a discharge process.
- a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example of a secondary battery.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be used in other secondary batteries as well. Is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a secondary battery system including an SOC estimation apparatus for a secondary battery according to the present invention.
- the secondary battery system includes a BMU (Battery Management Unit) 1 that controls the secondary battery 2, a secondary battery 2, and a voltage sensor 3 that measures a voltage between terminals of the secondary battery 2.
- a current sensor 4 that measures the energization current and a temperature sensor 5 that measures the battery temperature, and is connected to a motor 6 that consumes or regenerates the power of the secondary battery 2.
- the BMU 1 includes the SOC estimation device of the present invention.
- the secondary battery system includes a converter for stepping up and down the voltage of the secondary battery 2 and an inverter for converting direct current and alternating current between the secondary battery 2 and the motor 6. It may be.
- the number of secondary batteries 2 is not limited to one, and a plurality of secondary batteries 2 may be used in series, in parallel, or as a battery module that combines them. At this time, various information may be measured or estimated for each secondary battery 2, but various information averaged may be obtained by measuring or estimating various information for each of the plurality of secondary batteries 2.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the control system of BMU1.
- the voltage between the terminals of the secondary battery 2 measured by the voltage sensor 3, the energization current measured by the current sensor 4, and the battery temperature measured by the temperature sensor 5 are measured.
- Information is input to the SOC estimation device 7 of the BMU 1, and the SOC estimation device 7 estimates the SOC based on the information.
- the control unit 8 issues a charge / discharge control command to the secondary battery 2 based on the SOC estimated by the SOC estimation device 7 and information from each sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and OCV of the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process.
- the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and OCV is different, and hysteresis occurs.
- the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process is as follows. It can be obtained by measuring OCV.
- the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the discharging process shows that the secondary battery 2 is charged until the SOC of the secondary battery 2 reaches 100% and then discharged from the state where a sufficient rest time has elapsed, each time a certain capacity is discharged. It can be obtained by measuring OCV.
- OCV When charging / discharging by a certain capacity, a behavior in which the voltage increases / decreases during a pause after charging / discharging is observed. Therefore, the OCV is measured after a period of time when this behavior falls to some extent.
- the time for which this behavior falls to some extent is not particularly limited, but is generally about 1 hour.
- the hysteresis phenomenon in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV differs between the charging process and the discharging process is mainly due to the material constituting the electrode of the secondary battery 2. That is, the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material used for the negative electrode are materials that are the main causes of the hysteresis phenomenon.
- the positive electrode active material used for the lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a metal oxide containing lithium, and the state of occurrence of hysteresis varies depending on the constituent material.
- the negative electrode active material is mainly composed of a carbon material such as graphite or hard carbon, and the negative electrode using hard carbon as the negative electrode active material has a larger hysteresis than the negative electrode using graphite as the negative electrode active material. There is a tendency.
- the factors that increase the hysteresis in a lithium ion secondary battery having a negative electrode using hard carbon as a negative electrode active material are considered as follows.
- graphite is used as the negative electrode active material
- lithium is inserted between the graphene layers formed by bonding carbon in a planar shape during charging.
- hard carbon does not develop a graphene layer as compared with graphite
- lithium is inserted between the graphene layers (hereinafter abbreviated as “inserted state”).
- bonded state a state in which lithium is bonded to carbon at the end of the graphene layer
- lithium is preferentially inserted into the graphene layer having a low energy level in the charging process of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the lithium in the inserted state increases as the charge amount increases, the potential energy of the lithium in the inserted state increases.
- some of the inserted lithium slowly changes to bound lithium as a result of an energy level that exceeds the energy barrier between the inserted and bound lithium. .
- the OCV in the discharging process with a large amount of lithium in the combined state is smaller than the OCV in the charging process, so the amount of lithium stored in the combined state has little effect on the negative electrode potential, and the lithium in the inserted state It is considered that the accumulated amount varies the negative electrode potential.
- the lithium in the negative electrode slowly changes between the two states until the reaction rate reaches equilibrium, and converges to a state commensurate with the amount of lithium accumulated in the negative electrode over a long period of time. For this reason, the OCV undergoes a gradual change during the rest period after the charge / discharge of the lithium ion secondary battery is stopped. The fluctuation of the OCV is determined by the amount of lithium accumulated in the negative electrode.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which no load is applied for a long time after the energization current is stopped at a specific SOC exhibiting a sufficiently large OCV in the charging process and the discharging process in order to confirm the fluctuation of the OCV in the rest state of the lithium ion secondary battery. It is the graph which showed the fluctuation
- the fluctuation time tends to be long.
- the OCV 20 when the energization is stopped in the charging process tends to converge so as to be close to the OCV 21 when the energization is stopped in the discharging process.
- the OCV 20 when the energization current is stopped is larger, the OCV 20 when the energization is stopped during the charging process tends to converge so as to be closer to the OCV 21 when the energization is stopped during the discharging process.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the amount of fluctuation of OCV in the resting state of a lithium ion secondary battery. After the energization current is stopped at a specific SOC showing a sufficiently small OCV in the charging and discharging processes, It is the graph which showed the fluctuation
- a specific SOC showing a sufficiently small OCV is held for a long time with no load, as shown in FIG. 5, the OCV 21 when the energization is stopped during the discharging process is the OCV 20 when the energization is stopped during the charging process. Compared to this, the fluctuation time tends to be long.
- the OCV 21 when the energization is stopped in the discharging process tends to converge so as to be close to the OCV 20 when the energization is stopped in the charging process.
- the smaller the OCV when the energization current is stopped the greater the tendency for the OCV 21 when the energization is stopped during the discharge process to converge closer to the OCV 20 when the energization is stopped during the discharge process.
- the larger the measured OCV the more weighted the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process, and the smaller the measured OCV, the weighted the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process.
- the relational expression weighted as described above may be one relational expression or a plurality of relational expressions.
