WO2014185073A1 - 金属接合用組成物 - Google Patents
金属接合用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014185073A1 WO2014185073A1 PCT/JP2014/002555 JP2014002555W WO2014185073A1 WO 2014185073 A1 WO2014185073 A1 WO 2014185073A1 JP 2014002555 W JP2014002555 W JP 2014002555W WO 2014185073 A1 WO2014185073 A1 WO 2014185073A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/08—Metallic powder characterised by particles having an amorphous microstructure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal bonding composition containing metal particles, and more specifically to a metal bonding composition that can be suitably used for bonding metal parts at relatively low temperatures and no pressure.
- solder a conductive adhesive, a silver paste, an anisotropic conductive film, and the like are used for mechanically and / or electrically and / or thermally joining a metal part and a metal part.
- These conductive adhesives, silver pastes, anisotropic conductive films, and the like may be used when joining not only metal parts but also ceramic parts and resin parts.
- bonding of light emitting elements such as LEDs to a substrate, bonding of a semiconductor chip to a substrate, bonding of these substrates to a heat dissipation member, and the like can be given.
- adhesives, pastes, and films containing conductive fillers made of solder and metal are used for joining parts that require electrical connection. Furthermore, since metals generally have high thermal conductivity, adhesives, pastes, and films containing these solders and conductive fillers may be used to increase heat dissipation.
- a high-luminance lighting device or a light-emitting device is manufactured using a light-emitting element such as an LED
- a semiconductor device is manufactured using a semiconductor element that operates at a high temperature and is called a power device.
- the amount of heat generation tends to increase. Attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of devices and elements to reduce heat generation. However, at present, sufficient results have not been achieved, and the operating temperature of devices and elements has risen.
- the bonding material for bonding devices and elements is required to have heat resistance that can withstand the increase in operating temperature due to the operation of the device after bonding and maintain sufficient bonding strength as the bonding temperature decreases.
- conventional bonding materials are not sufficient.
- solder joins members through a process of heating the metal to the melting point or higher (reflow process).
- the melting point is inherent to the composition, so heating (joining) when trying to increase the heat-resistant temperature. The temperature will rise.
- solder when several layers of elements and substrates are bonded using solder, it is necessary to go through the heating process for the number of layers to be overlapped. In order to prevent melting of the already bonded portion, the solder used for the next bonding It is necessary to lower the melting point (joining temperature) of the solder, and the number of types of solder composition is required by the number of layers to be overlaid, which makes handling complicated.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-63688 proposes fine particles that can be used as a main material of a bonding material so that higher bonding strength can be obtained when bonded members are bonded to each other. The problem of decomposition and deterioration of the resin component at the time of use temperature rise has not been solved.
- solder containing lead has been conventionally used as a high-temperature solder used at a high operating temperature. Since lead is toxic, the trend toward solder-free solder is remarkable. Since there is no other good alternative material for high-temperature solder, lead solder is still used, but from the viewpoint of environmental problems, a bonding material that does not use lead is eagerly desired.
- the object of the present invention is to obtain a high bonding strength by bonding at a relatively low temperature and no pressure, and to reduce the bonding strength due to decomposition and deterioration of the resin component at the time of use temperature increase.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a metal bonding composition having heat resistance, in particular, a metal bonding composition containing metal particles.
- the present inventor contains two or more kinds of metal particles having different average particle diameters, an organic component, and a dispersant.
- the inventors have found that optimizing the combination of the average particle diameter ratio of metal particles and the like is extremely effective in achieving the above object, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention Two or more kinds of metal particles having different average particle diameters; An organic component, A dispersant, Most average particle size the particle size ratio of the most average particle diameter and the average particle diameter D S of the small metal particles S is the average particle diameter D L of the larger metal particles L (D S / D L) is 1 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ 0.5, A metal bonding composition is provided.
- the particle size ratio (D S / D L ) is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 0.2.
- the average particle size of the metal particles S constituting the metal bonding composition of the present invention is suitably a nanometer size that desirably causes a melting point drop, desirably 1 to 100 nm.
- the organic component adhering to at least a part of the surface of the metal particle S is preferably composed of an alkylamine and a polymer dispersant.
- the alkylamine preferably contains at least one amine having 4 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particles L constituting the metal bonding composition of the present invention is desirably 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the mass loss when the metal particles L are heated from room temperature to 500 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min is less than 1% by mass.
- the metal particles do not contain particles that are thermally decomposed to become metal, and the metal particles are preferably silver-based particles.
- high bonding strength can be obtained by bonding at a relatively low temperature and no pressure, and heat resistance is also provided in which a decrease in bonding strength due to decomposition or deterioration of the resin component at the time of use temperature rise is difficult to occur.
- a metal bonding composition in particular, a metal bonding composition containing metal particles can be provided.
- composition for metal joining is characterized by containing two or more kinds of metal particles having different average particle diameters, an organic component, and a dispersant. These components will be described below.
- the metal particles of the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment are not particularly limited, but the conductivity of the bonding layer obtained using the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment. Therefore, it is preferable to use a (noble) metal having a smaller ionization tendency than zinc.
- the metal examples include at least one of gold, silver, copper, nickel, bismuth, tin, iron, and platinum group elements (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum).
- the metal is preferably particles of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, nickel, bismuth, tin, or platinum group elements, and more preferably has a tendency to ionize than copper or copper.
- Is preferably a small (noble) metal, that is, at least one of gold, platinum, silver and copper.
- These metals may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Methods for using these metals in combination include the use of alloy particles containing a plurality of metals, metals having a core-shell structure or a multilayer structure. Particles may be used.
- the conductivity of the adhesive layer formed using the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment is good, but considering the problem of migration.
