TWI490205B - 不對稱雙取代三蝶烯衍生物及其有機發光二極體 - Google Patents
不對稱雙取代三蝶烯衍生物及其有機發光二極體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI490205B TWI490205B TW102141604A TW102141604A TWI490205B TW I490205 B TWI490205 B TW I490205B TW 102141604 A TW102141604 A TW 102141604A TW 102141604 A TW102141604 A TW 102141604A TW I490205 B TWI490205 B TW I490205B
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- heteroaryl
- aryl
- substituent
- aryl group
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- NGDCLPXRKSWRPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triptycene Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1C1=CC=CC=C12 NGDCLPXRKSWRPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 41
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 phosphorusoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002743 phosphorus functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylglycine Chemical compound CN(C)CC(O)=O FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004366 heterocycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 108700003601 dimethylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940078490 n,n-dimethylglycine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCOYLRXCNKJSSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1.C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 KCOYLRXCNKJSSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biguanide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC(N)=N XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005865 C2-C10alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005277 alkyl imino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004422 alkyl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000266 alpha-aminoacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004467 aryl imino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004421 aryl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067157 phenylhydrazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/623—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing five rings, e.g. pentacene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Description
本發明是關於一種三蝶烯衍生物及其有機發光二極體,尤其是一種具有不對稱雙取代三蝶烯衍生物及其有機發光二極體。
有機發光二極體(organic light-emitting diode;OLED),通常稱作有機電致發光裝置(organic electroluminescent device),是以有機層作為主動層的一種發光二極體(LED)。由於有機電致發光裝置具有自發光、廣視角(>170°)、反應時間短(~μs)、高對比、高效率、省電、高亮度、低操作電壓(3-10V)、更輕薄(<2mm)、可撓曲性等優點,近年來已漸漸使用於平面面板顯示器(flat panel display)上。與液晶顯示器不同,有機電激發光顯示器所包含之有機發光二極體畫素陣列係具有自發光的特性,因此不需外加背光源;為了應用作為全彩顯示器,開發具適當色度(chromaticity)與高放光效率紅色、綠色與藍色的發光材料是必須且重要的。