- the range of OCV is divided into a plurality of ranges, and the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the charging process or the relationship between SOC and OCV in the discharging process is determined according to the magnitude of the measured OCV. What is necessary is just to change the ratio close
- FIG. 6 shows an example using two relational expressions created by dividing the OCV range into two as weighted relational expressions.
- the two relational expressions 12 are divided into two by OCV a , and the relational expression 12 weighted to the correlation curve 10 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process, and the discharging process
- the relational expression 12 weighted to the correlation curve 11 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV in FIG.
- the SOC is calculated by introducing the actual OCV into the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV during the charging process.
- the SOC is calculated by introducing the actual OCV into the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharge process.
- the OCV a setting method for dividing the OCV range into two is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 70%, more preferably 40 to 60%, and most preferably 50% of the maximum value of OCV in the charge / discharge process. % OCV may be set.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which one relational expression is used as the weighted relational expression.
- one relational expression 12 is weighted to the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process as the actual OCV increases, and the SOC and OCV in the charging process as the actual OCV decreases.
- the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship is weighted.
- the SOC is calculated by introducing the measured OCV into this relational expression 12.
- the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process is more accurate as the measured OCV is smaller, whereas the error is larger as the measured OCV is larger.
- the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharge process is more accurate as the measured OCV is larger, but the error is smaller as the measured OCV is smaller. growing. Therefore, the relational expression 12 is a correlation curve 11 representing the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process, and the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process.
- the relational expression 12 is expressed by the following expression, for example.
- SOC e ⁇ ⁇ SOC d + (1 ⁇ ) ⁇ SOC c
- SOC e the estimated SOC
- SOC d the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process
- SOC c the charging process.
- the weighting coefficient ⁇ has a value of 0 to 1, and approaches 1 as the actual OCV increases, and approaches 0 as the actual OCV decreases. Therefore, the weighting coefficient ⁇ may be set so as to increase sequentially as the actually measured OCV increases.
- the SOC estimation device 7 of the present embodiment in which the SOC is estimated as described above, in the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process,
- the SOC can be accurately estimated using the measured OCV not only when the secondary battery 2 is being used but also when the secondary battery 2 is used after being suspended.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a correlation curve representing the relationship between the charge amount Q and the OCV of the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process. As shown in FIG. 8, when the secondary battery 2 is charged, the charge amount Q increases as the OCV increases according to the correlation curve 13 representing the relationship between the charge amount Q and the OCV in the charging process.
- the charge amount Q decreases as the OCV decreases according to the correlation curve 14 representing the relationship between the charge amount Q and the OCV in the discharge process.
- a correlation curve representing the relationship between the charge amount Q and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process, and hysteresis occurs.
- the charge quantity Q at each OCV in the charge / discharge process is the correlation curve 13 representing the relation between the charge quantity Q and the OCV in the charge process and the relation between the charge quantity Q and the OCV in the discharge process. It fluctuates in the hysteresis between the correlation curve 14 representing
- the difference ⁇ Q in the charge amount Q at the same OCV in the correlation curve representing the relationship between the OCV and the charge amount Q in the charge process and the discharge process is the difference in the lithium accumulation amount of the negative electrode in the charge / discharge process in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the difference in the amount of accumulated lithium in the negative electrode is considered to be due to the difference in the presence state of lithium as described above.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the charge amount Q difference ⁇ Q and the OCV of the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process.
- the maximum value of ⁇ Q is represented by ⁇ Q max
- the OCV when ⁇ Q max is represented as the threshold OCV.
- the threshold value OCV can be obtained from a graph that is created in advance and represents the relationship between the difference ⁇ Q in the charge amount Q of the secondary battery 2 and the OCV.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a graph in which the relationship between the difference ⁇ Q in the charge amount Q of the secondary battery 2 and the OCV changes as a secondary curve, but a straight line in which ⁇ Q monotonously decreases as the OCV increases. Or a cubic or higher order curve.
- the maximum value of Delta] Q Delta] Q max the OCV when the Delta] Q max may be set to the threshold value OCV. Also, if the Delta] Q max have more than one intermediate plurality of OCV corresponding to a plurality of Delta] Q max may be set to the threshold value OCV.
- weighting is switched at the threshold OCV, and when the measured OCV is smaller than the threshold OCV, the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process is weighted, and the measured OCV is more than the threshold OCV. If larger, the relational expression 12 weighted to the correlation curve 11 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process is used, so that the SOC of the secondary battery 2 can be further increased while considering the resting state of the secondary battery 2. It can be estimated accurately.
- the relational expression 12 is expressed by the following expression, for example.
- SOC e ⁇ / 2 ⁇ SOC d + (1 ⁇ / 2) ⁇ SOC c
- SOC e the estimated SOC
- SOC d the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process
- SOC c the charging process.
- ⁇ is the measured OCV of the correlation curve representing the relationship between the OCV and the charge amount Q in the charging and discharging processes.
- I is a value derived from the maximum value ⁇ Q max of the difference ⁇ Q / ⁇ Q in the charge amount Q at, and is a weighting coefficient having a value of 0 to 1.
- the weighting coefficient ⁇ it is possible to quantify the magnitude of the SOC variation caused by the influence of the presence state of lithium for each measured OCV.
- the relational expression 12 is expressed by the following expression, for example.
- SOC e ⁇ / 2 ⁇ SOC c + (1 ⁇ / 2) ⁇ SOC d
- SOC e , SOC c , SOC d and ⁇ are as defined above.
- the SOC estimation device 7 of the present embodiment in which the SOC is estimated as described above, in the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process, Since the magnitude of the fluctuation of the SOC due to the influence of the presence state of lithium for each measured OCV is quantified, not only when the secondary battery 2 is being used but also when the secondary battery 2 is suspended and started to be used In addition, the SOC can be estimated with higher accuracy by using the actually measured OCV.
