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WO2015107630A1 - Protective circuit and battery unit - Google Patents

Protective circuit and battery unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015107630A1
WO2015107630A1 PCT/JP2014/050522 JP2014050522W WO2015107630A1 WO 2015107630 A1 WO2015107630 A1 WO 2015107630A1 JP 2014050522 W JP2014050522 W JP 2014050522W WO 2015107630 A1 WO2015107630 A1 WO 2015107630A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
protection
protection element
stacks
heating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/050522
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
後藤　一夫
武雄 木村
キョンソン ユン
Original Assignee
デクセリアルズ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by デクセリアルズ株式会社 filed Critical デクセリアルズ株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2014/050522 priority Critical patent/WO2015107630A1/en
Publication of WO2015107630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015107630A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/06—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line using only one supply
    • B60L1/08—Methods and devices for control or regulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protection circuit for preventing overcurrent and overvoltage of a battery unit using a protection element having a heating resistor and a fuse element provided on a substrate.
  • HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle
  • EV Electric Vehicle
  • a lithium ion secondary battery has been used from the viewpoint of energy density and output characteristics.
  • a high voltage and a large current are required.
  • dedicated cells that can withstand high voltages and large currents have been developed, but in many cases due to manufacturing cost problems, it is necessary to connect multiple battery cells in series and in parallel to use general-purpose cells. Secures the correct voltage and current.
  • Lithium ion secondary batteries have excellent characteristics, but it is essential to manage charge / discharge characteristics. If abnormal battery cells are treated normally, there is a risk of ignition and explosion. Absent. Therefore, when there are a plurality of battery cells, the voltage balance between the cells becomes important, and when abnormal cells are included, other normal cells are also affected and correct charging / discharging is not performed. .
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the present invention provides a protection circuit and a battery unit that can prevent a situation in which the entire circuit is cut off and supply necessary electric power while ensuring safety of the entire circuit when an abnormality occurs in a battery cell or the like.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • a protection circuit includes a protection circuit in which a plurality of battery stacks in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series are connected in parallel, and each battery stack includes a heating resistor.
  • a protective element comprising a body and a soluble conductor that constitutes a part of a current path for charging or discharging and is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor is incorporated.
  • the battery unit according to the present invention is a battery unit in which a plurality of battery stacks in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series are connected in parallel, and each of the battery stacks includes a heating resistor and a charge or discharge.
  • a protection element that includes a part of the current path and includes a fusible conductor that is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor is incorporated, and the plurality of battery stacks are individually provided for each battery stack. By being controlled, only the battery stack having the battery cell in which an abnormality has occurred is removed from the circuit.
  • the protection element of the battery stack in which the abnormal battery cell is incorporated is fused to remove the battery stack from the charge / discharge path and Power can be supplied by the battery stack.
  • a protective element comprising a heating resistor and a soluble conductor that forms part of a current path for charging or discharging and is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor as the protection element. Since it is used, the battery stack can be irreversibly cut off from the circuit by melting the fusible conductor.
  • a trigger for generating heat from the heating resistor can be set in addition to the overvoltage, and the battery stack is cut off from the current path when necessary according to the device driven by the battery. be able to.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a battery unit in which a protection circuit to which the present invention is applied is formed.
  • 2A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the protection element
  • FIG. 2B is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the protection element.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the protection element.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the battery stack.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack.
  • the protection circuit 1 to which the present invention is applied has a plurality of battery stacks 3 in which a plurality of battery cells 2 are connected in series, and the battery stacks 3 are connected in parallel. Yes.
  • Each battery stack 3 includes a protection element 5, a detection element 6 for detecting an abnormal voltage of each battery cell 2, and charging / discharging in the battery stack 3, and according to a detection result of the detection element 6.
  • a BMS control element 7 for driving the protection element 5 is incorporated.
  • Each battery stack 3 includes a switch 8 that switches between a charging mode and a discharging mode, a charging diode 9 that flows a charging current in the charging mode, and a discharging diode 10 that flows a discharging current in the discharging mode.
  • the protective element 5 is composed of a fuse element having a function of interrupting a current path by a signal from the control element 7 in order to safely shut off the output of the battery stack 3, and a fuse element constituting a part of the current path is blown out. By doing so, the current path of the battery stack 3 is irreversibly cut off.
  • the protective element 5 includes an insulating substrate 11, a heating resistor 14 laminated on the insulating substrate 11 and covered with an insulating member 15, and both ends of the insulating substrate 11.
  • the rectangular insulating substrate 11 is formed of an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, and the like.
  • an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, and the like.
  • the material used for printed wiring boards such as a glass epoxy board
  • the heating resistor 14 is a conductive member that has a relatively high resistance value and generates heat when energized, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. These alloys, compositions, or compound powders are mixed with a resin binder or the like to form a paste on the insulating substrate 11 by patterning using a screen printing technique and firing.
  • the insulating member 15 is disposed so as to cover the heating resistor 14, and the heating element extraction electrode 16 is disposed so as to face the heating resistor 14 through the insulating member 15.
  • an insulating member 15 may be laminated between the heating resistor 14 and the insulating substrate 11.
  • One end of the heating element extraction electrode 16 is connected to the heating element electrode 18 (P1).
  • the other end of the heating resistor 14 is connected to the other heating element electrode 18 (P2).
  • the fusible conductor 13 is made of a low-melting-point metal that is quickly melted by the heat generated by the heating resistor 14 or the self-heating of the fusible conductor 13, and for example, Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component can be suitably used.
  • the soluble conductor 13 may be a laminate of a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal such as Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing these as a main component.
  • the soluble conductor 13 does not lead to fusing.
  • a soluble conductor 13 may be formed by depositing a low melting point metal on a high melting point metal by using a plating technique, or may be formed by using another known lamination technique or film forming technique.
  • the fusible conductor 13 can be solder-connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) using a low melting point metal constituting the outer layer.
  • the protective element 5 may be coated with a flux 17 on almost the entire surface of the soluble conductor 13 in order to prevent oxidation of the outer low melting point metal layer 13b. Further, the protection element 5 may place the cover member 19 on the insulating substrate 11 in order to protect the inside.
  • the protective element 5 to which the present invention as described above is applied has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG.
