WO2015118789A1 - ペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体及びその製造方法並びにそれを含む医薬組成物 - Google Patents
ペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体及びその製造方法並びにそれを含む医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015118789A1 WO2015118789A1 PCT/JP2014/084374 JP2014084374W WO2015118789A1 WO 2015118789 A1 WO2015118789 A1 WO 2015118789A1 JP 2014084374 W JP2014084374 W JP 2014084374W WO 2015118789 A1 WO2015118789 A1 WO 2015118789A1
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- peptide
- polynucleotide
- glucan
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex, a method for producing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same.
- the basic principle of vaccine infection prevention is to induce acquired immunity by artificial pseudo-infection, and to induce antibody production and cellular immunity against specific pathogens.
- acquired immunity T cells and B cells responsible for “memory” of immunity play a central role, and the diversity of antibody variable regions due to DNA reconstitution results in specific immune responses to countless antigens. It is known to make it possible.
- innate immunity in which phagocytic cells such as leukocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells play a central role, has traditionally been a non-specific process of phagocytosing pathogens and foreign substances.
- TLR Toll-like receptor
- CpG DNA DNA having a CpG sequence
- CpG DNA DNA having a CpG sequence
- the CpG sequence is a sequence based on 6 bases in which cytosine (C) and guanine (G) are arranged in the center, and is a base sequence that is rare in mammals and often found in microorganisms. In mammals, most CpG sequences present in a small number are methylated. An unmethylated CpG sequence hardly present in mammals has a strong immunostimulatory activity (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- CpG DNA taken into cells by endocytosis is recognized by TLR9 present in the phagosome-like endoplasmic reticulum and strongly induces a Th1 reaction.
- the Th1 reaction has a strong antitumor activity while suppressing an allergic reaction that is predominantly a Th2 reaction. Therefore, CpG DNA is expected as an adjuvant for allergic diseases and neoplastic diseases in addition to infection prevention (see Non-Patent Document 4, for example).
- CpG DNA when used as an adjuvant for immunotherapy, how CpG DNA can reach the target cell while avoiding degradation by nucleases in the cytoplasm and plasma and nonspecific binding to proteins. It becomes a problem.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan forms a new type of complex with various nucleic acids including nucleic acid drugs (antisense DNA, CpG DNA) (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2; Reference 5-7).
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan that exists in triplicate in nature is dissolved in an aprotic polar organic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or an alkaline solution of 0.1 N or more to be dissociated into a single strand.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- alkaline solution of 0.1 N or more alkaline solution of 0.1 N or more to be dissociated into a single strand.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- alkaline solution of 0.1 N or more alkaline solution of 0.1 N or more
- a triple helix complex composed of one nucleic acid molecule and two ⁇ -1,3-glucan molecules was formed by adding a single-stranded nucleic acid and returning the solvent to water or neutrality.
- the ⁇ -1,3-glucan molecule and the nucleic acid molecule in the triple helix complex form an intermolecular bond mainly by a hydrogen bond and a hydrophobic interaction (non-patent
- nucleic acid molecules and in vivo proteins such as hydrolysis of nucleic acid molecules by nucleases and non-specific binding between plasma proteins and nucleic acids by complexing nucleic acids with ⁇ -1,3-glucan It was possible to allow nucleic acids to reach the inside of cells while suppressing undesirable interactions with.
- Successful delivery of CpG DNA into cells using a complex of ⁇ -1,3-glucan and a nucleic acid, and further a ternary complex containing an antigenic protein for example, Patent Document 3, 4, see Non-Patent Documents 9 to 11).
- Dectin-1 targeting delivery of TNF- ⁇ antisense ODNs complexed with ⁇ -1,3-glucan protects mice from LPS-induced hepatitis.
- a Polysaccharide Carrier for Immunostimulatory CpG DNAs to Enhance Cytokine Secretion M. Mizu, K.
- the above conventional techniques have the following problems.
- the ⁇ -1,3-glucan side is obtained by periodate oxidation.
- a formyl group is generated on the glucose residue of the chain, and the formyl group is reacted with the amino group of a peptide having antigenicity (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “antigenic peptide”) by reductive amination reaction.
- antigenic peptide a peptide having antigenicity
- the side chain has a formyl group.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan and antigenic peptide are reacted in an alkaline aqueous solution and neutralized at the same time, or reacted in an alkaline aqueous solution to carry out sequential neutralization, thereby allowing ⁇ -1,3-glucan to react.
- the reactivity and yield of the formyl group on the side chain and the amino group of the antigenic peptide are improved.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex having excellent productivity and high immunostimulatory activity, a method for producing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. With the goal.
- a first aspect of the present invention that meets the above-mentioned object includes a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton and an antigenic peptide chemically bound to the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton.
- the above-described problems are solved by providing a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex characterized by the above.
- the “chemical bond” includes not only a covalent bond and a coordination bond, which are intramolecular bonds, but also an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond and a van der Waals bond constituting a molecular group or an atomic group.
- the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton is any one of schizophyllan, lentinan, scleroglucan and curdlan. Preferably there is.
- polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative of the peptide / polynucleotide conjugate binds to the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton via a hydrogen bond, and the molecule of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative
- a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan having a triple helix structure comprising one chain and two polysaccharide molecular chains having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton
- the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton is any one of schizophyllan, lentinan, scleroglucan and curdlan. Preferably there is.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative may be polydeoxyadenosine.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative is a polynucleotide in which at least a part of a phosphodiester bond of DNA or RNA is substituted with a phosphorothioate group. It is preferably a nucleotide derivative.
- 50% or more of the phosphodiester bond may be substituted with a phosphorothioate group.
- the antigenic peptide constituting the peptide / polynucleotide conjugate and the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative are alkynes.
- the third aspect of the present invention is produced by either a cycloaddition reaction between a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton, an alkyne and an azide derivative, or a reaction between a maleimide group or a vinylsulfone group and a thiol group. And a peptide having antigenicity bound to a glucose residue on the main chain or side chain of the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton through a covalent bond.
- the above-mentioned problems are solved by providing a 1,3-glucan complex.
- the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton is any one of schizophyllan, lentinan, scleroglucan and curdlan. Preferably there is.
- a polynucleotide or a polynucleotide derivative having a partial base sequence having immunostimulatory activity in the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first to third aspects of the present invention.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative is bound to the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton via a hydrogen bond, and one molecular chain of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative and the ⁇
- a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex characterized in that it forms a complex having a triple helix structure consisting of two polysaccharide molecular chains having a -1,3-glucan skeleton.
- the part of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative that forms the complex having the triple helical structure is polydeoxyadenosine. Is preferred.
- the part of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative that forms the complex having the triple helix structure is a DNA or RNA phospho
- a polynucleotide derivative in which at least a part of the diester bond is substituted with a phosphorothioate group is preferable.
- a DNA or RNA phospho 50% or more of the diester bonds may be substituted with phosphorothioate groups.
- a peptide / polynucleotide conjugate bound via a covalent bond produced by any of the reaction of a thiol group with a thiol group of a cysteine residue at the peptide C-terminus and a thiol group of a thiol-modified nucleic acid
- a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative of the peptide / polynucleotide conjugate binds to the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton through a hydrogen bond, and one molecular chain of the polynucleotide or polynucleot
- a method for producing a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex forming a complex having a triple helix structure, wherein separation of the peptide / polynucleotide conjugate by liquid chromatography is carried out in the presence of a chelating agent is carried out in the presence of a chelating agent.
- a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative having a partial base sequence having immunostimulatory activity and the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first to third aspects of the present invention.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative binds to a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton via a hydrogen bond, and the polynucleotide or polynucleotide Even if a polynucleotide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex having a triple helix structure composed of one molecular chain of a derivative and two molecular chains of a polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton is formed. Good.
- the polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton constituting the polynucleotide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex is selected from the group consisting of schizophyllan, lentinan and sclerotio. It is preferably one of glucan and curdlan.
- the seventh aspect of the present invention solves the above problem by providing a pharmaceutical composition containing the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
- the binding mode between ⁇ -1,3-glucan and antigenic peptide can be changed between ⁇ -1,3-glucan and Since it can be selected from covalent bonds with antigenic peptides, hydrogen bonds between ⁇ -1,3-glucans and polynucleotides or polynucleotide derivatives of peptide / polynucleotide conjugates, a wide range of ⁇ -1,3-glucans and For antigenic peptide combinations, peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complexes can be obtained.
- any of a cycloaddition reaction between an alkyne and an azide derivative, or a reaction between a maleimide group and a thiol group (Michael addition reaction)
- the reaction can proceed rapidly and efficiently even in a polar solvent containing water. Therefore, a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex can be obtained in a high yield in a short time, and the labor required for isolation and purification can be reduced. Therefore, the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex of the present invention is excellent in productivity and can be produced at low cost.
- the induction of an immune response specific to the antigenic peptide is more effective than when the antigenic peptide is used alone. It can be carried out.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex of the present invention is used in combination with a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative having a partial base sequence having immunostimulatory activity, or a partial base sequence having immunostimulatory activity is used.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative further comprising a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative bound to ⁇ -1,3-glucan via a hydrogen bond, and one molecular chain of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative and ⁇ -1
- a peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex that forms a complex having a triple helix structure composed of two molecular chains of, 3-glucan, the immune response is induced more effectively. be able to.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex of the present invention has a more specific immune response with respect to a wide range of antigenic peptides than when the antigenic peptide is used alone. Can be guided effectively. Therefore, application as a vaccine or an immunostimulant can be expected.
- Example 1 It is the chemical structure of dA40 (S) (alkyne) and OVA (N3) in Example 1.
- 2 is an HPLC chromatogram showing the results of producing an antigenic peptide / polynucleotide conjugate in Example 1.
- 2 is a gel electrophoresis photograph showing the result of conjugation of antigenic peptide-dA40 (S) and SPG in Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing the results of quantifying the amount of antigenic peptide-specific IFN- ⁇ produced by stimulating spleen cells of mice immunized with each sample with antigenic peptides in Example 3.
- 6 is a gel electrophoresis photograph showing the results of preparation of a peptide / CpG / SPG ternary complex in Example 5.
- 6 is a graph showing the results of quantifying the amount of antigenic peptide-specific IFN- ⁇ produced by stimulating spleen cells of mice immunized with each sample with antigenic peptides in Example 6.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first embodiment of the present invention has an antigenicity with a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton ( ⁇ -1,3-glucan).
- Peptides (antigenic peptides) include polynucleotide / polynucleotide derivatives and peptide / polynucleotide conjugates linked via covalent bonds.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative of the peptide / polynucleotide conjugate binds to ⁇ -1,3-glucan via a hydrogen bond, and one molecular chain of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative and the ⁇ -1,3 -A complex having a triple helix structure composed of two molecular chains of glucan is formed.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan has a triple helical structure consisting of one molecular chain of a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative and two molecular chains of ⁇ -1,3-glucan. Any type and molecular weight can be used without particular limitation as long as the complex can be formed.
- a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton has a helical parameter similar to a nucleic acid such as poly (C) (for example, Takahashi, Kominato, Suzuki, Prog. Polym. Phys. Jpn.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan include schizophyllan, curdlan, lentinan, pachyman, glyforan, scleroglucan and the like. These are natural polysaccharides whose main chains are linked by ⁇ -linkages ( ⁇ -D-linkages) and have different side chain frequencies. These ⁇ -1,3-glucans may be used as they are without undergoing treatment such as chemical modification, but their solubility can be reduced by thinning out their side chains appropriately using a normal periodate oxidation method. It can also be controlled.
- the molecular weight of ⁇ -1,3-glucan is appropriately adjusted according to the base sequence and base length of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative contained in the peptide / nucleotide conjugate.
- the so-called cluster effect polymeric cooperative phenomenon
- the weight average molecular weight (per molecular chain) of ⁇ -1,3-glucan capable of forming a complex with a nucleic acid varies depending on the type of nucleobase and the higher order structure, but preferably 2000 or more, Preferably it is 4000 or more, More preferably, it is 6000 or more.
- the number of hydroxyl groups that form hydrogen bonds with nucleobases on the polynucleotide is usually 5 or more, preferably 8 or more, and more preferably 10 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of ⁇ -1,3-glucan can be determined by using any known method such as a light scattering method, a sedimentation velocity method (ultracentrifugation method) or the like.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan is generally produced by fungi and eubacteria, after culturing these microorganisms, the cells are homogenized, and impurities such as cell elution and insoluble residues are used to obtain ultracentrifugation and other methods. It can be obtained by isolation.
- the ⁇ -1,3-glucan thus obtained has a high molecular weight (weight average molecular weight of several hundreds of thousands) and a triple helical structure. If necessary, the molecular weight may be lowered.
- the molecular weight reduction is carried out by appropriately selecting appropriate methods and conditions from enzymatic degradation, acid hydrolysis, etc. according to the type of ⁇ -1,3-glucan and the desired molecular weight. For example, in the case of schizophyllan, single-chain schizophyllan having various molecular weights can be obtained by hydrolysis with 80% DMSO-sulfuric acid.
- a peptide / polynucleotide conjugate is a complex in which an antigenic peptide and a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative are bound via a covalent bond.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative bound to the antigenic peptide forms a complex having a triple helix structure with ⁇ -1,3-glucan, so that the antigenic peptide and ⁇ -1 , Plays a role in binding 3-glucan.
- antigenic peptide may be used as long as it has antigenicity, that is, it is recognized as a foreign substance in the immune system of the living body and causes specific antibody production (induces an immune response).
- Those having the amino acid sequence and the number of amino acid residues can be used without particular limitation.
- the antigenic peptide used for producing the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the present embodiment include proteins that cause allergies such as food allergies, pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, tumor cells, and the like.
- proteins of origin those having a partial amino acid sequence that can act as an epitope can be mentioned.
- the number of amino acid residues constituting the antigenic peptide is not particularly limited as long as it can act as an epitope, but in many cases it is in the range of 5 to 30, and most of it is in the range of about 8 to 17. .
- the antigenic peptide can be obtained using any known method such as enzymatic degradation of the protein of origin, peptide synthesis and the like.
- the amino acid sequence of the antigenic peptide can be determined using any known method such as epitope analysis using a peptide array.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative to be bound to the antigenic peptide has an arbitrary base sequence and number of bases as long as a complex having a triple helix structure can be formed with ⁇ -1,3-glucan.
- the polynucleotide or derivative thereof can be used without particular limitation.
- Specific examples of the polynucleotide include polyriboadenylic acid (polyA), polyribocytidylic acid (polyC), polydeoxyriboadenylic acid (poly (dA)), polydeoxyribothymidylic acid (polyA) having high binding ability to ⁇ -1,3-glucan (polyA). poly (dT)).
- the number of bases of the polynucleotide is not particularly limited as long as it can form a complex having a triple helix structure with ⁇ -1,3-glucan as described above, but in order to improve the complex forming ability, Nucleotides are polyriboadenylic acid (polyA), polyribocytidylic acid (polyC), polydeoxyriboadenylic acid (poly (dA)), polydeoxyribothymidylic acid (poly (dT)) having high binding ability to ⁇ -1,3-glucan It is preferable to have any of the repeating sequences.
- the types of bases and nucleotides constituting the repetitive sequence and the number of bases are appropriately determined according to the length of the ribonucleotide portion, the type and molecular weight of ⁇ -1,3-glucan used.
- the polydeoxynucleotide moiety preferably has a poly (dA) sequence as a repeating sequence.
- the length of the repetitive sequence is that if the number of bases is small, it is difficult to form a triple helix structure by hydrogen bonding with ⁇ -1,3-glucan, so the number of bases must be 10 or more. 80 is preferable, and 30 to 80 is more preferable.
- polynucleotide derivatives may be used in place of polynucleotides in order to improve in vivo stability.
- examples of polynucleotide derivatives include those in which all or part of the 2′-position hydroxyl group of ribonucleotide is substituted with fluorine or methoxy group, polyribonucleotide (RNA) or polydeoxyribonucleotide (DNA) phosphodiester And those in which all or part of the group is substituted with a phosphorothioate group.
- the phosphodiester group of the polyribonucleotide or polydeoxyribonucleotide is substituted with a phosphorothioate group, it is preferable that 50% or more of the phosphodiester bond is substituted with a phosphorothioate group.
- the position of the phosphodiester group substituted with the phosphorothioate group is not particularly limited, and a plurality of consecutive phosphodiester groups may be substituted, or the phosphorothioate groups may be substituted so as not to be adjacent to each other.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative may be bound to any of the N-terminus, C-terminus, or side chain of the antigenic peptide. Both may be directly bonded by a reaction between appropriate reactive functional groups, or may be bonded via an appropriate spacer.
- the reactive functional group the functional group present in the antigenic peptide and the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative may be used as it is or by chemical modification, but an appropriate reactive functional group is introduced. Also good.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative may be bound to the antigenic peptide at the 5 ′ end side or may be bound to the 3 ′ end side.
- a preferred peptide / polynucleotide conjugate is a polynucleotide in which phosphorothioated polydeoxyadenylic acid (phosphodiester group of polyA is substituted with a phosphorothioate group on the C-terminal side of the peptide, as shown in the following formula (A) Derivative) has a structure bonded to the 5 ′ end side.
- dA (S) represents phosphorothioated deoxyadenylic acid
- x is an integer of 20 to 80, for example.
- X represents a functional group formed by a reaction between spacers or reactive functional groups.
- the spacer include an alkyl group and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- combinations of reactive functional groups include, for example, combinations of reactive functional groups used for immobilizing biomolecules on the surface of a biochip, and more specifically, those shown below.
- Alkyne and Azide Compound An alkyne and an azide compound (azide) form a 1,2,3-triazole ring by the following cycloaddition reaction (Fisgen reaction). Both are stable functional groups that can be introduced into many organic compounds, including biomolecules, react quickly and almost quantitatively in solvents containing water, with few side reactions and no extra waste. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of biochemistry as a central reaction of so-called “click chemistry”. Alkyne derivatives and azide groups can be introduced into antigenic peptides or polynucleotides or polynucleotide derivatives using any known method.
- alkyne derivatives those having reactive functional groups such as propargyl alcohol and propargylamine are readily available, and these are reacted directly with reactive functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, or reacted with carbonyldiimidazole and the like.
- the alkyne derivative can be introduced through the amide bond, ester bond, urethane bond, and the like that are generated.
- An azido group can also be introduced into an antigenic peptide or polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative using any known method.
- the Huisgen reaction is carried out in the presence of a copper catalyst, but the antigenic peptide and the polynucleotide derivative in which the phosphodiester group is substituted with a sulfur-containing functional group such as a phosphorothioate group have a sulfur atom coordinated to the copper ion. Since there exists, there exists a possibility that the catalytic activity of copper may fall. It is preferable to add an excessive amount of copper in order to improve the reaction rate.
- the thiol group of the cysteine residue side chain can be used.
- cysteine is an amino acid having a low abundance ratio
- cysteine introduced into the C-terminal side of the antigenic peptide is used.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative containing a thiol group a thiolated polynucleotide obtained by converting these 5′-terminal hydroxyl groups into thiol groups is used.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan such as schizophyllan usually has a triple helical structure in water. Therefore, in order to form a complex with a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative, it is dissolved in a solvent such as DMSO, and the association state due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction is released to form a single strand.
- a solvent such as DMSO
- an aqueous solution containing a polynucleotide or a solution of a polar solvent such as alcohol
- the polynucleotide and ⁇ -1,3-glucan are separated from each other by hydrophobic interaction as the solvent polarity increases.
- the association of the polynucleotide and the polysaccharide is formed within and between the molecules while associating and taking in the molecular chain of the polynucleotide.
- a complex having a triple helix structure composed of one molecule of polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative and two molecules of ⁇ -1,3-glucan molecule is formed.
- the formation of the complex can be confirmed by examining the conformational change, for example, by measuring a CD (circular dichroism) spectrum.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the second embodiment of the present invention comprises a cycloaddition reaction between a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton, an alkyne and an azide derivative, a maleimide group
- antigenicity bound to a glucose residue on the main chain or side chain of a polysaccharide having a pre- ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton through a covalent bond formed by either a reaction of a vinyl sulfone group and a thiol group
- the peptide / ⁇ according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used. Since it is the same as that used for the production of the 1,3-glucan complex, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan and the antigenic peptide are bound via a covalent bond formed by either a cycloaddition reaction between an alkyne and an azide derivative or a reaction between a maleimide group or a vinylsulfone group and a thiol group. Yes.
- the antigenic peptide may be bound to either the main chain or the side chain glucose residue of the ⁇ -1,3-glucan molecule, but in consideration of steric hindrance, it binds to the side chain glucose residue. It is preferable.
- the antigenic peptide may be bound at either the N-terminal side or the C-terminal side, or may be bound at the side chain, but in consideration of steric hindrance upon contact with the antigen-presenting cell, It is preferably bound to ⁇ -1,3-glucan on the N-terminal side or C-terminal side.
- peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex for introduction of alkyne derivative and azide group into ⁇ -1,3-glucan and antigenic peptide, peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex in the production of peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- any known method can be used.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first or second embodiment of the present invention described above.
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan in the antigenic peptide, ⁇ -1,3-glucan, polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative used for the production of the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the present embodiment The portion that binds to a hydrogen bond via a hydrogen bond is the same as that used for the production of the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention, Description is omitted.
- partial nucleotide sequences having immunostimulatory activity in polynucleotides or polynucleotide derivatives include bacteria that activate immunity by “bridging” natural immunity and acquired immunity through recognition by TLR9.
- examples thereof include viral genomic RNA and artificial RNA that activate immunity through recognition by (RLR).
- a hybrid of the RNA or DNA having a partial base sequence having the immunostimulatory activity described above and a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative having a partial base sequence that binds to ⁇ -1,3-glucan via a hydrogen bond is any It can be obtained or synthesized using known methods.
- the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative is a chimeric nucleic acid in which the 5 ′ end of RNA is bound to the 3 ′ end of DNA, the phosphodiester bond between RNA and DNA is particularly susceptible to degradation.
- the hydroxyl group at the 2 ′ position in the 5 ′ terminal nucleotide of RNA bound to DNA is substituted with a methoxy group or a fluoro group and / or the 3 ′ position of the first ribonucleotide bound to DNA and the RNA adjacent thereto It is preferable to improve the resistance to hydrolysis by derivatizing the phosphodiester group between the 5′-position and the phosphorothioate group.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the present embodiment is produced by any of the following methods.
- (1) The ⁇ -1,3-glucan, peptide / nucleotide conjugate and polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative described above are used in the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the composite is made using the same method as the production method.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex and the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative according to the second embodiment of the present invention are combined with the peptide / ⁇ -1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the complex is made using a method similar to the method for producing the 3-glucan complex.
- a pharmaceutical composition (hereinafter abbreviated as “pharmaceutical composition”) according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention comprises a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative having a partial base sequence having immunostimulatory activity, ⁇ -1 , A 3-glucan skeleton and a molecular chain of a polynucleotide or a polynucleotide derivative, and two molecular chains of a polysaccharide having the ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex according to the third embodiment is included.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3 in the polynucleotide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex, the peptide / ⁇ -1,3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used except that a nucleotide or a polynucleotide derivative is used instead of the peptide / nucleotide conjugate. -Manufactured using the same method as the glucan complex.
- the pharmaceutical composition in addition to the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex and the polynucleotide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex as active ingredients, any known component (acceptable for pharmaceutical use). Any carriers, excipients and additives) and formulation methods can be used.
- the pharmaceutical composition can take the form of tablets, suppositories, capsules, syrups, microcapsules such as nanogels, sterile liquids, injections such as suspensions, aerosols, sprays, and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be administered to humans or warm-blooded animals (mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, horse, chicken, cat, dog, monkey, etc.) by either oral or parenteral routes.
- parenteral administration routes include subcutaneous, intradermal and intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal administration, infusion, spraying on the nasal mucosa and pharynx, and the like.
- the dose of the active ingredient peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex and polynucleotide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex is determined depending on the activity, the disease to be treated, the type of animal to be administered, the body weight, It varies according to sex, age, severity of disease, administration method and the like. Taking an adult with a body weight of 60 kg as an example, in the case of oral administration, the daily dose is usually about 0.1 to about 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to about 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to about 20 mg. In the case of parenteral administration, the daily dose is usually about 0.01 to about 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to about 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mg. When administered to other animals, the dose obtained by converting the above dose to a dose per unit body weight and multiplying by the body weight of the animal to be administered is used.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be used as a vaccine for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by activating immunity and tumors such as cancer.
- Example 1 Preparation of Antigenic Peptide / Polynucleotide Conjugate
- a polynucleotide derivative (hereinafter referred to as “dA40”) having a structure in which all phosphoric diester bonds in deoxyadenine 40-mer are replaced with phosphorothioate bonds.
- OVA ovalbumin
- S alkyne on the 5 'side
- OVA ovalbumin
- An antigenic peptide with an antigenic peptide (hereinafter referred to as “OVA (N3)”) (purchased from Gene Design Co., Ltd.) having an azido group introduced at the C-terminus of the antigenic peptide (amino acid sequence: SIINFEKL (SEQ ID NO: 1)) / Polynucleotide conjugate (hereinafter referred to as “OVA peptide-dA40 (S) ) was examined for the production of.
- the chemical structures are shown in FIG.
- OVA (N3) (final concentration: 10 ⁇ M to 800 ⁇ M, solvent: water + DMSO), dA40 (S) (alkyne) (final concentration: 10 ⁇ M, solvent: water), copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (final concentration: 1) .5 mM, solvent: water), sodium ascorbate (final concentration: 3.0 mM, solvent: water), (tris (1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methyl) amine (final Concentration: 0.6 mM, Solvent: DMSO), and click chemistry using a copper catalyst was performed at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the sample solution was diluted with a 7.4 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution (final concentration: 20 mM or more) as a chelating agent, and then HPLC measurement was performed. Since the interaction between dA40 (S) and the HPLC column is strong and difficult to elute, the interaction was weakened by adding EDTA so that it was easily eluted.
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Example 2 Conjugation of an antigenic peptide / polynucleotide conjugate and a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton Schizophyllan (SPG) used as a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton in this example was obtained using the method described in Examples of JP 2010-174107 A. This was purified by a predetermined method. When the molecular weight was calculated by GPC, it was 150,000 in the single-stranded state and 450,000 in the triple-stranded state. Conjugation of this SPG and the OVA peptide-dA40 (S) prepared in Example 1 was examined.
- SPG Schizophyllan
- ⁇ -1,3-glucan such as SPG is dissociated into a single strand in an alkaline aqueous solution, but a solution containing ⁇ -1,3-glucan can be obtained by adding a phosphate buffer. Is neutralized, the three ⁇ -1,3-glucan molecules associate through hydrogen bonds, and the triple helix structure is regenerated.
- a polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative such as dA40 (S) is present in the mixture, one molecule of the polynucleotide or polynucleotide derivative and two molecules of ⁇ -1,3-glucan are bonded with hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction.
- SPG was dissolved in a 0.25N NaOH solution (15 mg / mL), and the one that was allowed to stand for 2 days or more to completely dissociate into a single strand was used.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- S OVA peptide-dA40
- the concentration of each solution was adjusted so that the mixing ratio of SPG and OVA peptide-dA40 (S) was 3: 1 in terms of molar ratio, and the volume ratio of SPG solution to phosphate buffer was 1: 1. After allowing to stand overnight at 4 ° C., the reaction mixture after stirring was subjected to acrylamide gel electrophoresis. For comparison, acrylamide electrophoresis was also performed on the antigenic peptide-dA40 (S).
- Example 3 Evaluation of the effect of complexation of antigenic peptide and SPG on antigen-specific immune response by antigenic peptide in mouse splenocytes
- Amino acid sequence derived from ovalbumin (OVA) (SEQ ID NO: 1)
- OVA peptide (5 ⁇ g) and CpG DNA base sequence: ATCGAACTCTCGAGCGTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 2)
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex see Example 1, 5 ⁇ g
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex prepared in Example 1, 5 ⁇ g) and CpG DNA (30 ⁇ g)
- OVA peptide-dA40 ( S) / SPG complex (5 ⁇ g) and Freud's incomplete adjuvant (IFA) (30 ⁇ g)
- IFA Freud's incomplete adjuvant
- mice One week after administration, spleen cells were collected from mice, seeded in 96 wells (1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells / well), stimulated with OVA peptide (10 ⁇ g / mL), and antigen-specific interferon- ⁇ ( Whether IFN- ⁇ ) was induced was examined.
- Example 4 Evaluation of the effect of complexing antigenic peptide and SPG on the ability to induce antigenic peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells
- OVA peptide, (2) OVA peptide and CpG DNA, (3) OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex, (4) OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex, and CpG DNA were collected from mice administered intradermally, and OVA peptide- Mouse splenocytes stimulated with dA40 (S) / SPG complex were cultured for 6 days, and after antibody staining, the percentage of cytotoxic (CD8 positive) T cells specific for OVA peptide was evaluated using a flow cytometer did.
- the ratio of CD8 positive T cells specific for the OVA peptide in the spleen cells is shown in FIG.
- OVA peptide alone peptide
- OVA peptide and CpG DNA were administered simultaneously
- peptide + CpG when only OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex was administered
- peptide / SPG the proportion of CD8 positive T cells specific for OVA peptide is small
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex is administered simultaneously with CpG DNA (peptide / SPG + CpG)
- Example 5 Conjugation of an antigenic peptide, a polynucleotide derivative having a partial base sequence having immunostimulatory activity, and a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton SPG, OVA peptide-dA40 (S), CpG DNA- The simultaneous complexing with dA40 (S) was examined.
- SPG was dissolved in a 0.25N NaOH solution (15 mg / mL), and the one that was allowed to stand for 2 days or more to completely dissociate into a single strand was used.
- An aqueous solution of CpG DNA-dA40 (S) (a polynucleotide derivative having a structure in which dA40 (S) is bound to the 3′-end of CpG DNA), a 10% DMSO aqueous solution of OVA peptide-dA40 (S), phosphorus
- An acid buffer (330 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , pH 4.5) was mixed, and the above SPG solution was added and stirred.
- the mixing ratio of SPG and OVA peptide-dA40 (S) and the mixing ratio of SPG and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) are both 3: 1 by molar ratio, and the volume ratio of SPG solution and phosphate buffer is The concentration of each solution was adjusted to be 1: 1.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of staining the acrylamide gel with SYBR Gold after electrophoresis and photographing the fluorescence image.
- lane 3 complex (peptide / CpG / SPG)
- both antigenic peptide-dA40 (S) and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) were complexed with SPG, and a higher molecular weight complex (OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG ternary complex).
- the molar ratio of SPG, OVA peptide-dA40 (S), and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) is set so that a maximum of 7 molecular chains of dA40 (S) are included per molecule of the ternary complex. It is adjusting.
- the molar ratio of OVA peptide-dA40 (S) and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) is 1: 1, it is considered that there is no difference in the ability to form a complex with SPG. It is considered that a complex is formed.
- a ternary complex was prepared by the above-described method for an antigenic peptide / nucleotide conjugate having the following amino acid sequence.
- Example 6 Evaluation of peptide-specific immune response by antigenic peptide / CpG / SPG ternary complex
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex prepared in Example 2
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex prepared in Example 2
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex prepared in Example 2
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex (5 ⁇ g) and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG complex
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / CpG prepared in Example 5
- Any of DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG ternary complex was intradermally administered to mice (C57BL / 6 mice, male, 7 weeks old) (once).
- mice were collected from mice, seeded in 96 wells (1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells / well), stimulated with OVA peptide (10 ⁇ g / mL), and antigen-specific interferon- ⁇ ( Whether IFN- ⁇ ) was induced was examined.
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG ternary complex is similar to the case where the OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex and CpG DNA are administered simultaneously. Induction of interferon was confirmed. Interestingly, it was confirmed that a strong interferon response was induced when the OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex and the CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG complex were administered simultaneously.
- Example 7 Evaluation of inducing ability of peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells by antigenic peptide / CpG / SPG ternary complex
- OVA peptide, (2) OVA peptide and CpG DNA, ( 3) OVA peptide and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG complex, (4) any of OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG ternary complex prepared in Example 5
- Mouse spleen cells collected from mice administered intradermally and stimulated with OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex for 6 days. After antibody staining, using a flow cytometer, specific for OVA peptide The percentage of cytotoxic (CD8 positive) T cells was evaluated.
- FIG. 8 shows the proportion of CD8-positive T cells specific for the OVA peptide among CD8-positive T cells.
- OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / SPG complex and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG complex are compared to when OVA peptide and CpG DNA are administered simultaneously (peptide + CpG).
- Specific to the OVA peptide when the body is administered peptide + CpG / SPG
- the OVA peptide-dA40 (S) / CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG ternary complex is administered (peptide / CpG / SPG)
- the proportion of typical CD8 positive T cells could be increased.
- Example 8 Immune response to peptide derived from melanoma cell-specific antigen protein (Evaluation of peptide-specific immune response by antigenic peptide / CpG / SPG ternary complex) (1) gp100 peptide-dA40 (S) prepared in the same manner according to Examples 1 and 2 using an antigenic peptide (gp100) having an amino acid sequence derived from mouse melanoma cell-specific antigen protein (EGSRNQDWL (SEQ ID NO: 3)) / SPG complex (5 ⁇ g) and CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG complex (30 ⁇ g), (2) gp100 peptide-dA40 (S) / CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / Any of the SPG ternary complexes (5 ⁇ g) was administered (once) intradermally in mice (C57BL / 6 mice, male, 7 weeks old).
- mice One week after administration, spleen cells were collected from mice, seeded in 96 wells (1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells / well), stimulated with gp100 peptide (10 ⁇ g / mL), and antigen-specific interferon- ⁇ ( Whether IFN- ⁇ ) was induced was examined.
- Example 9 Immune Response with Different Antigenic Peptides
- Antigenic peptides-dA40 (S) / CpG DNA-dA40 (S) / SPG were prepared according to the method described in Example 5 using antigenic peptides other than OVA peptides.
- a ternary complex was prepared and the peptide-specific immune response was evaluated by the procedure described in Example 6.
- the amino acid sequences of the antigenic peptides used and the experimental results (whether or not IFN- ⁇ specific for the antigenic peptide is induced) are shown in Table 2 below.
- No. The amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 28) shown in FIG. 2 is a random sequence of OVA peptide (No. 1). In Table 2, No. In Nos.
- antigenic peptides contained in the ternary complex were used for stimulation of splenocytes seeded in wells after collection from mice.
- OVA OVA peptides having the same amino acid composition but different amino acid sequences were used.
- IFN response column of Table 2 “+” indicates that IFN- ⁇ production was observed, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that IFN- ⁇ induction was not observed.
- Example 10 Preparation of peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex by introducing an antigenic peptide into a glucose residue on the main chain or side chain of SPG (1)
- the introduction of an antigenic peptide into a glucose residue on the main chain or side chain of SPG using a “click reaction” (Fisgen reaction) between an alkyne and an azide compound was examined.
- the reaction scheme is shown below. Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and propargylamine (PA) are reacted with a primary alcohol present at the 6-position of the glucose residue of SPG, and the main chain or side chain glucose residue of SPG is formed through the resulting carbamate bond.
- CDI Carbonyldiimidazole
- PA propargylamine
- SPG-PA alkyne was regioselectively introduced onto the base (SPG-PA). Since the ratio of the number of alkyne residues introduced into the SPG to the number of glucose residues was 10 to 20%, steric hindrance around the glucose residues in the main chain caused most of the residues on the glucose residues in the side chain. It is thought that it has been introduced.
- the SPG derivative thus obtained was purchased from an antigenic peptide (peptide (N3): Gene Design Co., Ltd.) whose C-terminus was modified with an azide group in the presence of a body catalyst.
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex was prepared by a click reaction.
- Example 11 Preparation of peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex by covalently introducing an antigenic peptide to a glucose residue on the main chain or side chain of SPG (2) The introduction of an antigenic peptide into a glucose residue on the main chain or side chain of SPG using the Michael non-reaction of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone and thiol was examined. The reaction scheme is shown below.
- DIPEA N-diisopropylethylamine
- CDI carbonyldiimidazole
- AEMA 2-aminoethyl methacrylate
- an antigenic peptide (peptide (-SH): purchased from Gene Design Co., Ltd.) in which cysteine was introduced into the C-terminus was prepared in the presence of tris (2-carbokaisiethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) in the presence of SPG-
- TCEP tris (2-carbokaisiethyl) phosphine hydrochloride
- Example 12 Antigen by an antigenic peptide / CpG / SPG ternary complex in which an antigenic peptide is bound to a glucose residue on a side chain of a polysaccharide having a ⁇ -1,3-glucan skeleton via a covalent bond Evaluation of Sex Peptide-Specific Immune Response
- the peptide / ⁇ -1,3-glucan complex prepared in Examples 10 and 11 was subjected to CpG DNA-dA40 using the same method as described in Examples 2 and 5.
- mice This was administered once (equivalent to 30 ⁇ g of CpG DNA) into the skin of C57BL / 6 mice (male, 7 weeks old).
- spleen cells were collected from mice, seeded in 96 wells (1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells / well), stimulated with OVA peptide (10 ⁇ g / mL), and antigen-specific interferon- ⁇ ( Whether IFN- ⁇ ) was induced was examined.
- the amino acid sequence of the antigenic peptide used and the experimental results (presence / absence of induction of IFN- ⁇ specific to the antigenic peptide) are shown in Table 3 below.
- SEQ ID NO: 28 The amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 28) shown in FIG.
- OVA 2 is a random sequence of OVA peptide (No. 1).
- Table 3 No. In Nos. 1, 3, and 4, antigenic peptides contained in the ternary complex were used for stimulation of splenocytes seeded in wells after collection from mice.
- OVA OVA peptides having the same amino acid composition but different amino acid sequences were used.
- IFN response column of Table 3 “+” indicates that IFN- ⁇ production was observed, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that IFN- ⁇ induction was not observed.
- spleen cells were stimulated with a peptide having the same amino acid sequence as the antigenic peptide used in the ternary complex administered to mice (No.
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Abstract
Description
本発明において、「化学結合」は、分子内結合である共有結合、配位結合のみならず、分子集団又は原子集団を構成するイオン結合、水素結合及びファンデルワールス結合も含む。
(1)β-1,3-グルカン及び抗原性ペプチドの種類、分子量、組み合わせ等に応じて、β-1,3-グルカンと抗原性ペプチドとの結合様式を、β-1,3-グルカンと抗原性ペプチドとの共有結合、β-1,3-グルカンとペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートのポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体との間の水素結合から選択できるので、広範なβ-1,3-グルカンと抗原性ペプチドの組み合わせについて、ペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を得ることができる。
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体は、β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖(β-1,3-グルカン)と、抗原性を有するペプチド(抗原性ペプチド)が、ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と共有結合を介して結合したペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートとを含んでいる。ペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートのポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体は、β-1,3-グルカンと、水素結合を介して結合し、ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の分子鎖1本と前記β-1,3-グルカンの分子鎖2本とからなる三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成している。
β-1,3-グルカンは、ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の分子鎖1本とβ-1,3-グルカンの分子鎖2本とからなる三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成することができるものであれば、任意の種類、分子量のものを特に制限なく用いることができる。β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖は、poly(C)等の核酸と近似するヘリックスパラメータを有しており(例えば、高橋、小畠、鈴木、Prog. Polym. Phys. Jpn.27巻、767ページ、及び「Conformation of Carbohydrates」、Sharwood academic publisher、1998年を参照)、核酸塩基と水素結合可能な水酸基を有しているため、核酸と相互作用し、三重らせん構造を有する安定な複合体を形成することが知られている。β-1,3-グルカンの具体例としては、シゾフィラン、カードラン、レンチナン、パキマン(pachyman)、グリホラン、スクレログルカン等が挙げられる。これらは、主鎖がβ-結合(β-D-結合)により結合したグルカンで、側鎖の頻度が異なる天然の多糖である。これらのβ-1,3-グルカンは、化学修飾等の処理を行うことなくそのまま用いてもよいが、通常の過ヨウ素酸化法を用いてその側鎖を適当に間引くことにより、その溶解性を制御することもできる。
なお、β-1,3-グルカンの重量平均分子量は、光散乱法、沈降速度法(超遠心法)等の任意の公知の方法を用いて決定することができる。
ペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートは、抗原性ペプチドと、ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体とが、共有結合を介して結合した複合体である。抗原性ペプチドに結合させたポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体は、上述のとおり、β-1,3-グルカンとの間で三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成させることにより、抗原性ペプチドとβ-1,3-グルカンとを結合させる役割を果たす。
[抗原性ペプチド]-X-(dA(S))x (A)
アルキンとアジド化合物(アジ化物)は、下記に示すような付加環化反応(フイスゲン反応)により、1,2,3-トリアゾール環を形成する。両者は、生体分子を含む多くの有機化合物に導入可能な安定な官能基であり、水を含む溶媒中でも迅速かつほぼ定量的に反応し、殆ど副反応を伴わず、余分な廃棄物を生成しないため、いわゆる「クリックケミストリー」の中心的な反応として、生化学の分野で広く用いられている。アルキン誘導体及びアジド基は、任意の公知の方法を用いて、抗原性ペプチド又はポリヌクレオチド若しくはポリヌクレオチド誘導体に導入することができる。アルキン誘導体としては、プロパルギルアルコール、プロパルギルアミン等の反応性官能基を有するものが容易に入手でき、これらをカルボキシル基やヒドロキシル基等の反応性官能基と直接反応させ、或いはカルボニルジイミダゾール等と共に反応させ、生成するアミド結合、エステル結合、ウレタン結合等を介してアルキン誘導体を導入することができる。アジド基についても、任意の公知の方法を用いて、抗原性ペプチド又はポリヌクレオチド若しくはポリヌクレオチド誘導体に導入することができる。なお、フイスゲン反応は銅触媒の存在下で行われるが、抗原性ペプチド及びリン酸ジエステル基がホスホロチオエート基等の含硫黄官能基で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体には、銅イオンに配位する硫黄原子が存在するため、銅の触媒活性が低下するおそれがある。反応率を向上させるために過剰量の銅を添加することが好ましい。
電子求引性のカルボニル基又はスルホン基に隣接する二重結合を有するマレイミド又はビニルスルホンは、中性付近のpHで、下記に示すように、チオール基との付加反応(マイケル付加反応)により、安定なチオエーテル誘導体を生成する。適当なスペーサーを有するマレイミド及びビニルスルホン誘導体が市販されているため、抗原性ペプチド又はポリヌクレオチド若しくはポリヌクレオチド誘導体にこれらの官能基を導入することは容易である。抗原性ペプチドにチオール基を導入する場合、システインを含む抗原性ペプチドの場合には、システイン残基側鎖のチオール基を利用できる。ただし、システインは、存在比が低いアミノ酸であるため、抗原性ペプチドのC末端側にシステインを導入したものを用いる。チオール基を含むポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体としては、これらの5’末端のヒドロキシル基をチオール基に変換したチオール化ポリヌクレオチドが用いられる。
上述のとおり、C末端側にシステインを導入した抗原性ペプチドのシステイン残基側鎖のチオール基と、チオール化ポリヌクレオチドのチオール基とを反応させ、ジスルフィド基を形成させる。ジスルフィド結合は、還元剤の存在下で切断されるため、上両者に比べ、安定性の点で劣る。
シゾフィラン等のβ-1,3-グルカンは、通常、水中で三重らせん構造を呈している。したがって、ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と複合体を形成するためには、DMSOのような溶媒に溶解して分子間水素結合及び疎水性相互作用による会合状態を解いて一本鎖にする。これにポリヌクレオチドを含有する水溶液(又はアルコール等の極性溶媒の溶液)を添加してゆくと、溶媒の極性の増大に伴い、疎水性相互作用によりポリヌクレオチドとβ-1,3-グルカンとが会合し、ポリヌクレオチドの分子鎖を取り込みながら分子内及び分子間でポリヌクレオチドと多糖との会合体が形成される。その結果、1分子のポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と2分子のβ-1,3-グルカン分子とからなる三重螺旋構造を有する複合体が形成される。複合体の形成は、例えば、CD(円偏光二色性)スペクトルを測定することにより、コンホメーション変化を調べることによって確認することができる。
(1)上述のβ-1,3-グルカン、ペプチド/ヌクレオチドコンジュゲート及びポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体を、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体の製造法と同様の方法を用いて複合化させる。
(2)本発明の第2の実施の形態に係るペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体とポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体を、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体の製造法と同様の方法を用いて複合化させる。
本実施例において、デオキシアデニン40量体中のリン酸ジエステル結合が全てホスホロチオエート結合に置換された構造を有するポリヌクレオチド誘導体(以下、「dA40(S)」という。)の5’側にアルキンを導入したポリヌクレオチド誘導体(以下、「dA40(S)(alkyne)」という。)(株式会社 ジーンデザイン社より購入)とオボアルブミン(OVA)由来の抗原性ペプチド(アミノ酸配列:SIINFEKL(配列番号1))のC末端にアジド基を導入した抗原性ペプチド(以下、「OVA(N3)」)(株式会社 ジーンデザイン社より購入)との抗原性ペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲート体(以下、「OVAペプチド-dA40(S)」)の作製について検討を行った。化学構造を図1にそれぞれ示す。
本実施例において、β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖として用いたシゾフィラン(SPG)は、特開2010-174107号公報の実施例に記載の方法を用いて得た。これを所定の方法にて、精製した。GPCにより分子量を算出したところ、1本鎖状態では15万で、3本鎖では45万であった。このSPGと、実施例1で調製したOVAペプチド-dA40(S)との複合化について検討を行った。
(1)オボアルブミン(OVA)由来のアミノ酸配列(配列番号1)を有する抗原性ペプチド(OVAペプチド)(5μg)、(2)OVAペプチド(5μg)及びCpG DNA(塩基配列:ATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号2))(30μg)、(3)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(実施例1参照、5μg)、(4)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(実施例1で調製、5μg)及びCpG DNA(30μg)、(5)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(5μg)及びフロイトの不完全アジュバント(IFA)(30μg)のいずれかを、マウス(C57BL/6マウス、雄性、7週齢)皮内に投与(1回)した。投与から1週間後に、マウスより脾細胞を採取後、96ウェルに播種し(1.0×106 cells/ウェル)、OVAペプチドで刺激(10μg/mL)し、抗原特異的なインターフェロン-γ(IFN-γ)が誘導されるかについて検討した。
実施例3において、(1)OVAペプチド、(2)OVAペプチド及びCpG DNA、(3)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体、(4)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体及びCpG DNAのいずれかを皮内投与したマウスより採取し、OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体で刺激したマウス脾細胞を6日間培養し、抗体染色後、フローサイトメーターを用いて、OVAペプチドに特異的な細胞傷害性(CD8陽性)T細胞の割合を評価した。
SPGと、OVAペプチド-dA40(S)、CpG DNA-dA40(S)との同時複合化について検討を行った。
(1)実施例2で調製したOVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(5μg)、(2)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(5μg)及びCpG DNA(30μg)、(3)OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(5μg)及びCpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(OVAペプチド-dA40(S)の10%DMSO水溶液を用いない以外は、実施例5と同様の方法により調製:30μg)、(4)実施例5で調製したOVAペプチド-dA40(S)/CpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG三元複合体(5μg)のいずれかを、マウス(C57BL/6マウス、雄性、7週齢)皮内に投与(1回)した。投与から1週間後に、マウスより脾細胞を採取後、96ウェルに播種し(1.0×106 cells/ウェル)、OVAペプチドで刺激(10μg/mL)し、抗原特異的なインターフェロン-γ(IFN-γ)が誘導されるかについて検討した。
実施例6において、(1)OVAペプチド、(2)OVAペプチド及びCpG DNA、(3)OVAペプチド及びCpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG複合体、(4)実施例5で調製したOVAペプチド-dA40(S)/CpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG三元複合体のいずれかを皮内投与したマウスより採取し、OVAペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体で刺激したマウス脾細胞を6日間培養し、抗体染色後、フローサイトメーターを用いて、OVAペプチドに特異的な細胞傷害性(CD8陽性)T細胞の割合を評価した。
(1)マウスメラノーマ細胞特異的抗原タンパク由来のアミノ酸配列(EGSRNQDWL(配列番号3))を有する抗原性ペプチド(gp100)を用いて実施例1、2に従い同様に調製したgp100ペプチド-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(5μg)及びCpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG複合体(30μg)、(2)実施例5に従い同様に調製したgp100ペプチド-dA40(S)/CpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG三元複合体(5μg)のいずれかを、マウス(C57BL/6マウス、雄性、7週齢)皮内に投与(1回)した。投与から1週間後に、マウスより脾細胞を採取後、96ウェルに播種し(1.0×106 cells/ウェル)、gp100ペプチドで刺激(10μg/mL)し、抗原特異的なインターフェロン-γ(IFN-γ)が誘導されるかについて検討した。
OVAペプチド以外の抗原性ペプチドを用いて、実施例5に記載の方法により、抗原性ペプチド-dA40(S)/CpG DNA-dA40(S)/SPG三元複合体を調製し、実施例6に記載の手順により、ペプチド特異的免疫応答の評価を行った。用いた抗原性ペプチドのアミノ酸配列及び実験結果(抗原性ペプチドに特異的なIFN-γの誘導の有無)を、下記の表2に示す。なお、No.2に示したアミノ酸配列(配列番号28)は、OVAペプチド(No.1)のランダム配列である。表2中の、No.1、3、4では、マウスより採取後、ウェルに播種した脾細胞の刺激に、三元複合体に含まれる抗原性ペプチドを用いたが、No.2については、アミノ酸組成は同一であるがアミノ酸配列の異なるOVAペプチドを用いた。また、表2のIFN応答の列中、「+」は、IFN-γの産生が観測されたことを示し、「-」は、IFN-γの誘導が観測されなかったことを示す。マウスに投与した三元複合体に用いた抗原性ペプチドと同一のアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドで脾細胞を刺激した場合(No.1、3、4、5)には、抗原性ペプチド特異的なIFN応答が観察されたのに対し、異なるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドで脾細胞を刺激した場合(No.2)には、全くIFN産生が観測されなかった。これらの結果より、マウスに投与した三元複合体により、ペプチド特異的な免疫応答が誘導されたことがわかる。
アルキンとアジド化合物の「クリック反応」(フイスゲン反応)を利用したSPGの主鎖又は側鎖上のグルコース残基への抗原性ペプチドの導入を検討した。反応スキームを以下に示す。カルボニルジイミダゾール(CDI)とプロパルギルアミン(PA)をSPGのグルコース残基の6-位に存在する第1級アルコールと反応させ、生成するカルバメート結合を介して、SPGの主鎖又は側鎖グルコース残基上に位置選択的にアルキンを導入した(SPG-PA)。SPGに導入されたアルキン残基数のグルコース残基数に対する比が10~20%であったことから、主鎖のグルコース残基周りの立体障害により、大部分が側鎖のグルコース残基上に導入されていると考えられる。このようにして得られたSPG誘導体を、胴触媒の存在下、C末端がアジド基で修飾された抗原性ペプチド(peptide(N3):ジーンデザイン(株)より購入。本実施例では、アジド修飾OVAペプチドを使用した。)と反応させ、クリック反応により、ペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を調製した。