- Embodiment 3 a relational expression weighted according to the SOC calculated from the charge amount obtained by integrating the charging current and discharging current of the secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as “calculated SOC”). 12 is different from Embodiments 1 and 2 in that the SOC is estimated using 12. That is, the SOC estimation device 7 of the secondary battery 2 of the present embodiment weights the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process as the calculated SOC increases, and the charging SOC as the calculated SOC decreases.
- a relational expression weighted on the correlation curve 10 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV is used.
- the calculated SOC is weighted because the tendency to follow the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in either the charging process or the discharging process becomes high according to the size as in the actual OCV.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV of the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process.
- the OCV difference ⁇ OCV in the charging / discharging process seen for each predetermined SOC is the presence of lithium in the negative electrode in the charging / discharging process, in particular, the lithium in the inserted state causing the potential fluctuation of the negative electrode It can be paraphrased as a difference in quantity. That is, it is considered that ⁇ OCV has a correlation with the amount of lithium in the inserted state that changes to the bonded state under the condition that the same amount of lithium is present in the negative electrode.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between ⁇ OCV and SOC of the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process.
- the maximum value of ⁇ OCV is represented as ⁇ OCV max
- the SOC when ⁇ OCV max is represented as threshold SOC.
- the threshold SOC can be obtained from a graph representing a relationship between ⁇ OCV and SOC of the secondary battery 2 created in advance.
- ⁇ OCV varies depending on the magnitude of the SOC, and ⁇ OCV becomes maximum at the threshold SOC. When the SOC is higher than the threshold SOC, the change from the inserted lithium to the bonded lithium is accelerated.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a graph in which the relationship between ⁇ OCV and SOC of the secondary battery 2 changes as a secondary curve, but a straight line in which ⁇ OCV monotonously decreases as the SOC increases, and more than the tertiary It can also be a curve.
- the maximum value of ⁇ OCV ⁇ OCV max the SOC when the DerutaOCV max may be set to threshold SOC. Further, when the DerutaOCV max have more than one intermediate plurality of SOC corresponding to a plurality of DerutaOCV max it may be set to threshold SOC.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing OCV fluctuations with respect to the time of the lithium ion secondary battery when the energized current is stopped at the threshold SOC and held without load for a long time in the charging process and discharging process.
- the OCV 20 when the energization is stopped during the charging process and the OCV 21 when the energization is stopped during the discharging process are the average OCV22 that is the average of both. Tend to converge to be close to.
- weighting is switched by the threshold SOC, and when the calculated SOC is smaller than the threshold SOC, the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process is weighted, and the calculated SOC is smaller than the threshold SOC. If larger, the relational expression 12 weighted to the correlation curve 11 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process is used, so that the SOC of the secondary battery 2 can be further increased while considering the resting state of the secondary battery 2. It can be estimated accurately.
- the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process is more accurate as the calculated SOC is smaller than the threshold SOC, whereas the calculated SOC is higher than the threshold SOC.
- the larger the value the larger the error.
- the SOC calculated by introducing the measured OCV into the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharge process is more accurate as the calculated SOC is larger than the threshold SOC, whereas the calculated SOC is The smaller the threshold SOC, the greater the error.
- a weighting coefficient ⁇ that changes two correlation curves, that is, a correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the charging process and a correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the discharging process, according to the magnitude of the calculated SOC.
- a relational expression 12 representing the relationship between the calculated SOC and the synthesized OCV, it is possible to maximize the advantages while negating each other's drawbacks.
- OCV m ⁇ / 2 ⁇ OCV d + (1 ⁇ / 2) ⁇ OCV c
- OCV m a composite OCV in the calculated SOC
- OCV d an OCV calculated by introducing the calculated SOC into the correlation curve 11 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process
- OCV c is the charge
- ⁇ is the calculated SOC of the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process and the discharging process.
- This is a value derived from the maximum value ⁇ OCV max of the OCV difference ⁇ OCV / ⁇ OCV, and is a weighting coefficient having a value of 0 to 1.
- the combined OCV of the relational expression 12 is calculated by the following expression, for example.
- OCV m ⁇ / 2 ⁇ OCV c + (1 ⁇ / 2) ⁇ OCV d
- OCV m , OCV c , OCV d and ⁇ are as defined above.
- a relational expression 12 between the combined OCV and the calculated SOC calculated by the above expression is obtained in advance, and the SOC is estimated by introducing the actual measurement OCV into this relational expression 12.
- the SOC estimation device 7 of the present embodiment in which the SOC is estimated as described above, in the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process, Since the magnitude of the fluctuation of OCV due to the influence of the presence state of lithium for each calculated SOC is quantified, not only when the secondary battery 2 is in use but also when the secondary battery 2 is suspended and started to be used In addition, the SOC can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 13 illustrates the relational expression 12 weighted in the second and third embodiments.
- the relational expression 12 weighted in the second and third embodiments is weighted to the correlation curve 11 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV in the discharge process as the actual OCV or the calculated SOC increases.
- the smaller the measured OCV or the calculated SOC the more weighting is given to the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process.
- Embodiment 4 The battery capacity of the secondary battery 2 decreases due to charging / discharging or aging. This decrease in battery capacity can be expressed using SOH (State Of Health).
- SOH State Of Health
- the shape of the correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV changes as SOH decreases. Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the SOC, it is necessary to consider the decrease in SOH.
- the secondary battery 2 that can improve the SOC estimation accuracy by further adding a condition that reflects the decrease in SOH to the correlation curves used for weighting in the first to third embodiments.
- the SOC estimation device 7 will be described.
- the decrease in SOH is mainly caused by deterioration of various members constituting the secondary battery 2.