  • the protective element 5 generates heat by melting the soluble conductor 13 by energizing the fusible conductor 13 connected in series via the heating element lead electrode 16 and the connecting point of the fusible conductor 13 to generate heat.
  • This is a circuit configuration including the resistor 14.
  • the fusible conductor 13 is connected in series on the charge / discharge current path, and the heating resistor 14 is connected to the BMS control element 7.
  • One of the two electrodes 12 of the protective element 5 is connected to A1, and the other is connected to A2.
  • the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the heating element electrode 18 connected thereto are connected to P1, and the other heating element electrode 18 is connected to P2.
  • the sensing element 6 detects the voltage of each battery cell 2.
  • the BMS control element 7 energizes the heating element electrode 18 according to the detection result of the detection element 6, and melts the soluble conductor 13 of the protection element 5.
  • the protection element 5 can cut off the current path by melting the fusible conductor 13 by self-heating even when an overcurrent occurs due to an abnormality in the battery cell 2.
  • the protection element 5 may detect an overcurrent with the detection element 6, cause the heating resistor 14 to generate heat with the BMS control element 7, and melt the soluble conductor 13.
  • the protection element 5 since the soluble conductor 13 is blown by the heat of the heating resistor 14 or by self-heating, the protection element 5 can irreversibly cut off the current path and is not affected by abnormal circuit operation. . Therefore, the function as a protection element can be realized reliably.
  • the protection element 5 does not operate only with an overcurrent like a so-called fuse-type protection element, and can be activated by an abnormal voltage or other factors described later, and can cope with any situation. Can do. Further, unlike the electrical switch type protection element, the protection element 5 does not require power to maintain the current path interruption state, and can reliably maintain the interruption state.
  • the battery stack 3 is a series of battery cells 2 that need to be controlled to protect against overcharge and overdischarge states.
  • the battery stack 3 is connected in parallel with other battery stacks 3 via a positive terminal 3a and a negative terminal 3b.
  • a connected battery unit 20 is configured.
  • the battery unit 20 is detachably connected to the charging device 25, and a charging voltage from the charging device 25 is applied thereto.
  • the battery unit 20 charged by the charging device 25 can operate the electronic device, EV, and the like by supplying power to the electronic device, EV, and the like that operate on the battery.
  • the battery unit 20 is provided with a protection element 5 in a part of a current path where the battery stacks 3 are connected in parallel.
  • the protection element 5 is connected to a BMS control element (not shown) for uniformly controlling charging / discharging of the entire battery unit 20 and forcibly blocks the charging / discharging path of the entire battery unit 20.
  • a conventional battery cell 2 can be used to constitute a HEV or EV battery that requires a large current and a high voltage.
  • the protection element 5 of the battery stack 3 in which the abnormal battery cell is incorporated is melted to fill the battery stack 3. In addition to being removed from the discharge path, power can be supplied by the remaining battery stack 3.
  • the battery unit 20 can supply driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place or driving force for a hazard lamp or an air conditioner even when an abnormality of the battery system occurs during traveling. .
  • each battery stack 3 can be provided with one protective element 5 at the output end of the current path.
  • the heating element electrode 18 of the protection element 5 is energized by the BMS control element 7.
  • the heat generating resistor 14 of the protection element 5 generates heat and the soluble conductor 13 is melted and removed from the current path of the battery unit 20. Therefore, the battery unit 20 can prevent charging / discharging of the battery stack 3 and can prevent abnormal heat generation and the like.
  • the battery unit 20 supplies driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place, or driving power for hazard lamps or air conditioners when an abnormality occurs in the battery system during EV or HEV traveling. it can.
  • the protection element 5 may be connected between the battery cells 2 as shown in FIG. 5. According to the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 5, the protective element 5 at a location close to the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred can be fused, and charging / discharging of the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred can be reliably prevented, The influence on the other battery cell 2 adjacent to the abnormal cell can be suppressed.
  • each battery stack 3 may be provided with one protection element 5 corresponding to one battery cell 2, and the battery cells 2 and the protection elements 5 may be alternately connected. Even with this configuration, the protective element 5 close to the abnormal cell can be fused.
  • the protection elements 5 may be connected to each battery stack 3 before and after each battery cell 2.
  • the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 6 can physically separate the abnormal cell from the current path of the battery stack 3 by fusing the protective elements 5 connected before and after the abnormal battery cell 2. . Therefore, according to the battery stack 3, charging / discharging of the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred can be prevented more reliably, and the influence on the other battery cells 2 adjacent to the abnormal cell can be reliably suppressed.
  • each battery stack 3 may have a protective element 5 connected between the switch 8 and the charging diode 9.
  • the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 7 can be physically separated from the current path in the charging mode by fusing the protective element 5 connected between the switch 8 and the charging diode 9. Therefore, according to the battery stack 3, the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred is prevented from being charged, but can be discharged by the switch 8.
  • each battery stack 3 may be configured such that the protection element 5 is connected to the current paths in the charge mode and the discharge mode.
  • the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 8 is removed from the current path of the battery unit 20 by fusing the protective element 5 in the same manner as the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. Therefore, the battery unit 20 can prevent charging / discharging of the battery stack 3 and can prevent abnormal heat generation and the like.
  • the protection element 5 is blown by detecting an abnormal voltage of the battery cell 2 in the battery stack 3, and the battery stack 3 is separated from the current path. However, the protection element 5 is blown.
  • Various triggers can be set according to the device side on which the battery unit 20 is mounted.
  • BMS A command may be transmitted to the control element 7 so that the protection element 5 of each battery stack 3 is melted to interrupt the current path.
  • the protection element 5 is melted and disconnected from the current path. It may be.
  • the protection element 5 of each battery stack 3 is blown out in the event of a fire, collapse due to a large-scale earthquake, or submergence due to a tsunami. You may make it interrupt.

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Abstract

When an abnormality occurs in a battery cell or the like, the present invention supplies the necessary power and prevents the entire circuit from being broken, while ensuring the safety of the entire circuit. A protective circuit (1) obtained by connecting in parallel a plurality of battery stacks (3) in which a plurality of battery cells (2) are connected in series, wherein each of the battery stacks (2) incorporates a protective element (5) provided with a heating resistor (14), and a soluble conductor (13) which constitutes part of the charging or discharging current path, and which fuses as a result of self-produced heat or heat from the heating resistor (14).

Description

保護回路、バッテリユニットProtection circuit, battery unit
　本発明は、基板上に発熱抵抗体とヒューズエレメントを設けた保護素子を用いて、バッテリユニットの過電流や過電圧を防止する保護回路に関する。 The present invention relates to a protection circuit for preventing overcurrent and overvoltage of a battery unit using a protection element having a heating resistor and a fuse element provided on a substrate.
　近年、バッテリとモーターを使用したＨＥＶ（Hybrid Electric Vehicle）やＥＶ（Electric Vehicle）が急速に普及している。ＨＥＶやＥＶの動力源としては、エネルギー密度と出力特性からリチウムイオン二次電池が使用されるようになってきている。自動車用途では、高電圧、大電流が必要とされる。このため、高電圧、大電流に耐えられる専用セルが開発されているが、製造コスト上の問題から多くの場合、複数のバッテリセルを直列、並列に接続することで、汎用セルを用いて必要な電圧電流を確保している。 In recent years, HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and EV (Electric Vehicle) using a battery and a motor are rapidly spreading. As a power source for HEV and EV, a lithium ion secondary battery has been used from the viewpoint of energy density and output characteristics. In automobile applications, a high voltage and a large current are required. For this reason, dedicated cells that can withstand high voltages and large currents have been developed, but in many cases due to manufacturing cost problems, it is necessary to connect multiple battery cells in series and in parallel to use general-purpose cells. Secures the correct voltage and current.
　リチウムイオン二次電池は優れた特性を持っているが、充放電特性の管理が不可欠で、異常なバッテリセルに対して通常通りの処理をしていると、発火や爆発といった危険を発生しかねない。したがって、バッテリセルが複数になると、セル間の電圧バランスが重要となり、異常なセルが含まれると、そのほかの正常なセルにも影響を与え、正しい充放電が行われなくなってしまうという問題がある。 Lithium ion secondary batteries have excellent characteristics, but it is essential to manage charge / discharge characteristics. If abnormal battery cells are treated normally, there is a risk of ignition and explosion. Absent. Therefore, when there are a plurality of battery cells, the voltage balance between the cells becomes important, and when abnormal cells are included, other normal cells are also affected and correct charging / discharging is not performed. .
　このような事態を避けるために、多くのリチウムイオン二次電池を使用したバッテリーシステムでは、充放電経路上に接続されたヒューズ素子と、バッテリ全体を管理する電源管理システム（ＢＭＳ：Battery Management System）とが組み込まれている。ＢＭＳではバッテリセルごとの充放電状態（電圧、容量など）を管理しており、異常が検知されると、ＦＥＴスイッチなどを使ってヒューズ素子に外部から信号を与えて回路の出力部分を遮断し、異常発熱による出火等のトラブルを回避する。 In order to avoid such a situation, in a battery system using many lithium ion secondary batteries, a fuse element connected on the charge / discharge path and a power management system (BMS: Battery Management System) for managing the entire battery And are incorporated. BMS manages the charge / discharge status (voltage, capacity, etc.) for each battery cell. When an abnormality is detected, a signal is externally applied to the fuse element using an FET switch or the like to shut off the output part of the circuit. Avoid troubles such as fire due to abnormal heat generation.
　近年では、これまで行われてきたような充放電の状態管理（ＳＯＣ：State of Charge）だけではなく、バッテリーシステムの容量劣化（ＳＯＨ：State of Health）、バッテリ寿命（ＳＯＬ：State of Life）の考えに基づくバッテリーシステム管理が重要視されてきている。 In recent years, not only charge / discharge state management (SOC: State of Charge), which has been performed, but also battery system capacity degradation (SOH: State of Health) and battery life (SOL: State of Life) Battery system management based on ideas has been emphasized.
特許第４２０７８７７号公報Japanese Patent No. 4207877
　一方で、高速移動中の自動車等では、急激な駆動力の低下や急停止は却って危険な場合があり、非常時を想定したバッテリ管理が求められている。例えば、走行中にバッテリーシステムの異常が起きた際にも、修理工場もしくは安全な場所まで移動するための駆動力、あるいはハザードランプやエアコン用の駆動力を供給できることが、危険回避上、好ましい。 On the other hand, in automobiles and the like that are moving at high speed, sudden reduction in driving force or sudden stop may be dangerous, and battery management that assumes an emergency is required. For example, when a battery system abnormality occurs during traveling, it is preferable to supply driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place, or driving force for a hazard lamp or an air conditioner.
　また、異常を起こしたバッテリーシステムにおいては、異常なバッテリセルが電気回路上に存在しており、何らかの電気的な異常、誤動作などで、ふたたび使用されるようになる可能性は完全には否定できない。自動車では定期点検があり、その際に不具合のある電池セルを交換すればよいが、それまでの間、異常なものを電気回路上に持っていなければならない。可能であれば、電気回路上から取り去ることができれば、より一層の安全性を手に入れることが出来る。 In addition, in an abnormal battery system, there is an abnormal battery cell on the electric circuit, and there is no denying the possibility that it will be used again due to some electrical abnormality or malfunction. . In automobiles, there is a periodical inspection, and it is sufficient to replace defective battery cells at that time, but in the meantime, abnormal things must be held on the electric circuit. If possible, even greater safety can be obtained if it can be removed from the electrical circuit.
　さらに、ＨＥＶやＥＶ用途では、バッテリーシステムそのものの異常以外にも、事故や水没等の緊急事態にも、バッテリーシステムに起因する２次被害を防ぐために、電気回路を遮断させる必要が生じうる。また、電動工具の用途では、一部のバッテリセルに異常が生じた場合に全く駆動しないよりも、出力が多少落ちても駆動することが好ましい。 Furthermore, in HEV and EV applications, it may be necessary to cut off the electric circuit in order to prevent secondary damage caused by the battery system, not only in the abnormality of the battery system itself but also in an emergency such as an accident or submergence. Moreover, in the use of a power tool, it is preferable to drive even if the output is somewhat reduced, rather than not driving at all when some battery cells are abnormal.
　そこで、本発明は、バッテリセル等に異常が発生した場合に、回路全体の安全を図りつつ、回路全体が切れる事態を防止し、必要な電力を供給することができる保護回路、及びバッテリユニットを提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention provides a protection circuit and a battery unit that can prevent a situation in which the entire circuit is cut off and supply necessary electric power while ensuring safety of the entire circuit when an abnormality occurs in a battery cell or the like. The purpose is to provide.
　上述した課題を解決するために、本発明に係る保護回路は、複数のバッテリセルが直列に接続された複数のバッテリスタックが並列に接続された保護回路において、上記各バッテリスタックには、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを備える保護素子が組み込まれているものである。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a protection circuit according to the present invention includes a protection circuit in which a plurality of battery stacks in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series are connected in parallel, and each battery stack includes a heating resistor. A protective element comprising a body and a soluble conductor that constitutes a part of a current path for charging or discharging and is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor is incorporated.
　また、本発明に係るバッテリユニットは、複数のバッテリセルが直列に接続された複数のバッテリスタックが並列に接続されたバッテリユニットにおいて、上記各バッテリスタックには、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを備える保護素子が組み込まれ、上記複数のバッテリスタックは、上記保護素子がバッテリスタック毎に個別に制御されることにより、異常が起きたバッテリセルを有する上記バッテリスタックのみを回路上から除去するものである。 The battery unit according to the present invention is a battery unit in which a plurality of battery stacks in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series are connected in parallel, and each of the battery stacks includes a heating resistor and a charge or discharge. A protection element that includes a part of the current path and includes a fusible conductor that is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor is incorporated, and the plurality of battery stacks are individually provided for each battery stack. By being controlled, only the battery stack having the battery cell in which an abnormality has occurred is removed from the circuit.
　本発明によれば、一部のバッテリセルに異常が生じた場合、当該異常バッテリセルが組み込まれたバッテリスタックの保護素子を溶断させることにより、当該バッテリスタックを充放電経路上から除くとともに、残りのバッテリスタックによって電力を供給させることができる。 According to the present invention, when an abnormality occurs in some of the battery cells, the protection element of the battery stack in which the abnormal battery cell is incorporated is fused to remove the battery stack from the charge / discharge path and Power can be supplied by the battery stack.
　また、本発明によれば、保護素子として、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを備える保護素子を用いているため、可溶導体が溶断することにより、当該バッテリスタックを不可逆的に回路上から遮断することができる。 Further, according to the present invention, a protective element comprising a heating resistor and a soluble conductor that forms part of a current path for charging or discharging and is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor as the protection element. Since it is used, the battery stack can be irreversibly cut off from the circuit by melting the fusible conductor.
　さらに、本発明によれば、発熱抵抗体を発熱させるトリガーを過電圧以外にも設定することができ、バッテリによって駆動される機器側に応じて、必要な場面でバッテリスタックを電流経路上から遮断することができる。 Furthermore, according to the present invention, a trigger for generating heat from the heating resistor can be set in addition to the overvoltage, and the battery stack is cut off from the current path when necessary according to the device driven by the battery. be able to.
図１は、本発明が適用された保護回路が形成されたバッテリユニットを示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a battery unit in which a protection circuit to which the present invention is applied is formed. 図２Ａは、保護素子の構成を示す断面図、図２Ｂは、保護素子の構成を示す平面図である。2A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the protection element, and FIG. 2B is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the protection element. 図３は、保護素子の回路図である。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the protection element. 図４は、バッテリスタックの一構成例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the battery stack. 図５は、バッテリスタックの他の構成例を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack. 図６は、バッテリスタックの他の構成例を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack. 図７は、バッテリスタックの他の構成例を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack. 図８は、バッテリスタックの他の構成例を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the battery stack.
　以下、本発明が適用された保護回路、及びバッテリユニットについて、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下の実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の変更が可能であることは勿論である。また、図面は模式的なものであり、各寸法の比率等は現実のものとは異なることがある。具体的な寸法等は以下の説明を参酌して判断すべきものである。また、図面相互間においても互いの寸法の関係や比率が異なる部分が含まれていることは勿論である。 Hereinafter, a protection circuit and a battery unit to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Further, the drawings are schematic, and the ratio of each dimension may be different from the actual one. Specific dimensions should be determined in consideration of the following description. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.
　［保護回路］
　本発明が適用された保護回路１は、図１に示すように、複数のバッテリセル２が直列に接続された複数のバッテリスタック３を有し、各バッテリスタック３同士が、並列に接続されている。各バッテリスタック３には、それぞれ、保護素子５と、各バッテリセル２の異常電圧を検知する検知素子６と、バッテリスタック３内の充放電を制御するとともに、検知素子６の検出結果に応じて保護素子５を駆動するＢＭＳ制御素子７とが組み込まれている。 [Protection circuit]
As shown in FIG. 1, the protection circuit 1 to which the present invention is applied has a plurality of battery stacks 3 in which a plurality of battery cells 2 are connected in series, and the battery stacks 3 are connected in parallel. Yes. Each battery stack 3 includes a protection element 5, a detection element 6 for detecting an abnormal voltage of each battery cell 2, and charging / discharging in the battery stack 3, and according to a detection result of the detection element 6. A BMS control element 7 for driving the protection element 5 is incorporated.
　また、各バッテリスタック３は、充電モードと放電モードとを切り替えるスイッチ８と、充電モードの充電電流を流す充電用ダイオード９と、放電モードの放電電流を流す放電用ダイオード１０とを備える。 Each battery stack 3 includes a switch 8 that switches between a charging mode and a discharging mode, a charging diode 9 that flows a charging current in the charging mode, and a discharging diode 10 that flows a discharging current in the discharging mode.
　［保護素子の構成］
　保護素子５は、バッテリスタック３の出力を安全に遮断するために、制御素子７からの信号によって電流経路を遮断する機能を有するヒューズ素子からなり、電流経路の一部を構成するヒューズエレメントが溶断することにより、不可逆的に当該バッテリスタック３の電流経路を遮断する。 [Configuration of protection element]
The protective element 5 is composed of a fuse element having a function of interrupting a current path by a signal from the control element 7 in order to safely shut off the output of the battery stack 3, and a fuse element constituting a part of the current path is blown out. By doing so, the current path of the battery stack 3 is irreversibly cut off.
　具体的に、保護素子５は、図２Ａ及び図２Ｂに示すように、絶縁基板１１と、絶縁基板１１に積層され、絶縁部材１５に覆われた発熱抵抗体１４と、絶縁基板１１の両端に形成された電極１２（Ａ１），１２（Ａ２）と、絶縁部材１５上に発熱抵抗体１４と重畳するように積層された発熱体引出電極１６と、両端が電極１２（Ａ１），１２（Ａ２）にそれぞれ接続され、中央部が発熱体引出電極１６に接続された可溶導体１３とを備える。 Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the protective element 5 includes an insulating substrate 11, a heating resistor 14 laminated on the insulating substrate 11 and covered with an insulating member 15, and both ends of the insulating substrate 11. The formed electrodes 12 (A 1) and 12 (A 2), the heating element extraction electrode 16 laminated on the insulating member 15 so as to overlap the heating resistor 14, and both ends of the electrodes 12 (A 1) and 12 (A 2 ), And a soluble conductor 13 having a central portion connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16.
　方形状の絶縁基板１１は、たとえば、アルミナ、ガラスセラミックス、ムライト、ジルコニアなどの絶縁性を有する部材によって形成される。その他、ガラスエポキシ基板、フェノール基板等のプリント配線基板に用いられる材料を用いてもよいが、ヒューズ溶断時の温度に留意する必要がある。 The rectangular insulating substrate 11 is formed of an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, and the like. In addition, although the material used for printed wiring boards, such as a glass epoxy board | substrate and a phenol board | substrate, may be used, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature at the time of fuse blowing.
　発熱抵抗体１４は、比較的抵抗値が高く通電すると発熱する導電性を有する部材であって、たとえばＷ、Ｍｏ、Ｒｕ等からなる。これらの合金あるいは組成物、化合物の粉状体を樹脂バインダ等と混合して、ペースト状にしたものを絶縁基板１１上にスクリーン印刷技術を用いてパターン形成して、焼成する等によって形成する。 The heating resistor 14 is a conductive member that has a relatively high resistance value and generates heat when energized, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. These alloys, compositions, or compound powders are mixed with a resin binder or the like to form a paste on the insulating substrate 11 by patterning using a screen printing technique and firing.
　発熱抵抗体１４を覆うように絶縁部材１５が配置され、この絶縁部材１５を介して発熱抵抗体１４に対向するように発熱体引出電極１６が配置される。発熱抵抗体１４の熱を効率良く可溶導体に伝えるために、発熱抵抗体１４と絶縁基板１１の間に絶縁部材１５を積層しても良い。 The insulating member 15 is disposed so as to cover the heating resistor 14, and the heating element extraction electrode 16 is disposed so as to face the heating resistor 14 through the insulating member 15. In order to efficiently transfer the heat of the heating resistor 14 to the soluble conductor, an insulating member 15 may be laminated between the heating resistor 14 and the insulating substrate 11.
　発熱体引出電極１６の一端は、発熱体電極１８（Ｐ１）に接続される。また、発熱抵抗体１４の他端は、他方の発熱体電極１８（Ｐ２）に接続される。 One end of the heating element extraction electrode 16 is connected to the heating element electrode 18 (P1). The other end of the heating resistor 14 is connected to the other heating element electrode 18 (P2).
　可溶導体１３は、発熱抵抗体１４の発熱、又は可溶導体１３の自己発熱により速やかに溶断される低融点金属からなり、例えばＳｎを主成分とするＰｂフリーハンダを好適に用いることができる。また、可溶導体１３は、低融点金属と、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ又はこれらを主成分とする合金等の高融点金属との積層体であってもよい。 The fusible conductor 13 is made of a low-melting-point metal that is quickly melted by the heat generated by the heating resistor 14 or the self-heating of the fusible conductor 13, and for example, Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component can be suitably used. . The soluble conductor 13 may be a laminate of a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal such as Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing these as a main component.
　高融点金属と低融点金属とを積層することによって、保護素子５をリフロー実装する場合に、リフロー温度が低融点金属層の溶融温度を超えて、低融点金属が溶融しても、可溶導体１３として溶断するに至らない。かかる可溶導体１３は、高融点金属に低融点金属をメッキ技術を用いて成膜することによって形成してもよく、他の周知の積層技術、膜形成技術を用いることによって形成してもよい。なお、可溶導体１３は、外層を構成する低融点金属を用いて、発熱体引出電極１６及び電極１２（Ａ１），１２（Ａ２）へ、ハンダ接続することができる。 Even if the reflow temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the low melting point metal layer and the low melting point metal melts when the protective element 5 is reflow mounted by laminating the high melting point metal and the low melting point metal, the soluble conductor 13 does not lead to fusing. Such a soluble conductor 13 may be formed by depositing a low melting point metal on a high melting point metal by using a plating technique, or may be formed by using another known lamination technique or film forming technique. . The fusible conductor 13 can be solder-connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) using a low melting point metal constituting the outer layer.
　なお、保護素子５は、外層の低融点金属層１３ｂの酸化防止のために、可溶導体１３上のほぼ全面にフラックス１７を塗布してもよい。また、保護素子５は、内部を保護するためにカバー部材１９を絶縁基板１１上に載置してもよい。 The protective element 5 may be coated with a flux 17 on almost the entire surface of the soluble conductor 13 in order to prevent oxidation of the outer low melting point metal layer 13b. Further, the protection element 5 may place the cover member 19 on the insulating substrate 11 in order to protect the inside.
　以上のような本発明が適用された保護素子５は、図３に示すような回路構成を有する。すなわち、保護素子５は、発熱体引出電極１６を介して直列接続された可溶導体１３と、可溶導体１３の接続点を介して通電して発熱させることによって可溶導体１３を溶融する発熱抵抗体１４とからなる回路構成である。また、保護素子５では、たとえば、可溶導体１３が充放電電流経路上に直列接続され、発熱抵抗体１４がＢＭＳ制御素子７と接続される。保護素子５の２個の電極１２のうち、一方は、Ａ１に接続され、他方は、Ａ２に接続される。また、発熱体引出電極１６とこれに接続された発熱体電極１８は、Ｐ１に接続され、他方の発熱体電極１８は、Ｐ２に接続される。 The protective element 5 to which the present invention as described above is applied has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. In other words, the protective element 5 generates heat by melting the soluble conductor 13 by energizing the fusible conductor 13 connected in series via the heating element lead electrode 16 and the connecting point of the fusible conductor 13 to generate heat. This is a circuit configuration including the resistor 14. In the protection element 5, for example, the fusible conductor 13 is connected in series on the charge / discharge current path, and the heating resistor 14 is connected to the BMS control element 7. One of the two electrodes 12 of the protective element 5 is connected to A1, and the other is connected to A2. Further, the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the heating element electrode 18 connected thereto are connected to P1, and the other heating element electrode 18 is connected to P2.
　［ＢＭＳ制御素子７／検知素子６］
　検知素子６は、各バッテリセル２の電圧を検出する。ＢＭＳ制御素子７は、検知素子６の検出結果に応じて、発熱体電極１８に通電し、保護素子５の可溶導体１３を溶断する。 [BMS control element 7 / detection element 6]
The sensing element 6 detects the voltage of each battery cell 2. The BMS control element 7 energizes the heating element electrode 18 according to the detection result of the detection element 6, and melts the soluble conductor 13 of the protection element 5.
　なお、保護素子５は、バッテリセル２の異常による過電流によっても、可溶導体１３が自己発熱によって溶断し、電流経路を遮断することができる。あるいは、保護素子５は、検知素子６によって過電流を検知しＢＭＳ制御素子７によって発熱抵抗体１４を発熱させ、可溶導体１３を溶断させてもよい。 Note that the protection element 5 can cut off the current path by melting the fusible conductor 13 by self-heating even when an overcurrent occurs due to an abnormality in the battery cell 2. Alternatively, the protection element 5 may detect an overcurrent with the detection element 6, cause the heating resistor 14 to generate heat with the BMS control element 7, and melt the soluble conductor 13.
　このように、保護素子５は、可溶導体１３が発熱抵抗体１４の熱によって、あるいは自己発熱によって溶断するため、電流経路を不可逆的に遮断することができ、回路の異常動作による影響がない。したがって、保護素子としての機能を確実に実現することができる。また、保護素子５は、いわゆるヒューズ方式の保護素子のように、過電流でのみ動作するものではなく、異常電圧や、後述するその他の要因によっても作動させることができ、あらゆる事態に対応することができる。また、保護素子５は、電気スイッチ方式の保護素子のように、電流経路の遮断状態の維持に電力を必要とせず、遮断状態を確実に維持することができる。 Thus, since the soluble conductor 13 is blown by the heat of the heating resistor 14 or by self-heating, the protection element 5 can irreversibly cut off the current path and is not affected by abnormal circuit operation. . Therefore, the function as a protection element can be realized reliably. In addition, the protection element 5 does not operate only with an overcurrent like a so-called fuse-type protection element, and can be activated by an abnormal voltage or other factors described later, and can cope with any situation. Can do. Further, unlike the electrical switch type protection element, the protection element 5 does not require power to maintain the current path interruption state, and can reliably maintain the interruption state.
　［バッテリユニット］
　バッテリスタック３は、過充電及び過放電状態から保護するための制御を要するバッテリセル２が直列接続されたものであり、正極端子３ａ、負極端子３ｂを介して、他のバッテリスタック３と並列に接続されたバッテリユニット２０を構成する。バッテリユニット２０は、着脱可能に充電装置２５に接続され、充電装置２５からの充電電圧が印加される。充電装置２５により充電されたバッテリユニット２０は、バッテリで動作する電子機器やＥＶ等に電力を供給することによって、この電子機器やＥＶ等を動作させることができる。 [Battery unit]
The battery stack 3 is a series of battery cells 2 that need to be controlled to protect against overcharge and overdischarge states. The battery stack 3 is connected in parallel with other battery stacks 3 via a positive terminal 3a and a negative terminal 3b. A connected battery unit 20 is configured. The battery unit 20 is detachably connected to the charging device 25, and a charging voltage from the charging device 25 is applied thereto. The battery unit 20 charged by the charging device 25 can operate the electronic device, EV, and the like by supplying power to the electronic device, EV, and the like that operate on the battery.
　なお、バッテリユニット２０は、図１に示すように、各バッテリスタック３が並列に接続されている電流経路の一部に、保護素子５が設けられている。保護素子５は、バッテリユニット２０全体の充放電を統一的に制御する図示しないＢＭＳ制御素子と接続され、バッテリユニット２０全体の充放電経路を強制的に遮断するものである。 As shown in FIG. 1, the battery unit 20 is provided with a protection element 5 in a part of a current path where the battery stacks 3 are connected in parallel. The protection element 5 is connected to a BMS control element (not shown) for uniformly controlling charging / discharging of the entire battery unit 20 and forcibly blocks the charging / discharging path of the entire battery unit 20.
　このバッテリユニット２０によれば、複数のバッテリスタック３が並列に接続されているため、従来のバッテリセル２を用いて、大電流、高電圧を要するＨＥＶやＥＶのバッテリを構成することができる。このとき、バッテリユニット２０によれば、一部のバッテリセル２に異常が生じた場合、当該異常バッテリセルが組み込まれたバッテリスタック３の保護素子５を溶断させることにより、当該バッテリスタック３を充放電経路上から除くとともに、残りのバッテリスタック３によって電力を供給させることができる。 According to the battery unit 20, since the plurality of battery stacks 3 are connected in parallel, a conventional battery cell 2 can be used to constitute a HEV or EV battery that requires a large current and a high voltage. At this time, according to the battery unit 20, when an abnormality occurs in some of the battery cells 2, the protection element 5 of the battery stack 3 in which the abnormal battery cell is incorporated is melted to fill the battery stack 3. In addition to being removed from the discharge path, power can be supplied by the remaining battery stack 3.
　したがって、バッテリユニット２０は、走行中にバッテリーシステムの異常が起きた際にも、修理工場もしくは安全な場所まで移動するための駆動力、あるいはハザードランプやエアコン用の駆動力を供給することができる。 Therefore, the battery unit 20 can supply driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place or driving force for a hazard lamp or an air conditioner even when an abnormality of the battery system occurs during traveling. .
