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WO2015043346A1 - 咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2015043346A1
WO2015043346A1 PCT/CN2014/085041 CN2014085041W WO2015043346A1 WO 2015043346 A1 WO2015043346 A1 WO 2015043346A1 CN 2014085041 W CN2014085041 W CN 2014085041W WO 2015043346 A1 WO2015043346 A1 WO 2015043346A1
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phenanthroline
imidazole
group
monohydro
phenyl
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PCT/CN2014/085041
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English (en)
French (fr)
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尤娟娟
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to EP14850030.9A priority Critical patent/EP3053922B1/en
Priority to US14/422,901 priority patent/US10115908B2/en
Publication of WO2015043346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015043346A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/12Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D471/14Ortho-condensed systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/615Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
    • H10K85/622Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/654Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/655Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only sulfur as heteroatom
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6572Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2101/00Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
    • H10K2101/10Triplet emission
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    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/12OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/615Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
    • H10K85/626Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivative, a preparation method thereof and use thereof. Background technique
  • the actual application of the display mainly includes cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), plasma display (Plasma).
  • Display Panel abbreviated as PDP
  • Organic Light Emitting Display OLED
  • FED Field Emission Display
  • ELD Electroluminescent Display
  • a conventional organic electroluminescent device includes a cathode, an electron transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an anode, and a substrate which are sequentially arranged.
  • the material of the light-emitting layer is preferably a host-guest doped emitter comprising a host light-emitting material (abbreviated as a host material) and a doped light-emitting material (abbreviated as a dopant material).
  • the host-guest doped illuminator separates the transport function of the carrier from the illuminating mechanism, and utilizes the reasonable combination of the energy levels and the interface between the host and the object to optimize the performance of the device, thereby achieving the highest performance of the device. good.
  • the energy gap of the host material needs to be larger than that of the dopant material, that is, energy is transferred from the host material to the dopant material, so that the dopant material is excited.
  • Phosphorescent dopant and host material system requires the addition of a weight, i.e., the triplet energy level of the host material ( ⁇ ⁇ ) is larger than the triplet energy level required dopant material, otherwise, the energy from the phosphorescent dopant material will reverse The material is transferred back to the host material, and the host material is generally a pure organic compound.
  • the present invention provides an imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivative, a preparation method and application thereof for improving the efficiency of an organic electroluminescent device, In turn, the display port/shell is improved.
  • the present invention provides an imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivative having the following chemical structural formula:
  • the X group and the Y group are independently selected from the group consisting of a Z-substituted aromatic ring, a Z-substituted aromatic heterocyclic ring, an unsubstituted aromatic ring or an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring, which may be the same or different, and the Z group is independently selected from the group consisting of Aryl, 1 to 4 An alkoxy group of a carbon atom, a tt, a nitro group, a trifluoromethyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the non-substituted aromatic ring comprises a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthryl group or a group.
  • non-substituted aromatic heterocyclic ring includes pyridinyl, bipyridyl, decyl, quinolinyl or a subunit.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms includes a linear alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, a linear alkenyl group, and a branched alkene group.
  • a base a cyclic alkenyl group, a linear alkynyl group, a branched alkynyl group or a cycloalkynyl group.
  • imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]-phenanthroline is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides an imidazole prepared according to claim 1.
  • the imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline substituted with a Cl, X group and a Y group is subjected to dehydrochlorination in the presence of sodium hydride to form a reaction.
  • the desired imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]-phenanthroline organism is subjected to dehydrochlorination in the presence of sodium hydride to form a reaction.
  • the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer prepared from a host material and a dopant material, the host material being any of the above imidazoles [4,5-f ] [l, 10] o-phenanthroline derivatives.
  • the imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivative has a weight fraction of from 85% to 98% in the light-emitting layer.
  • the luminescent layer has a thickness of 20 nm to 50 nm, for example, the luminescent layer has a thickness of 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 36 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, or 50 nm.
  • the present invention provides a display device comprising any of the above organic electroluminescent devices.
  • the present invention provides an imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivative, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • an anthracene group and an X group are respectively introduced at the 11th and 1st positions of imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline. Due to the steric hindrance of the squaring group and the X group, distortion occurs between the striated group transporting holes and the phenanthroline group transporting electrons, which facilitates the molecule to maintain a high triplet energy level.
  • a host material applied to the light-emitting layer Due to the steric hindrance of the squaring group and the X group, distortion occurs between the striated group transporting holes and the phenanthroline group transporting electrons, which facilitates the molecule to maintain a high triplet energy level.
  • the imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]-phenanthroline can transport electrons in the molecule
  • the sturdy group can transport holes, so the molecule has bipolar transmission properties, which is beneficial to improve the OLED device. s efficiency.
  • an imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivative having the following chemical structural formula:
  • the X group and the Y group are independently selected from the group consisting of a Z-substituted aromatic ring, a Z-substituted aromatic heterocyclic ring, an unsubstituted aromatic ring or an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring, which may be the same or different, and the Z group includes an aryl group.
  • the Z group is used to further fine-tune the luminescent color and electron transport properties of the molecule, and an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group is generally selected.
  • an electron withdrawing group or an electron donating group is generally selected.
  • an aryl group, an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an amino group and an aliphatic group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms are generally used as an electron-donating group, and a nitro group, a trifluoromethyl group, a cyano group and a halogen atom are generally used as Electron withdrawing group.
  • the unsubstituted aromatic ring comprises a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthryl group or a fluorenyl group.
  • the unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring includes a pyridyl group, a bipyridyl group, a fluorenyl group, a quinolyl group or a substituent.
  • the aliphatic group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms includes a linear alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, a linear alkenyl group, a branched alkenyl group, and a ring.
  • the imidazo[4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivative is selected from the group consisting of: 11-(nonahydro-indazol-9-yl)-1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline, wherein X group and Y The groups are all phenyl;
  • (b) it can be used, for example, to carry out a ring-forming reaction as follows: 20 mmol of 4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, 20 mmol of Y-CHO, 30 mmol X-NH 2 and 20 g of ammonium acetate were added to 120 mL of glacial acetic acid, and the mixture was heated under reflux for 24 hours under an argon atmosphere. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature and the reaction was poured into methanol. Filtration gave the crude imidazo[4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline. The obtained crude product was further purified by column chromatography to give imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline substituted with a Cl, a X group and a Y group.
  • (c) it can be used, for example, to carry out dehydrochlorination reaction: Under nitrogen protection, 30 mmol of NaH is added to DMF, and 20 mmol of carbazole solution in DMF is added dropwise under ice water bath protection. . After completion of the dropwise addition, the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature, and a solution of 25 11111101 imidazole [4,5-[1,10]-phenanthroline compound in DMF was added dropwise, followed by stirring for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into methanol and extracted with ethyl acetate and distilled water. After removing the organic solvent of the organic layer, a crude product of imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivative was obtained. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to give the desired amido[4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivative.
  • an organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer prepared from a host material and a dopant material, wherein the host material is any one of the above imidazoles [4, 5 -f][l,10]-phenanthroline derivative. Since the imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivative of the embodiment of the invention has a higher triplet energy level, it is particularly suitable for a blue phosphorescent host material, which is advantageous for improving organic electroluminescence. The efficiency of the device.