- the secondary battery 2 having a negative electrode using hard carbon as a negative electrode active material a part of the graphene layer is broken and divided as the secondary battery 2 is charged / discharged or aged. Therefore, the number of end portions of the graphene layer is increased, and the proportion of lithium in a bonded state is increased as compared with lithium in an inserted state. That is, the change from the inserted lithium to the bonded lithium is promoted by the decrease in SOH.
- the desorption of lithium proceeds preferentially from the lithium in the inserted state, and as the discharge proceeds, the combined state A part of the lithium gradually changes to the inserted lithium.
- the ratio of lithium in the inserted state is smaller than that in the secondary battery 2 in the initial state. Since OCV largely depends on the amount of lithium in the inserted state, in the same SOC, the lower the SOH, the lower the OCV.
- the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is such that the OCV is near the SOC (threshold SOC) where ⁇ OCV (the difference in OCV in the charge / discharge process seen for each predetermined SOC) is maximized.
- ⁇ OCV the difference in OCV in the charge / discharge process seen for each predetermined SOC
- a correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV is obtained in advance for each fixed SOH, and a correlation curve corresponding to the calculated SOH is selected and used.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing a correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV of the secondary battery 2 in the initial state and the secondary battery 2 having a decreased SOH.
- the dotted line is a correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and OCV of the secondary battery 2 in the initial state
- the solid line is a correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV of the secondary battery 2 in which SOH has decreased. It is. As shown in FIG. 14, the secondary battery 2 with a reduced SOH tends to have a lower OCV in the same SOC than the secondary battery 2 in the initial state.
- the OCV increases as the SOC increases from 0% to 100% in accordance with the correlation curve 15 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process.
- the OCV decreases as the SOC decreases from 100% to 0% according to the correlation curve 16 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process.
- the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the charge / discharge process is different, and hysteresis occurs. This is because, even in the case of the secondary battery 2 in which the SOH is lowered, the state change of lithium proceeds by the same mechanism as in the case of the secondary battery 2 in the initial state.
- FIG. 15 shows an example in which one relational expression is used as a relational expression weighted to the correlation curve representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV of the secondary battery 2 in the initial state and the secondary battery 2 in which the SOH is lowered.
- the dotted line is the relational expression 12 weighted in the secondary battery 2 in the initial state
- the solid line is the relational expression 17 weighted in the secondary battery 2 in which the SOH is lowered.
- the relational expression 17 is weighted to the correlation curve 16 representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV in the discharging process as the measured OCV is large
- the correlation curve 15 representing the relation between the SOC and the OCV in the charging process as the measured OCV is small. It is weighted.
- This relational expression 17 it is possible to take into account the effect of a decrease in SOH, so that the SOC can be calculated with high accuracy.
- the weighting method is as described in the first to third embodiments.
- the SOC estimation device 7 of the present embodiment in which the SOC is estimated as described above, in the secondary battery 2 in which the correlation curve representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV is different between the charging process and the discharging process, Since the influence due to the decrease in SOH is taken into consideration, the SOC can be estimated with higher accuracy not only when the secondary battery 2 is being used but also when the secondary battery 2 is suspended and started to be used.
- the relational expression 12 of the first to fourth embodiments varies depending on the battery temperature
- the relational expression 12 is created in advance at each battery temperature, and the battery temperature is measured by the temperature sensor 5 when estimating the SOC. Then, by using the relational expression 12 corresponding to the measured battery temperature, it is possible to improve the SOC estimation accuracy.
- the weighted relational expression 12 in the first to fourth embodiments weights the correlation curve 10 representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the charging process and the correlation curve 11 representing the relation between SOC and OCV in the discharging process for each SOC or OCV.
- weighting may be performed for each representative SOC or OCV, and linear interpolation may be performed between them.
- the SOC estimation device 7 of the first to fourth embodiments immediately after the start of use of the secondary battery 2 Can be solved, and the SOC can be accurately estimated not only when the secondary battery 2 is being used but also when the secondary battery 2 is suspended and started to be used. be able to.
- the SOC estimation apparatus 7 has the above-described features, for example, in an elevator power storage system in which charging / discharging is frequently performed in the daytime and charging / discharging is stopped at nighttime. Suitable for use. Further, it is also suitable for use in transportation equipment such as a vehicle in which frequent charge / discharge and charge / discharge pauses.
- Correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the charging process
- 11 16 Correlation curve representing the relationship between SOC and OCV in the discharge process
- 12 Relational expression 13 Correlation curve representing the relationship between charge amount Q and OCV in the charging process
- 14 Relationship between charge amount Q and OCV in the discharge process Correlation curve to represent, 20 OCV when energization is stopped in the charging process, 21 OCV when energization is stopped in the discharging process, 22 average OCV.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ところが、二次電池の構成材料によっては、SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なるヒステリシス現象が発生する場合がある。そして、このようなヒステリシス現象が発生する場合、実測OCVからSOCを精度良く推定することができないという問題があった。
そこで、特許文献1は、この問題を解決するために、充電から放電に切り替えた際のSOCごとに、SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線を求め、この相関曲線に基づいて実測OCVからSOCを測定する方法を提案している。
また、本発明は、SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なる二次電池のSOC推定装置であって、二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOCが大きいほど放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けし、且つ二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOCが小さいほど充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けした関係式に基づいてSOCを推定する手段を有することを特徴とする二次電池のSOC推定装置である。
図1は、本発明の二次電池のSOC推定装置を含む二次電池システムの構成を示す図である。二次電池システムは、図1に示すように、二次電池2の制御を行うBMU(Battery Management Unit)1と、二次電池2と、二次電池2の端子間電圧を測定する電圧センサ3と、通電電流を測定する電流センサ4と、電池温度を測定する温度センサ5とを備えており、二次電池2の電力を消費又は二次電池2に電力を回生するモータ6に接続されている。この構成中、BMU1が本発明のSOC推定装置を含む。なお、図示していないが、二次電池システムは、二次電池2とモータ6との間に、二次電池2の電圧を昇降圧するコンバータ、直流電流と交流電流とを変換するインバータなどを備えていてもよい。また、二次電池2の数は1つに限定されず、複数の二次電池2を直列、並列又はそれらを組み合わせた電池モジュールとして用いてもよい。このとき、各々の二次電池2について各種情報を測定又は推定してもよいが、複数の二次電池2ごとに各種情報を測定又は推定することで平均化した各種情報を得てもよい。
図3は、SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なる二次電池2のSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線を示すグラフである。図3に示すように、二次電池2の充電を行う場合、充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線10に従い、SOCが0%から100%まで増加するにつれてOCVが上昇する。逆に、二次電池2の放電を行う場合、放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線11に従い、SOCが100%から0%まで低下するにつれてOCVが下降する。充電過程と放電過程とではSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が異なり、ヒステリシスが生じている。
黒鉛を負極活物質として用いた場合、充電時は、カーボンが平面状に結合してなるグラフェン層の間にリチウムが挿入される。一方、ハードカーボンは、黒鉛に比べてグラフェン層が発達していないため、これを負極活物質として用いた場合、グラフェン層の間にリチウムが挿入された状態(以下、「挿入状態」と略す。)、及びグラフェン層の末端のカーボンにリチウムが結合した状態(以下、「結合状態」と略す。)の2種類の状態が混在する。
結合状態のリチウムが多い放電過程のOCVは、同一のSOCで比較すると、充電過程のOCVよりも小さいため、結合状態のリチウムの蓄積量は、負極電位に与える影響が小さく、挿入状態のリチウムの蓄積量が負極電位を変動させると考えられる。
OCVの範囲を2つに分けるOCVaの設定方法としては、特に限定されないが、充放電過程におけるOCVの最大値の、好ましくは30~70%、より好ましくは40~60%、最も好ましくは50%のOCVに設定すればよい。
SOCe=α×SOCd+(1-α)×SOCc
式中、SOCeは推定されるSOCであり、SOCdは放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線11に実測OCVを導入することで算出されたSOCであり、SOCcは充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線10に実測OCVを導入することで算出されたSOCであり、αは重み付け係数である。重み付け係数αは0~1の値を有し、実測OCVが大きいほど1に近くなり、実測OCVが小さいほど0に近くなる。したがって、重み付け係数αを実測OCVが大きくなるにつれて順次大きくするように設定すればよい。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1の関係式12に二次電池2における実際の事象を反映させた条件をさらに加えることにより、SOCの推定精度を高めた関係式12を用いた二次電池2のSOC推定装置7について説明する。
図8は、SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なる二次電池2の電荷量QとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線を示すグラフである。図8に示すように、二次電池2の充電を行う場合、充電過程における電荷量QとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線13に従い、OCVが高くなるにつれて電荷量Qが増加する。逆に、二次電池2の放電を行う場合、放電過程における電荷量QとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線14に従い、OCVが低くなるにつれて電荷量Qが低下する。充電過程と放電過程とでは電荷量QとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が異なり、ヒステリシスが生じている。充放電を繰り返し行った場合、充放電過程における各OCVでの電荷量Qは、充電過程における電荷量QとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線13と、放電過程における電荷量QとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線14との間のヒステリシスの中で変動する。
なお、図9では、二次電池2の電荷量Qの差ΔQとOCVとの関係が二次曲線として変化するグラフの例を示したが、OCVの増加に伴ってΔQが単調に減少する直線、又は三次以上の曲線でもあり得る。ただし、いずれの場合も同様に、ΔQの最大値をΔQmax、ΔQmaxとなる時のOCVを閾値OCVとすればよい。また、ΔQmaxが複数ある場合には、複数のΔQmaxに対応する複数のOCVの中間を閾値OCVとすればよい。
SOCe=β/2×SOCd+(1-β/2)×SOCc
式中、SOCeは推定されるSOCであり、SOCdは放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線11に実測OCVを導入することで算出されたSOCであり、SOCcは充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線10に実測OCVを導入することで算出されたSOCであり、βは充電過程及び放電過程におけるOCVと電荷量Qとの関係を表す相関曲線の実測OCVでの電荷量Qの差ΔQ/ΔQの最大値ΔQmaxから導かれる値であり、0~1の値を有する重み付け係数である。重み付け係数βを用いることにより、実測OCVごとのリチウムの存在状態の影響に起因したSOCの変動の大きさを定量化することが可能となる。
一方、実測OCVが閾値OCVよりも大きい場合、関係式12は、例えば、以下の式によって表される。
SOCe=β/2×SOCc+(1-β/2)×SOCd
式中、SOCe、SOCc、SOCd及びβは上記で定義した通りである。
本実施の形態は、二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOC(以下、「算出SOC」という。)の大きさに応じて重み付した関係式12を用いてSOCを推定する点で実施の形態1及び2と異なる。
すなわち、本実施の形態の二次電池2のSOC推定装置7は、算出SOCが大きいほど放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線11に重み付けし、且つ算出SOCが小さいほど充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線10に重み付けした関係式を用いる。算出SOCは、実測OCVと同様に、その大きさに応じて、充電過程又は放電過程のいずれかのSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に従う傾向が高くなることから、この傾向に重み付した関係式を用いることで、二次電池2の休止状態を考慮しつつ、二次電池2のSOCをより正確に推定できると考えられる。
図10は、SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なる二次電池2のSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線を示すグラフである。
所定のSOCごとに見られる充放電過程におけるOCVの差ΔOCVは、リチウムイオン二次電池の場合、充放電過程における負極のリチウムの存在状態、特に、負極の電位変動の原因となる挿入状態のリチウム量の差と言い換えることができる。すなわち、ΔOCVは、負極に同量のリチウムが存在している条件下で、挿入状態のリチウムが結合状態に変化する量と相関があると考えられる。
なお、図11では、二次電池2のΔOCVとSOCとの関係が二次曲線として変化するグラフの例を示したが、SOCの増加に伴ってΔOCVが単調に減少する直線、及び三次以上の曲線でもあり得る。ただし、いずれの場合も同様に、ΔOCVの最大値をΔOCVmax、ΔOCVmaxとなる時のSOCを閾値SOCとすればよい。また、ΔOCVmaxが複数ある場合には、複数のΔOCVmaxに対応する複数のSOCの中間を閾値SOCとすればよい。
OCVm=γ/2×OCVd+(1-γ/2)×OCVc
式中、OCVmは算出SOCにおける合成OCVであり、OCVdは放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線11に算出SOCを導入することで算出されたOCVであり、OCVcは充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線10に算出SOCを導入することで算出されたOCVであり、γは充電過程及び放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線の算出SOCでのOCVの差ΔOCV/ΔOCVの最大値ΔOCVmaxから導かれる値であり、0~1の値を有する重み付け係数である。重み付け係数γを用いることにより、算出SOCごとのリチウムの存在状態の影響に起因したOCVの変動の大きさを定量化することが可能となる。