　［保護素子の配置例１］
　次いで、各バッテリスタック３における、保護素子５の配置について説明する。各バッテリスタック３は、図４に示すように、電流経路の出力端に一つの保護素子５を設けることができる。図４に示すバッテリスタック３は、検知素子６によって、各バッテリセル２の異常電圧が検知されると、ＢＭＳ制御素子７によって保護素子５の発熱体電極１８が通電される。これにより、当該バッテリスタック３は、保護素子５の発熱抵抗体１４が発熱して可溶導体１３が溶断し、バッテリユニット２０の電流経路上から除かれる。したがって、バッテリユニット２０は、当該バッテリスタック３の充放電が防止され、異常発熱等を未然に防止することができる。また、バッテリユニット２０は、ＥＶやＨＥＶの走行中にバッテリーシステムの異常が起きた際にも、修理工場もしくは安全な場所まで移動するための駆動力、あるいはハザードランプやエアコン用の駆動力を供給できる。 [Protective element arrangement example 1]
Next, the arrangement of the protection element 5 in each battery stack 3 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, each battery stack 3 can be provided with one protective element 5 at the output end of the current path. In the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 4, when an abnormal voltage of each battery cell 2 is detected by the detection element 6, the heating element electrode 18 of the protection element 5 is energized by the BMS control element 7. As a result, in the battery stack 3, the heat generating resistor 14 of the protection element 5 generates heat and the soluble conductor 13 is melted and removed from the current path of the battery unit 20. Therefore, the battery unit 20 can prevent charging / discharging of the battery stack 3 and can prevent abnormal heat generation and the like. In addition, the battery unit 20 supplies driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place, or driving power for hazard lamps or air conditioners when an abnormality occurs in the battery system during EV or HEV traveling. it can.
　［保護素子の配置例２］
　また、各バッテリスタック３は、図５に示すように、保護素子５がバッテリセル２間に接続されてもよい。図５に示すバッテリスタック３によれば、異常が起きたバッテリセル２に近い箇所の保護素子５を溶断することができ、異常が起きたバッテリセル２の充放電を確実に防止するとともに、当該異常セルに隣接する他のバッテリセル２への影響を抑えることができる。 [Protection element arrangement example 2]
In each battery stack 3, the protection element 5 may be connected between the battery cells 2 as shown in FIG. 5. According to the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 5, the protective element 5 at a location close to the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred can be fused, and charging / discharging of the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred can be reliably prevented, The influence on the other battery cell 2 adjacent to the abnormal cell can be suppressed.
　なお、同図に示すように、各バッテリスタック３は、一つのバッテリセル２に対応して一つの保護素子５を設け、バッテリセル２と保護素子５とを交互に接続してもよい。かかる構成によっても、異常セルに近い保護素子５を溶断することができる。 In addition, as shown in the figure, each battery stack 3 may be provided with one protection element 5 corresponding to one battery cell 2, and the battery cells 2 and the protection elements 5 may be alternately connected. Even with this configuration, the protective element 5 close to the abnormal cell can be fused.
　［保護素子の配置例３］
　また、各バッテリスタック３は、図６に示すように、各バッテリセル２の前後に、保護素子５が接続されるようにしてもよい。図６に示すバッテリスタック３は、異常が起きたバッテリセル２の前後に接続された保護素子５を溶断することで、当該異常セルをバッテリスタック３の電流経路上から物理的に切り離すことができる。したがって、当該バッテリスタック３によれば、異常が起きたバッテリセル２の充放電をより確実に防止するとともに、当該異常セルに隣接する他のバッテリセル２への影響を確実に抑えることができる。 [Protection Element Arrangement Example 3]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the protection elements 5 may be connected to each battery stack 3 before and after each battery cell 2. The battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 6 can physically separate the abnormal cell from the current path of the battery stack 3 by fusing the protective elements 5 connected before and after the abnormal battery cell 2. . Therefore, according to the battery stack 3, charging / discharging of the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred can be prevented more reliably, and the influence on the other battery cells 2 adjacent to the abnormal cell can be reliably suppressed.
　［保護素子の配置例４］
　また、各バッテリスタック３は、図７に示すように、スイッチ８と充電用ダイオード９との間に保護素子５が接続されるようにしてもよい。図７に示すバッテリスタック３は、スイッチ８と充電用ダイオード９との間に接続された保護素子５を溶断することで、充電モードの電流経路上から物理的に切り離すことができる。したがって、当該バッテリスタック３によれば、異常が起きたバッテリセル２への充電を防止するものの、スイッチ８により放電は可能とすることができる。 [Protection Element Arrangement Example 4]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, each battery stack 3 may have a protective element 5 connected between the switch 8 and the charging diode 9. The battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 7 can be physically separated from the current path in the charging mode by fusing the protective element 5 connected between the switch 8 and the charging diode 9. Therefore, according to the battery stack 3, the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred is prevented from being charged, but can be discharged by the switch 8.
　［保護素子の配置例５］
　また、各バッテリスタック３は、図８に示すように、充電モード及び放電モードの電流経路上に保護素子５が接続されるようにしてもよい。図８に示すバッテリスタック３は、図４に示すバッテリスタック３と同様、保護素子５を溶断することで、バッテリユニット２０の電流経路上から除かれる。したがって、バッテリユニット２０は、当該バッテリスタック３の充放電が防止され、異常発熱等を未然に防止することができる。 [Protection element arrangement example 5]
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, each battery stack 3 may be configured such that the protection element 5 is connected to the current paths in the charge mode and the discharge mode. The battery stack 3 shown in FIG. 8 is removed from the current path of the battery unit 20 by fusing the protective element 5 in the same manner as the battery stack 3 shown in FIG. Therefore, the battery unit 20 can prevent charging / discharging of the battery stack 3 and can prevent abnormal heat generation and the like.
　［ＢＭＳ制御素子７の駆動トリガー］
　なお、上記では、バッテリスタック３内におけるバッテリセル２の異常電圧を検知することにより保護素子５を溶断させて、当該バッテリスタック３を電流経路上から切り離すようにしたが、保護素子５を溶断させるトリガーとしては、バッテリユニット２０が搭載される機器側に応じて種々設定することができる。 [Drive trigger for BMS control element 7]
In the above description, the protection element 5 is blown by detecting an abnormal voltage of the battery cell 2 in the battery stack 3, and the battery stack 3 is separated from the current path. However, the protection element 5 is blown. Various triggers can be set according to the device side on which the battery unit 20 is mounted.
　例えばバッテリユニット２０をＥＶやＨＥＶに搭載する場合や電動工具に搭載する場合、バッテリセル２の異常の他にも、事故による衝撃や、水没、火災等による温度上昇といった事態が起きた場合にＢＭＳ制御素子７に指令が発信され、各バッテリスタック３の保護素子５を溶断し、電流経路を遮断するようにしてもよい。また、他のバッテリセル２に比して、特に劣化が進んだバッテリセル２が生じた場合にも、当該バッテリセル２の影響を抑えるために、保護素子５を溶断し、電流経路から切り離すようにしてもよい。また、バッテリユニット２０を家庭用電源として用いる場合、火災や、大規模地震による倒壊、津波による水没等の事態が起きた場合にも、各バッテリスタック３の保護素子５を溶断し、電流経路を遮断するようにしてもよい。 For example, when the battery unit 20 is mounted on an EV or HEV, or mounted on a power tool, in addition to the abnormality of the battery cell 2, when a situation such as an impact due to an accident, a temperature increase due to submergence, fire, etc. occurs, BMS A command may be transmitted to the control element 7 so that the protection element 5 of each battery stack 3 is melted to interrupt the current path. In addition, even when a battery cell 2 that has deteriorated in particular occurs in comparison with other battery cells 2, in order to suppress the influence of the battery cell 2, the protection element 5 is melted and disconnected from the current path. It may be. In addition, when the battery unit 20 is used as a household power source, the protection element 5 of each battery stack 3 is blown out in the event of a fire, collapse due to a large-scale earthquake, or submergence due to a tsunami. You may make it interrupt.
１　保護回路、２　バッテリセル、３　バッテリスタック、５　保護素子、６　検知素子、７　ＢＭＳ制御素子、１１　絶縁基板、１２　電極、１３　可溶導体、１４　発熱抵抗体、１５　絶縁部材、１６　発熱体引出電極、１７　フラックス、１８　発熱体電極、１９　カバー部材、２０　バッテリユニット、２４　充電装置 1 protection circuit, 2 battery cell, 3 battery stack, 5 protection element, 6 sensing element, 7 BMS control element, 11 insulating substrate, 12 electrodes, 13 soluble conductor, 14 heating resistor, 15 insulating member, 16 heating element extraction Electrode, 17 flux, 18 heating element electrode, 19 cover member, 20 battery unit, 24 charging device

Claims (7)

  1. 　複数のバッテリセルが直列に接続された複数のバッテリスタックが並列に接続された保護回路において、
    　上記各バッテリスタックには、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを備える保護素子が組み込まれている保護回路。     In a protection circuit in which a plurality of battery stacks in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series are connected in parallel,
    Each of the battery stacks incorporates a protection element that includes a heating resistor and a soluble conductor that forms part of the current path for charging or discharging and that is fused by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor. Protection circuit.
  2. 　上記各バッテリスタックは、上記保護素子が上記バッテリセル間に接続されている請求項１記載の保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the battery stacks has the protection element connected between the battery cells.
  3. 　上記各バッテリスタックは、上記保護素子と上記バッテリセルとが、交互に接続されている請求項２記載の保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein each of the battery stacks has the protection element and the battery cell connected alternately.
  4. 　上記各バッテリスタックは、上記バッテリセルの前後に、上記保護素子が接続されている請求項３記載の保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein each of the battery stacks is connected to the protection element before and after the battery cell.
  5. 　上記各バッテリスタックは、充電又は放電を切り替えるスイッチを備え、上記スイッチの充電の分岐経路上に上記保護素子が接続されている請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載の保護回路。 Each said battery stack is provided with the switch which switches charge or discharge, The protection circuit of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 4 with which the said protection element is connected on the branch path | route of the charge of the said switch.
  6. 　上記各バッテリスタックには、それぞれ、保護素子と、上記保護素子を駆動する制御素子と、上記各バッテリセルの異常電圧を検知する検知素子とが組み込まれている請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載の保護回路。 Each of the battery stacks includes a protection element, a control element that drives the protection element, and a detection element that detects an abnormal voltage of each of the battery cells. The protection circuit according to the item.
  7. 　複数のバッテリセルが直列に接続された複数のバッテリスタックが並列に接続されたバッテリユニットにおいて、
    　上記各バッテリスタックには、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを備える保護素子が組み込まれ、
    　上記複数のバッテリスタックは、上記保護素子がバッテリスタック毎に個別に制御されることにより異常が起きたバッテリセルを有する上記バッテリスタックのみを回路上から除去するバッテリユニット。     In a battery unit in which a plurality of battery stacks in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series are connected in parallel,
    Each of the battery stacks includes a heating element and a protective element that includes a soluble conductor that forms part of the current path for charging or discharging and that is melted by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor.
    The plurality of battery stacks is a battery unit that removes only the battery stack having a battery cell in which an abnormality has occurred by individually controlling the protection element for each battery stack from the circuit.
PCT/JP2014/050522 2014-01-15 2014-01-15 Protective circuit and battery unit WO2015107630A1 (en)

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EP3336925A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-20 Lithium Energy and Power GmbH & Co. KG Cell connecting element

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JP2008193776A (en) * 2007-02-01 2008-08-21 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Power supply unit for vehicle
JP2012050258A (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-08 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Power supply device
JP2012157217A (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-16 Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd Battery unit
JP2012231649A (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-22 Sony Chemical & Information Device Corp Charge/discharge controller, battery pack, electric apparatus, and charge/discharge control method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008193776A (en) * 2007-02-01 2008-08-21 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Power supply unit for vehicle
JP2012050258A (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-08 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Power supply device
JP2012157217A (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-16 Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd Battery unit
JP2012231649A (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-22 Sony Chemical & Information Device Corp Charge/discharge controller, battery pack, electric apparatus, and charge/discharge control method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3336925A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-20 Lithium Energy and Power GmbH & Co. KG Cell connecting element
WO2018108736A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-21 Lithium Energy and Power GmbH & Co. KG Cell connecting element

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