  • the doping material which can be used in the embodiment of the present invention may be selected from a doping material of a conventional light-emitting layer in the art, such as bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N, C2)pyridinyl ruthenium (FIrpic), Bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-tetrazolium(III) (FIrN4) or bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-3- (trifluoromethane -5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-tris (III) (FIrtaz).
  • FIrpic bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N, C2)pyridinyl ruthenium
  • FIrN4 bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-tetrazolium(III)
  • the imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivative has a weight fraction of 85% to 98% in the light-emitting layer, and the weight fraction of the dopant material is 2% to 15%.
  • the weight fraction of the host material is low or high, the transfer of energy of the doping material and the host material is unfavorable, which is disadvantageous for the transmission of electrons or holes of the light-emitting layer, and the efficiency of the device is lowered.
  • the thickness of the light emitting layer is 20 nm to 50 nm, for example, the thickness of the light emitting layer may be
  • a display device comprising any of the above organic electroluminescent devices.
  • the display device may include, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal panel, an electronic paper, an OLED panel, a liquid crystal television, a liquid crystal display, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a tablet, etc., or a display component thereof.
  • 4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline is first oxidized to form 4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, and then 4-chloro-1 , 10-l-phenanthroline-5,6-dione is cyclized and introduced into the X group and the Y group, and finally the ruthenium group is formed to form the imidazole [4,5-f] [l, 10 of the present invention.
  • a phenanthroline derivative Due to the steric hindrance of the squaring group and the X group, distortion occurs between the striated group transporting holes and the phenanthroline group transporting electrons, which facilitates the molecule to maintain a high triplet energy level.
  • a host material applied to the light-emitting layer since the imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]-phenanthroline can transport electrons in the molecule, the sturdy group can transport holes, so the molecule has bipolar transmission properties, which is beneficial to improve the OLED device. s efficiency.
  • the crude product was recrystallized from decyl alcohol to give 3.8 g of 4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione in a yield of 77.5%.
  • the obtained 4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione was analyzed and identified by mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 244.00 (100.0%), 246.00 (32.1%), 245.01 (13.1%), 247.00 (4.4%), 246.01 (1.2%); the elemental analysis data is as follows: C, 58.92; H, 2.06; C1, 14.49; N : 11.45; 0, 13.08.
  • Example 1 4-Chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione prepared as above was used for the imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivatives of Examples 1 to 5.
  • Example 1 Preparation 11-(nonahydro-carbazole-9-yl)-1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline
  • the obtained crude product was further purified by column chromatography to give 11-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline (5.8 g). The yield was 71.3%.
  • the obtained 11-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline was analyzed and identified by mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 406.10 (100.0%), 408.10 (32.4%), 407.10 (28.7%), 409.10 (8.8%), 408.11 (3.6%), 410.10 (1.3%);
  • the elemental analysis data is as follows: C, 73.80; H, 3.72; C1, 8.71; N, 13.77.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 150 ml of methanol, and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml) and distilled water (150 ml). The organic layer was separated, and the organic solvent in the organic layer was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to give a crude compound.
  • the crude product was purified by column chromatography to give 11-(nonihydro-carbazol-9-yl)-1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline ( 6.0 g ), yield 55.8%.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 537.20 (100.0%), 538.20 (40.3%), 539.20 (8.6%), 538.19 (1.8%), 540.21 (1.0%); Elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 82.66; H, 4.31; N, 13.03; The NMR data are as follows: NM (400 MHz, CDC1 3 , ⁇ ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.0 (d, 1H) , 7.55-7.40 (m, 10H), 7.3-7.08 (m, 8H).
  • Example 2 Preparation of 11-(nonihydro-indazol-9-yl)-1,2-diphenylene-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline
  • the obtained crude product was further purified by column chromatography to give 11-chloro-1,2-diphenylphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline (6.1 g) , yield 70.1%.
  • the obtained 11-chloro-1,2-diphenylphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline was analyzed and identified by mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 434.13 (100.0%), 436.13 (32.4%), 435.13 (30.7%), 437.13 (9.5%), 436.14 (4.2%), 438.13 (1.5%); C, 74.56; H, 4.40; C1, 8.15; N, 12.88.
  • the organic layer was separated, and the organic solvent of the organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude compound.
  • the crude product is purified by column chromatography to obtain 11- (nine Hydrogen-carbazole_9_yl)_1,2-diphenylene-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline (5.6 g), yield 49.6%.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 565.23 (100.0%), 566.23 (42.5%), 567.23 (9.5%), 566.22 (1.8%), 568.24 (1.2%); Elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 82.81; H, 4.81; N, 12.38; The NMR data are as follows: NM (400 MHz, CDC1 3 , ⁇ ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55-8.52 (m, 3H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.0 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.4 (m, 6H), 7.3-7.08 (m, 8H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 407.09 (100.0%), 409.09 (32.5%), 408.10 (26.1%), 410.09 (8.9%), 409.10 (3.3%), 408.09 (1.8%), 411.10 (1.1%)
  • the elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 70.68; H, 3.46; C1, 8.69; N, 17.17.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 150 ml of methanol, and extracted with 100 ml of ethyl acetate and 150 ml of distilled water. The organic layer was separated, and distilled under reduced pressure to remove organic solvent from organic layer to afford crude product of title compound.
  • the crude product was purified by column chromatography to give 11-(noni- carbazol-9-yl)-2-phenyl-1-(pyridin-4-yl)-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l, 10] O-phenanthroline (6.7 g), yield 62.0%.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 538.19 (100.0%), 539.19 (41.2%), 540.20 (7.5%); elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 80.28; H, 4.12; N, 15.60; NMR data are as follows: M (400 MHz, CDC1 3 , ⁇ ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.6-8.55 (m, 3H), 8.19 (d, IH), 8.0 (d, IH), 7.5-7.4 (m, 9H), 7.3-7.08 (m, 6H).
  • the obtained crude product was further purified by column chromatography to give 11-chloro-1-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline. Rosin 5.7g, yield 69.0%.
  • the 11-chloro-1-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline was obtained by qualitative and elemental analysis, respectively. Analytical identification.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 412.05 (100.0%), 414.05 (36.5%), 413.06 (25.0%),
  • Elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 66.90; H, 3.17; C1 , 8.59; N, 13.57; S, 7.77
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 543.15 (100.0%), 544.16 (38.1%), 545.16 (7.1%), 545.15 (5.5%), 544.15 (2.6%), 546.15 (1.7%), 546.16 (1.0%)
  • the elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 77.33; H, 3.89; N, 12.88; S, 5.90;
  • the nuclear magnetic resonance data is as follows: NM (400 MHz, CDC1 3 , ⁇ ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 8.0 (d, lH), 7.78(d,lH), 7.55(m,3H), 7.40(d, 2H), 7.3-7.08(m,9H), 7.0(d , lH).
  • the obtained crude product was further purified by column chromatography to give 11-chloro-2-phenyl-1-(indol-2-yl)-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline. Rotine 5.5g, yield 51.8%.
  • the 11-chloro-2-phenyl-1-(indol-2-yl)-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline was obtained by qualitative and elemental analysis, respectively. Analyze and identify.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 530.13 (100.0%), 531.13 (39.3%), 532.13 (32.5%), 533.13 (12.3%), 532.14 (7.0%), 534.13 (2.4%);
  • the elemental analysis data is as follows: C, 79.17; H, 3.61; C1, 6.68; N, 10.55.
  • the linguistic data are as follows: m/z: 661.23 (100.0%), 662.23 (51.1%), 663.23 (13.6%), 664.24 (2.1%), 662.22 (1.8%); Elemental analysis data are as follows: C, 85.30; H, 4.11; N, 10.58;
  • the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data is as follows: NM (400 MHz, CDC1 3 , ⁇ ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.0 (d, 5H) , 7.8 (t, lH), 7.7 (d, 4H), 7.50-7.40 (m, 7H), 7.3-7.08 (m, 6H).
  • Examples 6 to 10 demonstrate the use of imidazo[4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline derivatives in organic electroluminescent devices, wherein the imidazoles obtained in Examples 1 to 5 [4, 5 -f][l,10] The phenanthroline derivative is used as a host material of the organic electroluminescent device, respectively, and the light-emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent device is a blue phosphorescent light-emitting layer.
  • Example 6 Preparation of an organic electroluminescent device
  • ITO Indium tin oxide
  • ⁇ , ⁇ '-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-indole, fluorene-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (PB) is a hole transporting material
  • TEZ Triazole
  • bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C2)pyridinium ruthenium hydride (FIrpic) is a blue light doping material of the light-emitting layer
  • Hydrogen-carbazol-9-yl)-1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]phenanthroline is the host material of the light-emitting layer, lithium
  • the prepared organic electroluminescent device has the following structure: ITO/NPB (30 nm) / ll - (nonahydro-carbazole-9-yl) -1,2-diphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f ][l,10] phenanthroline: FIrpic (8 wt%, 20 nm) / TAZ (30 ⁇ ) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm). Among them, 8 wt% means that the doping material FIrpic has a weight fraction of 8% in the light-emitting layer.
  • Example 7 Preparation of an organic electroluminescent device
  • ITO is used as the anode
  • NPB is the hole transporting material
  • TAZ is the electron transporting material
  • FIrpic is the blue light doping material of the light emitting layer
  • 11-(nonhydrogen-carbazole-9-yl) prepared in the second embodiment of the present invention 1,2-Diphenylphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5-f][l,10]-phenanthroline is the host material of the light-emitting layer
  • LiF is an electron injecting material
  • A1 is a cathode, which is prepared according to a conventional process.
  • Organic electroluminescent device is used as the anode
  • NPB is the hole transporting material
  • TAZ is the electron transporting material
  • FIrpic is the blue light doping material of the light emitting layer
  • 11-(nonhydrogen-carbazole-9-yl) prepared in the second embodiment of the present invention 1,2-Diphenylphenyl-monohydro-imi
  • the structure of the prepared organic electroluminescent device is: ITO / PB (30 nm) / ll - (nonahydro-carbazole-9-yl) -1,2-diphenylphenyl-monohydro-imidazole [4,5- f][l,10] phenanthroline: FIrpic (2 wt%, 50 nm) / TAZ (30 nm) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm), wherein 2 wt% means that the doping material FIrpic is The weight fraction in the luminescent layer is 2%.
  • Example 8 Preparation of an organic electroluminescent device
  • ITO is used as anode
  • NPB is hole transport material
  • TAZ is electron transport material
  • ITO is used as the anode
  • NPB is the hole transporting material
  • TAZ is the electron transporting material
  • cerium (III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole ( FIrN4) is a blue light doping material
  • 11-(nonahydro-indazol-9-yl)-1-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-monohydro-imidazole prepared in Example 4 of the present invention
  • [ 4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline is the main material of the light-emitting layer
  • LiF is an electron injecting material
  • A1 is a cathode
  • an organic electroluminescent device is prepared according to a conventional process.
  • the prepared organic electroluminescent device has the following structure: ITO/PB(30 ⁇ ) /11- (nonahydro-carbazole-9-yl)-1-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-monohydro- Imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline: FIrN4 (8 wt%, 30 nm) / TAZ (30 nm) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm), of which 8 wt % indicates that the doping material FIrN4 has a weight fraction of 8% in the light-emitting layer.
  • Example 10 Preparation of an organic electroluminescent device
  • the prepared organic electroluminescent device has the following structure: ITO/NPB (30 nm) / ll- (nonahydro-carbazole-9-yl)-2-phenyl-1-(indol-2-yl)-monohydro- Imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline: FIrpic (15 wt%, 20 nm) / TAZ (30 ⁇ ) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm), of which 15 wt% It indicates that the doping material FIrpic has a weight fraction of 15% in the light-emitting layer.
  • Comparative example 1 ITO is used as the anode, ⁇ is the hole transporting material, ⁇ is the electron transporting material, FIrpic is the blue light doping material of the luminescent layer, 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)di-9H-carbazole (mCP) As the host material of the light-emitting layer, LiF is an electron injecting material, and A1 is a cathode, and an organic electroluminescent device is prepared according to a conventional process.
  • mCP 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)di-9H-carbazole
  • the prepared organic electroluminescent device has the following structure: ITO/NPB (30 nmymCP: FIrpic (2 wt%, 50 nm) / TAZ (30 nm) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm), wherein 2 wt% represents The doping material FIrpic has a weight fraction of 2% in the luminescent layer. Comparative Example 2
  • ITO as anode
  • NPB hole transport material
  • TAZ electron transport material
  • ruthenium (III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(pyridine-2 -1,2,4-triazole (FIrtaz) is a blue light doping material
  • 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)di-9H-carbazole (mCP) is the main material of the light-emitting layer.
  • LiF is an electron injecting material
  • A1 is a cathode
  • an organic electroluminescent device is prepared according to a conventional process.
  • the prepared organic electroluminescent device has the following structure: ITO/NPB (30 nm) I mCP: FIRtaz (8 wt%, 30 nm) / TAZ (30 nm) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm), of which 8 Wt% indicates that the doping material FIRtaz has a weight fraction of 8% in the light-emitting layer. Comparative example 3
  • ITO is used as the anode
  • NPB is the hole transporting material
  • TAZ is the electron transporting material
  • cerium (III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole ( FIrN4) is a blue-doped material
  • 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)di-9H-carbazole (mCP) is the main material of the light-emitting layer
  • LiF is an electron injecting material
  • A1 is a cathode, which is prepared according to a conventional process.
  • Organic electroluminescent device is used as the anode
  • NPB is the hole transporting material
  • TAZ is the electron transporting material
  • cerium (III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole ( FIrN4) is a blue-doped material
  • the structure of the prepared organic electroluminescent device is: ITO/NPB (30 nm) / mCP: FIrN4 (8 wt%, 30 nm) / TAZ (30 nm) / LiF (l nm) / Al (100 nm), wherein 8 wt% means that the doping material FIrN4 has a weight fraction of 8% in the light-emitting layer. Detection of organic electroluminescent devices
  • the electroluminescence optical terms (EL spectrum;), luminance L) and chromaticity CIE of the organic electroluminescent devices prepared in Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were measured by a PR650 type spectrophotometer, and the current was 1 - Voltage (V) characteristics were measured by a Keithley 2400 SourceMeter instrument.
  • the external quantum efficiency (ii ext ) (External Quantum Efficiency, EQE, dimensionless) and lumen efficiency ( ⁇ ⁇ ) (Luminous Power Efficiency) of each organic electroluminescent device calculated by the above-mentioned test and software configured by the above instrument.
  • the unit is lumens / watt (lm / W), the calculation formula of ⁇ ⁇ is as shown in formula (1), ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is calculated as formula (2), the results are shown in Table 1.
  • V ext -, ⁇ (2)
  • the invention has reasonable molecular design for imidazo[4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivatives, and the imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline derivative of the invention
  • the bipolar compound is a good combination of the hole transport group carbazolyl and the electron transport group imidazole [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline, and through the X group and
  • the carbazole group forms a large steric hindrance, which causes the molecule to be distorted, so that the molecule has a higher triplet energy level, which greatly improves the efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device and can maintain a lower efficiency attenuation.
  • the spirit and scope of the invention Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and the modifications of the invention

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Abstract

公开了一种具有化学结构式(I)的咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物,其中X基团和Y基团独立选自Z基取代芳环、Z基取代芳杂环、非取代芳环或非取代芳杂环,且其中所述Z基独立选自芳基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、氨基、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、卤原子或1至24个碳原子的脂肪烃基。还公开了所述咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物的制备方法和使用方法。

Description

咪唑 [4,5-f] [ 1 , 10]邻菲罗啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物及其制备方法和 应用。 背景技术
到目前为止, 实际应用的显示器主要有阴极射线管 (Cathode Ray Tube, 简 称 CRT), 液晶显示器 (Liquid Crystal Display, 简称 LCD)、 真空荧光显示器件 (Vacuum Fluorescent Display,简称 VFD)、等离子显示器 (Plasma Display Panel , 简称 PDP)、 有机电致发光器件 (Organic Light Emitting Display, 简称 OLED)、 场发射显示器(Field emission display, 简称 FED)和电致发光显示器 (Electroluminescent Display, 简称 ELD)等。 OLED作为新型的平板显示器与 LCD相比, 具有薄、 轻、 宽视角、 主动发光、 发光颜色连续可调、 成本低、 响应速度快、 能耗小、 驱动电压低、 工作温度范围宽、 生产工艺简单、 发光 效率高及可柔性显示等优点。 OLED正是由于具有其他显示器不可比拟的优 势以及美好的应用前景得到了产业界和科学界的极大关注。
现有的有机电致发光器件包括依次排列的阴极、 电子传输层、 发光层、 空穴传输层、 阳极和基底。 其中, 发光层的材料优选釆用主体-客体掺杂发光 体 (host-guest doped emitter), 其包括主体发光材料 (简称为主体材料)和掺杂发 光材料 (简称为掺杂材料)。 这种主体 -客体掺杂发光体将载流子的输送功能与 发光机制分开, 利用主体客体之间能级与界面合理的搭配使其各自发挥最优 的性能, 进而使器件的性能也达到最佳。 目前这类掺杂体系已经从荧光体系 延伸到磷光体系, 并达到了近 100%的内部量子效率,使 OLED的产业化成为 口 J 。 从能级要求来说, 主体材料的能隙需比掺杂材料的大, 即能量由主体材 料传递给掺杂材料, 使掺杂材料受激发光。 而磷光掺杂系统对主体材料又多 了一重要求, 即主体材料的三重态能级 (Ετ)需比掺杂材料的三重态能级大, 否 则, 磷光的能量会从掺杂材料反向传递回主体材料, 而主体材料一般是纯的 有机化合物, 无法利用三重态激子的能量, 有机电致发光器件的发光效率会 因此而损失, 这点对蓝色磷光主体材料来说较难达到, 因为蓝光磷光掺杂材 料本身就具有较高的 Ετ, 主体材料需要具有更高的 Ετ才能满足要求, 所以从 分子设计角度来说是比较困难的。
由此可见, 现有技术的主体材料的三重态能级较低, 易导致有机电致发 光器件的效率较低。 发明内容
为解决上述以及其它问题, 本发明提供了一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 衍生物及其制备方法和应用, 用以提高有机电致发光器件的效率, 进而提高 显示口口/贝。
在一个实施方式中, 本发明提供了一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物, 其具有如下化学结构式:
Figure imgf000003_0001
其中, X基团和 Y基团独立选自 Z基取代芳环、 Z基取代芳杂环、 非取代芳 环或非取代芳杂环, 二者可相同或不同, 所述 Z基独立选自芳基、 1至 4个 碳原子的烷氧基、 tt、 硝基、 三氟曱基、 氰基、 卤原子或 1至 24个碳原子 的脂肪烃基。
在一个方面, 所述的非取代芳环包括苯基、 联苯基、 萘基、 蒽基、 菲基 或 基。
在另一方面, 所述的非取代芳杂环包括吡啶基、 联吡啶基、 吲哚基、 喹 啉基或 分基。
在仍然另一方面, 所述的 1至 24个碳原子的脂肪烃基包括具有 1至 24 个碳原子的直链烷基、 支链烷基、 环状烷基、 直链烯基、 支链烯基、 环状烯 基、 直链炔基、 支链炔基或环 炔基。
在一个优选方面, 所述咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 生物选自:
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉, 其中, X基团和 Y基团均为苯基;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉,其中, X基团和 Y基团均为曱苯基;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉, 其中, X基团为吡 , Y基团为苯基;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉, 其中, X基团为苯基, Y基团为噻吩; 或
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉, 其中, X基团为芘基, Y基团为苯基。
在另一个实施方式中, 本发明提供了一种制备如权利要求 1所述的咪唑
[4,5-f] [ 1 , 10]邻菲罗啉衍生物的方法, 包括:
将 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉氧化生成 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮;
将所得的 4-氯 - 1 , 10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮与醛 Y-CHO和胺 X-NH2在醋酸铵 存在下进行成环反应, 生成被 Cl、 X基团和 Y基团取代的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉; 和
将所述被 Cl、 X基团和 Y基团取代的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉与咔唑在 氢化钠存在下进行脱去氯化氢的反应, 生成如所需的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 生物。
在仍然另一个实施方式中, 本发明提供了一种有机电致发光器件, 其包 括由主体材料和掺杂材料制备的发光层, 所述主体材料为上述任一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物。
在一个方面, 所述咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物在所述发光层中重量 分数为 85%至 98%。
在另一方面, 所述发光层的厚度为 20 nm至 50 nm, 例如,发光层厚度为 20 nm、 25 nm、 30 nm、 36 nm、 40 nm、 45 nm或 50 nm。
在仍然另一个实施方式中, 本发明提供了一种显示装置, 包括上述任一 种有机电致发光器件。 具体实施方式
为了解决现有技术中有机电致发光器件效率较低的技术问题, 本发明提 供了一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用。 在该技术方 案中,在咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉的 11位和 1位上分别引入咔峻基团和 X基 团。 由于咔峻基团和 X基团的空间位阻作用, 使得传输空穴的咔峻基团和传 输电子的邻菲罗啉基团之间发生扭曲, 利于分子保持较高的三重态能级, 因 此可应用于发光层的主体材料。 并且, 由于分子中咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 可传输电子, 咔峻基团可传输空穴, 因此分子具有双极性的传输性能, 有利 于提高 OLED器件的效率。 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 在下文中对本发明作进 一步详细说明。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 提供一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物, 其具有如下化学结构式:
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中, X基团和 Y基团独立选自 Z基取代芳环、 Z基取代芳杂环、 非取代芳 环或非取代芳杂环, 二者可相同或不同, 所述 Z基包括芳基、 1至 4个碳原 子的烷氧基、 tt、 硝基、 三氟曱基、 ½、 卤原子或 1至 24个碳原子的脂 肪基。 其中, Z基用来对分子的发光颜色和电子传输性能做进一步微调, 一 般选用吸电子基团或供电子基团。 例如, 芳基、 1至 4个碳原子的烷氧基、 氨 基和 1至 24个碳原子的脂肪基一般作为供电子基团, 而硝基、 三氟曱基、 氰 基和卤原子一般作为吸电子基团。
优选地, 所述的非取代芳环包括苯基、 联苯基、 萘基、 蒽基、 菲基或芘 基。
优选地, 所述的非取代芳杂环包括吡啶基、 联吡啶基、 吲哚基、 喹啉基 或 分基。
优选地, 所述的 1至 24个碳原子的脂肪基包括具有 1至 24个碳原子的 直链烷基、 支链烷基、 环状烷基、 直链烯基、 支链烯基、 环状烯基、 直链炔 基、 支链炔基或环状炔基。
优选地, 所述咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物选自: 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉, 其中, X基团和 Y基团均为苯基;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉,其中, X基团和 Y基团均为曱苯基;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉, 其中, X基团为吡 , Y基团为苯基;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉, 其中, X基团为苯基, Y基团为噻吩; 或
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉, 其中, X基团为芘基, Y基团为苯基。
在本发明另一个实施方式中, 还提供了一种备所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻 菲罗啉衍生物的方法, 包括:
(a)将 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉氧化以生成 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮;
(b)将所得的 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮和醛 Y-CHO以及胺 X- H2在醋 酸铵存在下进行成环反应,生成被 C1、X基团和 Y基团取代的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉; 和
(c)将所述被 Cl、 X基团和 Y基团取代的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉和咔唑 在氢化钠存在下进行脱去氯化氢的反应, 生成所需的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 p林 'ί生物。
其中, 在 (a)中, 可釆用, 例如, 如下方式进行氧化反应: 将 20 mmol 4- 氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉和 30 mmol KBr依次緩慢加入冰浴冷却搅拌的 30 mL 酸中。 随后将 15mL质量浓度为 86%至 97.5%的发烟硝酸加入上述溶液中, 继续冰浴搅拌 30min, 之后加热回流 5h。 反应后将液体倒入 320g冰水中, 用 lOMNaOH水溶液中和。 然后用二氯曱烷萃取八次, 每次釆用 50 ml二氯 曱烷。 萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 蒸去溶剂, 得到 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮粗产品。 釆用曱醇对粗产品进行重结晶, 得到 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮。
在 (b)中, 可釆用, 例如, 如下方式进行成环反应: 将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10- 邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮、 20 mmol Y-CHO、 30 mmol X-NH2和 20 g醋酸铵加入到 120 mL冰醋酸中, 在氩气氛围下加热回流 24小时。 然后, 将反应物冷却到 室温, 并将反应物倒入曱醇中。 过滤得到咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉粗品。 将 得到的粗品经柱层析方法进一步提纯,得到被 Cl、 X基团和 Y基团取代的咪 唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉。
在 (c)中, 可釆用, 例如, 如下方式进行脱氯化氢的反应: 在氮气保护下, 将 30 mmol NaH加入 DMF中,并在冰水浴保护下滴加 20 mmol咔唑在 DMF 中的溶液。 滴加完成后, 将溶液升至室温, 滴加 25 11111101咪唑[4,5- [1,10]邻 菲罗啉化合物在 DMF中的溶液, 然后搅拌反应 2小时。 将反应化合物倒入 曱醇中, 并加入乙酸乙酯和蒸榴水萃取。 将有机层的有机溶剂除去后, 得到 咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物的粗品。 该粗品经柱层析提纯得到所需的咪 唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物。
在本发明的仍然另一个实施方式中, 还提供了一种有机电致发光器件, 其包括由主体材料和掺杂材料制备的发光层, 所述主体材料为上述任一种咪 唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物。 由于本发明实施例所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻 菲罗啉衍生物的三重态能级较高, 因此特别适用于蓝光磷光主体材料, 利于 提高有机电致发光器件的效率。
可用于本发明实施例中的掺杂材料可以选用本领域常规的发光层的掺杂 材料,如双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2)吡啶曱酰合铱 (FIrpic)、双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡 啶) -5- (吡啶 -2-基) -1H-四唑铱 (III) (FIrN4)或双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 )-3- (三氟曱 基) -5- (吡啶 -2-基) -1,2,4-三峻铱 (III) (FIrtaz)。 优选地, 咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉衍生物在发光层的重量分数为 85%至 98%,且掺杂材料的重量分数为 2%至 15%。 当主体材料重量分数较低或较高时,都不利于掺杂材料和主体材料的能 量的传递, 不利于发光层的电子或空穴的传输, 降低器件的效率。
优选地, 所述发光层的厚度为 20 nm至 50 nm, 例如, 发光层厚度可为
20 nm、 25 m, 30 m, 36 m, 40 nm, 45 nm或 50 nm。
在本发明仍然另一个实施方式中, 提供了一种显示装置, 包括上述任一 种有机电致发光器件。 所述显示装置可包括但不限于液晶面板、 电子纸、 OLED面板、 液晶电视、 液晶显示器、 数码相框、 手机、 平板电脑等或其显 示部件。
在本发明技术方案中, 先将 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉氧化生成 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲 罗啉 -5,6-二酮,再将 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮成环并引入 X基团和 Y基团, 最后接入咔峻基团, 形成本发明的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物。 由于咔 峻基团和 X基团的空间位阻作用, 使得传输空穴的咔峻基团和传输电子的邻 菲罗啉基团之间发生扭曲, 利于分子保持较高的三重态能级, 因此可应用于 发光层的主体材料。 并且, 由于分子中咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉可传输电子, 咔峻基团可传输空穴, 因此分子具有双极性的传输性能, 有利于提高 OLED 器件的效率。
在下文中通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明, 但本发明并不限于下述实 施例。 实施例
制备例: 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮的制备
将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉和 30 mmol KBr依次緩慢加入冰浴冷却搅 拌的 30 mL浓硫酸中, 随后将 15 mL质量为浓度 86%至 97.5%的发烟硝酸加 入上述溶液中。 继续冰浴搅拌 30分钟, 之后加热回流 5小时。 反应后将液体 倒入 320 g冰水中, 用 10 M NaOH中和至 pH为 7.0。 然后用二氯曱烷萃取八 次, 每次釆用 50 mL二氯曱烷。 萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 蒸去溶剂, 得到 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮粗产品。 釆用曱醇对粗产品进行重结晶, 得 到 3.8 g 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮, 收率 77.5%。 分别釆用质谱和元素分析 (Elemental Analysis)对得到的 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 244.00 (100.0%), 246.00 (32.1%), 245.01 (13.1%), 247.00 (4.4%), 246.01 (1.2%);元素分析数据如下: C, 58.92; H, 2.06; C1, 14.49; N: 11.45; 0, 13.08。
如上制得的 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮用于实施例 1 至 5 的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物的制备。 实施例 1 : 制备 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉
Figure imgf000010_0001
如下制备标题化合物:
(1)将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮、 20 mmol苯曱酸、 30 mmol 苯胺和 20 g醋酸铵加入到 120 mL冰醋酸中,在氩气氛围下加热回流 24小时。 反应结束后, 将反应混合物冷却到室温, 然后倒入 150ml 曱醇中, 过滤得到 11-氯 -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉粗品。将得到的粗品经柱层析 方法进一步提纯, 得到 11-氯 -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉(5.8 g ), 收率 71.3%。 分别釆用质谱和元素分析对得到的 11-氯 -1,2-二苯基-单氢- 咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 406.10 (100.0%), 408.10 (32.4%), 407.10 (28.7%), 409.10 (8.8%), 408.11 (3.6%), 410.10 (1.3%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 73.80; H, 3.72; C1, 8.71; N, 13.77。
(2)在氮气保护下, 将 30 mmol 氢化钠 (NaH)加入 100ml Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰 胺 (DMF)中, 在冰水浴保护下滴加 20 mmol咔唑在 100ml DMF中的溶液。 滴 加完成后, 将溶液升到室温。 滴加 25 mmol 11-氯 -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉化合物在 100 ml DMF中的溶液, 然后搅拌反应 2小时。 将反应液倒入 150 ml曱醇中,并加入乙酸乙酯 (100 ml)和蒸馏水 (150 ml)萃取。 分离有机层, 并减压蒸榴去除有机层中的有机溶剂, 得到目标化合物的粗品。 粗品经柱层析提纯得到 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉( 6.0 g ),收率 55.8%。分别釆用质谱、元素分析和核磁对得到的 11- (九 氢 -咔唑 _9-基) -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 537.20 (100.0%), 538.20 (40.3%), 539.20 (8.6%), 538.19 (1.8%), 540.21 (1.0%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 82.66; H, 4.31; N, 13.03; 核磁氢谱数据如下: NM (400 MHz, CDC13, δ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.0 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.40 (m, 10H), 7.3-7.08 (m,8H)。 实施例 2: 制备 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲 罗啉
Figure imgf000012_0001
如下制备标题化合物:
(1)将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮、 20 mmol对曱基苯曱醛、 30 mmol对曱基苯胺和 20 g醋酸铵加入到 120 mL冰醋酸中, 在氩气氛围下加热 回流 24小时。 反应结束后, 将反应物冷却到室温, 然后倒入 150 ml曱醇中, 过滤得到 11-氯 -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉粗品。 将得到的 粗品经柱层析方法进一步提纯,得到 11-氯 -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉(6.1 g ), 收率 70.1%。 分别釆用质谱和元素分析对得到的 11-氯 -1,2- 二曱苯基-单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f] [ 1 , 10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 434.13 (100.0%), 436.13 (32.4%), 435.13 (30.7%), 437.13 (9.5%), 436.14 (4.2%), 438.13 (1.5%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 74.56; H, 4.40; C1, 8.15; N, 12.88。
(2)在氮气保护下, 将 30 mmol NaH加入 100 ml DMF中, 在冰水浴保护 下滴加 20 mmol咔唑在 100 ml DMF中的溶液。滴加完成后,将溶液升至室温, 滴加 25 mmol 11-氯 -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l, 10]邻菲罗啉化合物在 100 ml DMF中的溶液, 然后搅拌反应 2小时。 随后将反应液倒入 150 ml曱醇 中, 并加入 100 ml乙酸乙酯和 150 ml蒸馏水萃取。 分离有机层, 减压蒸馏去 除有机层的有机溶剂,得到目标化合物的粗品。粗品经柱层析提纯得到 11- (九 氢 -咔唑 _9_基 )_1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉(5.6 g ), 收率 49.6%。 分别釆用质谱、 元素分析和核磁对得到的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二 曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 565.23 (100.0%), 566.23 (42.5%), 567.23 (9.5%), 566.22 (1.8%), 568.24 (1.2%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 82.81; H, 4.81; N, 12.38; 核磁氢谱数据如下: NM (400 MHz, CDC13, δ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55-8.52 (m, 3H), 8.19(d, 1H), 8.0 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.4(m, 6H), 7.3-7.08(m,8H), 2.43(s,3H), 2.34(s,3H)。 实施例 3:制备 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉
Figure imgf000013_0001
如下制备标题化合物:
(1)将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮、 20 mmol苯曱醛、 30 mmol 4- ^基吡啶和 20 g醋酸铵加入到 120 mL冰醋酸中, 在氩气氛围下加热回流 24 小时。 反应结束后, 将反应物冷却至室温, 并将其倒入 150 ml曱醇中。 过滤 得到 11-氯 -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉粗品。 将得到 的粗品经柱层析方法进一步提纯, 得到 11-氯 -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 5.2g, 收率 63.7%。 分别釆用质谱和元素分析对得到的 11-氯 -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 407.09 (100.0%), 409.09 (32.5%), 408.10 (26.1%), 410.09 (8.9%), 409.10 (3.3%), 408.09 (1.8%), 411.10 (1.1%);元素分析数据如下: C, 70.68; H, 3.46; C1, 8.69; N, 17.17。
(2)在氮气保护下, 将 30 mmol NaH加入 100 ml DMF中, 在冰水浴保护 下滴加 20 mmol咔唑在 100 ml DMF中的溶液。滴加完成后,将溶液升至室温, 滴加 25 mmol 11-氯 -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉在 100 ml DMF中的溶液, 然后搅拌反应 2小时。 将反应液倒入 150 ml曱醇中, 并加入 100 ml乙酸乙酯和 150 ml蒸榴水萃取。 分离有机层, 减压蒸馏以去除 有机层中的有机溶剂,得到目标化合物的粗品。粗品经柱层析提纯得到 11- (九 氢 -咔唑 _9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉(6.7 g ), 收率 62.0%。 分别釆用质谱、元素分析和核磁对得到的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2- 苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 538.19 (100.0%), 539.19 (41.2%), 540.20 (7.5%);元素 分析数据如下: C, 80.28; H, 4.12; N, 15.60; 核磁氢谱数据如下: M (400 MHz, CDC13, δ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.6-8.55 (m, 3H), 8.19(d, IH), 8.0 (d, IH), 7.5-7.4(m, 9H), 7.3-7.08(m,6H)。 实施例 4:制备 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉
Figure imgf000015_0001
如下制备标题化合物:
(1)将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮、 20 mmol苯曱醛、 30 mmol 2- 噻吩和 20 g醋酸铵加入到 120 mL冰醋酸中, 在氩气氛围下加热回流 24 小时。 反应结束后, 将反应物冷却至室温, 将反应物倒入 150 ml曱醇中, 过 滤得到 11-氯 -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉粗品。 将得 到的粗品经柱层析方法进一步提纯, 得到 11-氯 -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢-咪 唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 5.7g, 收率 69.0%。 分别釆用质语和元素分析对得到 11-氯 -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 412.05 (100.0%), 414.05 (36.5%), 413.06 (25.0%),
