WO2015008526A1 - 超音波流量計及び超音波流量計用の超音波吸収体 - Google Patents
超音波流量計及び超音波流量計用の超音波吸収体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015008526A1 WO2015008526A1 PCT/JP2014/062694 JP2014062694W WO2015008526A1 WO 2015008526 A1 WO2015008526 A1 WO 2015008526A1 JP 2014062694 W JP2014062694 W JP 2014062694W WO 2015008526 A1 WO2015008526 A1 WO 2015008526A1
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- ultrasonic
- rubber layer
- pipe
- reception unit
- absorber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flow meter, and more particularly to an ultrasonic flow meter that measures the flow rate of a fluid flowing through a pipe.
- an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver is installed on each of the outer circumference on the upstream side of the pipe and the outer circumference on the downstream side of the pipe.
- One that measures time and calculates the flow velocity of a fluid based on these propagation times is known.
- the ultrasonic wave emitted from the transmitter propagates through the fluid and reaches the receiver, and the pipe propagates through the pipe wall and propagates to the receiver.
- the fluid propagation wave is a signal component necessary for measurement, and the pipe propagation wave is a noise component superimposed on the signal component.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example of an ultrasonic flowmeter in which a damping material is provided on a pipe.
- the material of the damping material In order to further attenuate the energy of the pipe propagation wave, it is preferable to select the material of the damping material and increase the film thickness of the damping material.
- the SN ratio in measurement is improved. For example, when the fluid pressure is low, the signal energy of the fluid propagation wave decreases and the S / N ratio decreases, but the damping material is made thick to reduce the energy of the pipe propagation wave and suppress the S / N ratio decrease. Is possible.
- Such a damping material is often rubber. If a soft damping material mainly made of rubber is formed thick on the outer wall of the pipe, the damping material may move due to the weight of the damping material over a long period of time, and uneven thickness may occur. When the damping material contains particles for adjusting the acoustic impedance, the weight increases further, and the tendency of the thickness to change increases. If the thickness of the damping material covering the pipe surface becomes non-uniform, the damping performance is hindered and the SN ratio of the ultrasonic flowmeter is lowered.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic flowmeter that suppresses the movement of the damping material applied to the pipe of the ultrasonic flowmeter so that the SN ratio does not decrease. Moreover, it aims at providing the damping material suitable for an ultrasonic flowmeter.
- one aspect of the ultrasonic flowmeter of the present invention is provided on the outer periphery on the upstream side in a pipe through which gas flows, and a first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves,
- a second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit that is provided on the downstream outer periphery of the pipe and transmits and receives ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit are the second ultrasonic waves.
- a main body for measuring a flow rate and an ultrasonic absorber that is provided on an outer periphery of the pipe and absorbs a pipe propagation wave through which the ultrasonic wave propagates through the pipe.
- the ultrasonic absorber is an outer periphery of the pipe.
- the first rubber layer makes a round with less viscoelasticity (hardness) than the first rubber layer.
- the particles in the rubber layer be adjusted so that the first and second rubber layers have the same acoustic impedance.
- the pipe propagation wave is prevented from being reflected at the rubber layer interface, and the pipe propagation wave is diffused to the first rubber layer and the second rubber layer to propagate the pipe. Wave energy is absorbed.
- This adjustment is performed, for example, so that the total weight of the particles contained in each of the first and second rubber layers is equal.
- metal particles tungsten, ferrite, barium sulfate, etc.
- the time until the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the outer periphery on the upstream side in the pipe through which gas flows is received on the outer periphery on the downstream side in the pipe,
- An ultrasonic absorber for an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the flow rate of the gas based on the time until the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the outer circumference is received at the outer circumference on the upstream side of the pipe,
- the acoustic impedances of the first and second rubber layers are equal by adjusting the total weight of the particles contained in the first rubber layer and the total weight of the particles contained in the second rubber layer. It is adjusted to become. As a result, the pipe propagation wave diffuses into the first and second rubber layers and attenuates the energy of the noise component.
- the ultrasonic absorber (damping material) covering the pipe since the time-dependent deformation of the ultrasonic absorber (damping material) covering the pipe is suppressed, the deterioration of the damping performance of the ultrasonic absorber with respect to the pipe propagation wave is suppressed. Since the ultrasonic absorber covering the pipe is less deformed, the SN ratio in the ultrasonic flowmeter is prevented from decreasing over time.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the ultrasonic flowmeter 100.
- the ultrasonic flowmeter 100 is for measuring the flow rate of a gas (gas) flowing inside the pipe A.
- the gas that is the measurement target of the ultrasonic flowmeter 100 flows in the direction indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 1 (the direction from left to right in FIG. 1).
- the ultrasonic flowmeter 100 includes a first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A, a second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B, a main body unit 50, and an ultrasonic absorber 10.
- the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B are provided on the outer periphery of the pipe A, respectively.
- the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> A is disposed on the upstream side in the pipe A
- the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> B is disposed on the downstream side in the pipe A.
- the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B transmit and receive ultrasonic waves, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves to and from each other.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A is received by the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B, and the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is received by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A. Is done.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A shown in FIG.
- the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> A includes a wedge 21 and a piezoelectric element 22.
- the wedge 21 is for making ultrasonic waves incident on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe A at a predetermined angle, and is a resin or metal member.
- the wedge 21 is installed such that the bottom surface 21 a contacts the outer peripheral surface of the pipe A. Further, the wedge 21 is formed with a slope 21b having a predetermined angle with respect to the bottom surface 21a.
- a piezoelectric element 22 is installed on the slope 21b.
- a contact medium may be interposed between the bottom surface 21a and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe A.
- the piezoelectric element 22 is for transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving ultrasonic waves.
- a lead wire (not shown) is electrically connected to the piezoelectric element 22.
- the piezoelectric element 22 vibrates at the predetermined frequency and emits an ultrasonic wave. Thereby, an ultrasonic wave is transmitted.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the piezoelectric element 22 propagates through the wedge 21 at an angle of the inclined surface 21b.
- the ultrasonic wave propagating through the wedge 21 is refracted at the interface between the wedge 21 and the outer wall of the pipe A to change the incident angle, and further refracted and incident at the interface between the inner wall of the pipe A and the gas flowing in the pipe A.
- the angle changes and propagates through the gas. Since the refraction at the interface follows Snell's law, the angle of the inclined surface 21b is set in advance based on the speed of the ultrasonic wave when propagating through the pipe A and the speed of the ultrasonic wave when propagating through the gas. Can be incident on the gas at a desired incident angle and propagated.
- the piezoelectric element 22 vibrates at the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to generate an electric signal. Thereby, an ultrasonic wave is received. An electrical signal generated in the piezoelectric element 22 is detected by a main body 50 described later via a lead wire.
- the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B has the same configuration as the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A. That is, the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> B also includes a wedge 21 and a piezoelectric element 22. Therefore, the detailed description of the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is omitted from the description of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A.
- the main body 50 shown in FIG. 1 is for measuring the flow rate of the gas based on the time during which the ultrasonic wave propagates through the gas flowing in the pipe A.
- the main body unit 50 includes an outline, a switching unit 51, a transmission circuit unit 52, a reception circuit unit 53, a timer unit 54, a calculation control unit 55, and an input / output unit 56.
- the switching unit 51 is for switching between transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves.
- the switching unit 51 is connected to the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B.
- the switching unit 51 can be configured to include, for example, a changeover switch.
- the switching unit 51 switches the changeover switch based on a control signal input from the arithmetic control unit 55 and connects one of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B to the transmission circuit unit 52.
- the other of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> B is connected to the reception circuit unit 53.
- one of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B transmits an ultrasonic wave, and the other of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B Ultrasound can be received.
- the transmission circuit unit 52 is for causing the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B to transmit ultrasonic waves.
- the transmission circuit unit 52 can be configured to include, for example, an oscillation circuit that generates a rectangular wave with a predetermined frequency, a drive circuit that drives the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A, and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B. .
- the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B using the rectangular wave generated by the oscillation circuit as a drive signal. Is output to one of the piezoelectric elements 22. Thereby, one piezoelectric element 22 of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is driven, and the piezoelectric element 22 transmits ultrasonic waves.
- the receiving circuit unit 53 is for detecting the ultrasonic waves received by the first ultrasonic transmitting / receiving unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmitting / receiving unit 20B.
- the receiving circuit unit 53 can include, for example, an amplifier circuit that amplifies a signal with a predetermined gain (gain), a filter circuit that extracts an electric signal with a predetermined frequency, and the like.
- gain a predetermined gain
- filter circuit that extracts an electric signal with a predetermined frequency
- the reception circuit unit 53 Based on the control signal input from the arithmetic control unit 55, the reception circuit unit 53 receives the electrical signal output from one piezoelectric element 22 of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B. Amplify, filter and convert to received signal.
- the reception circuit unit 53 outputs the converted reception signal to the calculation control unit 55.
- the timer 54 is for measuring time in a predetermined period.
- the timer unit 54 can be constituted by, for example, an oscillation circuit. Note that the oscillation circuit may be shared with the transmission circuit unit 52.
- the timer 54 measures the time by counting the number of reference waves of the oscillation circuit based on the start signal and stop signal input from the arithmetic control unit 55.
- the time measuring unit 54 outputs the measured time to the calculation control unit 55.
- the calculation control unit 55 is for calculating the flow rate of the gas flowing inside the pipe A by calculation.
- the arithmetic control unit 55 can be configured by, for example, a CPU, a memory such as a ROM or a RAM, an input / output interface, or the like.
- the arithmetic control unit 55 controls each part of the main body unit 50 such as the switching unit 51, the transmission circuit unit 52, the reception circuit unit 53, the time measuring unit 54, and the input / output unit 56. Note that a method by which the arithmetic control unit 55 calculates the gas flow rate will be described later.
- the input / output unit 56 is for a user (user) to input information and to output information to the user.
- the input / output unit 56 can be configured by, for example, input means such as operation buttons, output means such as a display display, and the like.
- input means such as operation buttons
- output means such as a display display, and the like.
- various types of information such as settings are input to the arithmetic control unit 55 via the input / output unit 56.
- the input / output unit 56 displays and outputs information such as the gas flow rate, the gas velocity, and the integrated flow rate during a predetermined period calculated by the calculation control unit 55 on a display display or the like.
- FIG. 3 is a side sectional view for explaining a method of calculating the flow rate of the gas flowing inside the pipe A.
- the velocity (hereinafter referred to as the flow velocity) of the gas flowing in a predetermined direction (the direction from the left side to the right side in FIG. 3) inside the pipe A is V [m / s], and exceeds the inside of the gas.
- the velocity at which the sound wave propagates (hereinafter referred to as the sound velocity) is C [m / s]
- the propagation path length of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the gas is L [m]
- the propagation axis of the pipe A and the ultrasonic wave of the pipe A Let ⁇ be the angle formed with the path.
- the propagation time t 12 to the ultrasonic wave propagates through the gas inside the pipe a is represented by the following formula (1).
- t 12 L / (C + V cos ⁇ ) (1)
- V (L / 2 cos ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ (1 / t 12 ) ⁇ (1 / t 21 ) ⁇ (3)
- the flow rate Q [m 3 / s] of the gas flowing inside the pipe A is determined using the flow velocity V [m / s], the complement coefficient K and the cross-sectional area S [m 2 / s] of the pipe A. It is represented by the following formula (4).
- Q KVS (4)
- the arithmetic control unit 55 stores the propagation path length L, the angle ⁇ , the complement coefficient K, and the cross-sectional area S of the pipe A in a memory or the like in advance. Then, the arithmetic control unit 55 based on the reception signal input from the reception circuit unit 53, by measuring the propagation time t 12 and the propagation time t 21 by the timer 54, from the equation (3) and (4) The flow rate Q of the gas flowing inside the pipe A can be calculated.
- the arithmetic control unit 55 may calculate the gas flow rate by another method, for example, a known propagation time difference method.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted by one of the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A propagates the gas inside the pipe A, and the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A.
- the example which receives directly in the other of 2 ultrasonic transmission / reception part 20A was shown, it is not limited to this.
- the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 ⁇ / b> B are both disposed on the same side surface side of the pipe A, and are reflected once in a V shape on the inner wall of the pipe A and propagate in the gas. It is good also as measuring.
- an ultrasonic wave reflected n times (n is a natural number) on the inner wall of the pipe A may be received.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 shown in FIG. 1 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe A. Specifically, the ultrasonic absorber 10 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe A so as to cover at least a region between the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B. It is fixed in close contact with the outer peripheral surface. First ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit of ultrasonic absorber 10 such that first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B are in direct contact with the outer peripheral surface of pipe A. In the portion where 20B is arranged, a part of the ultrasonic absorber 10 is cut into a frame shape.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 can use, for example, uncrosslinked butyl rubber (IIR, a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene) as a main material.
- IIR uncrosslinked butyl rubber
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining how the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving unit 20A is received by the second ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving unit 20B.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is composed of a single layer.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is formed of a plurality of layers. Yes.
- ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 20A includes a gas propagating wave W 1 which passes through the pipe A (transmitted) to propagating inside of the gas pipe A, pipe It is divided into a pipe propagating wave W 2 propagating in the a.
- Gas propagating wave W 1 reaches the second ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 20B through the pipe A again.
- the pipe propagating wave W 2 may also reach the second ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 20B while being reflected several times by the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe A.
- the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the second ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 20A is also a gas propagating wave W 1 pipe
- the propagation wave W 2 is divided into the propagation wave W 2
- the gas propagation wave W 1 passes through the pipe A and reaches the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20 A
- the pipe propagation wave W 2 also reflects the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe A multiple times. However, it can reach the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A.
- a sound wave propagating through one medium is transmitted (passed) or reflected at an interface with the other medium is determined by a difference in acoustic impedance between the one medium and the other medium. That is, the smaller the difference in acoustic impedance, the more the sound wave propagating through one medium is transmitted to the other medium, and the greater the difference in acoustic impedance, the more sound wave propagating through one medium is reflected at the interface with the other medium.
- the difference between the acoustic impedance of the liquid and the acoustic impedance of the pipe material for example, a metal such as stainless steel (SUS) or a polymer compound such as synthetic resin is Since the ultrasonic wave is relatively small, the ultrasonic wave transmits (passes) through the pipe A and propagates (flows) through the liquid flowing in the inside (transmission) is large (large). rate) is small (small), the piping propagating wave W 2 energy (size or strength) is small. On the other hand, the acoustic impedance of gas is small compared to the acoustic impedance of liquid.
- a metal such as stainless steel (SUS) or a polymer compound such as synthetic resin
- the difference between the acoustic impedance of the gas and the acoustic impedance of the pipe A is relatively large, so that the ultrasonic wave transmits (passes) the pipe A.
- the gas propagation wave W 1 is a signal to be detected (signal component). is S)
- piping propagating wave W 2 is the noise to the signal (noise component N). Therefore, the gas propagating wave W 1 of the energy (size or strength) pipe propagating wave W 2 of the energy (size or strength) with respect to the is not sufficiently small, the pipe propagates a gas propagating wave W 1 it is difficult to distinguish the wave W 2. As a result, there is a possibility that the gas propagation wave W 1 and the pipe propagation wave W 2 will be mistaken for the measurement of the propagation time and the gas flow rate will be measured based on the erroneous propagation time.
- Ultrasonic absorber 10 is provided on the outer circumference of the pipe A, it absorbs pipe propagating wave W 2 propagating through pipe A. Moreover, the ultrasonic absorber 10 contains uncrosslinked butyl rubber as described above. Here, uncrosslinked butyl rubber has an acoustic impedance value close to that of the material of the pipe A, and has a high ability to absorb vibrations in the ultrasonic frequency band (absorption performance).
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 can attenuate the pipe propagating wave W 2 in the process of propagating through the pipe A, reaches the first ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 20A and the second ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 20B, that is, sufficiently small pipe propagating wave W 2 of the energy (size or strength) received a gas propagating wave W 1 of the energy (size or strength) with respect to, i.e., SN ratio (gas propagating wave the maximum amplitude value of W 1 and the ratio) between the maximum amplitude value of the pipe propagating wave W 2 can be improved.
- SN ratio gas propagating wave the maximum amplitude value of W 1 and the ratio
- uncrosslinked butyl rubber is also a viscoelastic body having adhesiveness and elasticity.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is easy to adhere, it can be adhered and fixed to the outer periphery of the pipe A, and the ultrasonic absorber 10 is easily deformed by elasticity, so various materials, shapes, and surface states The pipe A can be easily provided.
- uncrosslinked butyl rubber has sufficient durability (environmental resistance) with respect to, for example, temperature and humidity in the environment where the ultrasonic flowmeter 100 is used.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 can utilize uncrosslinked butyl rubber without performing crosslinking (vulcanization) using sulfur or the like in order to enhance strength and environmental resistance.
- ultrasonic waves mean sound waves in a frequency band of 20 [kHz] or higher. Therefore, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B are sound waves in a frequency band of 20 [kHz] or higher. Preferably, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B are ultrasonic waves in a frequency band of 100 [kHz] or more and 2.0 [MHz] or less.
- the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B are ultrasonic waves in a frequency band of 0.5 [MHz] or more and 1.0 [MHz] or less. is there.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B may be the same frequency or at different frequencies. There may be.
- 5 and 6 are graphs of received signals output from the receiving circuit unit 53 shown in FIG. 5 and 6, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents amplitude (voltage).
- the upper graph is a graph in which the pressure of the gas flowing inside the pipe A is 0.5 [MPa]
- the lower graph is the pressure of the gas flowing in the pipe A within 0.3 [MPa]. It is a graph of.
- FIG. 5 is a graph in which the frequency of ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is 0.5 [MHz]
- FIG. 6 shows the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and It is a graph whose frequency of the ultrasonic wave which the 2nd ultrasonic transmission / reception part 20B transmits is 1.0 [MHz].
- the gas pressure is 0.5 [MPa]
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is 0. 5 in the case of [MHz]
- ultrasound absorber 10 is able to attenuate the pipe propagating wave W 2
- the calculation control unit 55 is the gas propagation wave W 1 larger relatively amplitude generated in the vicinity of the center of the graph Can be identified and detected.
- the pressure of the gas is 0.5 [MPa]
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is 1.
- ultrasound absorber 10 is able to attenuate the pipe propagating wave W 2
- the calculation control unit 55 is larger gas propagation of relatively amplitude generated in the vicinity of the center of the graph it can be detected to identify a wave W 1.
- the acoustic impedance of the gas is proportional to the pressure. become large, gas propagating wave W 1 of the energy (size or strength) is further reduced.
- the pressure of the gas flowing through the pipe A is low, for example, even when the pressure of the gas is 0.3 [MPa], as shown in the lower graphs of FIGS. the absorbent body 10 can be attenuated piping propagating wave W 2, the calculation control unit 55 may be detected to identify the gas propagation wave W 1 larger relatively amplitude generated in the vicinity of the center of the graph.
- ultrasound absorber 10 even if gas propagating wave W 1 of the energy (size or strength) is small, it is possible to sufficiently attenuate the pipe propagating wave W 2, SN ratio Can be improved.
- the S / N ratio is desirably 2 or more.
- FIG. 7 is a reference example of a received signal of an ultrasonic flowmeter provided with another ultrasonic absorber (when the absorption rate of ultrasonic waves is low).
- the ultrasonic flowmeter of the reference example is the same as the ultrasonic flowmeter 100 except that an ultrasonic absorber different from the ultrasonic absorber 10 is provided.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents amplitude (voltage).
- the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 0.5 [MHz]
- the upper part is a graph in which the pressure of the gas flowing inside the pipe is 0.5 [MPa]
- the lower part is the gas flowing inside the pipe. Is a graph with a pressure of 0.3 [MPa].
- a virtual ultrasonic flowmeter provided with another ultrasonic absorber including asphalt as a main material is shown in FIG. 7 in comparison with the graph of the ultrasonic flowmeter 100 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. as such, it is not possible to ultrasound absorber sufficiently attenuate the pipe propagating wave W 2, SN ratio becomes difficult to distinguish between the pipe propagating wave W 2 and the gas propagating wave W 1 decreases.
- FIG. 8 is a table showing SN ratios of ultrasonic absorbers of various materials.
- the pressure of the gas flowing inside the pipe A is 0.3 [MPa]
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is 0.5. [MHz].
- the ratio (SN ratio) between the maximum amplitude of the gas propagation wave W 1 and the maximum amplitude of the pipe propagation wave W 2 is 3. 8.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 including uncrosslinked butyl rubber is provided, the SN ratio is 7.4, which is improved to about twice.
- rubbers such as natural rubber and synthetic rubber have high vibration absorption performance.
- uncrosslinked butyl rubber is SN compared to other rubbers (rubber compositions). Since the ratio is high, it is good as a main material of the ultrasonic absorber 10.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is not limited to a case where the ultrasonic absorber 10 is composed of only uncrosslinked butyl rubber or rubber alone.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 may include predetermined mixed particles mixed with uncrosslinked butyl rubber. Thereby, as a predetermined mixed particle, the value of the acoustic impedance is close to that of the material of the pipe A and / or the mixed particle that improves the ability to absorb vibrations in the frequency band of the ultrasonic wave (absorption performance) is uncrosslinked. By mixing with butyl rubber or rubber, the ultrasonic absorber 10 can further improve the SN ratio.
- the predetermined mixed particles include metal particles such as tungsten, metal compound particles such as ferrite, and inorganic compound particles such as barium sulfate.
- the shape of the particles is not limited to a spherical shape, and may be a polyhedron or a surface with irregularities on the surface. It is sufficient that a desired effect is obtained, and the shape is not limited to a specific shape.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing the SN ratio of the ultrasonic absorber 10.
- the pressure of the gas flowing inside the pipe A is 0.3 [MPa]
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20A and the second ultrasonic transmission / reception unit 20B is 0.5. [MHz].
- the SN ratio is 7.4.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 includes ferrite as the predetermined mixed particles 11, the SN ratio is 8.9, when the tungsten is included, the SN ratio is 11.7, and barium sulfate is included. Has an SN ratio of 34.2. Compared with the ultrasonic absorber 10 containing only uncrosslinked butyl rubber, the SN ratio is further improved.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscoelasticity of the ultrasonic absorber and the S / N ratio in the received signal of the ultrasonic flowmeter.
- the vertical axis represents the SN ratio, and the horizontal axis represents viscoelasticity (penetration).
- As the ultrasonic absorber uncrosslinked butyl rubber was used, and various viscoelastic properties were set by preparing additives.
- the film thickness of the ultrasonic absorber formed on the outer periphery of the pipe A is 2 [mm]
- the pressure of the gas inside the pipe A is 0.3 [MPa]
- the frequency of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the unit 20B is 0.5 [MHz].
- Pipe A is a stainless steel sanitary pipe (JIS G3447, outer diameter 101.6 [mm], inner diameter 97.6 [mm], thickness 2.0 [mm], commonly called 4S), and the gas flow rate is 0 [m / sec]. It is.
- the viscoelasticity of the ultrasonic absorber was measured by the penetration according to JIS 2207 for convenience. A penetration distance of 0.1 [mm] is shown as a penetration depth of 1 when a test needle with a load of 100 [g] is placed on an ultrasonic absorber at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 5 seconds. When the value of penetration (viscoelasticity) is large, the viscoelasticity is large (relatively soft), and when the value of penetration (viscoelasticity) is small, the viscoelasticity is small (relatively hard).
- the SN ratio tends to be better as the penetration is higher up to 10th to 45th.
- the SN ratio is 4 when the penetration is 10
- the SN ratio is 7.4 when the penetration is 33
- the SN ratio is 12 when the penetration is 42
- the SN ratio is about 8 when the penetration is 45.
- the SN ratio is about 2 at a penetration of 60, butyl rubber is not shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11 (A), it is possible to efficiently attenuate the pipe propagating wave W 2 by applying or coating the outer periphery of the pipe A large uncrosslinked butyl rubber viscoelasticity as an ultrasound absorber 10 . Further, the pipe propagation wave W 2 can be further attenuated by forming a thick film of uncrosslinked butyl rubber on the outer periphery of the pipe A.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is soft, and if the film thickness is thick, the weight of the ultrasonic absorber 10 further increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Moves downward and deforms.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 contains metal particles or the like for adjusting the acoustic impedance, the weight of the ultrasonic absorber 10 increases and the deformation tends to become more remarkable.
- the portion where the film thickness becomes thinner reduces the energy absorption capacity of the piping propagating wave W 2, the noise component Is insufficiently attenuated. This means that the SN ratio of the received signal decreases with time.
- FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is formed of two layers 10a and 10b.
- the first layer is a soft layer that is in close contact with the pipe A due to self-bonding properties, and has a relatively large viscoelasticity (high penetration) than the second layer.
- the self-bonding property is a property that the sticky butyl rubber flows little by little as time passes and fills up a little space formed between the pipe surface and the butyl rubber.
- the second layer is a hard layer that is in close contact with the first layer by self-bonding property and has a relatively small viscoelasticity value (small penetration) than the first layer.
- butyl rubber having a penetration of 5 is used.
- a pipe propagating wave W 2 in order to reduce the energy diffused in the ultrasound absorber 10, the interface between the pipe A and the first layer 10A, the first layer 10A and the second layer 10B achieving a reduction in reflection of the pipe propagating wave W 2 at the interface.
- the particle diameter is a value smaller than the propagation sound wave length, and is determined according to the thickness of the first layer. For example, the particle diameter is about 15 [ ⁇ m].
- particles adjusted so that the total particle weight is the same as the total particle weight of the first layer 10A. It mixes in the second layer 10B.
- the particles of the second layer have a particle diameter smaller than the propagation acoustic wave length, and are determined according to the thickness of the second layer. As an example, the particles have a particle size of 15 [ ⁇ m] or more.
- the noise component is absorbed by acoustic impedance propagates piping propagating waves W 2 from the first layer 10A by adjusting so as to be approximately the same in the second layer 10B scattering attenuation.
- the noise absorption performance of the ultrasonic absorber 10 as a whole is improved.
- FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the present invention, and shows an example in which the ultrasonic absorber 10 is composed of three rubber layers 10A to 10C.
- the ultrasonic absorber 10 is composed of a plurality of layers, it is possible to prevent deformation of the ultrasonic absorber 10 by making the outermost rubber layer 10C harder than the inner rubber layer. Become. Further, it is possible to reduce the reflection at the layer interfaces of the pipe propagating wave W 2 by approximating the acoustic impedance of each layer by adjusting the particle to be mixed in each layer.
- the region having a good noise absorption characteristic (S / N ratio) of a damping material such as rubber is soft in material, so that the deformation resistance as an ultrasonic absorber is lacking.
- S / N ratio noise absorption characteristic
- the first rubber that adheres to the outer periphery of the pipe is soft, so even if it is a small diameter pipe, the first rubber It is relatively easy to provide as an ultrasonic absorber. It is relatively easy to apply the second harder rubber to the pipe whose outer diameter is increased by the application of the first rubber. Further, if the second rubber is a self-bonding material, the second rubber can be easily attached.
- the present invention is well applied to ultrasonic flow measurement of fluids such as air, cold air, hot air, steam, hot water, cold water, and various gases.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、配管Aの上流側(図3において左側)に設置された第1超音波送受信部20Aが超音波を送信し、配管Aの下流側(図3において右側)に設置された第2超音波送受信部20Bが当該超音波を受信するときに、当該超音波が配管Aの内部の気体を伝搬する伝搬時間t12は、以下の式(1)で表される。
t12=L/(C+Vcosθ) …(1)
t21=L/(C-Vcosθ) …(2)
V=(L/2cosθ)・{(1/t12)-(1/t21)} …(3)
Q=KVS …(4)
そこで、図11(A)に示すように、粘弾性の大きい未架橋ブチルゴムを超音波吸収体10として配管Aの外周に塗布あるいは被覆することで配管伝搬波W2を効率よく減衰させることができる。また、配管Aの外周に未架橋ブチルゴムを厚く成膜することで配管伝搬波W2をより減衰させることができる。
10A…第1のゴム層
10B…第2のゴム層
10C…第3のゴム層
20A…第1超音波送受信部
20B…第2超音波送受信部
21…くさび
21a…底面
21b…斜面
22…圧電素子
50…本体部
51…切替部
52…送信回路部
53…受信回路部
54…計時部
55…演算制御部
56…入出力部
100…超音波流量計
A…配管
W1…気体伝搬波
W2…配管伝搬波
Claims (6)
- 内部を気体が流れる配管における上流側の外周に設けられ、超音波の送信および受信を行う第1の超音波送受信部と、
前記配管における下流側の外周に設けられ、超音波の送信および受信を行う第2の超音波送受信部と、
前記第1の超音波送受信部から送信された前記超音波が前記第2の超音波送受信部に受信されるまでの時間と、前記第2の超音波送受信部から送信された前記超音波が前記第1の超音波送受信部に受信されるまでの時間とに基づいて、前記気体の流量を測定する本体部と、
前記配管の外周に設けられ、前記超音波が前記配管を伝搬する配管伝搬波を吸収する超音波吸収体と、を備え、
前記超音波吸収体は前記配管の外周に形成される第1のゴム層と前記第1のゴム層上に形成される第2のゴム層とを含み、
前記第1のゴム層は粘弾性が前記第2のゴム層の粘弾性よりも大きく、前記第2のゴム層は前記第1のゴム層よりも小さい粘弾性で前記第1のゴム層を一周する、超音波流量計。 - 前記第1及び第2のゴム層は音響インピーダンスが等しくなるようにゴム層中の粒子が調整される請求項1に記載の超音波流量計。
- 前記第1のゴム層に含まれる粒子の総重量と前記第2のゴム層に含まれる粒子の総重量とが同じになるように調整することによって前記第1及び第2のゴム層の音響インピーダンスが等しくなるようにゴム層が調整される請求項2に記載の超音波流量計。
- 前記粒子は、タングステン、フェライト、硫酸バリウムのうちのいずれかを含む、請求項2又は3に記載の超音波流量計。
- 内部を気体が流れる配管における上流側の外周から送信された超音波が前記配管における下流側の外周で受信されるまでの時間と、前記配管における下流側の外周から送信された超音波が前記配管における上流側の外周で受信されるまでの時間とに基づいて、前記気体の流量を測定する超音波流量計用の超音波吸収体であって、
前記配管の外周に形成される第1のゴム層と前記第1のゴム層上に形成される第2のゴム層とを含み、
前記第1のゴム層は粘弾性が前記第2のゴム層の粘弾性よりも大きく、前記第2のゴム層は前記第1のゴム層よりも小さい粘弾性で前記第1のゴム層を一周する、超音波流量計用の超音波吸収体。 - 前記第1のゴム層に含まれる粒子の総重量と前記第2のゴム層に含まれる粒子の総重量とを調整することによって前記第1及び第2のゴム層の音響インピーダンスが等しくなるように調整される請求項5に記載の超音波流量計用の超音波吸収体。
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US14/905,607 US9671261B2 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2014-05-13 | Ultrasonic flowmeter having multilayer ultrasonic wave damper |
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CN103995146B (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2016-03-30 | 北京爱信德科技有限公司 | 超声波测风装置与方法 |
JP2015215171A (ja) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-12-03 | アズビル株式会社 | 超音波流量計及び超音波吸収体の異常判定方法 |
EP3246668B1 (de) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-07-25 | SICK Engineering GmbH | Messvorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen der strömungsgeschwindigkeit eines in einer leitung strömenden fluids |
EP3333552B1 (de) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-02-13 | SICK Engineering GmbH | Ultraschall-durchflussmessvorrichtung und ihr herstellungsverfahren |
JP6966963B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-11-17 | 株式会社キーエンス | クランプオン式超音波流量センサ |
DE102018006381B4 (de) * | 2018-08-11 | 2022-05-12 | Diehl Metering Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Messeinrichtung |
DE102018133066A1 (de) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Ultraschall-Messgerät |
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CN114018330A (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 北京化工大学 | 一种基于fpga的水流量标准装置多参量测量系统 |
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