OCVm=γ/2×OCVc+(1-γ/2)×OCVd
式中、OCVm、OCVc、OCVd及びγは上記で定義した通りである。
そして、上記の式によって算出される合成OCVと算出SOCとの関係式12を予め求めておき、この関係式12に実測OCVを導入することでSOCが推定される。
二次電池2は、充放電又は経年によって電池容量が低下する。この電池容量の低下はSOH(State Of Health;健全度)を用いて表すことができる。SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線は、SOHの低下に伴い、その形状が変化する。したがって、SOCを精度良く推定するためには、SOHの低下を考慮する必要がある。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1~3において重み付けに使用される相関曲線にSOHの低下を反映させた条件をさらに加えることにより、SOCの推定精度を高めることが可能な二次電池2のSOC推定装置7について説明する。
初期状態の二次電池2(SOHが低下していない二次電池2)では、放電過程において、リチウムの脱離が挿入状態のリチウムから優先的に進行し、放電が進行するにつれて、結合状態のリチウムの一部が挿入状態のリチウムに緩やかに変化する。これに対してSOHが低下した二次電池2では、初期状態の二次電池2に比べて挿入状態のリチウムの割合が少ない。OCVは、挿入状態のリチウムの量に大きく依存するため、同一のSOCでは、SOHの低下が大きいほどOCVが低くなる。
SOH=使用後の電池容量/初期状態の電池容量×100
なお、重み付けの方法は、実施の形態1~3で説明したとおりである。
Claims (8)
- SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なる二次電池のSOC推定装置であって、
実測OCVが大きいほど放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けし、且つ実測OCVが小さいほど充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けした関係式に基づいてSOCを推定する手段を有することを特徴とする二次電池のSOC推定装置。 - 前記SOCを推定する手段は、充電過程及び放電過程におけるOCVと電荷量Qとの関係を表す相関曲線の同一OCVでの電荷量Qの差ΔQが最大となるOCVを閾値OCVとし、実測OCVが閾値OCVよりも小さいほど充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けし、且つ実測OCVが閾値OCVよりも大きいほど放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けした関係式に基づいてSOCを推定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池のSOC推定装置。
- 前記関係式は、実測OCVが閾値OCVよりも小さい場合、以下の式:
SOCe=β/2×SOCd+(1-β/2)×SOCc
(式中、SOCeは推定されるSOCであり、SOCdは放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に実測OCVを導入することで算出されたSOCであり、SOCcは充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に実測OCVを導入することで算出されたSOCであり、βは充電過程及び放電過程におけるOCVと電荷量Qとの関係を表す相関曲線の実測OCVでの電荷量Qの差ΔQ/ΔQの最大値ΔQmaxから導かれる値であり、且つ0~1の値を有する重み付け係数である)によって表され、且つ実測OCVが閾値OCVよりも大きい場合、以下の式:
SOCe=β/2×SOCc+(1-β/2)×SOCd
(式中、SOCe、SOCc、SOCd及びβは上記で定義した通りである)によって表されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の二次電池のSOC推定装置。 - SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線をSOHごとに予め求めておき、重み付けに使用される相関曲線として、算出されたSOHに対応する相関曲線を選択することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池のSOC推定装置。
- SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線が充電過程と放電過程との間で異なる二次電池のSOC推定装置であって、
二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOCが大きいほど放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けし、且つ二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOCが小さいほど充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けした関係式に基づいてSOCを推定する手段を有することを特徴とする二次電池のSOC推定装置。 - 前記SOCを推定する手段は、充電過程及び放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線の同一SOCでのOCVの差ΔOCVが最大となるSOCを閾値SOCとし、二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOCが閾値SOCよりも小さいほど充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けし、且つ二次電池の充電電流及び放電電流を積算して得られた電荷量から算出されたSOCが閾値SOCよりも大きいほど放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に重み付けした関係式に基づいてSOCを推定することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の二次電池のSOC推定装置。
- 算出SOCが閾値SOCよりも小さい場合、以下の式:
OCVm=γ/2×OCVd+(1-γ/2)×OCVc
(式中、OCVmは算出SOCにおける合成OCVであり、OCVdは放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に算出SOCを導入することで算出されたOCVであり、OCVcは充電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線に算出SOCを導入することで算出されたOCVであり、γは充電過程及び放電過程におけるSOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線の算出SOCでのOCVの差ΔOCV/ΔOCVの最大値ΔOCVmaxから導かれる値であり、0~1の値を有する重み付け係数である)によって合成OCVを算出し、且つ算出SOCが閾値SOCよりも大きい場合、以下の式:
OCVm=γ/2×OCVc+(1-γ/2)×OCVd
(式中、OCVm、OCVc、OCVd及びγは上記で定義した通りである)によって合成OCVを算出し、合成OCVと算出SOCとの関係を表す関係式を予め求め、この関係式に実測OCVを導入することでSOCを推定することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の二次電池のSOC推定装置。 - SOCとOCVとの関係を表す相関曲線をSOHごとに予め求めておき、重み付けに使用される相関曲線として、算出されたSOHに対応する相関曲線を選択することを特徴とする請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池のSOC推定装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480076328.XA CN106030325B (zh) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-11-28 | 二次电池的soc推定装置 |
JP2016504999A JP6037369B2 (ja) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-11-28 | 二次電池のsoc推定装置 |
US15/115,794 US10254346B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-11-28 | SOC estimation device for secondary battery |
DE112014006399.1T DE112014006399B4 (de) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-11-28 | Ladezustandschätzvorrichtung für eine Sekundärbatterie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014033633 | 2014-02-25 | ||
JP2014-033633 | 2014-02-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015129117A1 true WO2015129117A1 (ja) | 2015-09-03 |
Family
ID=54008460
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2014/081579 WO2015129117A1 (ja) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-11-28 | 二次電池のsoc推定装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10254346B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6037369B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106030325B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112014006399B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015129117A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017056732A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電池制御装置及び電池システム |
JP2017219404A (ja) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-14 | 日立化成株式会社 | 車両およびその電池状態検知システム |
JP2018189398A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池システム |
US10761143B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-09-01 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Storage amount estimation device, energy storage module, storage amount estimation method, and computer program |
JP2021502545A (ja) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-01-28 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | バッテリー管理装置及び方法 |
JP2022545549A (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-10-27 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー管理システム、バッテリーパック、電気車両及びバッテリー管理方法 |
CN115291123A (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-04 | 伏达半导体(合肥)有限公司 | 用于表征多个电池单元的方法、电池参数估算装置和方法 |