α,β-不飽和ケトンとチオールのマイケル不可反応を利用したSPGの主鎖又は側鎖上のグルコース残基への抗原性ペプチドの導入を検討した。反応スキームを以下に示す。N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIPEA)の存在下、SPGの側鎖のグルコース残基の6-位に存在する第一級アルコールに対し、カルボニルジイミダゾール(CDI)と2-アミノエチルメタクリレート(AEMA)を反応させ、生成するカルバメート結合を介して、メタクリロイル基を導入した(SPG-AEMA)。その後、C末端にシステインを導入した抗原性ペプチド(peptide(-SH):ジーンデザイン(株)より購入。)を、トリス(2-カルボカイシエチル)ホスフィン塩酸塩(TCEP)の存在下、SPG-AEMAと反応させ、ペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を調製した。
実施例10、11で調製したペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を、実施例2、5に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、CpG DNA-dA40(S)と複合化させ、抗原性ペプチド/CpG/SPG三元複合体を調製した。これを、C57BL/6マウス(雄性、7週齢)の皮内に1回投与(CpG DNA30μg相当量)した。投与から1週間後に、マウスより脾細胞を採取後、96ウェルに播種し(1.0×106 cells/ウェル)、OVAペプチドで刺激(10μg/mL)し、抗原特異的なインターフェロン-γ(IFN-γ)が誘導されるかについて検討した。用いた抗原性ペプチドのアミノ酸配列及び実験結果(抗原性ペプチドに特異的なIFN-γの誘導の有無)を、下記の表3に示す。なお、実施例9と同様、No.2に示したアミノ酸配列(配列番号28)は、OVAペプチド(No.1)のランダム配列である。表3中の、No.1、3、4では、マウスより採取後、ウェルに播種した脾細胞の刺激に、三元複合体に含まれる抗原性ペプチドを用いたが、No.2については、アミノ酸組成は同一であるがアミノ酸配列の異なるOVAペプチドを用いた。また、表3のIFN応答の列中、「+」は、IFN-γの産生が観測されたことを示し、「-」は、IFN-γの誘導が観測されなかったことを示す。実施例9の結果と同様、マウスに投与した三元複合体に用いた抗原性ペプチドと同一のアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドで脾細胞を刺激した場合(No.1、3、4)には、抗原性ペプチド特異的なIFN応答が観察されたのに対し、異なるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドで脾細胞を刺激した場合(No.2)には、全くIFN産生が観測されなかった。これらの結果より、マウスに投与した三元複合体により、ペプチド特異的な免疫応答が誘導されたことがわかる。
Claims (19)
- β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖と、
前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖に化学結合した抗原性を有するペプチドとを含むことを特徴とするペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。 - 前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖が、シゾフィラン、レンチナン、スクレログルカン及びカードランのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖と、
抗原性を有するペプチドが、ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と共有結合を介して結合したペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートとを含み、
前記ペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートのポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖と、水素結合を介して結合し、前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の分子鎖1本と前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖の分子鎖2本とからなる三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成していることを特徴とするペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。 - 前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖が、シゾフィラン、レンチナン、スクレログルカン及びカードランのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項3記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体がポリデオキシアデノシンであることを特徴とする請求項3又は4記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、DNA又はRNAのホスホジエステル結合の少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート基で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体であることを特徴とする請求項3から5のいずれか1項記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 前記DNA又はRNAのホスホジエステル結合のうち少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート基で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体において、ホスホジエステル結合の50%以上がホスホロチオエート基で置換されていることを特徴とする請求項6記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 前記ペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートを構成する前記抗原性を有するペプチドと前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体とが、アルキンとアジド誘導体との付加環化反応、マレイミド基とチオール基との反応、ペプチドC末端のシステイン残基のチオール基とチオール修飾核酸のチオール基との反応のいずれかにより生成した共有結合を介して結合していることを特徴とする請求項3から7のいずれか1項記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖と、
アルキンとアジド誘導体との付加環化反応、マレイミド基又はビニルスルホン基とチオール基との反応のいずれかにより生成した共有結合を介して、前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖の主鎖又は側鎖上のグルコース残基に結合した抗原性を有するペプチドとを含むことを特徴とするペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。 - 前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖が、シゾフィラン、レンチナン、スクレログルカン及びカードランのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項8又は9記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体において、
免疫賦活活性を有する部分塩基配列を有するポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体を更に含み、
前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖と、水素結合を介して結合し、前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の分子鎖1本と前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖の分子鎖2本とからなる三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成していることを特徴とするペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。 - 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の、前記三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成する部分がポリデオキシアデノシンであることを特徴とする請求項11記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の、前記三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成する部分が、DNA又はRNAのホスホジエステル結合の少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート基で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体であることを特徴とする請求項11又は12記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の、前記三重螺旋構造を有する複合体を形成する部分において、DNA又はRNAのホスホジエステル結合の50%以上がホスホロチオエート基で置換されていることを特徴とする請求項13記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体。
- 請求項8記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を製造する方法であって、前記ペプチド/ポリヌクレオチドコンジュゲートの液体クロマトグラフィーによる分離をキレート剤の存在下で行うことを特徴とするペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体の製造方法。
- 免疫賦活活性を有する部分塩基配列を有するポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と、
請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体とを含む医薬組成物。 - 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖と、水素結合を介して結合し、前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の分子鎖1本と前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖の分子鎖2本とからなる三重螺旋構造を有するポリヌクレオチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を形成していることを特徴とする請求項16記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を構成する前記β-1,3-グルカン骨格を有する多糖が、シゾフィラン、レンチナン、スクレログルカン及びカードランのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項11から14のいずれか1項記載のペプチド/β-1,3-グルカン複合体を含む医薬組成物。
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