415.06 (8.1%), 414.06 (3.6%), 413.05 (2.3%), 415.05 (1.9%), 416.05 (1.7%), 416.06 (1.1%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 66.90; H, 3.17; C1, 8.59; N, 13.57; S, 7.77
(2)氮气保护下, 将 30 mmol NaH加入 100 mlDMF中, 在冰水浴保护下 滴加 20 mmol咔唑在 100 ml DMF中的溶液。 滴加完成后, 将溶液升至室温, 滴加含有 25 mmol 11-氯 -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 在 100 ml DMF中的溶液, 然后搅拌反应 2小时。 将反应液倒入 150 ml曱醇 中, 并加入 100 ml乙酸乙酯和 150 ml蒸榴水萃取。 分离有机层, 减压蒸榴以 去除有机层中的有机溶剂, 得到目标化合物的粗品。 粗品经柱层析提纯得到 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 7.0g, 收率 64.4%。 分别釆用质语、 元素分析和核磁对得到 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9- 基) - 1 -苯基 _2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f] [ 1 , 10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 543.15 (100.0%), 544.16 (38.1%), 545.16 (7.1%), 545.15 (5.5%), 544.15 (2.6%), 546.15 (1.7%), 546.16 (1.0%);元素分析数据如下: C, 77.33; H, 3.89; N, 12.88; S, 5.90; 核磁氢语数据如下: NM (400 MHz, CDC13, δ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 8.0 (d, lH),7.78(d,lH),7.55(m,3H), 7.40(d, 2H), 7.3-7.08(m,9H), 7.0(d,lH)。 实施例 5: 制备 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉
Figure imgf000016_0001
如下制备标题化合物:
(1)将 20 mmol 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮、 20 mmol芘曱醛、30 mmol苯 胺和 20 g醋酸铵加入到 120 mL冰醋酸中, 在氩气氛围下加热回流 24小时。 反应结束后, 将反应物冷却至室温, 并将其倒入 150 ml曱醇中。 过滤得到 11- 氯 -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉粗品。将得到的粗品经柱 层析方法进一步提纯, 得到 11-氯 -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻 菲罗啉 5.5g, 收率 51.8%。 分别釆用质语和元素分析对得到的 11-氯 -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。 质语数据如下: m/z: 530.13 (100.0%), 531.13 (39.3%), 532.13 (32.5%), 533.13 (12.3%), 532.14 (7.0%), 534.13 (2.4%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 79.17; H, 3.61; C1, 6.68; N, 10.55。
(2)氮气保护下, 将 30 mmol NaH加入 100 mlDMF中, 冰水浴保护下滴 加 20 mmol咔唑在 100 ml DMF中的溶液, 滴加完成后, 将溶液升至室温, 滴 加含有 25 mmol 11-氯 -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉在 100 ml DMF中的溶液, 然后搅拌反应 2小时, 将反应液倒入 150 ml曱醇中, 并加入 100 ml乙酸乙酯和 150 ml蒸榴水萃取。 分离有机层, 减压蒸馏以去除 有机层中的有机溶剂,得到目标化合物的粗品。粗品经柱层析提纯得到 11- (九 氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉 7.4g, 收率 55.9%。 分别釆用质谱、 元素分析和核磁对得到的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉进行分析鉴定。
质语数据如下: m/z: 661.23 (100.0%), 662.23 (51.1%), 663.23 (13.6%), 664.24 (2.1%), 662.22 (1.8%); 元素分析数据如下: C, 85.30; H, 4.11; N, 10.58; 核磁氢谱数据如下: NM (400 MHz, CDC13, δ): 8.8 (d, 2H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 8.0 (d, 5H), 7.8(t,lH), 7.7(d,4H),7.50-7.40 (m, 7H), 7.3-7.08(m,6H)。 实施例 6至 10证实了咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物在有机电致发光器 件中的应用, 其中在实施例 1至 5得到的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物被 分别用作有机电致发光器件的主体材料, 且该有机电致发光器件的发光层为 蓝光磷光发光层。 实施例 6: 制备有机电致发光器件
以氧化铟锡 (ITO)为阳极, Ν,Ν'-二苯基 -N,N'-(1-萘基) -Ι,Γ-联苯 -4,4'-二胺 ( PB)为空穴传输材料, 3- (联苯 -4-基) -5-(4-叔丁基苯基) -4-苯基 -4H-1,2,4-三唑 (TAZ)为电子传输材料, 双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2)吡啶曱酰合铱 (FIrpic)为发 光层的蓝光掺杂材料,本发明实施例 1所制备的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯 基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉为发光层的主体材料,氟化锂 (LiF)为电子注 入材料, 铝 (A1)为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电 致发光器件结构为: ITO/NPB(30 nm)/ll- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯基-单氢-咪 唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉: FIrpic(8 wt%, 20 nm)/TAZ(30 匪)/ LiF(l nm)/ Al(100 nm)。 其中, 8 wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrpic在发光层中重量分数为 8%。 实施例 7: 制备有机电致发光器件
以 ITO为阳极, NPB为空穴传输材料, TAZ为电子传输材料, FIrpic为 发光层的蓝光掺杂材料, 本发明实施例 2 所制备的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2- 二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉为发光层的主体材料, LiF为电子注 入材料, A1为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电致 发光器件结构为: ITO/ PB(30 nm)/ll- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二曱苯基-单氢- 咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉: FIrpic(2 wt%, 50 nm)/TAZ(30 nm)/LiF(l nm)/Al(100 nm), 其中, 2wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrpic在发光层中重量分数为 2%。 实施例 8: 制备有机电致发光器件
以 ITO为阳极, NPB为空穴传输材料, TAZ为电子传输材料, 铱 (III)双
(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 )-3- (三氟曱基) -5- (吡啶 -2-基) -1,2,4-三唑 (FIrtaz)为蓝光掺杂 材料, 本发明实施例 3所制备的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单 氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉为发光层的主体材料, LiF 为电子注入材料, A1 为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电致发光器件结 构为: ITO/NPB (30 nm)/ll- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉: FIrtaz(8 wt%, 30 nm)/TAZ(30 nm)/LiF(l nm)/Al(100 nm), 其中, 8 wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrtaz在发光层中重量分数为 8%。 实施例 9: 制备有机电致发光器件
以 ITO为阳极, NPB为空穴传输材料, TAZ为电子传输材料, 铱 (III)双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 )-5- (吡啶 -2-基) -1H-四唑 (FIrN4)为蓝光掺杂材料, 本发明实 施例 4 所制备的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉为发光层的主体材料, LiF为电子注入材料, A1为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。制备的有机电致发光器件结构为: ITO/ PB(30 匪) /11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉: FIrN4(8 wt%, 30 nm)/TAZ(30 nm)/LiF(l nm)/Al(100 nm) , 其中, 8 wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrN4在发光层中重量分数为 8%。 实施例 10: 制备有机电致发光器件
以 ITO为阳极, PB为空穴传输材料, TAZ为电子传输材料, FIrpic 为 蓝光掺杂材料, 本发明实施例 5所制备的 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2- 基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉为发光层的主体材料, LiF 为电子注入材 料, A1为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电致发光 器件结构为: ITO/NPB(30 nm)/ll- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢- 咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉: FIrpic(15 wt%, 20 nm)/TAZ(30匪)/ LiF(l nm)/Al(100 nm) , 其中, 15wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrpic在发光层中重量分数为 15%。 对比例 1 以 ITO为阳极, ΝΡΒ为空穴传输材料, ΤΑΖ为电子传输材料, FIrpic为 发光层的蓝光掺杂材料, 9,9'-(1,3-苯基)二 -9H-咔唑 (mCP)为发光层的主体材 料, LiF为电子注入材料, A1为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电致发光器件结构为: ITO/NPB(30 nmymCP:FIrpic(2 wt%, 50 nm)/ TAZ(30 nm)/LiF(l nm)/ Al(100 nm), 其中, 2wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrpic在发光 层中重量分数为 2%。 对比例 2
以 ITO为阳极, NPB为空穴传输材料, TAZ为电子传输材料, 铱 (III)双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 )-3- (三氟曱基) -5- (吡啶 -2-基) -1,2,4-三唑 (FIrtaz)为蓝光掺杂 材料, 9,9'-(1,3-苯基)二 -9H-咔唑 (mCP)为发光层的主体材料, LiF为电子注入 材料, A1为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电致发 光器件结构为: ITO/NPB(30 nm) I mCP:FIrtaz(8 wt%, 30 nm)/TAZ(30 nm) /LiF(l nm)/ Al(100 nm), 其中 8 wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrtaz在发光层中重量分数 为 8%。 对比例 3
以 ITO为阳极, NPB为空穴传输材料, TAZ为电子传输材料, 铱 (III)双 (4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 )-5- (吡啶 -2-基) -1H-四唑 (FIrN4)为蓝光掺杂材料, 9,9'-(1,3- 苯基)二 -9H-咔唑 (mCP)为发光层主体材料, LiF为电子注入材料, A1为阴极, 按照常规工艺制备有机电致发光器件。 制备的有机电致发光器件结构为: ITO/NPB(30 nm)/ mCP:FIrN4(8 wt%, 30 nm)/TAZ(30 nm)/LiF(l nm)/Al(100 nm), 其中, 8 wt%表示掺杂材料 FIrN4在发光层中重量分数为 8%。 有机电致发光器件的检测
实施例 6至 10及对比例 1至 3制备的有机电致发光器件的电致发光光语 (EL光谱;)、亮度L)和色度CIE)通过 PR650型光谱光度计进行测量,其电流①- 电压 (V)特性通过 Keithley 2400数字源表进行测定。经过上述测试并通过上述 仪器配置的软件计算得到的各有机电致发光器件的外部量子效率 (iiext) (External Quantum Efficiency, 简称 EQE, 无量纲)和流明效率 (ηρ) (Luminous Power Efficiency, 单位为流明 /瓦 (lm/W)), ηρ的计算公式如公式 (1), ηεχι的计 算公式如公式 (2), 结果如表 1所示。
其中, π =3.1416, L为亮度, J为电流密度 (J=I/A, I为电流, A为发光 面积 V为电压; π -∑(λ - s(A))■ ΑΛ/hc ,、
Vext = -, ~ (2)
J/e 其中, π=3.1416, λ为 EL光谱的波长 (wavelength), s( )为 EL光谱的电致 发光强度 (EL intensity), Δλ为 EL光谱的步长, h为普朗克常数 (6.63χ10·34 J-s), 0为光速(3 108111/8), J为电流密度, c为元电荷的电荷量 (1.6xlO-19 C)。 有机电致发光器件的检测结果表
Figure imgf000021_0001
通过实施例 6至 10及对比例 1至 3制备的有机电致发光器件的检测结果 可知, 本发明釆用的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物作为发光层的主体材料, 得到的有机电致发光器件的外部量子效率在 9%以上, 流明效率也基本在 71m/W以上, 特别是实施例 6和实施例 7得到的有机电致发光器件, 其外部 量子效率在 13%以上, 流明效率在 241m/W, 远远大于对比例 1至 3釆用现有 的发光层主体材料得到的有机电致发光器件的外部量子效率和流明效率。 本 发明对咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物进行了合理的分子设计, 本发明的咪 唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物为双极性化合物, 很好地将空穴传输基团咔唑 基和电子传输基团咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉连接起来, 并通过 X基团和咔唑 基形成较大的空间位阻, 使得分子发生扭曲, 使得分子具有较高的三重态能 级, 大大提高了有机电致发光器件的效率, 并能保持较低的效率衰减。 发明的精神和范围。 这样, 倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要 求及其等同技术的范围之内, 则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
本申请要求于 2013年 9月 30日提交的中国专利申请第 201310460740.9 的优先权权益,在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一 部分。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 具有如下化学结构式:
Figure imgf000023_0001
其中 X基团和 Y基团独立选自 Z基取代芳环、 Z基取代芳杂环、 非取代芳环 或非取代芳杂环, 所述 Z基独立选自芳基、 1至 4个碳原子的烷氧基、 氨基、 硝基、 三氟曱基、 tt、 卤原子或 1至 24个碳原子的脂肪烃基。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物, 其中所述的非 取代芳环包括苯基、 联苯基、 萘基、 蒽基、 菲基或芘基。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物, 其中所述的非 取代芳杂环包括吡 、 联吡啶基、 吲哚基、 喹啉基或噻吩基。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物, 其中所述的 1 至 24个碳原子的脂肪烃基包括具有 1至 24个碳原子的直链烷基、支链烷基、 环状烷基、 直链烯基、 支链烯基、 环状烯基、 直链炔基、 支链炔基或环状炔 基。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物, 其选自:
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1,2-二曱苯基 -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉;
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (吡啶 -4-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉; 11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -1-苯基 -2- (噻吩 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 淋; 或
11- (九氢 -咔唑 -9-基) -2-苯基 -1- (芘 -2-基) -单氢 -咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉。
6、 一种制备如权利要求 1 所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉衍生物的方 法, 包括:
将 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉氧化生成 4-氯 -1,10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮;
将所得的 4-氯 - 1 , 10-邻菲罗啉 -5,6-二酮与醛 Y-CHO和胺 X-NH2在醋酸铵 存在下进行成环反应, 生成被 Cl、 X基团和 Y基团取代的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10] 邻菲罗啉; 和
将所述被 Cl、 X基团和 Y基团取代的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗啉与咔唑在 氢化钠存在下进行脱去氯化氢的反应, 生成如所需的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 p林 'ί生物。
7、 一种有机电致发光器件, 包括由主体材料和掺杂材料制备的发光层, 其中所述主体材料为如权利要求 1至 5任一项所述的咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻菲罗 啉衍生物。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的有机电致发光器件, 其中所述咪唑 [4,5-f][l,10]邻 菲罗啉衍生物在所述发光层中重量分数为 85%至 98%。
9、如权利要求 7所述的有机电致发光器件,其中所述发光层的厚度为 20 nm至 50 nm。
10、 一种显示装置, 其中包括如权利要求 7至 9任一项所述的有机电致 发光器件。
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