CN117665597A (zh) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 云储新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂电池ocv估值方法、系统、电子设备及介质 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160178706A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | National Chung Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Method and apparatus of detecting states of battery |
KR101847685B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-28 | 2018-04-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리의 상태 추정 장치 및 방법 |
CN106340689A (zh) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-01-18 | 上海航天电源技术有限责任公司 | 一种电池组系统容量自学习的方法 |
JP6406468B1 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-17 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電量推定装置、蓄電モジュール、蓄電量推定方法、及びコンピュータプログラム |
EP3605125A4 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-04-08 | GS Yuasa International Ltd. | STORED ELECTRICITY QUANTITY DEVICE, ELECTRICITY STORAGE MODULE, STORED ELECTRICITY QUANTITY ESTIMATION METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM |
JP6939057B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-27 | 2021-09-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車載の電池システムおよび電池の経年劣化推定方法 |
JP6406470B1 (ja) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-10-17 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 管理装置、蓄電モジュール、管理方法、及びコンピュータプログラム |
US10380418B2 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-08-13 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Iris recognition based on three-dimensional signatures |
KR102458526B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-07 | 2022-10-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리의 동작 상태에 따라 soc를 추정하는 장치 및 방법 |
JP2020038146A (ja) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池システムおよび二次電池のsoc推定方法 |
CN109900937B (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-12-08 | 河南科技大学 | 一种具有温度补偿功能的锂电池电荷状态估算方法 |
EP3751299B1 (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2023-08-09 | Volvo Car Corporation | Detecting latent faults within a cell of an energy storage system |
CN110967636B (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电池的荷电状态修正方法、装置、系统和存储介质 |
CN110967647B (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-11-17 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 荷电状态修正方法及装置 |
KR20210028476A (ko) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 배터리 충전 장치 및 방법 |
CN112034351B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2024-07-26 | 厦门科灿信息技术有限公司 | 电池剩余容量确定方法及终端设备 |
JP2022145273A (ja) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-10-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 二次電池の状態推定装置 |
CN113466697B (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2024-02-27 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | 电池的soc估算方法、计算机终端和存储介质 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004085269A (ja) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-18 | Yazaki Corp | バッテリ充電状態測定方法及び装置 |
JP2009519469A (ja) * | 2005-12-13 | 2009-05-14 | コバシス, エルエルシー | バッテリ充電状態の電圧ヒステリシス推定器 |
WO2011090020A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-28 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 二次電池の充電状態測定装置及び二次電池の充電状態測定方法 |
JP2014025739A (ja) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-06 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電池状態推定装置 |
WO2014080595A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-30 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電池管理装置および電源装置 |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3806578B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-22 | 2006-08-09 | スズキ株式会社 | バッテリ残存容量推定装置 |
JP2003168489A (ja) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-13 | Yuasa Corp | アルカリ蓄電池の充放電状態の検知方法 |
US7324902B2 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2008-01-29 | General Motors Corporation | Method and apparatus for generalized recursive least-squares process for battery state of charge and state of health |
US7554295B2 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2009-06-30 | Cobasys, Llc | Determination of IR-free voltage in hybrid vehicle applications |
US7375497B2 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2008-05-20 | Cobasys, Llc | State of charge tracking system for battery systems |
US7107161B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-09-12 | Research In Motion Limited | Method and system for accurately reporting battery capacity |
JP4544273B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-09-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用電源装置および車両用電源装置における蓄電装置の充電状態推定方法 |
KR100985667B1 (ko) * | 2007-08-22 | 2010-10-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 개방전압 추정장치, 이를 이용한 배터리 충전상태추정장치 및 그 제어 방법 |
US7957921B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2011-06-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Model-based estimation of battery hysteresis |
KR100970841B1 (ko) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-07-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 전압 거동을 이용한 배터리 용량 퇴화 추정 장치 및방법 |
JP5447658B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-09 | 2014-03-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池の劣化判定装置および劣化判定方法 |
US9726732B2 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2017-08-08 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Adaptive battery parameter extraction and SOC estimation for lithium-ion battery |
JP5395006B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-22 | 2014-01-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電池制御システムとその制御方法並びに電池システム |
JP2012042429A (ja) | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 蓄電装置の開路電圧検出装置および残容量検出装置 |
JP5287844B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-27 | 2013-09-11 | 株式会社デンソー | 二次電池の残存容量演算装置 |