- the “other metal” is preferably a metal in which the ionization column is more noble than hydrogen, that is, gold, copper, platinum, or palladium.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particles in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, but the average particle diameter of the metal particles S having the smallest average particle diameter is not limited.
- the diameter D S is preferably 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 1 to 50 nm, which is an average particle diameter that causes a melting point drop. If the average particle diameter of the metal particles S is 1 nm or more, a composition for metal bonding capable of forming a good bonding layer is obtained, and the production of the metal particles is practical without increasing the cost. Moreover, if it is 200 nm or less, the dispersibility of the metal particle S is hard to change with time, and it is preferable.
- the average particle diameter D S of the metal particles S it is particularly preferably 2nm or more within the above range.
- the average particle diameter D S of the metal particles S it is particularly preferably 20nm or less within the above range.
- most average particle size the particle size ratio of the most average particle diameter and the average particle diameter D S of the small metal particles S is the average particle diameter D L of the larger metal particles L (D S / D L) is 1 ⁇ 10 - It is preferably 4 to 0.9.
- the particle size ratio (D S / D L ) of the metal particles in the above range, it is possible to form a dense bonding layer with little shrinkage due to heating. Filling the metal particles S around the metal particles L improves the packing density of the metal particles. Even when only the metal particles S are used, the bonding can be performed at a low temperature, but the volume shrinkage increases with the coarsening of the metal particles S due to the progress of the sintering of the metal particles S, and the joined body cannot follow the volume shrinkage. As a result, voids are formed in the bonding layer, and the high-temperature reliability and the like of the bonding portion are reduced.
- the particle size ratio (D S / D L ) is particularly preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more within the above-described range.
- the particle size ratio (D S / D L ) is particularly preferably 0.2 or less within the above-mentioned range.
- sintering does not proceed at a low temperature such as less than 300 ° C., and good bonding cannot be achieved.
- a low temperature such as less than 300 ° C.
- good bonding cannot be achieved.
- voids between the metal particles L inevitably remain. That is, when only one of the metal particles S or the metal particles L is used, anyway, voids are formed in the bonding layer and the density is reduced.
- sintering can be completed at a relatively low temperature without causing a large volume shrinkage. Even if it exists, a precise
- the average particle size of the metal particles L is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
- the mass ratio (M S / M L ) between the mass M S of the metal particles S and the mass M L of the metal particles L contained in the metal bonding composition is 3/7 to 7/3. It is preferably 4/6 to 6/4.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particles in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method, a small angle X-ray scattering method, a wide angle X-ray diffraction method, or the like.
- the crystallite diameter determined by the wide-angle X-ray diffraction method is appropriate.
- RINT-UltimaIII manufactured by Rigaku Corporation can be used to measure 2 ⁇ in the range of 30 to 80 ° by the diffraction method.
- the sample may be measured by extending it thinly so that the surface becomes flat on a glass plate having a recess of about 0.1 to 1 mm in depth at the center.
- D crystallite diameter
- the metal particles in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment do not include particles that are thermally decomposed to become metal.
- particles such as silver oxide and silver carbonate that are thermally decomposed to become metal are included, when the particles decompose, gas such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and metal particles are generated.
- Volume shrinkage increases. Since the volume shrinkage makes it difficult to bond without pressure, it is preferable not to use particles that are thermally decomposed to become metal as metal particles in the metal bonding composition.
- the organic component adhering to at least a part of the surface of the metal particle S is:
- the metal colloidal particles are substantially constituted together with the metal particles.
- the organic components include trace organic substances contained in the metal as impurities from the beginning, trace organic substances adhering to the metal components mixed in the manufacturing process described later, residual reducing agents that could not be removed in the cleaning process, residual dispersants, etc. As described above, it is a concept that does not include organic substances or the like adhered to a metal particle in a small amount.
- the “trace amount” is specifically intended to be less than 1% by mass in the metal colloid particles.
- the organic component is an organic substance that can coat the metal particles S to prevent aggregation of the metal particles S and form metal colloid particles, and is preferably composed of an alkylamine and a polymer dispersant. .
- the form of the coating is not particularly defined, but in the present embodiment, from the viewpoints of dispersibility and conductivity, it is preferable to include an unsaturated hydrocarbon and an amine having 4 to 7 carbon atoms.
- organic components when these organic components are chemically or physically bonded to the metal particles, it is considered that the organic components are changed to anions and cations. In this embodiment, ions derived from these organic components are used. And organic complexes are also included in the organic components.
- the amine having 4 to 7 carbon atoms may be linear or branched as long as it has 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and may have a side chain.
- alkylamines such as butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine and hexylamine (which may have a linear alkylamine or a side chain), cycloalkylamines such as cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine, and allylamines such as aniline
- secondary amines such as primary amines such as dipropylamine, dibutylamine, piperidine and hexamethyleneimine, and tertiary amines such as tripropylamine, dimethylpropanediamine, cyclohexyldimethylamine, pyridine and quinoline. It is done.
- the amine having 4 to 7 carbon atoms may be a compound containing a functional group other than an amine such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group, an ester group, or a mercapto group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the functional group is not included in the number of carbon atoms of the “amine having 4 to 7 carbon atoms”.
- it is preferable that the number of nitrogen atoms derived from amine is equal to or greater than the number of functional groups other than amine.
- the said amine may be used independently, respectively and may use 2 or more types together.
- the boiling point at normal temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably 250 ° C. or lower.
- the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment may contain a carboxylic acid in addition to the amine having 4 to 7 carbon atoms as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the carboxyl group in one molecule of the carboxylic acid has a relatively high polarity and tends to cause an interaction due to a hydrogen bond, but a portion other than these functional groups has a relatively low polarity. Furthermore, the carboxyl group tends to exhibit acidic properties. Further, when the carboxylic acid is localized (attached) to at least a part of the surface of the metal particle S in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment (that is, covers at least a part of the surface of the metal particle S). ), The organic component and the metal particles S can be made sufficiently compatible to prevent aggregation of the metal particles S (improve dispersibility).
