WO2015041324A1

WO2015041324A1 - Laminated glass

Info

Publication number: WO2015041324A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/074860
Authority: WO
Inventors: 神吉　哲; 貴弘浅井
Original assignee: 日本板硝子株式会社
Priority date: 2013-09-19
Filing date: 2014-09-19
Publication date: 2015-03-26
Also published as: JP5744355B1; JPWO2015041324A1; JP2016041646A; JP6392166B2

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a laminated glass that can improve sound insulation, particularly against sounds at high frequencies greater than 5000 Hz. [Solution] This laminated glass is provided with an outside glass plate, an inside glass plate that is disposed in opposition to the outside glass plate, and an intermediate film that is held between the outside glass plate and the inside glass plate. The intermediate film is provided with a core layer and at least one outer layer that is disposed on, selected from between the outside glass plate side and the inside glass plate side that sandwich the core layer, at least the outside glass plate side. The Young's modulus of at least one of the outer layers is at least 560 MPa at a core frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20°C.

Description

Laminated glass

The present invention relates to a laminated glass used for a windshield of an automobile.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles, it has been required to reduce the weight of glass such as windshields to be mounted, and accordingly, development of glass with a small thickness has been promoted. However, if the thickness is reduced, the sound insulation performance is lowered, so that there is a problem that sound outside the vehicle flows into the vehicle interior and the vehicle interior environment deteriorates. In particular, it is known that sound transmission loss due to resonance at a specific frequency called a coincidence effect occurs, and as a result, it is known that the sound insulation performance is greatly reduced. In addition, since the coincidence effect is shifted to the high frequency side when the glass thickness is reduced, high frequency noise generated outside the vehicle may flow into the vehicle.

In order to solve this, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a laminated glass in which an intermediate film is disposed between a pair of glass plates, and a sound having a frequency of 5000 Hz is insulated while reducing the surface density. .

JP 2002-326847 A

However, there are various sounds that cause problems in the car, and many of them have a frequency exceeding 5000 Hz. For example, the brake sound and wind noise include sounds having a frequency of 5000 Hz or more, which are factors that hinder the comfort in the vehicle. Therefore, even a sound with a frequency higher than 5000 Hz has a large influence on the inside of the vehicle, and a laminated glass for automobiles corresponding to such a frequency has been demanded. For example, in a hybrid vehicle or an EV vehicle, the motor frequency is 5000 Hz or more, and a technique for improving the sound insulation performance in such a frequency band is required. In particular, since these vehicles hardly hear the engine sound or there is no engine sound, the sound insulation performance of the sound in the frequency band of 5000 Hz or more is important.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has an object to provide a laminated glass that can improve sound insulation for high frequency sound higher than 5000 Hz.

[Correction 11.12.2014 under Rule 91]
A laminated glass according to the present invention comprises an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate disposed opposite to the outer glass plate, and an intermediate film sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, and the intermediate film is A core layer and at least one outer layer disposed on at least the outer glass plate side of the outer glass plate side and the inner glass plate side having higher rigidity than the core layer and sandwiching the core layer; And at least one Young's modulus of the outer layer is 560 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.

In the laminated glass, the Young's modulus of the core layer can be 25 MPa or less at a frequency of 100 Mz and a temperature of 20 ° C.

In the laminated glass, the Young's modulus of the core layer can be 14 MPa or less at a wave number of 100 Mz and a temperature of 20 ° C.

In any of the above laminated glasses, the tan δ of the core layer can be 0.8 or less at a frequency of 100 Mz and a temperature of 20 ° C.

Any of the above laminated glasses may include at least a pair of outer layers sandwiching the core layer.

In the laminated glass, the Young's modulus of the outer layer arranged on the outer glass plate side can be made larger than the Young's modulus of the outer layer arranged on the inner glass plate side.

In any one of the above laminated glasses, the thickness of the outer glass can be made different from the thickness of the inner glass plate.

In any one of the above laminated glasses, the total of the thickness of the outer glass plate and the thickness of the inner glass plate can be 3.8 mm or less.

Any of the above laminated glasses is used as a windshield of an automobile, and the mounting angle from the vertical to the automobile can be 45 degrees or more.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated glass composed of glasses having different thicknesses, which can improve the sound insulation against high frequency sound higher than 5000 Hz and can contribute to making the infrared transmittance within a predetermined range. Can do.

It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the laminated glass which concerns on this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency and sound transmission loss in case the thickness of an outer side glass plate and an inner side glass plate differs. It is the front view (a) and sectional view (b) which show the amount of doubles of a curved laminated glass. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the general frequency and sound transmission loss of a curved glass plate and a planar glass plate. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a frequency and sound transmission loss in different amount of doubling. It is a schematic plan view which shows the measurement position of the thickness of a laminated glass. It is an example of the image used for the measurement of an intermediate film. It is the schematic which shows the attachment method of a laminated glass. It is the graph evaluated regarding the attachment angle. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency and STL in the thickness of a different core layer when an attachment angle is 60 degree | times. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency in the Young's modulus of a different core layer, and STL when an attachment angle is 60 degree | times, the thickness of an outer side glass plate is 2.0 mm, and the thickness of an inner side glass plate is 1.5 mm. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a frequency and STL when an attachment angle is 60 degree | times and the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 is 10 Mpa. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency and sound transmission loss in a laminated glass. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency when changing the thickness of a single plate glass, and sound transmission loss. It is a model figure of the simulation for outputting sound transmission loss. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an interlayer film. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the amount of double.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a laminated glass according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glass according to the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, the laminated glass according to this embodiment includes an outer glass plate 1, an inner glass plate 2, and an intermediate film 3 sandwiched between these glasses. Moreover, although the intermediate film 3 can be comprised by the core layer 31 and a pair of outer layer 32 which clamps this, this is an example and it mentions later for details. The outer glass plate 1 is a glass plate disposed on the side susceptible to disturbance, and the inner glass plate 2 is a glass plate disposed on the opposite side. Therefore, for example, when this laminated glass is used as a glass of an automobile, the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle becomes an outer glass plate, and when used as a building material, the side facing outward becomes an outer glass plate. However, depending on the disturbance that can be received, the arrangement may be opposite. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<1. Outer glass plate and inner glass plate>
As the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2, known glass plates can be used, and they can be formed of heat ray absorbing glass, general clear glass, green glass, or UV green glass. However, when this laminated glass is used for an automobile window, it is necessary to realize a visible light transmittance in accordance with the safety standard of the country where the automobile is used. For example, the required solar radiation absorption rate can be secured by the outer glass plate 1, and the visible light transmittance can be adjusted by the inner glass plate 2 so as to satisfy the safety standard. Below, an example of clear glass, heat ray absorption glass, and soda-lime-type glass is shown.

(Clear glass)
SiO ₂ : 70 to 73% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.6 to 2.4% by mass
CaO: 7 to 12% by mass
MgO: 1.0 to 4.5% by mass
R ₂ O: 13 to 15% by mass (R is an alkali metal)
Total iron oxide converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 0.08 to 0.14% by mass
(Heat ray absorbing glass)
The composition of the heat-absorbing glass, for example, based on the composition of the clear glass, the proportion of the total iron oxide in terms of _{_{Fe 2 O 3 (T-Fe}} 2 O 3) and 0.4 to 1.3 wt%, CeO The ratio of ₂ is 0 to 2% by mass, the ratio of TiO ₂ is 0 to 0.5% by mass, and the glass skeleton components (mainly SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ ) are T-Fe ₂ O ₃ , CeO. _The composition can be reduced by an increase of ₂ and TiO ₂ .

(Soda-lime glass)
SiO ₂ : 65-80% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
CaO: 5 to 15% by mass
MgO: 2% by mass or more NaO: 10-18% by mass
K ₂ O: 0 to 5% by mass
MgO + CaO: 5-15% by mass
Na ₂ O + K ₂ O: 10 to 20% by mass
SO ₃ : 0.05 to 0.3% by mass
B ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
Fe total iron oxide in terms of _{_{_{2 O 3 (T-Fe 2}}} O 3): 0.02 ~ 0.03 wt%
The thickness of the laminated glass according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is preferably 2.4 to 3.8 mm. The thickness is more preferably 2.6 to 3.4 mm, and particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.2 mm. Thus, since it is necessary to reduce the total thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 for weight reduction, the thickness of each glass plate is not particularly limited, For example, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 can be determined as follows.

The outer glass plate 1 mainly needs durability and impact resistance against external obstacles. For example, when this laminated glass is used as a windshield of an automobile, the outer glass plate 1 has impact resistance performance against flying objects such as pebbles. is necessary. On the other hand, as the thickness is larger, the weight increases, which is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is preferably 1.8 mm or more, 1.9 mm or more, 2.0 mm or more, 2.1 mm or more, or 2.2 mm or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the thickness of the outer glass is preferably 5.0 mm or less, 4.0 mm or less, 3.1 mm or less, 2.5 mm or less, 2.4 mm or less. Among these, it is preferably larger than 2.1 mm and not larger than 2.5 mm, particularly preferably not smaller than 2.2 mm and not larger than 2.4 mm. Which thickness is adopted can be determined according to the application of the glass.

The thickness of the inner glass plate can be made equal to that of the outer glass plate 1, but the thickness can be made smaller than that of the outer glass plate 1, for example, in order to reduce the weight of the laminated glass. Specifically, considering the strength of the glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate 2 is preferably in the order of 0.6 mm or more, 0.8 mm or more, 1.0 mm or more, and 1.3 mm or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the thickness of the inner glass plate 2 is 5.0 mm or less, 4.0 mm or less, 3.1 mm or less, 2.5 m or less, 2.0 mm or less, 1.6 mm or less, 1.4 mm or less, 1.3 mm. Hereinafter, it is preferable in the order of less than 1.1 mm. Among these, for example, 0.6 mm or more and less than 1.1 mm, or greater than 2.1 mm and 2.5 mm or less, and particularly preferably 2.2 mm or more and 2.4 mm or less. Which thickness is used for the inner glass plate 2 can also be determined according to the purpose of the glass.

In this regard, the present inventor obtained the following examination results on the difference in thickness when the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are made to have different thicknesses. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, it has been found that the sound insulation performance decreases as the difference in thickness between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 increases. FIG. 2A is a graph in which sound transmission loss (STL: Sound Transmission Loss) is calculated under the following conditions (the calculation method follows the method of an embodiment described later). First, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 were flat clear glass having a width of 800 mm and a length of 500 mm. The intermediate film 3 is composed of three layers in which the core layer 31 is sandwiched between a pair of outer layers 32. The thickness of the core layer is 0.10 mm, the thickness of the outer layer is 0.33 mm, and the total is 0.76 mm. The Young's modulus (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.) of the core layer 31 is 25 MPa, and the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.) is 560 MPa. Moreover, in FIG.2 (b), it is the same conditions as Fig.2 (a) except the Young's modulus of an outer layer being 441 Mpa. In the following description such as the simulation of FIG. 5, the specifications and measurement conditions of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 are the same as described above unless otherwise specified. Further, unless otherwise specified, clear glass is used, but is not limited thereto. This is because the sound insulation performance is determined by the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density of the glass, and clear glass and, for example, green glass have the same value.

As shown in FIG. 2, when the difference in thickness between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is larger than 0.7 mm, it can be seen that the STL decreases in the frequency range of 2500 to 5000 Hz. Further, the STL is remarkably reduced even in a low frequency range of 3000 Hz or less. This point is generally the same even if the Young's modulus of the outer layer is different. From this viewpoint, the difference in thickness between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is preferably 0.7 mm or less, and more preferably 0.5 mm or less.

Further, the shape of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 according to the present embodiment may be either a planar shape or a curved shape. However, since the sound transmission loss (STL: Sound Transmission Loss) of glass, which will be described later, is lower in the curved shape, the curved glass particularly requires an acoustic measure. The reason why the STL value is lower in the curved shape than in the planar shape is that the curved shape is more influenced by the resonance mode.

Furthermore, when the laminated glass has a curved shape, even if the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 have the same thickness, the sound insulation performance decreases as the amount of double increases. The amount of double is an amount indicating the bending of the glass plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a virtual straight line L connecting the left and right centers of the glass plate, that is, the center of the upper side and the center of the lower side of the glass plate. When set, the largest amount of the distance between the straight line L and the surface of the glass plate (the surface on the concave surface side) is defined as a double amount D.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a general frequency and sound transmission loss of a curved glass plate and a planar glass plate. According to FIG. 4, the curved glass plate has no significant difference in sound transmission loss in the range of the doubly amount of 30 to 38 mm, but compared with the planar glass plate, it transmits sound in a frequency band of 4000 Hz or less. It can be seen that the loss is decreasing. Therefore, when producing a curved glass plate, the amount of double is better, but for example, when the amount of double exceeds 30 mm, the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 of the intermediate film 3 is reduced as described later. For example, the pressure is preferably 25 MPa (frequency 100 Hz, temperature 20 ° C.) or less.

The inventor has also obtained more detailed test results. FIG. 5 shows the result of simulating the relationship between the frequency and the STL at different doubling amounts. In this simulation, the thicknesses of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are both 1.75 mm, and only the line connecting the upper and lower sides of both

glass plates

1 and 2 is curved. 5A, the Young's modulus of the outer layer is 560 MPa, and in FIG. 5B, the Young's modulus of the outer layer is 441 MPa. Other conditions are the same as those in the graph of FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in this laminated glass, it can be seen that the STL decreases in the frequency range of 4000 Hz or less as the amount of doubling increases. In particular, when the amount of doubling is larger than 30 mm, the STL is significantly reduced. This is considered to be due to the fact that when the amount of doubling increases, the incident angle of sound to the laminated glass tends to increase, and this makes it easier for the laminated glass to resonate. This point is generally the same even if the Young's modulus of the outer layer is different. In this respect, the amount of doubling is preferably 30 mm or less, and more preferably 20 mm or less.

From the above examination, when the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the thickness of the inner glass plate 2 are different, the sound insulation performance is deteriorated. However, in order to suppress the deterioration of the sound insulation performance, as described above, It is preferable that the difference in thickness between the glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is 0.7 mm or less and the amount of doubling is 30 mm or less.

Here, an example of a method for measuring the thickness when the glass plate is curved will be described. First, about a measurement position, as shown in FIG. 6, it is two places up and down on the center line S extended in the up-down direction at the center of the left-right direction of a glass plate. The measuring instrument is not particularly limited, and for example, a thickness gauge such as SM-112 manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. can be used. At the time of measurement, it is arranged so that the curved surface of the glass plate is placed on a flat surface, and the end of the glass plate is sandwiched by the thickness gauge and measured. Even when the glass plate is flat, it can be measured in the same manner as when the glass plate is curved.

<2. Interlayer>
The intermediate film 3 is formed of a plurality of layers. As an example, as shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate film 3 includes three layers in which a soft core layer 31 is sandwiched between hard outer layers 32 having higher rigidity. be able to. However, it is not limited to this configuration, and may be formed of a plurality of layers having the core layer 31 and at least one outer layer 32 disposed on the outer glass plate 1 side. For example, two layers of the intermediate film 3 including the core layer 31 and one outer layer 32 disposed on the outer glass plate 1 side, or an even number of outer layers each having two or more layers on both sides around the core layer 31. Alternatively, the intermediate film 3 may include the intermediate film 3 in which the odd number of outer layers 32 are disposed on one side and the even number of outer layers 32 are disposed on the other side. In the case where only one outer layer 32 is provided, the outer layer 32 is provided on the outer glass plate 1 side as described above, but this is to improve the resistance to breakage against external force from outside the vehicle or outdoors. Further, when the number of outer layers 32 is large, the sound insulation performance is also improved.

As long as the core layer 31 is softer than the outer layer 32, the hardness thereof is not particularly limited. For example, the material can be selected based on the Young's modulus. Specifically, it is preferably 1 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees. The upper limit is not particularly limited. For example, it is preferably 25 MP or less, more preferably 20 MPa or less, particularly preferably 18 MPa or less, more preferably 14 MPa or less, and more preferably 10 MPa or less. Even more preferably. With such a range, it is possible to prevent the STL from decreasing in a low frequency range of approximately 3500 Hz or less.

In this regard, it has been found by the present inventor that the sound insulation performance is improved in the frequency range of 3000 to 5000 Hz when the Young's modulus of the core layer is generally lowered. In this regard, Table 1 below shows the sound insulation performance of the laminated glass having an intermediate film composed of an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate made of clear glass, and an outer layer located on both sides of the core layer and the core layer. Show. The thickness of the outer glass plate is 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.3 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate film is 0.10 mm for the core layer and 0.33 mm for the outer layer, for a total of 0.76 mm. Table 1 below shows sound transmission loss when the frequency is between 1250 and 10,000 Hz. Specifically, sound transmission loss is calculated when the Young's modulus (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.) of the core layer of the interlayer film is 25 MPa, 12.5 MPa, and 6.25 MPa (a calculation method will be described later). According to the method of the embodiment), the difference in sound transmission loss when the Young's modulus is 12.5 MPa and 6.25 MPa (unit: 0 in the following table, based on the case where the Young's modulus is 25 MPa) Indicates dB). At this time, the Young's modulus of the outer layer is 560 MPa, and tan δ is 0.26 (temperature 20 ° C., frequency 100 Hz). According to Table 1, when the frequency is between 3150 and 5000 Hz, the sound transmission loss improves as the Young's modulus of the core layer of the intermediate film decreases from 25 MPa to 12.5 MPa and 6.25 MPa. I understand.

As a measuring method, for example, frequency dispersion measurement can be performed with a strain amount of 0.05% using a solid viscoelasticity measuring device DMA 50 manufactured by Metravib. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, in this specification, the Young's modulus is a value measured by the above method. However, the measurement when the frequency is 200 Hz or less uses an actual measurement value. When the frequency is higher than 200 Hz, a calculation value based on the actual measurement value is used. This calculated value is based on a master curve calculated by using the WLF method from the actually measured value.

On the other hand, as will be described later, the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 is preferably large in order to improve the sound insulation performance in a high frequency region, and is 560 MPa or more, 600 MPa or more, 650 MPa or more, 700 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees. It is preferable in the order of 750 MPa or more, 880 MPa or more, or 1300 MPa or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 is not particularly limited, but can be set from the viewpoint of workability, for example. For example, it is empirically known that when it becomes 1750 MPa or more, workability, particularly cutting becomes difficult. Moreover, when providing a pair of outer layer 32 which pinches | interposes the core layer 31, it is preferable to make the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 by the side of the outer side glass plate 1 larger than the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 by the side of the inner side glass plate 2. Thereby, the damage resistance performance with respect to the external force from the outside of a vehicle or the outdoors improves.

Further, tan δ of the core layer 31 can be set to 0.1 to 0.9 at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C. When tan δ is in the above range, the sound insulation performance is improved.

In this regard, it has been found by the present inventor that the sound insulation performance is improved in the frequency range of 5000 to 10000 Hz when the tan δ of the core layer is generally increased. In this regard, Table 2 below shows the sound insulation performance of laminated glass having an intermediate film composed of an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate made of clear glass, and a core layer and outer layers positioned on both sides of the core layer. Is shown. The thickness of the outer glass plate is 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.3 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate film is 0.10 mm for the core layer and 0.33 mm for the outer layer, for a total of 0.76 mm. The Young's modulus of the core layer and the outer layer at this time is 12.5 MPa and 560 MPa, respectively (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.). Table 2 below shows sound transmission loss when the frequency is between 1250 and 10000 Hz. Specifically, sound transmission loss is calculated when tan δ (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.) of the interlayer film is 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 (a calculation method is described in an example described later). The difference in sound transmission loss when tan δ is 1.2 and 1.6 (unit is dB), based on the case where tan δ is 0.8 (in the following table, it is 0). ). Note that tan δ of the outer layer is 0.26. According to Table 2, when the frequency is between 5000 and 10,000 Hz, the sound transmission loss is improved as the tan δ of the intermediate film increases from 0.8 to 1.2, 1.6. . It can also be seen that the sound transmission loss decreases with increasing values from 0.8 to 1.2 and 1.6 at 1600 to 3150 Hz. In other words, by setting it to 0.8 or less, it can be said that the sound transmission loss is improved at 1600-3150 Hz.

Further, the material constituting each of the

layers

31 and 32 is not particularly limited, but it is necessary that the material has at least a Young's modulus in the above range, for example, a resin material. For example, the outer layer 32 can be comprised by polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). Polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable because it is excellent in adhesiveness and penetration resistance with each glass plate. On the other hand, the core layer 31 can be made of an ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) or a polyvinyl acetal resin softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin constituting the outer layer. By sandwiching the soft core layer between them, the sound insulation performance can be greatly improved while maintaining the same adhesion and penetration resistance as the single-layer resin intermediate film.

In general, the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin is controlled by (a) the degree of polymerization of the starting polyvinyl alcohol, (b) the degree of acetalization, (c) the type of plasticizer, (d) the addition ratio of the plasticizer, etc. Can do. Accordingly, by appropriately adjusting at least one selected from these conditions, a hard polyvinyl butyral resin used for the outer layer 32 and a soft polyvinyl butyral resin used for the core layer 31 even if the same polyvinyl butyral resin is used. Can be made separately. Furthermore, the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin can also be controlled by the type of aldehyde used for acetalization, coacetalization with a plurality of aldehydes or pure acetalization with a single aldehyde. Although it cannot generally be said, the polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by using an aldehyde having a large number of carbon atoms tends to be softer. Therefore, for example, when the outer layer 32 is made of polyvinyl butyral resin, the core layer 31 has an aldehyde having 5 or more carbon atoms (for example, n-hexylaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-heptylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde) and a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalization with polyvinyl alcohol can be used. In addition, when a predetermined Young's modulus is obtained, it is not limited to the said resin.

The total thickness of the intermediate film 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred. The thickness of the core layer 31 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. In particular, the lower limit is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.15 mm or more, and particularly preferably 0.2 mm or more. On the other hand, the thickness of each outer layer 32 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. In addition, the total thickness of the intermediate film 3 can be made constant, and the thickness of the core layer 31 can be adjusted therein.

The thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 can be measured as follows, for example. First, the cross section of the laminated glass is enlarged and displayed by 175 times using a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by Keyence Corporation). And the thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 is specified by visual observation, and this is measured. At this time, in order to eliminate visual variation, the number of measurements is set to 5 times, and the average value is defined as the thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32. For example, an enlarged photograph of a laminated glass as shown in FIG. 7 is taken, and the core layer and outer layer 32 are specified in this and the thickness is measured.

In addition, the thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 of the intermediate film 3 does not need to be constant over the entire surface, and can be a wedge shape for laminated glass used for a head-up display, for example. In this case, the thickness of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 of the intermediate film 3 is measured at the position where the thickness is the smallest, that is, the lowermost side portion of the laminated glass. When the intermediate film 3 is wedge-shaped, the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are not arranged in parallel, but such an arrangement is also included in the “opposing arrangement” between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate in the present invention. . That is, the “opposing arrangement” of the present invention is, for example, an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate when the intermediate film 3 using the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 whose thickness is increased at a change rate of 3 mm or less per 1 m is used. Including the arrangement.

Although the manufacturing method of the intermediate film 3 is not particularly limited, for example, after blending resin components such as the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin, a plasticizer, and other additives as necessary, and uniformly kneading, each layer is collectively And a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by this method by a pressing method, a laminating method or the like. The resin film before lamination used in a method of laminating by a press method, a laminating method or the like may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.

<4. Manufacturing method of laminated glass>
The manufacturing method of the laminated glass which concerns on this embodiment is not specifically limited, The manufacturing method of a conventionally well-known laminated glass is employable. For example, first, the intermediate film 3 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2, placed in a rubber bag, and pre-bonded at about 70 to 110 ° C. while sucking under reduced pressure. Other pre-adhesion methods are possible. For example, the intermediate film 3 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 and heated at 45 to 65 ° C. in an oven. Subsequently, this laminated glass is pressed by a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. Next, the laminated glass is again heated at 80 to 105 ° C. in an oven and then pressed again with a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. Thus, preliminary adhesion is completed.

Next, this bonding is performed. The pre-bonded laminated glass is subjected to main bonding by an autoclave at 8 to 15 atm and 100 to 150 ° C. Specifically, the main bonding can be performed under the conditions of 14 atm and 145 ° C. Thus, the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is manufactured.

<5. Body>
When the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is attached to an automobile, it can be applied to window glasses of various automobiles. Among these, the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is excellent in sound insulation performance with respect to sound in a frequency band of 5000 Hz or more, as will be described later, and therefore, particularly when attached to a hybrid vehicle or an EV vehicle, the sound insulation effect is large. This is because a motor used in a hybrid vehicle or an EV vehicle is driven at a high frequency, so that a high-frequency sound is likely to be generated.

<6. Position used for car body>
The laminated glass according to the present embodiment can be applied to a window glass at any position of an automobile. Among these, it is particularly desirable to use it for a windshield. However, the laminated glass which concerns on this embodiment is not limited to a windshield, It can be used also for a side glass and a rear glass.

<7. Laminated glass mounting structure>
The laminated glass mentioned above can be attached to attachment structures, such as a car and a building, for example. At this time, the laminated glass is attached to the attachment structure via the attachment portion. The attachment portion corresponds to, for example, a frame such as a urethane frame for attachment to an automobile, an adhesive, a clamp, or the like. As an example of attachment to an automobile, as shown in FIG. 8A, first, pins 50 are attached to both ends of the laminated glass 10, and an adhesive 60 is applied to the automobile frame 70 to be attached. . A through hole 80 into which a pin is inserted is formed in the frame. And the laminated glass 10 is attached to the flame | frame 70 as shown in FIG.8 (b). First, the pin 50 is inserted into the through hole 80 and the laminated glass 10 is temporarily fixed to the frame 70. At this time, since a step is formed in the pin 50, the pin 50 is inserted only halfway through the through-hole 80, whereby a gap is generated between the frame 70 and the laminated glass 10. And since the adhesive material 60 mentioned above is apply | coated to this clearance gap, the laminated glass 10 and the flame | frame 70 are fixed via the adhesive material 60 with progress of time.

By the way, the present inventor has found that the sound insulation performance decreases as the mounting angle of the windshield increases. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the result of simulating the relationship between frequency and sound transmission loss (STL). In this graph, laminated glass with a resin intermediate film sandwiched between two glass plates with thicknesses of 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm is used, and the vertical mounting angle is set to 5 types between 0 and 75 degrees. The result of setting and simulation is shown. The core layer has a thickness of 0.1 mm, the outer layer has a thickness of 0.33 mm, and the core layer has a Young's modulus of 25 MPa. In FIG. 9A, the outer Young's modulus is 560 MPa, and in FIG. 9B, the outer Young's modulus is 441 MPa. The simulation method follows the method described in the examples. According to this graph, it can be seen that when the mounting angle is larger than 45 degrees, the sound transmission loss is reduced in a frequency range of 2500 to 5000 Hz which is easy for humans to hear. Thereby, sound insulation performance falls and the problem that a vehicle interior environment deteriorates generate | occur | produces. This is considered to be due to the fact that when the mounting angle is increased, the incident angle of sound to the laminated glass with respect to the horizontal direction is likely to be increased, which makes it easier for the laminated glass to resonate. This point is almost the same even if the Young's modulus of the outer layer is different, but as the Young's modulus of the outer layer is higher, the upper and lower peaks of the STL are slightly shifted to the high frequency side. Accordingly, in the attachment of the laminated glass to the attachment structure, the attachment angle of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 45 degrees or less from the vertical N as shown in FIG.

In addition, the above-described doubling amount also contributes to suppressing a decrease in sound insulation performance at a frequency of 2000 to 5000 Hz, particularly around 3150 Hz. For example, when the doubling amount is 20 mm or less, the mounting angle is set to 45 degrees or less. When the amount of doubling is 20 mm or more and 40 mm or less, the mounting angle is preferably 30 degrees or less.

However, depending on the type of automobile, the attachment angle of the laminated glass may be larger than 45 degrees, and in that case, the sound insulation performance is lowered. Therefore, in order to suppress a decrease in sound insulation performance at a frequency of 2000 to 5000 Hz even when the mounting angle is large, as will be described later, the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 is reduced or the thickness of the core layer 31 is increased. It is preferable. In this way, it has been found that the sound insulation performance is improved in a frequency range in which the sound insulation performance is lowered by increasing the mounting angle, and in a frequency region almost the same. In this case, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 may have the same thickness.

On the other hand, the present inventor has found that when the mounting angle of the laminated glass is increased and the thickness of the core layer 31 is increased, the sound insulation performance decreases at a frequency of about 5000 to 8000 Hz. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the frequency and STL at different core layer thicknesses when the mounting angle is 60 degrees. The outer glass plate has a thickness of 2.0 mm, the inner glass plate has a thickness of 1.5 mm, the outer layer has a thickness of 0.33 mm, the core layer has a Young's modulus of 25 MPa, and the outer layer has a Young's modulus of 441 MPa. According to the figure, the STL at 2000 to 5000 Hz increases as the thickness of the core layer 31 increases, but the STL decreases at 5000 to 8000 Hz.

Similarly, the present inventor has found that the sound insulation performance decreases when the frequency is around 5000 to 8000 Hz when the mounting angle of the laminated glass is increased and the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 is decreased. FIG. 11 (a) shows that when the mounting angle is 60 degrees, the thickness of the outer glass plate is 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.5 mm, and the Young's modulus of the outer layer is 560 MPa, the Young of different core layers. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency in a rate, and STL. FIG. 11B is a graph of 441 MPa, which is different only in the Young's modulus of the outer layer. As can be seen from the figure, the STL at 2000 to 5000 Hz increases as the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 decreases, but the STL decreases at 5000 to 8000 Hz. This point is almost the same even if the Young's modulus of the outer layer is different, but as the Young's modulus of the outer layer is higher, the upper and lower peaks of the STL are slightly shifted to the high frequency side.

In contrast, the present inventors have found that the STL at 5000 to 8000 Hz is improved by increasing the Young's modulus of the outer layer. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the frequency and STL when the mounting angle is 60 degrees and the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 is 10 MPa (frequency 100 Hz, temperature 20 degrees). In this graph, three types of laminated glasses having different Young's moduli of the outer layer 32 were prepared while setting the Young's modulus of the core layer 31 to 10 MPa. That is, the thickness of the outer layer 32 was 441 MPa, 560 MPa, and 800 MPa. As a result, at 2000 to 5000 Hz, although the STL is low when the Young's modulus of the outer layer is large, there is no significant difference from other laminated glasses. On the other hand, at 5000 to 8000 Hz, the STL of the laminated glass having a large Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 is the largest.

From this point of view, when the mounting angle is as large as 45 degrees or more, it is preferable that the outer layer 32 has a large Young's modulus, for example, 560 MPa or more, whereby the core layer 31 has a Young's modulus of, for example, 1 to It was found that the STL of 5000 to 8000 Hz is improved even when the pressure is as low as 25 MPa. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, it is preferable that the Young's modulus of the core layer is low because STL is improved at 2000 to 5000 Hz.

<8. Features>
According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained by setting the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 constituting a part of the intermediate film 3 to 560 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees.

That is, the present inventor has found that when the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 of the intermediate film 3 is improved, the sound insulation performance in a frequency range of about 4000 Hz or more is improved. For example, when an outer layer 32 having a Young's modulus of 560 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz) is used with respect to a generally used outer layer having a Young's modulus of 441 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz), an STL of 0.1 is obtained at a frequency of about 6300 Hz. It was found to improve 3 dB. In general, since it is assumed that a human can recognize a change in sound of 0.3 dB or more, by increasing the Young's modulus, a sound insulation effect that can be recognized by a human can be obtained in a high frequency range. It has also been found that the sound insulation performance increases as the Young's modulus of the outer layer 32 increases.

On the other hand, in the low frequency range of 1000 to 3500 Hz, it is known that the STL decreases when the Young's modulus of the outer layer is improved. However, it has also been found that the decrease is small.

In addition, as shown in the following formula, the coincidence frequency is generally shifted to the higher frequency side as the thickness and Young's modulus of glass become smaller.

Therefore, if the laminated glass has a small thickness, it is advantageous to use the outer layer 32 having a high Young's modulus as described above.

Moreover, even if the total thickness of laminated glass is the same, when the thickness of the outer side glass plate 1 and the inner side glass plate 2 is different, it was discovered by this inventor that the sound insulation performance in a specific frequency range falls. ing. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, it was found that the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz, which is easy for humans to hear, is lower than in the case of the same thickness. The figure is a graph showing the result of simulating the relationship between frequency and sound transmission loss (STL). This graph shows a laminated glass composed of a glass plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm (hereinafter referred to as a first laminated glass) and a laminated glass composed of different glass plates having a thickness of 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm. Hereinafter, the second laminated glass is displayed. In any laminated glass, a resin intermediate film is disposed between glass plates. According to this graph, it can be seen that the sound transmission loss of the second laminated glass is lower than that of the first laminated glass in the frequency region of 3000 to 5000 Hz. That is, it has been found that the use of glass plates having different thicknesses reduces the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz that is easy for humans to hear.

On the other hand, the present inventor has found that the STL at 2000 to 5000 Hz does not decrease as the thickness of the core layer 31 constituting a part of the intermediate film 3 decreases or as the Young's modulus decreases. For example, at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees, if the pressure is 25 MPa or less, preferably 20 MPa or less, more preferably 18 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 14 MPa or less, the sound insulation performance may not be lowered at a frequency that is easily heard by humans. I found it.

This is thought to be due to the following reasons. First, since the influence of the soft core layer 31 is almost eliminated when the thickness of the core layer 31 is small, the properties of the hard outer layer 32 are mainly increased in the intermediate film 3. That is, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are connected by the hard intermediate film 3, and thus, even if it is a laminated glass, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2. As a single plate of the same thickness, the properties become stronger. Moreover, as shown in the above-mentioned formula 1, generally, the coincidence frequency shifts to the high frequency side as the thickness and Young's modulus of glass decrease.

Considering these, if the intermediate film 3 is hard, that is, if the Young's modulus is large, even if it is a laminated glass having a total thickness of 4 mm, the coincidence frequency is 3 as in the case of a single plate having a thickness of 4 mm. It becomes ˜4 kHz, and the performance decreases in a frequency band that is easy for humans to hear. On the other hand, if the intermediate film 3 is soft, that is, if the Young's modulus decreases, the performance of the laminated glass is the sum of the two glass plates. For example, if it is a laminated glass consisting of a 2 mm glass plate and a 1 mm glass plate, its performance tends to be the sum of the performances of the two glass plates. That is, for example, since the thickness of each glass plate shown in FIG. 14 is smaller than 4 mm, the coincidence frequency is shifted to the high frequency side, and the 2 mm glass plate has a coincidence frequency around 5000 Hz, and the 1 mm glass plate has 8000 Hz. There is a coincidence frequency. And since the performance of the laminated glass of these 1 mm and 2 mm thick glass plates is the sum of them, the coincidence frequency exists between 5000 and 8000 Hz. In addition, FIG. 14 is a graph which shows the result of having simulated the relationship between the frequency and STL of the single plate which is not a laminated glass.

Therefore, when the thickness of the core layer 31 constituting a part of the intermediate film 3 is increased, the influence of the soft core layer 31 is increased, and the laminated glass is provided 2 with the core layer 31 of the intermediate film 3 interposed therebetween. The combined properties of the two glass plates appear. Thereby, when the thickness of the outer side glass plate 1 and the inner side glass plate 2 is different, for example, even if the thickness of the inner side glass plate 2 is reduced, the sound insulation performance is not lowered at a frequency that is easy for humans to hear. That is, the coincidence frequency is shifted to the high frequency side by reducing the thickness of the inner glass plate 2. Therefore, as described above, it is possible to increase the sound transmission loss that is reduced in the frequency region of 2000 to 5000 Hz due to the thinning of the inner glass plate 2. As a result, it is possible to improve the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz that is easy for humans to hear, as well as reducing the weight of the laminated glass.

Therefore, in order to improve the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the soft core layer 31. As described above, if the difference in thickness between the outer glass 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is small, the sound insulation performance can be further improved.

Although the above knowledge relates to the thickness of the core layer 31 that is softer than the outer layer 32, the same effect can be obtained by setting the Young's modulus range of the core layer 31 as described above. it can.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

1. Test A
Laminated glasses according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were prepared as follows. The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is only the Young's modulus of the outer layer.

First, the outer and inner glass plates were formed with the above-described clear glass. The thickness of the outer glass plate was 2.0 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate was 1.3 mm. And the intermediate film was comprised with the core layer and a pair of outer layer which clamps this. The thickness of the intermediate film was 0.76 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, and the thicknesses of both outer layers were 0.33 mm. The Young's modulus of the core layer was adjusted to 19 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz). The Young's modulus of the outer layer in Example 1 was 882 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz), and the Young's modulus of the outer layer in Comparative Example 1 was 441 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz).

For the above Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the sound transmission loss was evaluated by simulation. The simulation conditions are as follows.

First, the simulation was performed using acoustic analysis software (ACTRAN, manufactured by Free Field technology). In this software, the sound transmission loss (transmitted sound pressure level / incident sound pressure level) of the laminated glass can be calculated by solving the following wave equation using the finite element method.

Next, calculation conditions will be described.
(1) Model setting The model of the laminated glass used in this simulation is shown in FIG. In this model, a laminated glass is defined in which an outer glass plate, an intermediate film, an inner glass plate, and a urethane frame are laminated in this order from the sound source side. Here, the reason why the urethane frame is added to the model is that there is a considerable influence on the calculation result of sound transmission loss due to the presence or absence of the urethane frame, and between the laminated glass and the vehicle windshield. This is because it is generally considered that a urethane frame is used and bonded.
(2) Input condition 1 (dimensions, etc.)

Note that the size of the glass plate, 800 × 500 mm, is smaller than the size used in an actual vehicle. As the glass size increases, the STL value tends to deteriorate. This is because, as the size increases, the constrained portion increases and the resonance mode increases accordingly. However, even if the glass size is different, the tendency of the relative value for each frequency, that is, the laminated glass made of glass plates with different thicknesses becomes worse in a predetermined frequency band than the laminated glass made of glass plates with the same thickness. The trend is the same.

Further, in the finite element method, the mesh formed on the glass plate was a rectangular parallelepiped having a side of 5 mm. This is generally said to be accurate if it is 1/6 or less of the maximum wavelength to be analyzed, and 5 mm used this time corresponds to about 1/7 of the wavelength at 10000 Hz. Therefore, the accuracy of simulation is guaranteed.

The random diffused sound wave in Table 1 is a sound wave having a predetermined frequency transmitted with an incident angle in any direction with respect to the outer glass plate, and a sound source in a reverberation chamber for measuring sound transmission loss. Is assumed. On the other hand, the plane wave is a wave having a wavefront perpendicular to a certain traveling direction, and a sound wave having a predetermined frequency is incident on the outer glass plate and propagates perpendicularly. In addition, the effect of the sound insulation performance can be evaluated even using a plane wave.
(3) Input condition 2 (property value)

[About Young's modulus and loss factor of core layer and both outer layers]
Different values were used for each main frequency. This is because the Young's modulus is strongly frequency dependent due to the viscous effect because the core layer and both outer layers are viscoelastic bodies. In addition, although the temperature dependence is large, the physical property value which assumed temperature constant (20 degreeC) was used this time.

The results are as shown in the graph of FIG. In this graph, the horizontal axis represents frequency (Hz), and the vertical axis represents STL difference (dB) between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 at each frequency. According to this result, the STL in a frequency region of approximately 4000 Hz or more can be improved by increasing the Young's modulus of the outer layer as in Example 1 as compared with Comparative Example 1. That is, the sound insulation performance can be improved. For example, at about 5000 to 10000 Hz, there is a difference in STL of 0.6 dB or more between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and it can be seen that the sound insulation performance is greatly improved in Example 1. Therefore, when such a laminated glass is used in an automobile, it is possible to effectively block high-frequency sounds such as brake noise and wind noise from flowing into the vehicle. On the other hand, in Example 1, the STL is approximately 0 to 0.2 dB lower than that in Comparative Example 1 in the frequency range of 1000 to 3500 Hz. However, generally, a human can recognize a difference in sound if there is a change of about 0.3 dB. Therefore, if there is a difference in STL of about 0.2 dB, it is highly possible that a human cannot recognize. Therefore, when the Young's modulus of the outer layer is increased, the STL decreases at a low frequency of about 3500 Hz or less, but the decrease is negligible. On the other hand, the frequency range of about 3500 Hz or more, particularly 5000 Hz or more. It was found that the sound can be effectively insulated.

2. Test B
Laminated glasses according to Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 2 were prepared as follows. The difference between Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 2 is only the Young's modulus of the outer layer.

The outer and inner glass plates were formed from the clear glass described above. The thickness of the outer glass plate was 2.0 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate was 1.3 mm. And the intermediate film was comprised with the core layer and a pair of outer layer which clamps this. The thickness of the intermediate film was 0.76 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, and the thicknesses of both outer layers were 0.33 mm. The Young's modulus of the core layer was adjusted to 9.5 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz). The Young's modulus of the outer layer in Examples 2 to 4 was 882, 1764 and 3528 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz), respectively, and the Young's modulus of the outer layer in Comparative Example 2 was 441 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz). Other test conditions are the same as those in Test A.

Results are as shown in FIG. In this test B, the Young's modulus of the core layer is reduced. As in Test A, when the Young's modulus of the outer layer is increased, the STL in the high frequency range greatly increases, and the sound insulation performance in this frequency range. It can be seen that is greatly improved. In Test B, the Young's modulus of the core layer is halved compared to Test A, and it can be seen that the STL slightly increases in the frequency range of 1000 to 3500 Hz.

Therefore, it was found that increasing the Young's modulus of the outer layer increased the STL in the high frequency range and improved the sound insulation performance. It was also confirmed that the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 1000 to 3500 Hz was improved by lowering the Young's modulus of the core layer.

3. Test C
Below, evaluation regarding the attachment angle of a laminated glass and the thickness of an outer layer was performed. As shown in Tables 6 to 8, laminated glasses according to Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared. However, the thickness of the outer glass plate was 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate was 1.5 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, the thickness of the outer layer was 0.33 mm, and the amount of doubling was 0 mm.

As shown in FIG. 18, when the mounting angle is as large as 45 degrees or more, even if the Young's modulus of the outer layer changes, the STL is generally the same at 2000 to 5000 Hz, but when it exceeds 5000 Hz, the Young's modulus of the outer layer It was found that the larger the value, the better the STL. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 19, this tendency is the same even when the Young's modulus of the core layer is reduced. However, when the Young's modulus of the core layer is reduced, the STL is improved at 2000 to 5000 Hz as compared with FIG. 18, but the STL is decreased when it is higher than 5000 Hz. Therefore, it was found that regardless of the Young's modulus of the core layer, the Young's modulus of the outer layer is high, particularly preferably 560 MPa or more.

As shown in FIG. 20, when the mounting angle is larger than 45 degrees, even if the Young's modulus of the core layer is large, the STL in a high frequency region including 5000 Hz or more is improved as the Young's modulus of the outer layer is large. I understood that. In particular, compared with FIGS. 18 and 19, the effect of increasing the Young's modulus of the outer layer appeared more clearly at 5000 Hz or higher.

4). Test D
Below, evaluation regarding the Young's modulus of a core layer and an outer layer was performed. As shown in Tables 9 to 12, laminated glasses according to Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared. However, the thickness of the outer glass plate is 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.0 mm, the thickness of the core layer is 0.1 mm, the thickness of the outer layer is 0.33 mm, the amount of doubling is 0 mm, and the mounting angle is 0 degree. It was. In the examples and comparative examples according to Table 9 and Table 10, the Young's modulus of the core layer was made constant, and the Young's modulus of the outer layer was changed. The results are as shown in FIG. 21 and FIG. Moreover, in the Example which concerns on Table 11 and Table 12, the Young's modulus of the outer layer was made constant and the Young's modulus of the core layer was changed. The results are as shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, although the STL at 2000 to 5000 Hz improves as the Young's modulus of the core layer decreases, the higher the Young's modulus of the outer layer, the higher the Young's modulus of the outer layer. The tendency for STL to improve at 5000 Hz or higher was confirmed. In particular, even when the Young's modulus of the core layer is low, if the Young's modulus of the outer layer is high, for example, as can be seen by comparing Example 13 and Example 17, the STL at 5000 Hz or higher is improved.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, the tendency for STL to improve in a high frequency region including 5000 Hz or more is the same even when the Young's modulus of the core layer is greatly changed. The Young's modulus of the core layer is 2000 to 5000 Hz. The STL is improved as the value is lower, but the STL is improved as the Young's modulus of the core layer is higher and the Young's modulus of the outer layer is higher at 5000 Hz or higher. Therefore, it was found that regardless of the value of the Young's modulus of the core layer, the STL at 5000 Hz or higher is improved when the Young's modulus of the outer layer is high.

5. Test E
Below, evaluation regarding the thickness of a glass plate was performed. As shown in Table 13 and Table 14, laminated glasses according to Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared. However, the thickness of the outer glass plate is 1.5 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.5 mm, the thickness of the core layer is 0.1 mm, the thickness of the outer layer is 0.33 mm, the amount of doubling is 0 mm, and the mounting angle is 0 degree. It was. The results are as shown in FIG. 25 and FIG.

As shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, it was found that even when the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate have the same thickness, the STL at 5000 Hz or higher improves as the Young's modulus of the outer layer increases. Further, comparing FIG. 25 with FIG. 26, it was found that the STL increases as the Young's modulus of the core layer decreases at 2000 to 5000 Hz, but there is no significant difference at 5000 Hz or higher. Further, for example, comparing FIG. 21 and FIG. 25, when the thickness of the outer glass plate is different from that of the inner glass plate at 2000 to 5000 Hz, the STL is lowered. It was found that the STL was almost the same regardless of the thickness of the plate.

6). Test F
Below, evaluation about the amount of double was performed. As shown in Table 15, the laminated glass which concerns on an Example was prepared. However, the thickness of the outer glass plate was 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate was 1.5 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, the thickness of the outer layer was 0.33 mm, and the mounting angle was 0 degree. The results are as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 27, it was found that the STL was decreased at 4000 Hz or lower as the amount of double was increased.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer glass plate 2 Inner glass plate 3 Intermediate film 31 Core layer 32 Outer layer

Claims

[Correction 11.12.2014 under Rule 91]
An outer glass plate,
An inner glass plate disposed opposite to the outer glass plate;
An intermediate film sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate;
With
The intermediate film is higher in rigidity than the core layer and the core layer, and is arranged at least on the outer glass plate side among the outer glass plate side and the inner glass plate side sandwiching the core layer. An outer layer,
Laminated glass in which at least one Young's modulus of the outer layer is 560 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.
The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the core layer is 25 MPa or less at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.
The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the core layer is 14 MPa or less at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein tan δ of the core layer is 0.8 or less at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least a pair of the outer layers sandwiching the core layer.
The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein the Young's modulus of the outer layer arranged on the outer glass plate side is larger than the Young's modulus of the outer layer arranged on the inner glass plate side.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a thickness of the outer glass plate is different from a thickness of the inner glass plate.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the total thickness of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate is 3.8 mm or less.
Used as a windshield for automobiles,
The laminated glass of Claim 2 whose attachment angle from perpendicular | vertical is 45 degrees or more with respect to the said motor vehicle.