電洞和電子之再結合而產生的激子可具有三重態(triplet state)或單重態(singlet state)之自旋態(spin state)。由單重態激子(singlet exciton)所產生的發光為螢光(fluorescence),而由三重態激子(triplet exciton)所產生的發光為磷光(phosphorescence)。磷光的發光效率是螢光的三倍,藉由引入重金屬在發光體結構中,造成強烈的自旋軌道耦合(spin-orbital
coupling),進而使得單重態及三重態激發狀態之間的混合,以致於原件的內部量子效率(internal quantum efficiency,IQE)可大幅提升至100%,因此近年來有機發光二極體多採用發磷光的金屬錯合物做為發光層中的磷光摻雜劑。此外,在發光層中通常會以掺雜技術的製程,將發光材料掺雜在主體發光材料中,以抑制發光材料自我淬息的發生,因此,主體發光材料的開發為相當重要的一個課題,主體發光材料必須具備易捕捉載子、能量轉移特性佳、高玻璃轉換溫度、高熱穩定性、合適的單重態及三重態能隙。然而,由於上述條件相當難以完全符合,因此有機發光二極體在主體發光材料的開發上仍有很大改善的空間。
在三蝶烯結構部分,中華民國專利I390007揭示一種三蝶烯衍生物及其在有機電子元件的應用,其主要揭示具有三取代基的三蝶烯衍生物,如下列化合物。
美國專利申請號US20110272680揭示下列三蝶烯衍生物如下:
綜合上述,開發新穎的主體發光材料是目前亟需努力的目標。
本發明之一目的為提供一種新穎的三蝶烯衍生物。
依據本發明之一實施例,一種三蝶烯衍生物具有下列代表式(I):
其中R1
與R2
可獨立選自鹵素、芳基、具有芳基取代的芳基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的芳基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的芳基、具有胺基取代的芳基、具有鹵素取代基的芳基、具有雜芳基取代基的芳基、雜芳基、具有芳基取代的雜芳基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的雜芳基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的雜芳基、具有鹵素取代基的雜芳基、具有雜芳基取代基的雜芳基、具有芳基取代的胺基、具有雜芳基取代的胺基、磷氧基、具有芳基取代的磷氧基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的磷氧基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的磷氧基、具有鹵素取代基的磷氧基、具有雜芳基取代基的磷氧基、矽烷基、具有芳基取代的矽烷基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的矽烷基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的矽烷基、具有鹵素取代基的矽烷基、具有雜芳基取代基的矽烷基,其中R1
與R2
為不同。
本發明之另一目的為提供具有高效率元件表現的有機發光二極體。
依據本發明另一實施例,一種有機發光二極體,包括一陰極、一陽極以及設置於陰極及陽極之間的一有機層,其中有機層包含上述的三蝶烯衍生物。
本發明之三蝶烯衍生物可作為為一主體發光材料、電子傳輸材料、電洞傳輸材料,並可應用於藍色磷光發光二極體、綠色磷光發光二
極體或紅色磷光發光二極體。
以下藉由具體實施例配合所附的圖式詳加說明,當更容易瞭解本發明之目的、技術內容、特點及其所達成之功效。
1‧‧‧陽極
2‧‧‧陰極
3‧‧‧發光層
4‧‧‧電洞傳輸層
5‧‧‧電子傳輸層
6‧‧‧電洞阻擋層
8‧‧‧電子注入層
9‧‧‧電子阻擋層
圖1為示意圖顯示具有三蝶烯衍生物的發光元件結構。
本發明之三蝶烯衍生物,具有下列代表式(I):
其中R1
與R2
可獨立選自鹵素、芳基、具有芳基取代的芳基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的芳基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的芳基、具有胺基取代的芳基、具有鹵素取代基的芳基、具有雜芳基取代基的芳基、雜芳基、具有芳基取代的雜芳基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的雜芳基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的雜芳基、具有鹵素取代基的雜芳基、具有雜芳基取代基的雜芳基、磷氧基、具有芳基取代的磷氧基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的磷氧基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的磷氧基、具有鹵素取代基的磷氧基、具有雜芳基取代基的磷氧基、矽烷基、具有芳基取代的矽烷基、具有C1
-C20
烷基取代的矽烷基、具有C1
-C20
鹵代烷基取代基的矽烷基、具有鹵素取代基的矽烷基、具有雜芳基取代基的矽烷基。
本發明之部分取代基結合至三蝶烯之方式已見於中華民國專利I390007,在此將其引入作為參照。
在此「芳基」指的是具有6至約30個碳原子之一或多個芳香環之碳氫基團。芳基基團範例包括苯基(phenyl,Ph)、亞苯基(phenylene)、
萘基(naphthyl)、亞萘基(naphthylene)、芘基(pyrenyl)、蒽基(anthryl)、及菲基(phenanthryl)。
「雜芳基」指的是具有一或多個芳香環之碳氫基團,且該芳香環包含至少一雜原子(例如,氮、氧或硫)。雜芳基基團較佳者為5至10個環原子且含有一、二、三或四個獨立選自氧、氮及硫之雜原子且具有一、二或三個環(其中該等環可稠合)的碳環性芳族系統。雜芳基基團範例可包括呋喃基(furyl)、亞呋喃基(furylene)、茀基(fluorenyl)、吡咯基(pyrrolyl)、噻吩基(thienyl)、噁唑基(oxazolyl)、咪唑基(imidazolyl)、噻唑基(thiazolyl)、吡啶基(pyridyl)、嘧啶基(pyrimidinyl)、喹唑啉基(quinazolinyl)、喹啉基(quinolyl)、異喹啉基(isoquinolyl)及吲哚基(indolyl)。在此應註明的是烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、環烯基、雜環烷基、雜環烯基、芳基、以及雜芳基可包括經取代及未經取代之基團。
可能取代於環烷基、環烯基、雜環烷基、雜環烯基、芳基、以及雜芳基之取代基包含但不受限於C1
-C10
烷基、C2
-C10
烯基、C2
-C10
炔基、C3
-C20
環烷基、C3
-C20
環烯基、C1
-C20
雜環烷基、C1
-C20
雜環烯基、C1
-C10
烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、雜芳氧基、胺基、C1
-C10
烷胺基、C1
-C20
二烷胺基、芳胺基、二芳胺基、C1
-C10
烷基磺胺(C1
-C10
alkylsulfonamino)、芳基磺胺(arylsulfonamino)、C1
-C10
烷基亞胺(C1
-C10
alkylimino)、芳基亞胺(arylimino)、C1
-C10
烷基磺亞胺(C1
-C10
alkylsulfonimino)、芳基磺亞胺(arylsulfonimino)、氫氧基、鹵素、硫代基(thio)、C1
-C10
烷硫基、芳硫基、C1
-C10
烷磺醯基(alkylsulfonyl)、芳磺醯基(arylsulfonyl)、醯基胺(acylamino)、胺基醯(aminoacyl)、胺基硫醯(aminothioacyl)、醯胺基(amido)、脒基(amidino)、胍基(guanidine)、脲基(ureido)、硫脲基(thioureido)、腈基、硝基、亞硝基、疊氮基(azido)、醯基、硫醯基、醯氧基(acyloxy)、羧基、及羧酸酯等。另一方面,可能取代於烷基、烯基、或炔基之取代基包含除C1
-C10
烷基外之上述所有取代基。環烷基、環烯基、雜環烷基、雜環烯基、芳基、及雜芳基亦可互相稠合(fused)。
應註明的是本發明可為對稱或不對稱雙取代三蝶烯衍生
物,亦即R1與R2可為相同或者是不同,其中在一較佳實施例中,R1與R2是選自下列取代基:
化合物合成方式
請參照上圖,其顯示1,5-雙碘基三蝶烯之合成流程。將1,5-二胺基蒽醌(10g,42mmol)加入0℃的硫酸(40ml)中,以超過30分鐘的時間緩慢加入亞硝酸鈉(8g,116mmol),形成棕色的溶液並攪拌三小時後,倒入水中(500ml)。在室溫下攪拌30分鐘後,以抽氣過濾收集紫黑色固體並溶於水中(500ml)並加入碘化鉀(10g,62mmol)攪拌三小時後以抽氣過濾收集所產生之棕色固體。過濾液部分加入碘化鉀(10g,62mmol),並攪拌三小時後,將產生之大量棕色固體以抽氣過濾收集,並與前這結合以飽和硫代硫酸鈉水溶液洗滌後以清水洗固體,烘乾。再將所得固體分散於異丙醇(200ml)與四氫呋喃(200ml)混合溶液中並冷卻至0℃,加入硼氫化鈉(4g,105mmol),持續攪拌至溶液變成勻相後加入水中,以抽氣過濾收集固體再用水重複洗之,烘乾。將烘乾之固體置入單頸瓶中並加入冰醋酸(100ml)與苯胼(12ml,122mmol),加入至90℃反應七小時,加水稀釋以抽氣過濾蒐集固體並以清水將固體中殘存醋酸洗去,烘乾再以正己烷連續萃取可得到亮黃色產物。
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):7.44(dd,J
=5.2Hz,2H),7.43(d,J
=8.4Hz,2H),7.37(d,J
=7.2Hz,2H),7.03(dd,J
=5.2Hz,2H),6.71(t,J
=7.6Hz,2H),5.72(s,2H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):148.2,146.1,144.1,135.2,127.2,125.7,124.1,58.6
請參照下圖其顯示本發明相同之雙取代基之合成流程。
將1,5-雙碘基三蝶烯(1,5-diiodotriptycene)(505mg,1.0mmol)、硼酸(boronic acid)(3.0,mmol)及Pd(PPh3
)4
(46mg,2mol%)溶於無水THF(60ml),接著再於氮氣吹拂下加入2M K2
CO3(aq)
(30ml)。加熱並迴流混合物12小時。接著以二氯甲烷(DCM,50ml X 3)萃取,並以管柱層析純化。
將1,5-雙碘基三蝶烯(0.5mmol)、雙取代胺(1.2mmol)、CuI(10mol%)、N,N'
-二甲基甘氨酸(N,N
-dimethyl glycine)(20mol%)以及碳酸鉀(10.0mmol)混合,於氮氣環境下加入二甲基亞碸(5ml)。將混合物加熱到120℃並維持72小時。將混合物倒至水中,以二氯甲烷(25ml X 3)萃取,並以管柱層析純化。
將1,5-雙碘基三蝶烯(0.5mmol)、雙取代基磷化物(1.2mmol)、醋酸鈀(3mol%)、乙腈(2ml)與三乙基胺(2ml)混合。將混合物加熱到85℃並維持72小時。將混合物通過矽藻土和矽膠除去金屬化合物並以二氯甲烷(5ml X 3)沖洗,除去溶劑並以管柱層析純化。純化之產物再以二氯甲烷(10ml)溶解後加入30%過氧化氫水溶液,於室溫下反應24小時,以二氯甲烷(15ml X 3)萃取,以無水硫酸鎂除水並除去溶劑後可得磷氧基取代產物。
Es
/ET
(eV)=3.80/2.51
HOMO/LUMO=5.91/2.11
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):7.92(d,J
=8.4Hz,2H),7.10(d,J
=8.0Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),7.51-7.46(m,8H),7.41-7.31(m,4H),7.29-7.25(m,10H),6.98-6.96(m,2H),6.91(t,J
=7.6Hz,2H),6.58(d,J
=7.6Hz,2H),5.67(s,2H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):152.3,145.4,145.2,143.1,142.8,140.4,137.2,137.0,136.8,130.6,130.4,129.9,129.8,128.6,128.3,128.2,127.5,126.2,125.2,124.9,124.7,123.8,123.4,123.2,123.0,119.9,110.5,50.9
Es
/ET
(eV)=4.16/3.07
HOMO/LUMO=6.21/2.15
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):8.72(d,J
=1.6Hz,4H),7.75(dd,J
=6.4Hz,1.6Hz,2H),7.50-7.47(m,2H),7.35-7.33(m,4H),7.06(t,J
=7.6Hz,2H),7.00-76.96(m,4H),5.65(s,2H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):150.0,148.5,145.5,144.8,143.1,136.6,136.0,134.0,126.5,125.5,125.4,123.8,123.7,123.5,50.8
Es
/ET
(eV)=3.60/3.01
HOMO/LUMO=5.64/2.04
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):8.16-8.23(m,4H),7.44(t,J
=7.6Hz,2H),7.38(d,J
=7.6Hz,2H),7.35-7.33(m,4H),7.14-7.10(m,8H),7.04-7.02(dd,J
=5.2Hz,2H),6.95
(dd,J
=5.2Hz,2H),6.91-6.89(dd,J
=5.2Hz,2H),5.16
(s,2H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):146.9,144.3,143.7,141.7,141.7,132.3,126.5,126.0,125.5,124.5,123.3,123.2,120.4,120.3,119.9,110.5,110.5,49.5,49.5
Es
/ET
(eV)=3.60/3.00
HOMO/LUMO=5.23/1.63
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):6.99(d,J
=8.4Hz,8H),6.82-6.79(m,12H),6.71-6.67(m,6H),5.39(s,2H),2.30(s,12H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):147.0,145.9,144.5,142.6,141.9,130.8,130.6,129.8,125.9,125.1,124.6,123.8,122.1,121.1,121.4,121.2,49.7,20.7
Es
/ET
(eV)=4.25/3.18
HOMO/LUMO=6.50/2.25
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):7.62(t,J
=8.4Hz,8H),7.54(t,J
=7.6Hz,4H),7.43(m,8H),7.10(d,J
=7.2Hz,2H),6.83-6.81(m,2H),6.79-6.77(m,2H),6.68-6.62(m,4H),6.20(s,2H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):150.0,146.1,146.0,143.5,133.4,133.0,132.4,132.2,132.1,132.0,131.8,128.8,128.7,128.6,128.5,128.2,127.8,126.6,125.1,124.6,124.5,124.0,51.7
請參考下圖,以下揭示不對稱雙取代三蝶烯衍生物之合成方
式。
將1,5-雙碘基三蝶烯(1,5-diiodotriptycene)(505mg,1.0mmol)、硼酸(boronic acid)(1.5,mmol)及Pd(PPh3
)4
(23mg,2mol%)溶於無水THF(50ml),接著再於氮氣吹拂下加入2M K2
CO3(aq)
(15ml)。加熱並迴流混合物12小時。接著以乙酸乙酯(EA,50ml X 3)萃取,並以管柱層析純化。
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):8.71-8.67(m,2H),7.71(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H),7.51-7.42(m,4H),7.31(d,J
=7.2Hz,1H),7.21(d,J
=7.2Hz,1H),7.10(t,J
=7.6Hz,1H),7.08-6.97(m,3H),6.68(t,J
=7.6Hz,1H),5.83(s,1H),5.53(s,1H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):150.0,148.5,148.4,146.5,145.1,144.4,142.7,136.5,135.9,135.0,133.9,127.1,126.6,125.6,125.6,125.5,124.2,124.0,123.6,123.4,58.3,51.2
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):7.95(d,J
=8.0Hz,1H),7.77(d,J
=5.6Hz,1H),7.66-7.23(m,12H),7.03-6.99(m,2H),6.66(t,J
=6.4Hz,1H),5.78(s,1H),5.60(s,1H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):152.2,148.6,146.8,144.8,144.6,144.5,142.4,140.2,137.2,136.9,136.9,134.9,130.5,130.5,130.3,129.9,129.4,128.7,128.6,128.4,128.3,127.5,127.5,127.0,126.4,125.5,125.4,125.1,124.1,123.8,123.4,123.1,119.9,110.5,94.0,58.3,51.1
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):9.03-9.00(m,1H),8.70-8.68(m,2H),8.08(d,J
=6.8Hz,2H),7.75-7.63(m,3H),7.53-7.42(m,6H),7.16-7.00(m,4H),6.70(t,J
=7.6Hz,1H),5.85(s,1H),5.66(s,1H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):148.1,147.9,144.5,136.0,135.0,134.8,134.7,132.1,132.0,131.9,129.7,128.5,128.4,127.7,127.1,126.5,125.7,125.6,125.5,124.8,123.8,58.4,51.4
將單碘基取代三蝶烯衍伸物(0.5mmol)、咔唑(carbazole)(0.6mmol)、CuI(10mol%)、N,N
-二甲基甘氨酸(N,N
-dimethyl glycine)(20mol%)與碳酸鉀(5.0mmol)混合,於氮氣環境下加入二甲基亞碸(4ml)。將混合物加熱到120℃並維持72小時。將混合物倒至水中,以二氯甲烷(25ml X 3)萃取,並以管柱層析純化。
Es
/ET
(eV)=3.65/3.02
HOMO/LUMO=5.78(5.91a
)/2.11
Es
/ET
(eV)=3.74/2.81
HOMO/LUMO=6.21(5.78a
)/2.47
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):8.23(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H),7.95(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H),7.71(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.55-7.26(m,16H),7.18(t,J
=8.8Hz,1H),7.15(d,J
=7.2Hz,1H),7.08-6.99(m,8H),6.95(t,J
=8.8Hz,1H),6.65(d,J
=8.8Hz,1H),5.81(s,1H),5.03(s,1H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):145.0,144.8,144.4,142.7,141.7,140.3,137.2,137.0,136.8,130.7,130.6,130.4,129.9,128.6,128.4,127.5,127.0,126.4,126.3,125.9,125.4,125.3,125.2,125.2,124.8,124.4,124.0,123.8,123.7,123.6,123.5,123.2,123.1,120.2,120.0,119.8,110.5,50.8,49.6
Es
/ET
(eV)=3.74/2.84
HOMO/LUMO=6.06(5.72a
)/2.32
1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
,δ):9.07-9.04(m,2H),8.69-8.65(m,3H),8.24(d,J
=4.4Hz,2H),8.06-7.86(m,5H),7.73(s,2H),7.69-7.26(m,8H),7.17-6.95(m,10H),5.84(s,1H),5.09(s,1H).
13
C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3
,δ):148.9,148.8,148.2,147.5,144.9,144.9,144.4,143.9,142.8,142.3,141.7,139.0,136.7,136.1,134.8,134.7,132.5,128.6,127.9,126.7,126.6,126.4,126.0,125.9,125.5,125.5,125.4,124.8,124.6,124.2,123.9,123.7,123.5,123.3,123.2,120.3,120.3,119.9,119.8,110.4,110.2,51.1,49.6.
此外,請參照圖1,圖1為示意圖顯示具有三蝶烯衍生物的發光元件結構之一實施例。發光元件結構具有設置於陽極1及陰極2之間包含化合物的發光層3。發光層3係將發光材料摻雜至主體發光材料中所構成。發光元件結構還包括從陽極1上方依序形成之電洞傳輸層4、激子阻擋層9、發光層3、電洞阻擋層6、電子傳輸層5及電子注入層8。其中,各層之實際厚度與圖中所顯示之尺寸並無關係。其中,本發光元件之電子阻擋層9、電洞阻擋層6及電子注入層8為選擇性包含。其中三蝶烯衍生物可為發光層之一主體發光材料。此外,本發明之三蝶烯衍生物可做為電子傳輸材料或是電洞傳輸材料。
舉例而言,本發明之有機發光二極體為一紅色磷光有機發光二極體、一綠色磷光有機發光二極體或一藍色磷光有機發光二極體。
所形成的裝置結構之中,ITO做為基板,測試的電極材料包括LiF/Al;測試的發光材料包括FIrPic;測試的電子傳輸層包括TAZ(3-phenyl-4-(1'-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole)、BCP(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-[1,10]phenanthroline)及Alq3
(tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III)),其可做為電洞阻擋層或者同時做為電洞阻擋層及電子傳輸層。測試的電洞傳輸層包括NPB(4,4’-bis[N
-(1-naphthyl)-N
-phenyl-amino]bipheny)及mCP(1,3-Bis(N
-carbazolyl)benzene),其可做為激子阻擋層或者同時做為激子阻擋層及電洞傳輸層。
裝置結構
A:NPB(30)/mCP(20)/CzPyTP:8% Fir(pic)(25)/TAZ(50)
B:NPB(30)/mCP(20)/CzPyTP:8% FIr(pic)(25)/TAZ(30)
C:NPB(30)/mCP(20)/CzPyTP:8% FIr(pic)(25)/BCP(40)
D:NPB(30)/mCP(20)/CzPyTP:8% FIr(pic)(25)/BCP(10)/Alq3
(40)
綜合上述,本發明之三蝶烯衍生物,其具有對稱或不對稱之雙取代基。本發明之三蝶烯衍生物可應用於深藍光至紅光之磷光發光元件,並可作為主體材料、電子傳輸材料或電洞傳輸材料。
以上所述之實施例僅係為說明本發明之技術思想及特點,其目的在使熟習此項技藝之人士能夠瞭解本發明之內容並據以實施,當不能以之限定本發明之專利範圍,即大凡依本發明所揭示之精神所作之均等變化或修飾,仍應涵蓋在本發明之專利範圍內。
1‧‧‧陽極
2‧‧‧陰極
3‧‧‧發光層
4‧‧‧電洞傳輸層
5‧‧‧電子傳輸層
6‧‧‧電洞阻擋層
8‧‧‧電子注入層
9‧‧‧電子阻擋層
Claims (8)
- 一種三蝶烯衍生物,具有下列代表式(I):
- 如請求項1所述的三蝶烯衍生物,其中R1 與R2 可獨立選自芳基、具有芳基取代的芳基、具有C1 -C20 烷基取代的芳基、具有C1 -C20 鹵代烷基取代基的芳基、具有胺基取代的芳基、具有鹵素取代基的芳基、具有雜芳基取代基的芳基、雜芳基、具有芳基取代的雜芳基、具有C1 -C20 烷基取代的雜芳基、具有C1 -C20 鹵代烷基取代基的雜芳基、具有鹵素取代基的雜芳基、 具有雜芳基取代基的雜芳基、磷氧基、具有芳基取代的磷氧基、具有C1 -C20 烷基取代的磷氧基、具有C1 -C20 鹵代烷基取代基的磷氧基、具有鹵素取代基的磷氧基、具有雜芳基取代基的磷氧基、矽烷基、具有芳基取代的矽烷基、具有C1 -C20 烷基取代的矽烷基、具有C1 -C20 鹵代烷基取代基的矽烷基、具有鹵素取代基的矽烷基、具有雜芳基取代基的矽烷基。
- 如請求項1所述的三蝶烯衍生物,其中R1 與R2 中係選自下列群組:
- 一種有機發光二極體,包括:一陰極;一陽極;以及一有機層,設置於該陰極及該陽極之間,其中該有機層包含請求項1至3至少其一之三蝶烯衍生物。
- 如請求項4所述之有機發光二極體,其中該有機發光二極體為藍色磷光發光二極體、綠色磷光發光二極體或紅色磷光發光二極體。
- 如請求項4所述之有機發光二極體,其中該有機層為一發光層,而該三蝶烯衍生物為一主體發光材料。
- 如請求項4所述之有機發光二極體,更包含: 一發光層,設置於該陰極及該陽極之間,其中該有機層為一電子傳輸層,其位於該發光層和該陰極之間,以及該三蝶烯衍生物為一電子傳輸材料。
- 如請求項4所述之有機發光二極體,更包含:一發光層,設置於該陰極及該陽極之間,其中該有機層為一電洞傳輸層,其位於該發光層和該陽極之間,以及三蝶烯衍生物為一電洞傳輸材料。
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