- carboxylic acid compounds having at least one carboxyl group can be widely used, and examples thereof include formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, acrylic acid, octylic acid, and oleic acid.
- a part of carboxyl groups of the carboxylic acid may form a salt with a metal ion.
- 2 or more types of metal ions may be contained.
- the carboxylic acid may be a compound containing a functional group other than a carboxyl group, such as an amino group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group, an ester group, or a mercapto group.
- the number of carboxyl groups is preferably equal to or greater than the number of functional groups other than carboxyl groups.
- the said carboxylic acid may be used independently, respectively and may use 2 or more types together.
- the boiling point at normal temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably 250 ° C. or lower.
- amines and carboxylic acids form amides. Since the amide group is also adsorbed moderately on the surface of the silver particle, the organic component may contain an amide group.
- polymer dispersant a commercially available polymer dispersant can be used.
- examples of the commercially available polymer dispersant include, for example, Solsperse 11200, Solsperse 13940, Solsperse 16000, Solsperse 17000, Solsperse 18000, Solsperse 20000, Solsperse 24000, Solsperse 26000, Solsperse 27000, Solsperse.
- Dispersic 28000 (manufactured by Nihon Lubrizol Co., Ltd.); Dispersic (DISPERBYK) 142; Dispersic 160, Dispersic 161, Dispersic 162, Dispersic 163, Dispersic 166, Dispersic 170, Dispersic 180, Dispersic 182, Dispersic 184, Dispersic 190, Dispersic 2155 EFKA-46, EFKA-47, EFKA-48, EFKA-49 (manufactured by EFKA Chemical); polymer 100, polymer 120, polymer 150, polymer 400, polymer 401, polymer 402, polymer 403, polymer 450, polymer 451, polymer 452, polymer 453 (manufactured by EFKA Chemical); Ajisper PB711, Ajisper PA111, Ajisper PB811, Ajisper PW911 (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co.); Florene DOPA-15B, Florene DOPA-22, Florene DO
- Solsperse 11200 From the viewpoints of low-temperature sinterability and dispersion stability, it is preferable to use Solsperse 11200, Solsperse 13940, Solsperse 16000, Solsperse 17000, Solsperse 18000, Solsperse 28000, Dispersic 142 or Dispersic 2155.
- the content of the polymer dispersant is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass. If the content of the polymer dispersant is 0.1% or more, the dispersion stability of the resulting bonding composition is improved. However, if the content is too large, the bonding property is lowered. From such a viewpoint, the more preferable content of the polymer dispersant is 0.2 to 5% by mass, and still more preferable content is 0.3 to 4% by mass.
- the content of the organic component in the metal colloid in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment is preferably 0.5 to 50% by mass. If the organic component content is 0.5% by mass or more, the storage stability of the resulting metal bonding composition tends to be improved, and if it is 50% by mass or less, the conductivity of the metal bonding composition is high. There is a good tendency.
- a more preferable content of the organic component is 1 to 30% by mass, and a more preferable content is 2 to 15% by mass.
- composition ratio (mass) when the amine and carboxylic acid are used in combination can be arbitrarily selected within the range of 1/99 to 99/1, preferably 20/80 to 98/2, The ratio is preferably 30/70 to 97/3.
- amine or carboxylic acid a plurality of types of amines or carboxylic acids may be used.
- Examples of the unsaturated hydrocarbon contained in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment include ethylene, acetylene, benzene, acetone, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, cyclohexanone, terpene alcohol, and allyl alcohol.
- unsaturated hydrocarbons having a hydroxyl group are preferred.
- the hydroxyl group is easily coordinated on the surface of the metal particle S, and aggregation of the metal particle S can be suppressed.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon having a hydroxyl group include terpene alcohol, allyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, thianic acid, ricinoleic acid, gallic acid, and salicylic acid.
- it is an unsaturated fatty acid having a hydroxyl group, and examples thereof include thianic acid, ricinoleic acid, gallic acid and salicylic acid.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon is preferably ricinoleic acid.
- Ricinoleic acid has a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group and is adsorbed on the surface of the metal particle S to uniformly disperse the metal particle S and promote fusion of the metal particle S.
- the composition for metal bonding according to the present embodiment has functions such as appropriate viscosity, adhesion, drying properties, and printability according to the purpose of use within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a dispersion medium for example, an oligomer component that serves as a binder, a resin component, an organic solvent (a part of the solid content may be dissolved or dispersed), a surfactant, a thickener, or a surface
- a tension regulator such as a tension regulator.
- Such optional components are not particularly limited.
- dispersion medium of the optional components various types can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and examples thereof include hydrocarbons and alcohols.
- hydrocarbon examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, and alicyclic hydrocarbons, which may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon examples include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, octadecane, heptamethylnonane, tetramethylpentadecane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, tridecane, methylpentane, normal paraffin, and isoparaffin. Is mentioned.
- cyclic hydrocarbons examples include toluene and xylene.
- examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon include limonene, dipentene, terpinene, terpinene (also referred to as terpinene), nesol, sinene, orange flavor, terpinolene, terpinolene (also referred to as terpinolene), ferrandylene, mentadiene, teleben, Dihydrocymene, moslene, isoterpinene, isoterpinene (also referred to as isoterpinene), clitomen, kautssin, cajeptene, oilimene, pinene, turpentine, menthane, pinane, terpene, cyclohexane and the like can be mentioned.
- Alcohol is a compound containing one or more OH groups in the molecular structure, and examples thereof include aliphatic alcohols, cyclic alcohols and alicyclic alcohols, and each may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Also good. Moreover, a part of OH group may be induced
- aliphatic alcohol examples include heptanol, octanol (1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, etc.), decanol (1-decanol, etc.), lauryl alcohol, tetradecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1- Examples thereof include saturated or unsaturated C 6-30 aliphatic alcohols such as hexanol, octadecyl alcohol, hexadecenol and oleyl alcohol.
- cyclic alcohols examples include cresol and eugenol.
- alicyclic alcohol for example, cycloalkanol such as cyclohexanol, terpineol (including ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ isomers, or any mixture thereof), terpene alcohol such as dihydroterpineol (monoterpene alcohol etc. ), Dihydroterpineol, myrtenol, sobrerol, menthol, carveol, perillyl alcohol, pinocarveol, sobrerol, berbenol and the like.
- cycloalkanol such as cyclohexanol, terpineol (including ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ isomers, or any mixture thereof)
- terpene alcohol such as dihydroterpineol (monoterpene alcohol etc. ), Dihydroterpineol, myrtenol, sobrerol, menthol, carveol, perillyl alcohol, pinocarveol, sobrerol, berbenol and the
- the content when the dispersion medium is contained in the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment may be adjusted according to desired properties such as viscosity, and the content of the dispersion medium in the bonding composition is 1 to 30. It is preferable that it is mass%. When the content of the dispersion medium is 1 to 30% by mass, the effect of adjusting the viscosity can be obtained within a range that is easy to use as a bonding composition. A more preferable content of the dispersion medium is 1 to 20% by mass, and a more preferable content is 1 to 15% by mass.
- the resin component examples include polyester resins, polyurethane resins such as blocked isocyanate, polyacrylate resins, polyacrylamide resins, polyether resins, melamine resins, and terpene resins. May be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvent other than those mentioned as the above dispersion medium examples include, for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, , 4-butanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, weight average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 1,000 Polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 300 to 1,000, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N- dimethylacetamide, glycerin, or acetone and the like may be used each of which alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickener examples include clay minerals such as clay, bentonite or hectorite, for example, emulsions such as polyester emulsion resins, acrylic emulsion resins, polyurethane emulsion resins or blocked isocyanates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. , Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polysaccharides such as xanthan gum and guar gum, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- clay minerals such as clay, bentonite or hectorite
- emulsions such as polyester emulsion resins, acrylic emulsion resins, polyurethane emulsion resins or blocked isocyanates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
- Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polysacc
- a surfactant different from the above organic components may be added.
- roughness of the coating surface and uneven solid content are likely to occur due to differences in volatilization rate during drying.
- the surfactant that can be used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and any of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant can be used, for example, an alkylbenzene sulfonate. A quaternary ammonium salt etc. are mentioned. Since the effect can be obtained with a small addition amount, a fluorosurfactant is preferable.
- the method of adjusting the amount of organic components in a predetermined range will be described later, it is easy to adjust by performing heating. Moreover, you may carry out by adjusting the quantity of the organic component added when producing the metal particle S, and you may change the washing
- the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment includes, as a main component, metal colloid particles in which metal particles S described later are colloided.
- metal colloid particles for example, one of the surfaces of the metal particles. Colloidal particles composed of organic components adhering to the part, metallic colloidal particles composed of the metallic particles S as a core, the surface of which is coated with organic components, and a mixture of them Although metal colloid particles etc. are mentioned, it is not specifically limited. Among these, metal colloidal particles having a metal particle S as a core and a surface coated with an organic component are preferable. A person skilled in the art can appropriately prepare the metal colloid particles having the above-described form using a well-known technique in this field.
- the composition for metal bonding of this embodiment is a fluid mainly composed of colloidal particles composed of metal particles S and organic components and metal particles L.
- organic materials that do not constitute metal colloidal particles.
- a component, a dispersion medium, a residual reducing agent, or the like may be included.
- the viscosity of the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment may be adjusted as appropriate so that the solid content concentration does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the viscosity may be in the range of 0.01 to 5000 Pa ⁇ S, A viscosity range of 0.1 to 1000 Pa ⁇ S is more preferable, and a viscosity range of 1 to 100 Pa ⁇ S is particularly preferable.
- a wide method is applicable as a method of apply
- Examples of the method for applying the metal bonding composition on the substrate include dipping, screen printing, spray method, bar coating method, spin coating method, ink jet method, dispenser method, pin transfer method, brush applying method, flow method, and the like.
- the method can be appropriately selected and employed from the drawing method, flexo method, gravure method, offset method, transfer method, hydrophilic / hydrophobic pattern method, syringe method, and the like.
- Viscosity is adjusted by adjusting the particle size of the metal particles S and metal particles L, adjusting the content of organic matter, adjusting the amount of dispersion medium and other components added, adjusting the blending ratio of each component, adding a thickener, etc. Can be done by.
- the viscosity of the metal bonding composition can be measured, for example, with a cone plate viscometer (for example, Rheometer MCR301 manufactured by Anton Paar).
- the total content of metal particles in the metal bonding composition is preferably 80 to 98% by mass, particularly preferably 85 to 95% by mass.
- the heat loss due to the organic component and inorganic component adhering to the surface of the metal particle L is less than 1% by mass. More specifically, it is preferable that the mass reduction when the metal particles L are heated in a nitrogen atmosphere from room temperature to 500 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min is less than 1% by mass. By setting the loss on heating to less than 1% by mass, the component for protecting the surface of the metal particles L is reduced, and the metal particles S are easily sintered and fused to the metal particles L.
- organic components such as lubricants, dispersants, and rust preventive agents are usually attached to the surface of metal particles, and a part of the surface is often oxidized or sulfided.
- noble metals are relatively difficult to oxidize, it is difficult to completely suppress oxidation. For example, even in the case of silver, a part of the surface is oxidized or sulfided (adhesion of inorganic components).
- the organic component and inorganic component are not preferable because they cause a decrease in bonding strength.
- the organic and inorganic components adhering to the surface of the metal particles L By reducing the heat loss of the metal particles L to less than 1% and reducing the organic and inorganic components adhering to the surface of the metal particles L, the organic and inorganic components remaining in the bonding layer after the bonding process are reduced. The high temperature reliability of the joint can be improved.
- the metal particles L can be obtained, for example, by mixing a metal ion source and a dispersant and using a reduction method. In this case, the amount of the organic component can be controlled by optimizing the amount of dispersing agent and reducing agent to be added. Further, as the metal particles L, commercially available metal powder of micrometer or submicrometer size may be used.
- the shape of the metal particle L is not particularly limited, and any of a spherical shape, a granular shape, a scale shape, a flake shape, an irregular shape, and the like may be used.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particles L can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method, a small-angle X-ray scattering method, a wide-angle X-ray diffraction, or the like, as in the case of the metal particles S.
- the particle size is 50 nm or more, accurate measurement is difficult with the small-angle X-ray scattering method, so it is preferable to use the dynamic light scattering method or the like.
- RINT-UtimaIII manufactured by Rigaku Corporation can be used for the small-angle X-ray scattering method.
- dynamic light scattering particle size distribution measurement manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. can be used for the dynamic light scattering method.
- Apparatus LB-550 can be used.
- As another method for measuring the average particle diameter there is a method of calculating an arithmetic average value of the particle diameters of about 50 to 100 particles from a photograph taken using a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope. Can be mentioned.
- the method for adjusting the amount of organic component and the weight reduction rate is not particularly limited, but it is easy to adjust by heating. Moreover, you may carry out by adjusting the quantity of the organic component added when producing the metal particle S, and you may change the washing
- the method for preparing the metal particles S coated with the organic component of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a method of preparing a dispersion containing the metal particles S and then washing the dispersion can be mentioned.
- a process for preparing the dispersion liquid containing the metal particles S for example, a metal salt (or metal ion) dissolved in a solvent may be reduced as described below. A procedure based on this may be adopted.
- the metal particle S coated with the organic component as described above is, for example, a metal salt of the metal constituting the metal particle S, an organic substance as a dispersant, and a solvent (basically an organic system such as toluene. However, it may contain water.) And a raw material liquid containing a component (a part of the components may not be dissolved but may be dispersed).
- metal colloid particles in which an organic component as a dispersant is attached to at least a part of the surface of the metal particles S are obtained.
- the metal colloid particles can be used alone as a metal bonding composition, but when mixed with the metal particles L, the metal colloid particles can be more suitably used as a metal bonding composition.
- various known metal salts or hydrates thereof can be used.
- the method for reducing these metal salts in the raw material liquid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a reducing agent, a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays, electron beams, ultrasonic waves, or thermal energy.
- a method using a reducing agent is preferable from the viewpoint of easy operation.
- Examples of the reducing agent include amine compounds such as dimethylaminoethanol, methyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, phenidone, and hydrazine; for example, hydrogen compounds such as sodium borohydride, hydrogen iodide, and hydrogen gas; for example, carbon monoxide.
- amine compounds such as dimethylaminoethanol, methyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, phenidone, and hydrazine
- hydrogen compounds such as sodium borohydride, hydrogen iodide, and hydrogen gas
- carbon monoxide for example, carbon monoxide.
- Oxides such as sulfurous acid; for example, ferrous sulfate, iron oxide, iron fumarate, iron lactate, iron oxalate, iron sulfide, tin acetate, tin chloride, tin diphosphate, tin oxalate, tin oxide, sulfuric acid
- Low valent metal salts such as tin; for example, sugars such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, formaldehyde, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, tannin, tannic acid, salicylic acid, D-glucose, etc.
- sugars such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, formaldehyde, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, tannin, tannic acid, salicylic acid, D-glucose, etc.
- light and / or heat may be added to promote the reduction reaction.
- the organic component, the solvent, and the reducing agent for example, the metal salt is dissolved in an organic solvent (for example, toluene) to form a metal.
- an organic solvent for example, toluene
- Examples include a method of preparing a salt solution, adding an organic substance as a dispersant to the metal salt solution, and then gradually dropping a solution in which the reducing agent is dissolved.
- the dispersion containing the metal particles S coated with the organic component as the dispersant obtained as described above contains a counter ion of the metal salt, a reducing agent residue and a dispersant. It exists, and the electrolyte concentration of the whole liquid tends to be high. Since the liquid in such a state has high electrical conductivity, the metal particles S are likely to coagulate and precipitate easily. Alternatively, even if precipitation does not occur, the conductivity of the metal salt may deteriorate if the counter ion of the metal salt, the residue of the reducing agent, or an excessive amount of dispersant remaining in the amount necessary for dispersion remains. Therefore, by washing the solution containing the metal particles S to remove excess residues, the metal particles S coated with an organic substance can be reliably obtained.
- washing method for example, a dispersion liquid containing metal particles S coated with an organic component is allowed to stand for a certain period of time, and the resulting supernatant liquid is removed, and then alcohol (methanol or the like) is added and stirred again.
- alcohol methanol or the like
- a method of repeatedly removing the supernatant liquid generated after standing for a certain period of time a method of performing centrifugation instead of the above standing, a method of desalting with an ultrafiltration device or an ion exchange device, etc.can be mentioned.
- the metal particles S coated with the organic component of the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the metal colloid dispersion is obtained by mixing the metal particles S coated with the organic component obtained above and the dispersion medium described in the present embodiment.
- the mixing method of the metal particles S coated with the organic component and the dispersion medium is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventionally known method using a stirrer or a stirrer.
- An ultrasonic homogenizer with an appropriate output may be applied by stirring with a spatula or the like.
- the production method is not particularly limited.
- the metal colloid dispersion liquid composed of silver and other metals
- the metal colloid dispersion liquid is coated with the above organic substance.
- the dispersion containing the metal particles S and the dispersion containing the other metal particles S may be manufactured separately and then mixed, and the silver ion solution and the other metal ion solution May be mixed and then reduced.
- the metal particles L can be obtained, for example, by mixing a metal ion source and a dispersant and using a reduction method. In this case, the amount of the organic component can be controlled by optimizing the amount of dispersing agent and reducing agent to be added. Further, as the metal particles L, commercially available metal powder of micrometer or submicrometer size may be used.
- the organic component and the amount thereof contained in the metal bonding composition can be confirmed, for example, by measurement using TG-DTA / GC-MS manufactured by Rigaku Corporation.
- the measurement conditions may be adjusted as appropriate.
- a TG-DTA / GC-MS measurement is performed when a 10 mg sample is held in the atmosphere from room temperature to 550 ° C. (temperature increase rate: 10 ° C./min). Just do it.
- the metal bonding composition is diluted with the organic component (solvent) specified by the TG-DTA / GC-MS measurement and centrifuged (for example, at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes) to obtain the metal bonding composition. Large metal particles and small metal particles contained can be separated.
- the separated metal particles are washed with methanol and precipitated again by centrifugation (for example, at 3300 rpm for 2 minutes), the supernatant is removed, and the solid particles can be obtained by drying under reduced pressure.
- TG-DTA / GC-MS for each particle solid content obtained, it is possible to identify the organic component adhering to the surface of the metal particles and the amount thereof.
- the inventor uses the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment described above as the metal bonding composition in the metal bonding composition application step, so that the first member to be bonded is used. And the second member to be joined can be more reliably joined with high joining strength (a joined body is obtained).
- “application” of the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment is a concept including both cases where the metal bonding composition is applied in a planar shape and applied (drawn) in a linear shape.
- the shape of the coating film made of the composition for metal bonding before being applied and fired by heating can be made into a desired shape. Therefore, in the joined body of the present embodiment after firing by heating, the metal joining composition is a concept including both a planar joining layer and a linear joining layer, and these planar joining layer and linear
- the bonding layer may be continuous or discontinuous, and may include a continuous portion and a discontinuous portion.
- the first member to be joined and the second member to be joined that can be used in the present embodiment may be any member that can be applied by applying a metal joining composition and firing it by heating to join. Although there is no restriction
- Examples of the material constituting such a member to be joined include polyamide (PA), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
- Examples thereof include polyester, polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), vinyl resin, fluororesin, liquid crystal polymer, ceramics, glass, metal and the like, and among them, a metal joined member is preferable.
- the metal bonded member is preferable because it is excellent in heat resistance and has excellent affinity with the metal bonding composition of the present invention in which the inorganic particles are metal.
- the member to be joined may have various shapes such as a plate shape or a strip shape, and may be rigid or flexible.
- the thickness of the substrate can also be selected as appropriate.
- a member on which a surface layer is formed or a member subjected to a surface treatment such as a hydrophilic treatment may be used.
- various methods can be used. As described above, for example, dipping, screen printing, spraying, bar coating, spin coating, The ink jet method, the dispenser method, the pin transfer method, the brush application method, the casting method, the flexo method, the gravure method, the syringe method, and the like can be appropriately selected and used.
- the coated film after coating as described above is baked by heating to a temperature of 300 ° C. or less, for example, within a range that does not damage the member to be bonded, and the bonded body of this embodiment can be obtained.
- a bonding layer having excellent adhesion to a member to be bonded is obtained, and strong bonding strength is more reliable. Is obtained.
- the binder component when the metal bonding composition includes a binder component, the binder component is also sintered from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the bonding layer and the bonding strength between the bonded members.
- the binder component is mainly used to adjust the viscosity of the bonding composition for application to various printing methods, and the binder condition may be controlled to remove all of the binder component.
- the method for performing the baking is not particularly limited.
- the temperature of the metal bonding composition applied or drawn on the bonded member using a conventionally known oven or the like is, for example, 300 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the firing temperature is not necessarily limited, and is preferably a temperature at which the members to be joined can be joined and does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the residual amount of the organic matter is small in terms of obtaining as high a bonding strength as possible, but a part of the organic matter remains within the range not impairing the effect of the present invention. It does not matter.
- the metal bonding composition of the present invention contains an organic substance, but unlike the conventional one using thermosetting such as an epoxy resin, the bonding strength after firing is not obtained by the action of the organic substance. In addition, sufficient bonding strength can be obtained by fusing the metal particles S fused as described above. For this reason, even after bonding, even if the remaining organic matter is deteriorated or decomposed / dissipated in a use environment higher than the bonding temperature, there is no risk of the bonding strength being lowered, and therefore the heat resistance is excellent. Yes.
- the metal bonding composition of the present embodiment since it is possible to realize a bonding having a bonding layer that exhibits high conductivity even by firing at a low temperature of about 150 to 200 ° C., for example, a relatively heat-resistant coating is achieved.
- the joining members can be joined together.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, and may be any firing time that can be bonded according to the firing temperature.
- the surface of the member to be bonded may be subjected to a surface treatment.
- the surface treatment method include a method of performing dry treatment such as corona treatment, plasma treatment, UV treatment, and electron beam treatment, and a method of previously providing a primer layer and a conductive paste receiving layer on a substrate.
- the inorganic metal colloid dispersion liquid using metal particles has been described.
- Inorganic particles such as barium and iron lithium phosphate can also be used.
- Example 1 200 ml of toluene (first grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 15 g of hexylamine (first grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were mixed and sufficiently stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Furthermore, 10 g of silver nitrate (special grade reagent manufactured by Toyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added while stirring, and after silver nitrate was dissolved, 10 g of Solsperse 11200, which is a polymer dispersant, was added.
- the following treatment was performed to remove impurities such as organic components and inorganic components adhering to silver particles (average particle size 0.2 ⁇ m (D L )) manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. 10 g of silver particles were weighed, and 0.1 ml of 35% nitric acid was added to 50 ml of an aqueous solution made up to 100 ml with ion-exchanged water. After sonication, silver particles were precipitated by centrifugation, and the supernatant was removed. Furthermore, it poured into 50 ml of methanol. After the ultrasonic treatment, silver particles were settled by centrifugation and the supernatant was removed.
- the silver particles 1 were heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, and the contents of organic components and inorganic components were specified as the weight loss from room temperature to 500 ° C. As a result, the loss on heating was 0.85 wt%.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the heat loss of the silver particle (silver particle 2) which is not processed was 1.15 wt%.
- Example 2 >> 0.40 g of Solsperse 16000 which is a polymer dispersant, 2.0 g of hexylamine (special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and 0 g of dodecylamine (first grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) .40 g was mixed and stirred thoroughly with a magnetic stirrer. Further, 6.0 g of silver oxalate was added while stirring to increase the viscosity. The obtained viscous substance was placed in a thermostatic bath at 100 ° C. and allowed to react for about 15 minutes.
- Example 3 Similar to Example 1, except that silver particles 3 having an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m obtained by treatment for removing impurities such as organic components and inorganic components were used instead of silver particles 1 as in Example 1. Thus, a silver particle composition 3 for bonding was obtained. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Similar to Example 2, except that silver particles 3 having an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m obtained by treatment for removing impurities such as organic components and inorganic components were used instead of silver particles 1 as in Example 1. Thus, a joining silver particle composition 4 was obtained. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 except that silver colloid dispersion liquid 1 was not added and silver particles 2 (no treatment for removing impurities such as organic and inorganic components) were used instead of silver particles 1 Similarly, a silver particle composition 2 for comparative bonding was obtained. Moreover, the joint strength measurement and the linear expansion coefficient measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- Comparative Example 3 Stearic acid was added in place of Solsperse 11200 to make the average particle size of the silver fine particles 1 nm, and instead of silver particles (average particle size 0.2 ⁇ m) manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Industry
- a comparative bonding silver particle composition 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silver-made particles (average particle diameter: 13 ⁇ m) were used. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A joining silver particle composition 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silver fine particles 2 obtained in Example 2 were used instead of the silver particles 1. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 A silver particle composition for bonding 6 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silver particles 2 (no treatment for removing impurities such as organic components and inorganic components) was used instead of silver particles 1. Got. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 A silver particle composition for bonding 7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that stearic acid was added in place of Solsperse 11200 to make the average particle diameter of the silver fine particles 1 nm. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 4 A silver particle composition 4 for comparative bonding was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silver particles 1 were not added. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 5 A comparative bonding silver particle composition 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silver colloid dispersion liquid 1 was not added. Further, the bonding strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
平均粒径の異なる2種以上の金属粒子と、
有機成分と、
分散剤と、を含有し、
最も平均粒径が小さな金属粒子Sの平均粒径DSと最も平均粒径が大きな金属粒子Lの平均粒径DLとの粒径比(DS/DL)が1×10-4~0.5であること、
を特徴とする金属接合用組成物を提供する。
本実施形態の金属接合用組成物は、平均粒径の異なる2種以上の金属粒子と、有機成分と、 分散剤と、を含有することを特徴とする。以下においてこれら各成分について説明する。
本実施形態の金属接合用組成物の金属粒子としては、特に限定されるものではないが、本実施形態の金属接合用組成物を用いて得られる接合層の導電性を良好にすることができるため、亜鉛よりもイオン化傾向が小さい(貴な)金属であるのが好ましい。
D=Kλ/Bcosθ
ここで、K:シェラー定数(0.9)、λ:X線の波長、B:回折線の半値幅、θ:ブラッグ角である。
本実施形態の金属接合用組成物において、金属粒子Sの表面の少なくとも一部に付着している有機成分は、いわゆる分散剤として金属粒子とともに実質的に金属コロイド粒子を構成する。当該有機成分には、金属中に最初から不純物として含まれる微量有機物、後述する製造過程で混入して金属成分に付着した微量有機物、洗浄過程で除去しきれなかった残留還元剤、残留分散剤等のように、金属粒子に微量付着した有機物等は含まれない概念である。なお、上記「微量」とは、具体的には、金属コロイド粒子中1質量%未満が意図される。
本実施形態の接合用組成物において、金属粒子Lの表面には上述の金属粒子Sの表面に付着する有機成分と同様の有機成分が付着していてもよい。
本実施形態の金属接合用組成物を製造するためには、主成分としての、有機成分で被覆された金属粒子S及び金属粒子Lを調製する必要がある。
本実施形態の金属接合用組成物を用いれば、加熱を伴う部材同士の接合において高い接合強度を得ることができる。即ち、上記金属接合用組成物を第1の被接合部材と第2の被接合部材との間に塗布する接合用組成物塗布工程と、第1の被接合部材と第2の被接合部材との間に塗布した接合用組成物を、所望の温度(例えば300℃以下、好ましくは150~200℃)で焼成して接合する接合工程と、により、第1の被接合部材と第2の被接合部材とを接合することができる。この際、加圧することもできるが、特に加圧しなくとも十分な接合強度を得ることができるのも本発明の利点のひとつである。また、焼成を行う際、段階的に温度を上げたり下げたりすることもできる。また、予め被接合部材表面に界面活性剤又は表面活性化剤等を塗布しておくことも可能である。
トルエン(和光純薬工業(株)製の試薬一級)200mlとヘキシルアミン(和光純薬工業(株)製の試薬一級)15gとを混合し、マグネティックスターラーで十分に撹拌した。更に、撹拌を行いながら硝酸銀(東洋化学工業(株)製の試薬特級)10gを添加し、硝酸銀が溶解した後、高分子分散剤であるソルスパース11200を10g添加した。ここに、イオン交換水50mlに水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(和光純薬工業(株)製)1gを添加して調製した0.02g/mlの水素化ホウ素ナトリウム水溶液を滴下し、銀微粒子を含む液を得た。
上記接合用銀粒子組成物1をダイボンダー(ハイソル社製)を用いて銅板(10mm角)に少量載せ、その上に、金メッキを施した銅板(底面積2mm×2mm)を積層した。その後、得られた積層体を、室温の真空雰囲気オーブンに入れ、大気雰囲気下から窒素雰囲気に置換した。窒素雰囲気で室温から100℃まで10℃/minにて昇温し60分保持した後に、300℃まで10℃/minにて昇温し、300℃に達してから30分間保持し、焼成処理を行った。焼成処理の際、外力を加えて加圧することはしなかった。
接合用組成物の分散媒を添加せずに、銀粒子1と銀微粒子1と有機成分とを含む固形分を固めることで、測定用のペレット(長さ5mm)を作成した。ペレットをTMA(リガク社製)にて窒素雰囲気で10℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、室温~900℃の線膨張率を測定した。当該測定結果を図4に示した。
高分子分散剤であるソルスパース16000を0.40g、ヘキシルアミン(和光純薬工業(株)製の試薬特級)を2.0g、ドデシルアミン(和光純薬工業(株)製の試薬一級)を0.40g混合し、マグネティックススターラーで十分に撹拌した。更に、撹拌を行いながらシュウ酸銀6.0gを添加し、増粘させた。得られた粘性物質を100℃の恒温槽に入れ、約15分間反応させた。懸濁液の分散媒を置換するため、メタノール10mlを加えて撹拌後、遠心分離により銀微粒子を沈殿させて分離し、分離した銀微粒子に対し、再度メタノール10mlを加え、撹拌、遠心分離を行うことで銀微粒子2を沈殿させ分離した。
実施例1と同様に有機成分や無機成分などの不純物を取り除くための処理をして得られた平均粒径3μmの銀粒子3を銀粒子1の代わりに用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接合用銀粒子組成物3を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表1に示した。
実施例1と同様に有機成分や無機成分などの不純物を取り除くための処理をして得られた平均粒径3μmの銀粒子3を銀粒子1の代わりに用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして、接合用銀粒子組成物4を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表1に示した。
ソルスパース11200の代わりにステアリン酸を添加して銀微粒子の平均粒径を1nmにしたことと、銀粒子1を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較接合用銀粒子組成物1を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定及び線膨張率測定を行い、当該結果を表1及び図4にそれぞれ示した。
銀コロイド分散液1を添加しなかったことと銀粒子1の代わりに銀粒子2(有機成分や無機成分などの不純物を取り除くための処理を施していない)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較接合用銀粒子組成物2を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定及び線膨張率測定を行い、当該結果を表1及び図4にそれぞれ示した。
ソルスパース11200の代わりにステアリン酸を添加して銀微粒子の平均粒径を1nmにしたことと、三井金属鉱業(株)製の銀粒子(平均粒径0.2μm)の代わりに福田金属箔粉工業製銀粒子(平均粒径13μm、)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較接合用銀粒子組成物3を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表1に示した。
実施例2で得られた銀微粒子2を銀粒子1の代わりに用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接合用銀粒子組成物5を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表2に示した。
銀粒子1の代わりに銀粒子2(有機成分や無機成分などの不純物を取り除くための処理を施していない)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接合用銀粒子組成物6を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表2に示した。
ソルスパース11200の代わりにステアリン酸を添加して銀微粒子の平均粒径を1nmにしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接合用銀粒子組成物7を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表2に示した。
銀粒子1を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較接合用銀粒子組成物4を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表2に示した。
銀コロイド分散液1を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較接合用銀粒子組成物5を得た。また、実施例1と同様に接合強度測定を行い、当該結果を表2に示した。
Claims (9)
- 平均粒径の異なる2種以上の金属粒子と、
有機成分と、
分散剤と、を含有し、
最も平均粒径が小さな金属粒子Sの平均粒径DSと最も平均粒径が大きな金属粒子Lの平均粒径DLとの粒径比(DS/DL)が1×10-4~0.5であること、
を特徴とする金属接合用組成物。 - 前記粒径比(DS/DL)が1×10-3~0.2であること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記平均粒径DSが1~50nmであり、前記平均粒径DLが0.1μm~10μmであること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記金属接合用組成物に含有される前記金属粒子Sの質量MSと、前記金属粒子Lの質量MLの質量比(MS/ML)が3/7~7/3であること、
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうちのいずれかに記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記金属粒子Sの表面の少なくとも一部に付着している前記有機成分がアルキルアミンと高分子分散剤で構成されること、
を特徴とする請求項1~4のうちのいずれかに記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記アルキルアミンが炭素数4~7のアミンを少なくとも1種類含有すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~5のうちのいずれかに記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記金属粒子Lを窒素雰囲気で室温から500℃まで昇温速度10℃/分で加熱したときの質量減少が1質量%未満であること、
を特徴とする請求項1~6のうちのいずれかに記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記金属粒子が加熱分解して金属になる粒子を含まないこと、
を特徴とする請求項1~7のうちのいずれかに記載の金属接合用組成物。 - 前記金属粒子が銀系粒子であること、
を特徴とする請求項1~8のうちのいずれかに記載の金属接合用組成物。
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