JP5866987B2 (ja) | 2011-11-10 | 2016-02-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 二次電池の制御装置およびsoc検出方法 |
JP2013158087A (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 蓄電システム及び充電状態推定方法 |
WO2013141100A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-26 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電池状態推定装置 |
JP5819789B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 | 2015-11-24 | ダイアトップ株式会社 | 刈払機用アタッチメント |
JP2014059206A (ja) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-04-03 | Toyota Industries Corp | 充電状態推定装置及び充電状態推定方法 |
CN102930173B (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2016-07-06 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池荷电状态在线估算方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-11-28 CN CN201480076328.XA patent/CN106030325B/zh active Active
- 2014-11-28 WO PCT/JP2014/081579 patent/WO2015129117A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-11-28 JP JP2016504999A patent/JP6037369B2/ja active Active
- 2014-11-28 DE DE112014006399.1T patent/DE112014006399B4/de active Active
- 2014-11-28 US US15/115,794 patent/US10254346B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004085269A (ja) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-18 | Yazaki Corp | バッテリ充電状態測定方法及び装置 |
JP2009519469A (ja) * | 2005-12-13 | 2009-05-14 | コバシス, エルエルシー | バッテリ充電状態の電圧ヒステリシス推定器 |
WO2011090020A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-28 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 二次電池の充電状態測定装置及び二次電池の充電状態測定方法 |
JP2014025739A (ja) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-06 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電池状態推定装置 |
WO2014080595A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-30 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電池管理装置および電源装置 |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017056732A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電池制御装置及び電池システム |
JPWO2017056732A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-03-22 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電池制御装置及び電池システム |
JP2017219404A (ja) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-14 | 日立化成株式会社 | 車両およびその電池状態検知システム |
JP2018189398A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池システム |
US10761143B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-09-01 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Storage amount estimation device, energy storage module, storage amount estimation method, and computer program |
JP2021502545A (ja) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-01-28 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | バッテリー管理装置及び方法 |
JP2022545549A (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-10-27 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー管理システム、バッテリーパック、電気車両及びバッテリー管理方法 |
JP7408781B2 (ja) | 2019-12-11 | 2024-01-05 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー管理システム、バッテリーパック、電気車両及びバッテリー管理方法 |
US12040647B2 (en) | 2019-12-11 | 2024-07-16 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Battery management system, battery pack, electric vehicle, and battery management method |
CN115291123A (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-04 | 伏达半导体(合肥)有限公司 | 用于表征多个电池单元的方法、电池参数估算装置和方法 |
CN115291123B (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-03-07 | 伏达半导体(合肥)股份有限公司 | 用于表征多个电池单元的方法、电池参数估算装置和方法 |
CN117665597A (zh) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 云储新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂电池ocv估值方法、系统、电子设备及介质 |
CN117665597B (zh) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-04-12 | 云储新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂电池ocv估值方法、系统、电子设备及介质 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112014006399B4 (de) | 2019-03-21 |
DE112014006399T5 (de) | 2016-12-22 |
US10254346B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
JP6037369B2 (ja) | 2016-12-07 |
CN106030325A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
US20170010327A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
JPWO2015129117A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
CN106030325B (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6037369B2 (ja) | 二次電池のsoc推定装置 | |
JP6822300B2 (ja) | 充電率推定方法および車載の電池システム | |
US9899847B2 (en) | Battery system configured to set and reduce an upper limit power value that is discharged from an alkali secondary battery | |
KR101850602B1 (ko) | 리튬 이온 이차 전지의 제어 장치 및 차량 | |
KR101809838B1 (ko) | 리튬 이온 이차 전지의 열화도 산출 방법, 제어 방법 및 제어 장치 | |
JP6496496B2 (ja) | 電力貯蔵システムおよびその制御方法 | |
US10677850B2 (en) | State of charge estimation method and state of charge estimation apparatus | |
JP6500789B2 (ja) | 二次電池の制御システム | |
JP5738784B2 (ja) | 蓄電システム | |
JP2009264962A (ja) | 二次電池の残存容量推定方法及び装置 | |
JP2012253975A (ja) | アルカリ蓄電池の充放電制御方法および充放電システム | |
WO2012053075A1 (ja) | 蓄電デバイスの状態検知方法及びその装置 | |
JP2019106285A (ja) | 二次電池システムおよび二次電池の活物質の応力推定方法 | |
JP2019219389A (ja) | 推定装置、蓄電装置、推定方法、及びコンピュータプログラム | |
US10193195B2 (en) | Charging condition control apparatus and battery pack | |
JP2010011708A (ja) | 電池パックの充電制御方法、放電制御方法および充放電システム | |
JP2008060020A (ja) | 蓄電制御装置及び蓄電制御方法 | |
JP5867373B2 (ja) | 電池システムおよび、リチウムイオン二次電池の内部抵抗の推定方法 | |
JP2019057357A (ja) | 二次電池システム | |
JP2015061426A (ja) | 二次電池システムおよびその制御方法ならびにプログラム | |
JP2019160662A (ja) | 二次電池の劣化推定装置 | |
JP2018137109A (ja) | 寿命推定装置 | |
JP2006352970A (ja) | 電源デバイスの制御装置 | |
JP6624035B2 (ja) | 電池システム | |
JP2009181910A (ja) | アルカリ蓄電池の充放電制御方法および充放電制御システム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14883586 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016504999 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15115794 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 112014006399 Country of ref document: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 14883586 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |